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Zeng X, Li J, Pei L, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhou T. Didang decoction attenuates cancer-associated thrombosis by inhibiting PAD4-dependent NET formation in lung cancer. Pulm Circ 2024; 14:e12454. [PMID: 39386377 PMCID: PMC11462072 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the impact of Didang decoction (DD) on the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and cancer-associated thrombosis in lung cancer. BALB/c nude mice were used to establish xenograft models for inducing deep vein thrombosis. Tumor growth and thrombus length were assessed. The impact of DD on NET generation was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot analysis, both in vivo and in vitro. CI-amidine, a PAD4 inhibitor, was employed to evaluate the role of PAD4 in the generation of NETs. In vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with DD reduced tumor growth, inhibited thrombus formation, and decreased the levels of NET markers in the serum, tumor tissues, neutrophils, and thrombus tissues of mice. Additional data indicated that DD could suppress neutrophil counts, the release of tissue factor (TF), and the activation of thrombin-activated platelets, all of which contributed to increased formation of NETs in mouse models. In vitro, following incubation with conditioned medium (CM) derived from Lewis lung carcinoma cells, the expression of NET markers in neutrophils was significantly elevated, and an extracellular fibrous network structure was observed. Nevertheless, these NET-associated changes were partially counteracted by DD. Additionally, CI-amidine reduced the expression of NET markers in CM-treated neutrophils, consistent with the effects of DD. Collectively, DD inhibits cancer-associated thrombosis in lung cancer by decreasing PAD4-dependent NET formation through the regulation of TF-mediated thrombin-platelet activation. This presents a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating venous thromboembolism in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zeng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, College of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jiuxi Li
- College of Acupuncture, Massage and RehabilitationHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liyuan Pei
- College of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yaping Yang
- College of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ya Chen
- College of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xuejing Wang
- College of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- Cardiovascular DepartmentHunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, College of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
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Lou J, Zhang J, Deng Q, Chen X. Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate neuro-immunothrombosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1734-1740. [PMID: 38103239 PMCID: PMC10960287 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps are primarily composed of DNA and histones and are released by neutrophils to promote inflammation and thrombosis when stimulated by various inflammatory reactions. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation occurs through lytic and non-lytic pathways that can be further classified by formation mechanisms. Histones, von Willebrand factor, fibrin, and many other factors participate in the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis. Neuro-immunothrombosis summarizes the intricate interplay between inflammation and thrombosis during neural development and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, providing cutting-edge insights into post-neurotrauma thrombotic events. The blood-brain barrier defends the brain and spinal cord against external assaults, and neutrophil extracellular trap involvement in blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis contributes substantially to secondary injuries in neurological diseases. Further research is needed to understand how neutrophil extracellular traps promote blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis, but recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps play a crucial role in immunothrombosis, and identified modulators of neuro-immunothrombosis. However, these neurological diseases occur in blood vessels, and the mechanisms are unclear by which neutrophil extracellular traps penetrate the blood-brain barrier to participate in immunothrombosis in traumatic brain injury. This review discusses the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in neuro-immunothrombosis and explores potential therapeutic interventions to modulate neutrophil extracellular traps that may reduce immunothrombosis and improve traumatic brain injury outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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Yu M, Li X, Xu L, Zheng C, Pan W, Chen H, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang J. Neutrophil extracellular traps induce intrahepatic thrombotic tendency and liver damage in cholestatic liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0513. [PMID: 39101776 PMCID: PMC11299992 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver diseases induce local and systemic hypercoagulation, with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) serving as major drivers. These NETs have been linked to decreased liver function in patients with obstructive jaundice. However, the impact of NETs on liver hypercoagulation in cholestatic liver disease remains unknown. METHODS We utilized bile duct ligation to create experimental mice and analyzed NETs formation in the liver. Fibrin deposition, tissue factor expression, and inflammation in the liver were visualized through western blot and immunohistochemical techniques. LSECs were incubated with isolated NETs, and we detected endothelial procoagulant activity using coagulation protein production assays and measuring endothelial permeability. In both in vivo and in vitro settings, DNase I was applied to clarify the effect of NETs on intrahepatic hypercoagulability, hepatotoxicity, LSEC, and macrophage activation or injury. RESULTS Bile duct ligation mice exhibited significantly increased levels of NETs in liver tissue, accompanied by neutrophil infiltration, tissue necrosis, fibrin deposition, and thrombophilia compared to sham mice. Notably, NETs resulted in phosphatidylserine and tissue factor exposure on LSEC, enhancing coagulation Factor Xa and thrombin production. The enhanced procoagulant activity could be reversed by degrading NETs with DNase I. Additionally, NETs-induced permeability changes in LSECs, characterized by increased VE-cadherin expression and F-actin retraction, which could be rescued by DNase I. Meanwhile, NET formation is associated with KC activation and the formation of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS NETs promote intrahepatic activation of coagulation and inflammation, leading to liver tissue injury. Strategies targeting NET formation may offer a potential therapeutic approach for treating cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxin Yu
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chuwei Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xianshan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Bourrienne MC, Le Cam Duchez V, Faille D, Farkh C, Solo Nomenjanahary M, Gay J, Loyau S, Journé C, Dupont S, Ollivier V, Villeval JL, Plo I, Edmond V, Jandrot-Perrus M, Labrouche-Colomer S, Cassinat B, Verger E, Desilles JP, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Triquenot Bagan A, Mazighi M, Ajzenberg N. Exacerbation of thromboinflammation by JAK2V617F mutation worsens the prognosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3330-3343. [PMID: 38386979 PMCID: PMC11258627 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon venous thromboembolic event accounting for <1% of strokes resulting in brain parenchymal injuries. JAK2V617F mutation, the most frequent driving mutation of myeloproliferative neoplasms, has been reported to be associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with CVST. We investigated whether hematopoietic JAK2V617F expression predisposes to specific pathophysiological processes and/or worse prognosis after CVST. Using an in vivo mouse model of CVST, we analyzed clinical, biological, and imaging outcomes in mice with hematopoietic-restricted Jak2V617F expression, compared with wild-type Jak2 mice. In parallel, we studied a human cohort of JAK2V617F-positive or -negative CVST. Early after CVST, mice with hematopoietic Jak2V617F expression had increased adhesion of platelets and neutrophils in cerebral veins located in the vicinity of CVST. On day 1, Jak2V617F mice had a worse outcome characterized by significantly more frequent and severe intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) and higher mortality rates. Peripheral neutrophil activation was enhanced, as indicated by higher circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates, upregulated CD11b expression, and higher myeloperoxydase plasma level. Concurrently, immunohistological and brain homogenate analysis showed higher neutrophil infiltration and increased blood-brain barrier disruption. Similarly, patients with JAK2V617F-positive CVST tended to present higher thrombotic burden and had significantly higher systemic immune-inflammation index, a systemic thromboinflammatory marker, than patients who were JAK2V617F-negative. In mice with CVST, our study corroborates that Jak2V617F mutation leads to a specific pattern including increased thrombotic burden, ICH, and mortality. The exacerbated thromboinflammatory response, observed both in mice and patients positive for JAK2V617F, could contribute to hemorrhagic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Bourrienne
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM UMRS-1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Le Cam Duchez
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Normandie University, Rouen University Hospital, Hemostasis Unit and INSERM CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France
| | - Dorothée Faille
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM UMRS-1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Carine Farkh
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM UMRS-1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | | - Juliette Gay
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM UMRS-1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Loyau
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM UMRS-1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Clément Journé
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMS34, Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalités, Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Dupont
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Ollivier
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Valérie Edmond
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM UMRS-1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Labrouche-Colomer
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1034, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires & Laboratoire d’hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Bruno Cassinat
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Verger
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Desilles
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
- Département de Neuroradiologie interventionnelle, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Aude Triquenot Bagan
- Department of Neurology and INSERM CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Mikaël Mazighi
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Ajzenberg
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM UMRS-1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
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Li W, Chi D, Ju S, Zhao X, Li X, Zhao J, Xie H, Li Y, Jin J, Mang G, Dong Z. Platelet factor 4 promotes deep venous thrombosis by regulating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Thromb Res 2024; 237:52-63. [PMID: 38547695 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in thrombotic diseases has been extensively studied. The exact mechanism of NET formation in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has not been largely studied. This study is aimed to explore the role of NETs and their interaction with platelet factor 4 (PF4) in DVT. In plasma samples from 51 healthy volunteers and 52 DVT patients, NET markers and PF4 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). NET generation in blood samples from healthy subjects and DVT patients was analyzed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The plasma levels of NETs were significantly elevated in DVT patients, and neutrophils from patients showed a stronger ability to generate NETs after treatment. PF4 was upregulated in plasma samples from DVT patients and mediated NET formation. NETs enhanced procoagulant (PCA) via tissue factor and activating platelets to induce procoagulant activity. In addition, we established an inferior vena cava ligation (IVC) model to examine the role of NETs in thrombogenicity in DVT. In conclusion, NET formation was mediated by PF4 and enhance the procoagulant activity in DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Li
- Department of Vascular and Wound Center, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Decai Chi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Ju
- Department of Vascular and Wound Center, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Vascular and Wound Center, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Vascular and Wound Center, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ge Mang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhihui Dong
- Department of Vascular and Wound Center, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Y, Bissola AL, Treverton J, Hack M, Lychacz M, Kwok S, Arnold A, Nazy I. Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: Clinicopathologic Features and New Perspectives on Anti-PF4 Antibody-Mediated Disorders. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1012. [PMID: 38398325 PMCID: PMC10889051 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare yet severe adverse complication first identified during the global vaccination effort against SARS-CoV-2 infection, predominantly observed following administration of the ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and Ad26.CoV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen) adenoviral vector-based vaccines. Unlike other anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody-mediated disorders, such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), VITT arises with the development of platelet-activating anti-PF4 antibodies 4-42 days post-vaccination, typically featuring thrombocytopenia and thrombosis at unusual sites. AIM To explore the unique properties, pathogenic mechanisms, and long-term persistence of VITT antibodies in patients, in comparison with other anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders. DISCUSSION This review highlights the complexity of VITT as it differs in antibody behavior and clinical presentation from other anti-PF4-mediated disorders, including the high incidence rate of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and the persistence of anti-PF4 antibodies, necessitating a re-evaluation of long-term patient care strategies. The nature of VITT antibodies and the underlying mechanisms triggering their production remain largely unknown. CONCLUSION The rise in awareness and subsequent prompt recognition of VITT is paramount in reducing mortality. As vaccination campaigns continue, understanding the role of adenoviral vector-based vaccines in VITT antibody production is crucial, not only for its immediate clinical implications, but also for developing safer vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (M.H.); (S.K.)
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.-L.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Anna-Lise Bissola
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.-L.B.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jared Treverton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (M.H.); (S.K.)
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.-L.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Hack
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (M.H.); (S.K.)
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.-L.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Mark Lychacz
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.-L.B.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sarah Kwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (M.H.); (S.K.)
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.-L.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Addi Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
| | - Ishac Nazy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (M.H.); (S.K.)
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.-L.B.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Ding R, Cheng J, Wei S, Qin X, Liu Y, Li H, Xie T, Chai H, Chen Z. Sequential transcriptomic alterations in the cerebral cortex of mice after cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. J Proteomics 2024; 291:105035. [PMID: 37918797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the expression alterations of specific genes that occur after venous stroke, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sham and damaged cortical tissues at 2 and 7 days after induction of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) model. The profiles of DEGs were analyzed using GO, KEGG, GSEA, and PPI, and the crucial gene was further verified by western blot and immunofluorescence. We found 969 and 883 DEGs at 2 and 7 days after CVST, respectively. A marked increase in biological-process categories, such as immune system process and inflammatory response, and a decrease in neuropeptide signaling pathway were observed both at 2 and 7 days post-CVST. The KEGG pathway was enriched to varying degrees on complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and multiple immune-inflammatory signaling pathways at 2 and 7 days post-CVST, separately. Furthermore, GSEA highlights the potential roles of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction in CVST. Importantly, numerous genes related to KEGG pathways above featured prominently in the PPI network analysis, with IL1b being one of the most conspicuous. These time-dependent alterations in gene profiles and enrichment pathways reveal the unique pathophysiological characteristics of CVST and indicate novel therapeutic targets for venous stroke. SIGNIFICANCE: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an underrated and potentially fatal cause of stroke with a reported mortality of 5-10% worldwide. Currently, in addition to anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy, effective treatments targeting the injured brain parenchyma after CVST remain limited. Besides, accurate diagnostic markers are still sorely lacking. In the present study, we will detect the transcriptomic alterations of the cerebral cortex of mice post-CVST by RNA-sequencing, screen differentially expressed genes and abnormal pathways through bioinformatics methods, analyze the correlation of these signals and CVST pathology, and finally validate the key molecules through western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Collectively, the study aimed to offer a reference for the discovery of specific genes/pathway alterations in the damaged cortical tissues of CVST mice and further reveal the underlying pathogenesis, thereby providing evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of CVST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Oncology, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Xiaohong Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Teng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanchuan Renmin Hospital, Hanchuan, Hubei 431600, China
| | - Huihui Chai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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8
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Shao BZ, Jiang JJ, Zhao YC, Zheng XR, Xi N, Zhao GR, Huang XW, Wang SL. Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16465. [PMID: 38188146 PMCID: PMC10771765 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive induction of inflammatory and immune responses is widely considered as one of vital factors contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Neutrophils are well-studied members of inflammatory and immune cell family, contributing to the innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophil-released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in the regulation of various kinds of diseases, including CNS diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the biological features of NETs will be introduced. In addition, the role of NETs in several popular and well-studied CNS diseases including cerebral stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and neurological cancers will be described and discussed through the reviewing of previous related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yi-Cheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Ren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Li L, Stegner D. Immunothrombosis versus thrombo-inflammation: platelets in cerebrovascular complications. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102344. [PMID: 38433977 PMCID: PMC10907225 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A State-of-the Art lecture titled "Thrombo-Neuroinflammatory Disease" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress in 2023. First, we would like to advocate for discrimination between immunothrombosis and thrombo-inflammation, as immunothrombosis describes an overshooting inflammatory reaction that results in detrimental thrombotic activity. In contrast, thrombo-inflammation describes the interplay of platelets and coagulation with the immunovascular system, resulting in the recruitment of immune cells and loss of barrier function (hence, hallmarks of inflammation). Both processes can be observed in the brain, with cerebral venous thrombosis being a prime example of immunothrombosis, while infarct progression in response to ischemic stroke is a paradigmatic example of thrombo-inflammation. Here, we review the pathomechanisms underlying cerebral venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke from a platelet-centric perspective and discuss translational implications. Finally, we summarize relevant new data on this topic presented during the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Li
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Li W, Wang Z, Su C, Liao Z, Pei Y, Wang J, Li Z, Fu S, Liu J. The effect of neutrophil extracellular traps in venous thrombosis. Thromb J 2023; 21:67. [PMID: 37328882 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as special release products of neutrophils have received extensive attention. They are composed of decondensed chromatin and coated with nucleoproteins, including histones and some granulosa proteins. NETs can form a network structure to effectively capture and eliminate pathogens and prevent their spread. Not only that, recent studies have shown that NETs also play an important role in venous thrombosis. This review provides the most important updated evidence regarding the mechanism of NETs formation and the role of NETs in the process of venous thrombosis. The potential prophylactic and therapeutic value of NETs in venous thrombotic disease will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Chen'guang Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Zheng Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Yinxuan Pei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Zixin Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Shijie Fu
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China.
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11
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Herranz R, Oto J, Hueso M, Plana E, Cana F, Castaño M, Cordón L, Ramos-Soler D, Bonanad S, Vera-Donoso CD, Martínez-Sarmiento M, Medina P. Bladder cancer patients have increased NETosis and impaired DNaseI-mediated NET degradation that can be therapeutically restored in vitro. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171065. [PMID: 37275882 PMCID: PMC10237292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils, key players of the immune system, also promote tumor development through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a process called NETosis. NETs are extracellular networks of DNA, histones and cytoplasmic and granular proteins (calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, elastase, etc.) released by neutrophils upon activation. NETs regulate tumor growth while promoting angiogenesis and invasiveness, and tumor cells also stimulate NETosis. Although NETosis seems to be increased in cancer patients, an increase of NETs in plasma may also be mediated by an impaired degradation by plasma DNaseI, as evidenced in several immunological disorders like lupus nephritis. However, this has never been evidenced in bladder cancer (BC) patients. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the occurrence of increased NETosis in plasma and tumor tissue of BC patients, to ascertain whether it is mediated by a reduced DNaseI activity and degradation, and to in vitro explore novel therapeutic interventions. Methods We recruited 71 BC patients from whom we obtained a plasma sample before surgery and a formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue sample, and 64 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from whom we obtained a plasma sample. We measured NETs markers (cell-free fDNA, calprotectin, nucleosomes and neutrophil elastase) and the DNaseI activity in plasma with specific assays. We also measured NETs markers in BC tissue by immunofluorescence. Finally, we evaluated the ability of BC and control plasma to degrade in vitro-generated NETs, and evaluated the performance of the approved recombinant human DNaseI (rhDNaseI, Dornase alfa, Pulmozyme®, Roche) to restore the NET-degradation ability of plasma. In vitro experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis was conducted with Graphpad (v.8.0.1). Results NETosis occurs in BC tissue, more profusely in the muscle-invasive subtype (P<0.01), that with the worst prognosis. Compared to controls, BC patients had increased NETosis and a reduced DNaseI activity in plasma (P<0.0001), which leads to an impairment to degrade NETs (P<0.0001). Remarkably, this can be therapeutically restored with rhDNaseI to the level of healthy controls. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that BC patients have an increased NETosis systemically and in the tumor microenvironment, in part caused by an impaired DNaseI-mediated NET degradation. Remarkably, this defect can be therapeutically restored in vitro with the approved Dornase alfa, thus Pulmozyme® could become a potential therapeutic tool to locally reduce BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herranz
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Oto
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Hueso
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emma Plana
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Cana
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Castaño
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Cordón
- Hematology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, CIBERONC (CB16/12/00284), Valencia, Spain
| | - David Ramos-Soler
- Department of Pathology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Bonanad
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Thrombosis and Haemostasis Unit, Haematology Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Maneta E, Aivalioti E, Tual-Chalot S, Emini Veseli B, Gatsiou A, Stamatelopoulos K, Stellos K. Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1144229. [PMID: 37081895 PMCID: PMC10110956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by multiorgan dysfunction caused by a dysregulated or over-reactive host response to infection. During sepsis, the coagulation cascade is triggered by activated cells of the innate immune system, such as neutrophils and monocytes, resulting in clot formation mainly in the microcirculation, a process known as immunothrombosis. Although this process aims to protect the host through inhibition of the pathogen’s dissemination and survival, endothelial dysfunction and microthrombotic complications can rapidly lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The development of treatments targeting endothelial innate immune responses and immunothrombosis could be of great significance for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Medications modifying cell-specific immune responses or inhibiting platelet–endothelial interaction or platelet activation have been proposed. Herein, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of organ-specific endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in sepsis and its complications, while highlighting the recent advances in the development of new therapeutic approaches aiming at improving the short- or long-term prognosis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Maneta
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Eleni Maneta, ; Konstantinos Stellos, ;
| | - Evmorfia Aivalioti
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Besa Emini Veseli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Eleni Maneta, ; Konstantinos Stellos, ;
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13
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Castaño M, Tomás-Pérez S, González-Cantó E, Aghababyan C, Mascarós-Martínez A, Santonja N, Herreros-Pomares A, Oto J, Medina P, Götte M, Mc Cormack BA, Marí-Alexandre J, Gilabert-Estellés J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Cancer: Trapping Our Attention with Their Involvement in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065995. [PMID: 36983067 PMCID: PMC10056926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, play a well-known role in defense against pathogens through phagocytosis and degranulation. However, a new mechanism involving the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of DNA, histones, calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and elastase, among others, has been described. The so-called NETosis process can occur through three different mechanisms: suicidal, vital, and mitochondrial NETosis. Apart from their role in immune defense, neutrophils and NETs have been involved in physiopathological conditions, highlighting immunothrombosis and cancer. Notably, neutrophils can either promote or inhibit tumor growth in the tumor microenvironment depending on cytokine signaling and epigenetic modifications. Several neutrophils' pro-tumor strategies involving NETs have been documented, including pre-metastatic niche formation, increased survival, inhibition of the immune response, and resistance to oncologic therapies. In this review, we focus on ovarian cancer (OC), which remains the second most incidental but the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, partly due to the presence of metastasis, often omental, at diagnosis and the resistance to treatment. We deepen the state-of-the-art on the participation of NETs in OC metastasis establishment and progression and their involvement in resistance to chemo-, immuno-, and radiotherapies. Finally, we review the current literature on NETs in OC as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers, and their contribution to disease progression at early and advanced stages. The panoramic view provided in this article might pave the way for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients and, specifically, OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castaño
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Tomás-Pérez
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva González-Cantó
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Aghababyan
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Mascarós-Martínez
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Santonja
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julia Oto
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bárbara Andrea Mc Cormack
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Marí-Alexandre
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Gilabert-Estellés
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
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14
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs) Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054896. [PMID: 36902325 PMCID: PMC10002918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have been exploring the mechanisms driving NETs formation, much less attention has been paid to the degradation and elimination of these structures. The NETs clearance and the effective removal of extracellular DNA, enzymatic proteins (neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, myeloperoxidase) or histones are necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis, to prevent inflammation and to avoid the presentation of self-antigens. The persistence and overabundance of DNA fibers in the circulation and tissues may have dramatic consequences for a host leading to the development of various systemic and local damage. NETs are cleaved by a concerted action of extracellular and secreted deoxyribonucleases (DNases) followed by intracellular degradation by macrophages. NETs accumulation depends on the ability of DNase I and DNAse II to hydrolyze DNA. Furthermore, the macrophages actively engulf NETs and this event is facilitated by the preprocessing of NETs by DNase I. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss the current knowledge about the mechanisms of NETs degradation and its role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, autoimmune diseases, cancer and severe infections, as well as to discuss the possibilities for potential therapeutic interventions. Several anti-NETs approaches had therapeutic effects in animal models of cancer and autoimmune diseases; nevertheless, the development of new drugs for patients needs further study for an effective development of clinical compounds that are able to target NETs.
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Tan JH, Ahmad Azahari AHS, Ali A, Ismail NAS. Scoping Review on Epigenetic Mechanisms in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:555. [PMID: 36980827 PMCID: PMC10048672 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune blood disorder that involves multiple pathways responsible for the homeostasis of the immune system. Numerous pieces of literature have proposed the potential of immune-related genes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which mostly implicate the role of B cells and T cells in the pathogenesis of ITP. However, a more in-depth understanding is required of how these immune-related genes are regulated. Thus, this scoping review aims to collate evidence and further elucidate each possible epigenetics mechanism in the regulation of immunological pathways pertinent to the pathogenesis of ITP. This encompasses DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. A total of 41 studies were scrutinized to further clarify how each of the epigenetics mechanisms is related to the pathogenesis of ITP. Identifying epigenetics mechanisms will provide a new paradigm that may assist in the diagnosis and treatment of immune thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong Tan
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hazim Syakir Ahmad Azahari
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Research Centre, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Research Centre, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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16
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Qiao S, Sun QY, Zhou P, Zhang SC, Wang ZH, Li HY, Wang AH, Liu XW, Xin T. Increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1046778. [PMID: 36569875 PMCID: PMC9780054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been found to play an important role in several nervous system diseases. However, their role in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible role of NETs in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Materials and methods Eleven patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and ten healthy participants were enrolled. Plasma NETs levels were detected using an immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, we examined 10 plasma cytokines in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and analyzed the correlation between citrullinated histone 3 levels and cytokine release. Results Peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were more susceptible to NET generation. When compared with controls, cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis showed elevated levels of IL-1 α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, MCP-1, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Moreover, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with H3Cit levels. Conclusion We provide evidence that NETs may play a role in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, providing clues for elucidation of the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Quan-ye Sun
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shan-chao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China,School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-hao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-yun Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ai-hua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-wu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China,Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Tao Xin, ; Xue-wu Liu,
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Tao Xin, ; Xue-wu Liu,
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