1
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Xu H, Ge H, Cai Z. Botulinum toxin type a blocks aquaporin 5 trafficking by decreasing synaptosomal-associated protein 23 in submandibular acinar cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113954. [PMID: 38307188 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The trafficking of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is critical for salivary secretion. Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP23) is an important regulator in the process of membrane fusion. However, the role of SNAP23 on AQP5 trafficking has not been explored. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is a bacterial toxin that effectively treats sialorrhea. We previously reported that BoNT/A induced AQP5 redistribution in cultured acinar cells, but the mechanism remained unclear. In this study, SNAP23 was predominantly localized to the plasma membrane of acinar cells in the rat submandibular gland (SMG) and colocalized with AQP5 at the apical membrane of acinar cells. In stable GFP-AQP5-transfected SMG-C6 cells, the acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol (CCh) induced trafficking of AQP5 from intracellular vesicles to the apical membrane. Furthermore, SNAP23 knockdown by siRNA significantly inhibited CCh-induced AQP5 trafficking, whereas this inhibitory effect was reversed by SNAP23 re-expression, indicating that SNAP23 was essential in AQP5 trafficking. More importantly, BoNT/A inhibited salivary secretion from SMGs, and the underlying mechanism involved that BoNT/A blocked CCh-triggered AQP5 trafficking by decreasing SNAP23 in acinar cells. Taken together, these results identified a crucial role for SNAP23 in AQP5 trafficking and provided new insights into the mechanism of BoNT/A in treating sialorrhea and thereby a theoretical basis for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Wangfujing General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Ge
- Department of Wangfujing General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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2
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Chivasso C, D'Agostino C, Parisis D, Soyfoo MS, Delporte C. Involvement of aquaporin 5 in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103268. [PMID: 36621535 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with the pathological hallmark of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of exocrine glands - more specifically salivary and lacrimal glands - resulting in a diminished production of tears and saliva (sicca syndrome). The pathophysiology underscoring the mechanisms of the sicca symptoms in SS has still yet to be unraveled but recent advances have identified a cardinal role of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) as a key player in saliva secretion as well as salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation. AQP5 expression and localization are significantly altered in salivary glands from patients and mice models of the disease, shedding light on a putative mechanism accounting for diminished salivary flow. Furthermore, aberrant expression and localization of AQP5 protein partners, such as prolactin-inducible protein and ezrin, may account for altered AQP5 localization in salivary glands from patients suffering from SS and are considered as new players in SS development. This review provides an overview of the role of AQP5 in SS salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation, focusing on its trafficking and protein-protein interactions.
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3
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Li J, Wu L, Chen Y, Yan Z, Fu J, Luo Z, Du J, Guo L, Xu J, Liu Y. Anticeramide Improves Sjögren's Syndrome by Blocking BMP6-Induced Th1. J Dent Res 2023; 102:93-102. [PMID: 36281063 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). In recent studies, the increased expression of BMP6 has been reported to be related to SS. However, the roles that BMP6 plays in immune homeostasis in the development of SS as well as the downstream signals activated by BMP6 remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of BMP6 on naive CD4+ T cells, showing that BMP6 could upregulate interferon (IFN)-γ secretion from CD4+ T cells through a ceramide/nuclear factor-κB pathway, with no effect on T-cell activation or proliferation. Moreover, an in vivo study showed that anticeramide treatment (myriocin) for an SS animal model (NOD/LtJ mice) could significantly decrease the IFN-γ expression and Th1 frequency in the salivary glands and suppress the inflammation infiltration in salivary glands and maintain the salivary flow rates, both of which reflect SS-like symptoms. This study identifies a promising target that could effectively attenuate the abnormal state of CD4+ T cells and reverse the progression of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. China
| | - L Wu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Y Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Z Yan
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - J Fu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Z Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - J Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - L Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - J Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Y Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. China
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4
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Villandre J, White V, Lear TB, Chen Y, Tuncer F, Vaiz E, Tuncer B, Lockwood K, Camarco D, Liu Y, Chen BB, Evankovich J. A Repurposed Drug Screen for Compounds Regulating Aquaporin 5 Stability in Lung Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828643. [PMID: 35145418 PMCID: PMC8821664 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is expressed in several cell types in the lung and regulates water transport, which contributes to barrier function during injury and the composition of glandular secretions. Reduced AQP5 expression is associated with barrier dysfunction during acute lung injury, and strategies to enhance its expression are associated with favorable phenotypes. Thus, pharmacologically enhancing AQP5 expression could be beneficial. Here, we optimized a high-throughput assay designed to detect AQP5 abundance using a cell line stably expressing bioluminescent-tagged AQP5. We then screened a library of 1153 compounds composed of FDA-approved drugs for their effects on AQP5 abundance. We show compounds Niclosamide, Panobinostat, and Candesartan Celexitil increased AQP5 abundance, and show that Niclosamide has favorable cellular toxicity profiles. We determine that AQP5 levels are regulated in part by ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in lung epithelial cells, and mechanistically Niclosamide increases AQP5 levels by reducing AQP5 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Functionally, Niclosamide stabilized AQP5 levels in response to hypotonic stress, a stimulus known to reduce AQP5 levels. In complementary assays, Niclosamide increased endogenous AQP5 in both A549 cells and in primary, polarized human bronchial epithelial cells compared to control-treated cells. Further, we measured rapid cell volume changes in A549 cells in response to osmotic stress, an effect controlled by aquaporin channels. Niclosamide-treated A549 cell volume changes occurred more rapidly compared to control-treated cells, suggesting that increased Niclosamide-mediated increases in AQP5 expression affects functional water transport. Taken together, we describe a strategy to identify repurposed compounds for their effect on AQP5 protein abundance. We validated the effects of Niclosamide on endogenous AQP5 levels and in regulating cell-volume changes in response to tonicity changes. Our findings highlight a unique approach to screen for drug effects on protein abundance, and our workflow can be applied broadly to study compound effects on protein abundance in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Villandre
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Virginia White
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Travis B. Lear
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ferhan Tuncer
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Emily Vaiz
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Beyza Tuncer
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Karina Lockwood
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dan Camarco
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bill B. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John Evankovich
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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5
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Gava G, Eickhoff SB, Filler TJ, Mayer F, Mahlke NS, Ritz-Timme S. Acute or chronic pulmonary emphysema? Or both?-A contribution to the diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation in cases with pre-existing chronic emphysema. Int J Legal Med 2021. [PMID: 34181078 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation may be challenging if external injuries are missing, and a typical acute emphysema (AE) "disappears" in pre-existing chronic emphysema (CE). Eighty-four autopsy cases were systematically investigated to identify a (histo-) morphological or immunohistochemical marker combination that enables the diagnosis of violent asphyxiation in cases with a pre-existing CE ("AE in CE"). The cases comprised four diagnostic groups, namely "AE", "CE", "acute and chronic emphysema (AE + CE)", and "no emphysema (NE)". Samples from all pulmonary lobes were investigated by conventional histological methods as well as with the immunohistochemical markers Aquaporin 5 (AQP-5) and Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A). Particular attention was paid to alveolar septum ends ("dead-ends") suspected as rupture spots, which were additionally analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The findings in the four diagnostic groups were compared using multivariate analysis and 1-way ANOVA analysis. All morphological findings were found in all four groups. Based on histological and macroscopic findings, a multivariate analysis was able to predict the correct diagnosis "AE + CE" with a probability of 50%, and the diagnoses "AE" and "CE" with a probability of 86% each. Three types of "dead-ends" could be differentiated. One type ("fringed ends") was observed significantly more frequently in AE. The immunohistochemical markers AQP-5 and SP-A did not show significant differences among the examined groups. Though a reliable identification of AE in CE could not be achieved using the examined parameters, our findings suggest that considering many different findings from the macroscopical, histomorphological, and molecular level by multivariate analysis is an approach that should be followed.
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6
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Lin JB, Chen JF, Lai FC, Li X, Xie JB, Tu YR, Kang MQ. Involvement of activin a receptor type 1 (ACVR1) in the pathogenesis of primary focal hyperhidrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:299-304. [PMID: 32473755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) is still not clear. PFH is thought to be a genetic disease. Whether activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1) is involved in the pathogenesis of PFH is unknown. In this study, the expression of ACVR1 in sweat glands of patients with PAH was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. The primary sweat gland cells obtained from primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAH) patients were transfected with acvr1 vector. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycling of gland cells were measured after transfection with acvr1 vector. The mRNA and protein expression of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and Na:K:2Cl Cotransporter 1 (NKCC1/SLC12A2) were detected. Our data showed that ACVR1 expression in axillary sweat gland tissue of PAH patients was significantly higher than that of normal control group. The function of ACVR1 was further investigated in the gland cells obtained from PAH patients. Compared with NC group, ACVR1 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation of sweat gland cells and inhibited the apoptosis of sweat gland cells. Meanwhile, ACVR1 overexpression significantly reduced the percentage of cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases, and increased the percentage of cells in S phase. In addition, ACVR1 overexpression significantly promoted the expression of AQP5 and NKCC1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Together, ACVR1 expression is related to PFH and ACVR1 overexpression can promote the proliferation of sweat gland cells and inhibit apoptosis by promoting the expression of AQP5 and NKCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Cai Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bao Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Rong Tu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Skowronski MT, Mlotkowska P, Tanski D, Lepiarczyk E, Kempisty B, Jaskiewicz L, Pareek CS, Skowronska A. Pituitary Hormones (FSH, LH, PRL, and GH) Differentially Regulate AQP5 Expression in Porcine Ovarian Follicular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4914. [PMID: 31623386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) on Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in granulosa (Gc) and theca cells (Tc) from medium (MF) and large (LF) ovarian follicles of pigs. The results showed that GH significantly decreased the expression of AQP5 in Gc from MF in relation to the control. In the Gc of large follicles, PRL stimulated the expression of AQP5. However, the increased expression of AQP5 in the Tc of LF was indicated by GH and PRL in relation to the control. A significantly higher expression of the AQP5 protein in the Gc from MF and LF was indicated by FSH and PRL. In co-cultures, an increased expression of AQP5 was observed in the Gc from LF incubated with LH, PRL, and GH. A significantly increased expression of AQP5 was also observed in co-cultures of Tc from all type of follicles incubated with LH, whereas PRL stimulated the expression of AQP5 in Tc from MF. Moreover, AQP5 protein expression increased in the co-culture isolated from MF and LF after treatment with FSH, LH, PRL, and GH. AQP5 immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm, mainly in the perinuclear region and endosomes, as well as in the cell membranes of Gc and Tc from the LF and MF.
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8
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Barranco R, Castiglioni C, Ventura F, Fracasso T. Immunohistochemical expression of P-selectin, SP-A, HSP70, aquaporin 5, and fibronectin in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1461-1467. [PMID: 31222534 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of drowning is one of the most difficult in forensic medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze pulmonary tissue reactions in death by drowning. In particular, we focused on the immunohistochemical expression of P-selectin, SP-A, HSP70, AQP-5, and fibronectin to investigate our expression in drowning and to understand whether there are differences between saltwater drowning (SWD) and freshwater drowning (FWD), which may indicate a different pathophysiology. We retrospectively investigated 10 cases of SWD (Mediterranean Sea) from the Institute of Legal Medicine of Genoa (Italy), and 10 cases of FWD (Lake of Geneva) from the University Center of Legal Medicine of Geneva (Switzerland). As control group, we examined 10 cases of death by acute external bleeding, characterized by minimal respiratory distress. As compared with controls, in SWD cases, the results showed a decrease of SP-A expression with membrane patterns. Furthermore, we observed a greater SP-A expression with granular pattern in drowning cases without statistically significant difference between SWD and FWD. For the markers AQP-5, HSP70, fibronectin, and P-selectin, no statistically significant differences were found between SWD, FWD, and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Barranco
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, via De' Toni 12, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Claudia Castiglioni
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Ventura
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, via De' Toni 12, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Tony Fracasso
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Vireak C, Seo AN, Han MH, Park TI, Kim YJ, Jeong JY. Aquaporin 5 expression correlates with tumor multiplicity and vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2019; 12:516-527. [PMID: 31933856 PMCID: PMC6945080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water channel transmembrane proteins that play a key role in transcellular water movement and transport. Recent studies have reported that AQPs are involved in cancer biology and can be a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify clinical significance and prognostic impact of AQP5 in surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). We analyzed the association between the expression of AQP5, Ki-67, and E-cadherin. Immunohistochemical stains for AQP5, KI-67, and E-cadherin were performed on 72 surgically resected HCCs. As a result, 46 patients (63.9%) showed AQP5 expression, 46 patients (63.9%) revealed high expression of Ki-67, and E-cadherin loss was identified in 8 patients (11.1%). No significant relationship among the three markers was found (all P > 0.05). AQP5 expression was associated with tumor multiplicity (P = 0.039), microvascular invasion (P = 0.040), and major vessel invasion (P = 0.044). High expression of Ki-67 was related to high serum AFP level (P = 0.006), tumor grade (P = 0.002), and microvascular invasion (P = 0.040). AQP5 expression tended to be associated with worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.093) in the univariate analysis, but no significance was found in the multivariate survival analysis. High expression of Ki-67 was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) in both univariate (P = 0.012) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.020). In conclusion, AQP5 might be a prognostic marker in HCC based on its association with tumor multiplicity, microvascular invasion, and major vessel invasion; and Ki-67 is an independent prognostic factor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhun Vireak
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University, School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - An Na Seo
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Kyungpook National University, School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Man-Hoon Han
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Tae-In Park
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Kyungpook National University, School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
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10
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Miyagi Y, Kondo Y, Kusuda Y, Hori Y, Yamazaki S, Munemasa T, Mukaibo T, Masaki C, Hosokawa R. Submandibular gland-specific inflammaging-induced hyposalivation in the male senescence-accelerated mouse prone -1 line (SAM-P1). Biogerontology 2019; 20:421-32. [PMID: 30684147 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging has pronounced effects on mammalian tissues and cells, but the impacts of aging on salivary gland function are relatively unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of aging on submandibular gland (SMG) and parotid gland (PG) functions in the male senescence-accelerated mouse. In vivo analysis at the systemic level revealed that salivary secretion induced by pilocarpine, a muscarinic agonist, from the SMG was significantly decreased in aged mice, whereas salivary secretion from the PG was not affected. To evaluate organ-level function, the SMG was perfused with the muscarinic agonists carbachol and calcium ionophore A23187 ex vivo to induce salivary secretion, and decreased saliva production was also observed in the aged SMG. Histological analysis revealed the presence of CD4-positive lymphocytes infiltrating the aged SMG. Furthermore, real-time PCR revealed that the aged SMG exhibited accelerated cell aging, increased levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, and decreased mRNA levels of the water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5). In summary, these results demonstrate that SMG function in aged mice was diminished, and that cell senescence, chronic inflammation, and the decreased gene expression of AQP5 are the likely causes of hyposalivation in the SMG of aged mice.
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Abstract
Cell-based assay by immunofluorescence cytochemistry (CBA-IFC) has been shown to be the most accurate method to detect anti-aquaporin (AQP) 4 autoantibodies. Detection of anti-AQP5 autoantibodies is delicate, which depends on the proper expression of AQP5 on the plasma membrane. Here, we describe methods to determine anti-AQP5 autoantibodies by CBA-IFC. Both anti-AQP5 IgG and IgA can be detected by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Alam
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sumin Jeon
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Uchida H, Nakamura TJ, Takasu NN, Obana-Koshino A, Ono H, Todo T, Sakai T, Nakamura W. The central clock controls the daily rhythm of Aqp5 expression in salivary glands. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:377-385. [PMID: 28484984 PMCID: PMC10717580 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Salivary secretion displays day-night variations that are controlled by the circadian clock. The central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates daily physiological rhythms by prompting peripheral oscillators to adjust to changing environments. Aquaporin 5 (Aqp5) is known to play a key role in salivary secretion, but the association between Aqp5 and the circadian rhythm is poorly understood. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether Aqp5 expression in submandibular glands (SMGs) is driven by the central clock in the SCN or by autonomous oscillations. We observed circadian oscillations in the activity of period circadian protein homolog 2 and luciferase fusion protein (PER2::LUC) in cultured SMGs with periodicity depending on core clock genes. A daily rhythm was detected in the expression profiles of Aqp5 in SMGs in vivo. In cultured SMGs ex vivo, clock genes showed distinct circadian rhythms, whereas Aqp5 expression did not. These data indicate that daily Aqp5 expression in the mouse SMG is driven by the central clock in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- Department of Oral-Chrono Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro J Nakamura
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Nana N Takasu
- Department of Oral-Chrono Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Aya Obana-Koshino
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ono
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Todo
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakamura
- Department of Oral-Chrono Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
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Esghaei M, Ghaffari H, Rahimi Esboei B, Ebrahimi Tapeh Z, Bokharaei Salim F, Motevalian M. Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Camellia Sinensis in the Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1697-1701. [PMID: 29938468 PMCID: PMC6103574 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.6.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is widespread across the world. While conventional anticancer treatments can help the affected patients, cells of vital organs such as the kidney, lungs, bladder and nervous system may suffer from side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, so that it is necessary to search for alternatives. From ancient times, attention has focused on medicinal plants and natural products. In the current work, Camellia sinensis, whose leaves are used to produce green tea was evaluated for anticancer effects in cell culture. Materials and Methods: A hydroalcoholic extract of Camellia sinensis young leaves was prepared by percolation and compared with Cisplatin as a known anticancer drug for effects on two cell lines: Caco-2, colon carcinoma cells, and mouse normal fibroblasts (L929). Cytotoxicity of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 µg/ml of Camellia sinensis extract was evaluated by MTT assay and aquaporin 5 (AQP5), detected as a biomarker for surviving cells using immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: MTT assays with hydroalcoholic extract of Camellia sinensis showed considerable inhibition of growth of Caco-2 cells, significant at 800 µg/ml (P<0.05), with little effect on L929 cells. Levels of aquaporin 5 protein decreased in Caco-2 cell culture following green tea extract treatment. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, Camellia sinensis is a medicinal plant with potent anticancer influence which might be specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Heupel J, Bläsche R, Wesslau KP, Kasper M, Barth K. P2X7R: independent modulation of aquaporin 5 expression in CdCl 2-injured alveolar epithelial cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:197-208. [PMID: 29397411 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The expression of aquaporin 5 in alveolar epithelial type I cells under conditions of cadmium-induced injury has not yet been discovered. We investigated the effect of the P2X7R agonist BzATP under this condition, since P2X7R is involved in altered regulation of aquaporin 5 in pulmonary fibrosis. CdCl2/TGF-β1 treatment of lung epithelial MLE-12 cells was leading to increasing P2X7R, and aquaporin 5 protein levels. The aquaporin 5 expression was P2X7R-independent in MLE-12 cells under cadmium, as was shown in blocking experiments with oxATP. Further, the expression of both proteins increased after 24 h CdCl2/TGF-β1 treatment of precision-cut lung slices, but decreased after 72 h. Using immunohistochemistry, the activation of the P2X7R with the agonist BzATP modulated the aquaporin 5 immunoreactivity in the alveolar epithelium of precision-cut lung slices from wild-type but not from P2X7R knockout mice. Similarly, aquaporin 5 protein was reduced in BzATP-treated immortal lung epithelial E10 cells. Surprisingly, untreated alveolar epithelial type II cells of P2X7R knockouts exhibited a pronounced apical immunoreactivity in addition to the remaining alveolar epithelial type I cells. BzATP exposure did not alter this distribution pattern, but increased the number of apoptotic alveolar epithelial type II cells in wild-type lung slices.
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Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands regulate body temperature by secreting water and electrolytes. In humans, eccrine sweat glands are ubiquitous in the skin, except in the lips and external genitalia. In mice, eccrine sweat glands are present only in the paw pad. Brn2 is a protein belonging to a large family of transcription factors. A few studies have examined Brn2 in melanoma cells and epidermal keratinocytes. This study investigated changes in the skin in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse, which overexpresses Brn2 and contains the keratin 5 promotor. Interestingly, the volume of eccrine sweat glands was reduced markedly in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse compared with the wild-type, while the expression of aquaporin 5, important molecule in sweat secretion, was increased in each sweat gland cell, probably to compensate for the reduction in gland development. However, sweating response to a pilocarpine injection in the hind paw was significantly decreased in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse compared with the wild-type. The paw epidermis was thicker in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse compared with the wild-type. Taken together, eccrine sweat gland development and sweat secretion were suppressed markedly in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse. These results may be associated with dominant development of the epidermis by Brn2 overexpression in the paw skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Keun Chee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyeong Jo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Xu C, Jiang L, Zou Y, Xing J, Sun H, Zhu B, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhang J. Involvement of water channel Aquaporin 5 in H 2S-induced pulmonary edema. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 49:202-211. [PMID: 28088675 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poses a significant threat to life, and the lung is one of the primary target organs of H2S. However, the mechanisms involved in H2S-induced acute pulmonary edema are poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of H2S on the expression of water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in AQP5 regulation. In an in vivo study, C57BL6 mice were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of inhaled H2S, and histological injury of the lungs and ultrastructure injury of the epithelial cells were evaluated. With real-time PCR and western blot assays, we found that H2S exposure contributed to a significant decrease in AQP5 expression both in murine lung tissue and the A549 cell line, and the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were demonstrated to be implicated in AQP5 regulation. Therefore, adjusting AQP5 protein levels could be considered a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of APE induced by H2S and other hazardous gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yuxia Zou
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education. Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Department of Occupational Disease Prophylactic-Therapeutic Institution, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 122 Heban Cun, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Disease Prophylactic-Therapeutic Institution, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 122 Heban Cun, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education. Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Krøigård AB, Hetland LE, Clemmensen O, Blaydon DC, Hertz JM, Bygum A. The first Danish family reported with an AQP5 mutation presenting diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma of Bothnian type, hyperhidrosis and frequent Corynebacterium infections: a case report. BMC Dermatol 2016; 16:7. [PMID: 27255181 PMCID: PMC4891830 DOI: 10.1186/s12895-016-0044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background An autosomal dominant form of diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, palmoplantar keratoderma of Bothnian type, is caused by mutations in the AQP5 gene encoding the cell-membrane water channel protein aquaporin 5 leading to defective epidermal-water-barrier function in the epidermis of the palms and soles. Case presentation We report the first Danish family diagnosed with diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma of Bothnian type in which fourteen individuals are potentially affected. The proband, a 36-year-old male had since childhood been affected by pronounced hyperhidrosis of the palms and soles along with palmoplantar keratoderma. He reported a very distinctive feature of the disorder, aquagenic wrinkling, as he developed pronounced maceration of the skin with translucent white papules and a spongy appearance following exposure to water. The patient presented recurrent fungal infections, a wellknown feature of the condition, but also periodic worsening with pitted keratolysis and malodour due to bacterial infections. Conclusions Palmoplantar keratoderma of Bothnian type, which may be associated with hyperhidrosis, is frequently complicated by fungal infections and may be complicated by Corynebacterium infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12895-016-0044-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bruun Krøigård
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Liv Eline Hetland
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Diana C Blaydon
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Bart and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jens Michael Hertz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Bygum
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Jo YM, Park TI, Lee HY, Jeong JY, Lee WK. Prognostic Significance of Aquaporin 5 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 50:122-8. [PMID: 26863575 PMCID: PMC4804147 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.10.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporins are water channel proteins that play a major role in the movement of water in various human tissues. Recently, it has been found that aquaporins have influence in the carcinogenesis of human malignancies. We analyzed the prognostic impact of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Seventy-six cases of NSCLC were studied, including 44 cases of adenocarcinoma (ADC) and 32 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). Tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemical staining for AQP5 was performed. RESULTS AQP5 was positive in 59.2% of the total enrolled NSCLCs (63.7% in ADC and 53.1% in SQCC). The difference in expression of AQP5 according to the histologic grade of the tumor was significant (p<.047), but not in a serial order. When ADC and SQCC were separately evaluated, no significant difference was observed according to the histologic grade of the tumor (p=.076 in ADC and p=.631 in SQCC). No difference was observed between AQP5 expression and other demographic data and tumor characteristics. Disease-free survival (DFS) was higher in AQP5 negative cases than positive cases in ADC (p=.047), but no significance was found in SQCC (p=.068). We were unable to find a significance between AQP5 overexpression and overall survival in either ADC (p=.210) or SQCC (p=.533). CONCLUSIONS AQP5 expression is associated with DFS in ADC of the lung and tumor grade of NSCLC. The present study suggests that AQP5 can be a prognostic factor of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Jo
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae In Park
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Biostatistics, Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Yu CH, Yu WY, Fang J, Zhang HH, Ma Y, Yu B, Wu F, Wu XN. Mosla scabra flavonoids ameliorate the influenza A virus-induced lung injury and water transport abnormality via the inhibition of PRR and AQP signaling pathways in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 179:146-155. [PMID: 26719287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACROLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mosla scabra (Thunb.) C.Y. Wu and H.W. Li has been used as a traditional medicinal herb for centuries in East Asian countries. It has antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In folk medicine, it is used as a remedy for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, such as fever, cold, cough, pulmonary edema and emphysema. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to investigate the protective mechanism of total flavonoids from M. scabra (MF) in influenza A virus (IAV)-infected mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice were infected with IAV and then were treated daily with MF for five days. At the end of the experiment, the levels of inflammatory-related cytokines (IFN-α, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) were determined by ELISA. Pathological changes of lung tissue were examined by H&E staining. The protein expressions of AQP5, p-p38, caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 were detected by western blot analysis while the gene expressions of key effectors in AQP5 and PRRs signaling pathways were detected by real-time Fluorescence Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RFQ-PCR) analysis. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with MF at doses of 120-360mg/kg for five days to IAV-infected mice significantly attenuated IAV-induced pulmonary injury and decreased the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, but increased IFN-α levels. MF treatment could up-regulate the mRNA expressions of TLR-7, RIG-1, TRAF6, Bcl-2, Bax, VIPR1, PKCα and AQP5 and down-regulate caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 protein expression. CONCLUSION Treatment with MF could significantly alleviate IAV-induced pulmonary inflammation, apoptosis and water transport abnormality, which was probably through the regulation of TLR7, RIG-1 and AQP5 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wu
- Pharmaceutical Department, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Tao B, Liu L, Wang N, Wang W, Jiang J, Zhang J. Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on aquaporin 1, 5 in septic rat lungs. J Surg Res 2016; 202:291-8. [PMID: 27229103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 1(AQP1) and AQP5 have an important role in eliminating extravascular lung water, an increase of which contributes to lung injury in patients with sepsis and its consequent mortality. It has been reported that hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) has protective effects against sepsis-related lung injury. In this study, we hypothesized that the protective effect occurred by preserving the expression of AQP1 and AQP5. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats received intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by intraperitoneal injection of HRS. Lung function, wet-to-dry weight ratio, and histopathology scores were determined. The expression of AQP1 and AQP5 at the messenger RNA and protein levels, as well as the involved pathways, was explored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. LPS significantly impaired lung function and downregulated the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in the rat lung, all of which were attenuated by HRS treatment. Moreover, HRS treatment inhibited LPS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and jun N-terminal kinase, which is associated with LPS-induced downregulation of AQP1 and AQP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingdong Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Park JW, Shin YK, Choen YP. Adaptive Transition of Aquaporin 5 Expression and Localization during Preimplantation Embryo Development by In Vitro Culture. Dev Reprod 2015; 18:153-60. [PMID: 25949184 PMCID: PMC4282210 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2014.18.3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive development of early stage embryo is well established and recently it is explored that the mammalian embryos also have adaptive ability to the stressful environment. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, to evaluate the possible role of aquaporin in early embryo developmental adaptation, the expression of aquaporin (AQP) 5 gene which is detected during early development were examined by the environmental condition. To compare expression patterns between in vivo and in vitro, we conducted quantitative RT-PCR and analyzed localization of the AQP5 by whole mount immunofluorescence. At in vivo condition, Aqp5 expressed in oocyte and in all the stages of preimplantation embryo. It showed peak at 2-cell stage and decreased continuously until morula stage. At in vitro condition, Aqp5 expression pattern was similar with in vivo embryos. It expressed both at embryonic genome activation phase and second midpreimplantation gene activation phase, but the fold changes were modified between in vivo embryos and in vitro embryos. During in vivo development, AQP5 was mainly localized in apical membrane of blastomeres of 4-cell and 8-cell stage embryos, and then it was localized in cytoplasm. However, the main localization area of AQP5 was dramatically shifted after 8-cell stage from cytoplasm to nucleus by in vitro development. Those results explore the modification of Aqp5 expression levels and location of its final products by in vitro culture. It suggests that expression of Aqp5 and the roles of AQP5 in homeostasis can be modulated by in vitro culture, and that early stage embryos can develop successfully by themselves adapting to their condition through modulation of the specific gene expression and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Park
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 147-742, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Shin
- Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NFRDI, Busan 619-902, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Choen
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 147-742, Korea
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Sakamoto Y, Hisatsune A, Katsuki H, Horie I, Isohama Y. Aquaporin 5 increases keratinocyte-derived chemokine expression and NF-κB activity through ERK activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:355-60. [PMID: 24747567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-selective channel protein that is expressed in submucosal glands and alveolar epithelial cells in the lungs. Recent studies have revealed that AQPs regulate not only water metabolism, but also some cellular functions such as cell growth and migration. Here, we report the role of AQP5 in inflammatory responses. In MLE-12 cells, knockdown of AQP5 using siRNA (10-50 nM) attenuated TNF-α-induced expression of keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) mRNA and protein. Conversely, in NIH-3T3 cells, overexpression of AQP5 increased KC expression, NF-κB activation, and ERK phosphorylation. The AQP5-induced increase of KC expression was diminished by treatment with ERK inhibitors. Taken together, we propose a new function of AQP5 as an inflammatory signal potentiator, which may be mediated by increased activation of ERK and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuima Sakamoto
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akinori Hisatsune
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ichiro Horie
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Isohama
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Starowicz A, Grzesiak M, Mobasheri A, Szoltys M. Immunolocalization of aquaporin 5 during rat ovarian follicle development and expansion of the preovulatory cumulus oophorus. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:457-65. [PMID: 24192214 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunofluorescent localization of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) was investigated in rat ovarian follicles during development and preovulatory cumulus oophorus expansion. Ampullary cumuli oophori complexes (COCs) were examined. Analysis revealed that AQP5 immunostaining appeared in preantral follicles and formed a characteristic ring encircling and touching the oolemma. The staining represented most likely AQP5 functioning at the ends of corona radiata cell projections, anchoring on the oocyte surface. However, several hours after the presumptive preovulatory LH surge, when the process of expansion of COCs started, the AQP5 staining appeared also on the cumulus granulosa cells and in the extracellular matrix. In the postovulatory ampullary COCs the fluorescent ring was not observed, which may be the result of the well-established preovulatory withdrawal of projections from the zona pellucida. At that time-point immunofluorescent staining of AQP5 appeared in most oocytes and was also present in the apical membrane of epithelial cells of the oviduct ampulla. The latter observation suggests that after ovulation AQP5 is involved in the transcellular movement of water in the oviduct ampulla and oocytes in rats.
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Aggarwal NR, Chau E, Garibaldi BT, Mock JR, Sussan T, Rao K, Rao K, Menon AG, D'Alessio FR, Damarla M, Biswal S, King LS, Sidhaye VK. Aquaporin 5 regulates cigarette smoke induced emphysema by modulating barrier and immune properties of the epithelium. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e25248. [PMID: 24665410 PMCID: PMC3783223 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.25248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Cigarette smoke, the most common risk factor for COPD, induces airway and alveolar epithelial barrier permeability and initiates an innate immune response. Changes in abundance of aquaporin 5 (AQP5), a water channel, can affect epithelial permeability and immune response after cigarette smoke exposure. To determine how AQP5-derived epithelial barrier modulation affects epithelial immune response to cigarette smoke and development of emphysema, WT and AQP5−/− mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). We measured alveolar cell counts and differentials, and assessed histology, mean-linear intercept (MLI), and surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) to determine severity of emphysema. We quantified epithelial-derived signaling proteins for neutrophil trafficking, and manipulated AQP5 levels in an alveolar epithelial cell line to determine specific effects on neutrophil transmigration after CS exposure. We assessed paracellular permeability and epithelial turnover in response to CS. In contrast to WT mice, AQP5−/− mice exposed to 6 months of CS did not demonstrate a significant increase in MLI or a significant decrease in S/V compared with air-exposed mice, conferring protection against emphysema. After sub-acute (4 weeks) and chronic (6 mo) CS exposure, AQP5−/− mice had fewer alveolar neutrophil but similar lung neutrophil numbers as WT mice. The presence of AQP5 in A549 cells, an alveolar epithelial cell line, was associated with increase neutrophil migration after CS exposure. Compared with CS-exposed WT mice, neutrophil ligand (CD11b) and epithelial receptor (ICAM-1) expression were reduced in CS-exposed AQP5−/− mice, as was secreted LPS-induced chemokine (LIX), an epithelial-derived neutrophil chemoattractant. CS-exposed AQP5−/− mice demonstrated decreased type I pneumocytes and increased type II pneumocytes compared with CS-exposed WT mice suggestive of enhanced epithelial repair. Absence of AQP5 protected against CS-induced emphysema with reduced epithelial permeability, neutrophil migration, and altered epithelial cell turnover which may enhance repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Aggarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Eric Chau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Brian T Garibaldi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jason R Mock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thomas Sussan
- School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Keshav Rao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kaavya Rao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Anil G Menon
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Biochemistry and Microbiology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - Franco R D'Alessio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Landon S King
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore, MD USA
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