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Longworth GR, de Boer J, Goh K, Agnello DM, McCaffrey L, Zapata Restrepo JR, An Q, Chastin S, Davis A, Altenburg T, Verloigne M, Giné-Garriga M. Navigating process evaluation in co-creation: a Health CASCADE scoping review of used frameworks and assessed components. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014483. [PMID: 38964878 PMCID: PMC11227756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-creation is seen as a way to ensure all relevant needs and perspectives are included and to increase its potential for beneficial effects and uptake process evaluation is crucial. However, existing process evaluation frameworks have been built on practices characterised by top-down developed and implemented interventions and may be limited in capturing essential elements of co-creation. This study aims to provide a review of studies planning and/or conducting a process evaluation of public health interventions adopting a co-creation approach and aims to derive assessed process evaluation components, used frameworks and insights into formative and/or participatory evaluation. METHODS We searched for studies on Scopus and the Health CASCADE Co-Creation Database. Co-authors performed a concept-mapping exercise to create a set of overarching dimensions for clustering the identified process evaluation components. RESULTS 54 studies were included. Conceptualisation of process evaluation included in studies concerned intervention implementation, outcome evaluation, mechanisms of impact, context and the co-creation process. 22 studies (40%) referenced ten existing process evaluation or evaluation frameworks and most referenced were the frameworks developed by Moore et al (14%), Saunders et al (5%), Steckler and Linnan (5%) and Nielsen and Randall (5%).38 process evaluation components were identified, with a focus on participation (48%), context (40%), the experience of co-creators (29%), impact (29%), satisfaction (25%) and fidelity (24%).13 studies (24%) conducted formative evaluation, 37 (68%) conducted summative evaluation and 2 studies (3%) conducted participatory evaluation. CONCLUSION The broad spectrum of process evaluation components addressed in co-creation studies, covering both the evaluation of the co-creation process and the intervention implementation, highlights the need for a process evaluation tailored to co-creation studies. This work provides an overview of process evaluation components, clustered in dimensions and reflections which researchers and practitioners can use to plan a process evaluation of a co-creation process and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janneke de Boer
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kunshan Goh
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Lauren McCaffrey
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Qingfan An
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aaron Davis
- UniSA Creative, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Teatske Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maite Verloigne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Maria Giné-Garriga
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
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Brandini DA, Carvalho de Souza Cantão AB, Levin L. Public health policies in dental traumatology: A call for action! Dent Traumatol 2024. [PMID: 38742753 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a prevalent public health concern, requiring preventive measures as well as timely and appropriate interventions to prevent adverse outcomes and optimize patients' prognosis. Although dental trauma injuries require prompt clinical intervention, some challenges persist in effectively managing these injuries. In dental traumatology, the implementation of public health policies assumes critical importance, these policies play an important role in addressing preventive measures and mitigating the repercussions of TDI. This review aims to emphasize the importance of developing comprehensive public health policies in dental traumatology, recognizing the strategic importance of this approach and its benefits. By proactively addressing issues associated with dental injuries, these policies have extensive implications for individual quality of life and public health in general. Furthermore, this review will present a suggested structured framework for the development of public health policies, encompassing key domains including prevention, intervention, and education in dental traumatology. The creation and implementation of these policies will address dental trauma through prevention programs, research, and development, and will provide a significant step toward enhancing the well-being of the population and dental trauma victims' prognosis promoting a more resilient healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Atili Brandini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Liran Levin
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Longworth GR, Erikowa-Orighoye O, Anieto EM, Agnello DM, Zapata-Restrepo JR, Masquillier C, Giné-Garriga M. Conducting co-creation for public health in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and key informant perspectives on implementation barriers and facilitators. Global Health 2024; 20:9. [PMID: 38233942 PMCID: PMC10795424 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-024-01014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in the use of co-creation for public health because of its claimed potential to increase an intervention's impact, spark change and co-create knowledge. Still, little is reported on its use in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This study offers a comprehensive overview of co-creation used in public-health-related interventions, including the interventions' characteristics, and reported implementation barriers and facilitators. METHODS We conducted a systematic review within the Scopus and PubMed databases, a Google Scholar search, and a manual search in two grey literature databases related to participatory research. We further conducted eight interviews with first authors, randomly selected from included studies, to validate and enrich the systematic review findings. RESULTS Through our review, we identified a total of twenty-two studies conducted in twenty-four LMIC countries. Majority of the interventions were designed directly within the LMIC setting. Aside from one, all studies were published between 2019 and 2023. Most studies adopted a co-creation approach, while some reported on the use of co-production, co-design, and co-development, combined either with community-based participatory research, participatory action research or citizen science. Among the most reported implementation barriers, we found the challenge of understanding and accounting for systemic conditions, such as the individual's socioeconomic status and concerns related to funding constraints and length of the process. Several studies described the importance of creating a safe space, relying on local resources, and involving existing stakeholders in the process from the development stage throughout, including future and potential implementors. High relevance was also given to the performance of a contextual and/or needs assessment and careful tailoring of strategies and methods. CONCLUSION This study provides a systematic overview of previously conducted studies and of reported implementation barriers and facilitators. It identifies implementation barriers such as the setting's systemic conditions, the socioeconomic status and funding constrains along with facilitators such as the involvement of local stakeholders and future implementors throughout, the tailoring of the process to the population of interest and participants and contextual assessment. By incorporating review and interview findings, the study aims to provide practical insights and recommendations for guiding future research and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ebuka Miracle Anieto
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| | | | - Jorge Raul Zapata-Restrepo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llul, Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Masquillier
- Family Medicine and Population Health'- FAMPOP, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences & 'Centre for Family, Population and Health, Faculty of Social sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Belgium
| | - Maria Giné-Garriga
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llul, Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
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Cénat JM, Dromer É, Darius WP, Dalexis RD, Furyk SE, Poisson H, Mansoub Bekarkhanech F, Diao DG, Gedeon AP, Shah MS, Labelle PR, Bernheim E, Kogan CS. Incidence, Racial Disparities and Factors Related to Psychosis among Black Individuals in Canada: A Scoping Review. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:713-731. [PMID: 37269120 PMCID: PMC10517652 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231178957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black communities are increasingly concerned about psychosis, a worry echoed by provincial health-care systems across Canada. Responding to the lack of evidence on psychosis in Black communities, this scoping review examined the incidence and prevalence of psychosis, access to care (pathways to care, coercive referrals, interventions, etc.), treatments received, and stigma faced by individuals with psychosis. METHOD To identify studies, a comprehensive search strategy was developed and executed in December 2021 across 10 databases, including APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Subject headings and keywords relating to Black communities, psychosis, health inequalities, Canada and its provinces and territories were used and combined. The scoping review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) reporting standard. RESULTS A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, all of them conducted in Ontario and Quebec. Results highlight different disparities in psychosis among Black communities. Compared to other Canadian ethnic groups, Black individuals are more likely to be diagnosed with psychosis. Black individuals with psychosis are more likely to have their first contact with health-care settings through emergency departments, to be referred by police and ambulance services, and to experience coercive referrals and interventions, and involuntary admission. Black individuals experience a lower quality of care and are the ethnic group most likely to disengage from treatment. CONCLUSION This scoping review reveals many gaps in research, prevention, promotion and intervention on psychosis in Black individuals in Canada. Future studies should explore factors related to age, gender, social and economic factors, interpersonal, institutional and systemic racism, and psychosis-related stigma. Efforts should be directed toward developing trainings for health-care professionals and promotion and prevention programs within Black communities. Culturally adapted interventions, racially disaggregated data, and increased research funding are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Élisabeth Dromer
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wina Paul Darius
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hannah Poisson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad S. Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Emmanuelle Bernheim
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Law, Civil Law Section, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canada Research Chair on Mental Health and Access to Justice, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cary S. Kogan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Le DD, Quashie NT, Brandt M, Ibuka Y. Wealth inequalities in physical and cognitive impairments across Japan and Europe: the role of health expenditure and infrastructure. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:123. [PMID: 37386627 PMCID: PMC10308628 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although prior research has provided insights into the association between country-level factors and health inequalities, key research gaps remain. First, most previous studies examine subjective rather than objective health measures. Second, the wealth dimension in health inequalities is understudied. Third, a handful of studies explicitly focus on older adults. To bridge these research gaps, this study measures wealth-related inequalities in physical and cognitive impairments and examines the extent to which welfare states moderate wealth inequalities in physical and cognitive impairments among older people across Japan and Europe. We utilized harmonized data on non-institutionalized individuals aged 50-75 from the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (N = 31,969 for physical impairments and 31,348 for cognitive impairments). Our multilevel linear regression analyses examined whether national public health spending and healthcare access resources explained cross-country differences in wealth inequalities in physical and cognitive impairments. We applied a concentration index to quantify the degree of wealth inequalities in impairments. The findings indicate that inequalities in both impairment outcomes favored wealthier individuals in all countries, but the magnitude of inequality varied by country. Furthermore, a higher share of public health spending, lower out-of-pocket expenditure, and higher investment in healthcare resources were associated with lower wealth inequalities, especially for physical impairments. Our findings suggest that different health interventions and policies may be needed to mitigate specific impairment inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung D Le
- Faculty of Economics, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8345, Japan
| | - Nekehia T Quashie
- Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Martina Brandt
- Faculty of Social Sciences, TU Dortmund, Emil Figge Str. 50, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yoko Ibuka
- Faculty of Economics, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8345, Japan.
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Caviedes-Bucheli J, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Lopez-Moncayo LF, Narvaez-Hidalgo A, Zambrano-Guerrero L, Gaviño-Orduña JF, Portigliatti R, Gomez-Sosa JF, Munoz HR. Use of scaffolds and regenerative materials for the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth with periapical lesion: Umbrella review. Int Endod J 2022; 55:967-988. [PMID: 35821587 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth with a periapical lesion is regenerative endodontics, which is based on tissue engineering under the triade of stem cells, scaffolds and bioactive molecules. OBJECTIVES This Umbrella Review was aimed to evaluate the success of scaffold and regenerative materials used for the treatment of these teeth, in terms of apical closure, tooth length increase, widening of root canal walls, tissue vitality and periapical lesion repair. METHODS An extensive literature research was carried out in the Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases for relevant systematic reviews matching the keyword search strategy. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, reviewers independently rated the quality of each study to determine their level of evidence. Methodological quality assessment of each article was obtained using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR)-2 tool, and risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) tool. RESULTS After removing duplicates, 155 articles were found; from which 133 were excluded for being non-relevant and 15 other due to exclusion criteria. One more was discarded after methodological quality evaluation, for a total of six articles remaining. The most common scaffold used was the blood clot, others used were poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and platelet-rich fibrin matrix. The most common regeneration material used was Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), followed by Biodentine. An increase in tooth length and widening of root canal walls were reported in all selected studies with different proportions, as well as periapical lesion repair. ROBIS analysis showed that only one article had low bias, two were classified as unclear bias, while the remaining three had high risk of bias. DISCUSSION An exhaustive literature search was carried out applying language filters, high-quality indexed journals, year of publication, which ensures the best quality articles were included. Blood clot was the most used scaffold as is the most easy to place inside the canal and does not require to extract blood from the patient. The use of MTA and Biodentine as sealing materials has been associated with thickening of canal walls, apical closure and reduced signs and symptoms of apical periodontitis. However, most of the included reviews assessed were case reports and only in a few of them were clinical trials included. There is also a lack of risk of bias analysis in most reviews. CONCLUSION The blood clot is the most common scaffold used for inducing regeneration during the treatment of immature necrotic teeth. Tooth length increase and widening of root canal walls are the most common criteria used in the studies as success indicators. MTA and Biodentine did not show differences in the results analysed. Quality assessment and bias risk evaluation showed that it is necessary to design better studies with rigorous methodology to recommend a trustable and predictable protocol for the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth with periapical lesions. REGISTRATION International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42021248404.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José F Gaviño-Orduña
- Odonto-Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose F Gomez-Sosa
- Endodontics Department, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Hugo R Munoz
- Endodontics Department, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Alderwick H, Hutchings A, Briggs A, Mays N. The impacts of collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations and factors shaping how they work: a systematic review of reviews. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:753. [PMID: 33874927 PMCID: PMC8054696 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policymakers in many countries promote collaboration between health care organizations and other sectors as a route to improving population health. Local collaborations have been developed for decades. Yet little is known about the impact of cross-sector collaboration on health and health equity. METHODS We carried out a systematic review of reviews to synthesize evidence on the health impacts of collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations, and to understand the factors affecting how these partnerships functioned. We searched four databases and included 36 studies (reviews) in our review. We extracted data from these studies and used Nvivo 12 to help categorize the data. We assessed risk of bias in the studies using standardized tools. We used a narrative approach to synthesizing and reporting the data. RESULTS The 36 studies we reviewed included evidence on varying forms of collaboration in diverse contexts. Some studies included data on collaborations with broad population health goals, such as preventing disease and reducing health inequalities. Others focused on collaborations with a narrower focus, such as better integration between health care and social services. Overall, there is little convincing evidence to suggest that collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations improves health outcomes. Evidence of impact on health services is mixed. And evidence of impact on resource use and spending are limited and mixed. Despite this, many studies report on factors associated with better or worse collaboration. We grouped these into five domains: motivation and purpose, relationships and cultures, resources and capabilities, governance and leadership, and external factors. But data linking factors in these domains to collaboration outcomes is sparse. CONCLUSIONS In theory, collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations might contribute to better population health. But we know little about which kinds of collaborations work, for whom, and in what contexts. The benefits of collaboration may be hard to deliver, hard to measure, and overestimated by policymakers. Ultimately, local collaborations should be understood within their macro-level political and economic context, and as one component within a wider system of factors and interventions interacting to shape population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Alderwick
- Health Foundation, 8 Salisbury Square, London, EC4Y 8AP UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH UK
| | - Andrew Hutchings
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH UK
| | - Adam Briggs
- Health Foundation, 8 Salisbury Square, London, EC4Y 8AP UK
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Nicholas Mays
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH UK
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Wallar LE, De Prophetis E, Rosella LC. Socioeconomic inequalities in hospitalizations for chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions: a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, 1990-2018. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:60. [PMID: 32366253 PMCID: PMC7197160 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalizations for chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions are an important indicator of health system equity and performance. Chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions refer to chronic diseases that can be managed in primary care settings, including angina, asthma, and diabetes, with hospitalizations for these conditions considered potentially avoidable with adequate primary care interventions. Socioeconomic inequities in the risk of hospitalization have been observed in several health systems globally. While there are multiple studies examining the association between socioeconomic status and hospitalizations for chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions, these studies have not been systematically reviewed. The objective of this study is to systematically identify and describe socioeconomic inequalities in hospitalizations for chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions amongst adult populations in economically developed countries reported in high-quality observational studies published in the peer-reviewed literature. METHODS Peer-reviewed literature was searched in six health and social science databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, ASSIA, and IBSS using search terms for hospitalization, socioeconomic status, and chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Study titles and abstracts were first screened followed by full-text review according to the following eligibility criteria: 1) Study outcome is hospitalization for selected chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions; 2) Primary exposure is individual- or area-level socioeconomic status; 3) Study population has a mean age ± 1 SD < 75 years of age; 4) Study setting is economically developed countries; and 5) Study type is observational. Relevant data was then extracted, and studies were critically appraised using appropriate tools from The Joanna Briggs Institute. Results were narratively synthesized according to socioeconomic constructs and type of adjustment (minimally versus fully adjusted). RESULTS Of the 15,857 unique peer-reviewed studies identified, 31 studies met the eligibility criteria and were of sufficient quality for inclusion. Socioeconomic constructs and hospitalization outcomes varied across studies. However, despite this heterogeneity, a robust and consistent association between lower levels of socioeconomic status and higher risk of hospitalizations for chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions was observed. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review is the first to comprehensively identify and analyze literature on the relationship between SES and hospitalizations for chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions, considering both aggregate and condition-specific outcomes that are common to several international health systems. The evidence consistently demonstrates that lower socioeconomic status is a risk factor for hospitalization across global settings. Effective health and social interventions are needed to reduce these inequities and ensure fair and adequate care across socioeconomic groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018088727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Wallar
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Eric De Prophetis
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Laura C Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.
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Questa K, Das M, King R, Everitt M, Rassi C, Cartwright C, Ferdous T, Barua D, Putnis N, Snell AC, Huque R, Newell J, Elsey H. Community engagement interventions for communicable disease control in low- and lower- middle-income countries: evidence from a review of systematic reviews. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:51. [PMID: 32252778 PMCID: PMC7137248 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community engagement (CE) interventions include a range of approaches to involve communities in the improvement of their health and wellbeing. Working with communities defined by location or some other shared interest, these interventions may be important in assisting equity and reach of communicable disease control (CDC) in low and lower-middle income countries (LLMIC). We conducted an umbrella review to identify approaches to CE in communicable disease control, effectiveness of these approaches, mechanisms and factors influencing success. Methods We included systematic reviews that: i) focussed on CE interventions; ii) involved adult community members; iii) included outcomes relevant to communicable diseases in LLMIC; iv) were written in English. Quantitative results were extracted and synthesised narratively. A qualitative synthesis process enabled identification of mechanisms of effect and influencing factors. We followed guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute, assessed quality with the DARE tool and reported according to standard systematic review methodology. Results Thirteen systematic reviews of medium-to-high quality were identified between June and July 2017. Reviews covered the following outcomes: HIV and STIs (6); malaria (2); TB (1); child and maternal health (3) and mixed (1). Approaches included: CE through peer education and community health workers, community empowerment interventions and more general community participation or mobilisation. Techniques included sensitisation with the community and involvement in the identification of resources, intervention development and delivery. Evidence of effectiveness of CE on health outcomes was mixed and quality of primary studies variable. We found: i) significantly reduced neonatal mortality following women’s participatory learning and action groups; ii) significant reductions in HIV and other STIs with empowerment and mobilisation interventions with marginalised groups; iii) significant reductions in malaria incidence or prevalence in a small number of primary studies; iv) significant reductions in infant diarrhoea following community health worker interventions. Mechanisms of impact commonly occurred through social and behavioural processes, particularly: changing social norms, increasing social cohesion and social capacity. Factors influencing effectiveness of CE interventions included extent of population coverage, shared leadership and community control over outcomes. Conclusion Community engagement interventions may be effective in supporting CDC in LLMIC. Careful design of CE interventions appropriate to context, disease and community is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Questa
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Room 1029, Level 10, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - M Das
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Room 1029, Level 10, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - R King
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Room 1029, Level 10, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK.
| | - M Everitt
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Room 1029, Level 10, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - C Rassi
- Malaria Consortium, London, UK
| | - C Cartwright
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Room 1029, Level 10, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | | | - D Barua
- ARK Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - N Putnis
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Room 1029, Level 10, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - A C Snell
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Room 1029, Level 10, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - R Huque
- ARK Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - J Newell
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Room 1029, Level 10, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - H Elsey
- University of York, York, UK
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10
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Naik Y, Baker P, Ismail SA, Tillmann T, Bash K, Quantz D, Hillier-Brown F, Jayatunga W, Kelly G, Black M, Gopfert A, Roderick P, Barr B, Bambra C. Going upstream - an umbrella review of the macroeconomic determinants of health and health inequalities. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1678. [PMID: 31842835 PMCID: PMC6915896 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social determinants of health have been widely recognised yet there remains a lack of clarity regarding what constitute the macro-economic determinants of health and what can be done to address them. An umbrella review of systematic reviews was conducted to identify the evidence for the health and health inequalities impact of population level macroeconomic factors, strategies, policies and interventions. METHODS Nine databases were searched for systematic reviews meeting the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) criteria using a novel conceptual framework. Studies were assessed for quality using a standardised instrument and a narrative overview of the findings is presented. RESULTS The review found a large (n = 62) but low quality systematic review-level evidence base. The results indicated that action to promote employment and improve working conditions can help improve health and reduce gender-based health inequalities. Evidence suggests that market regulation of tobacco, alcohol and food is likely to be effective at improving health and reducing inequalities in health including strong taxation, or restriction of advertising and availability. Privatisation of utilities and alcohol sectors, income inequality, and economic crises are likely to increase health inequalities. Left of centre governments and welfare state generosity may have a positive health impact, but evidence on specific welfare interventions is mixed. Trade and trade policies were found to have a mixed effect. There were no systematic reviews of the health impact of monetary policy or of large economic institutions such as central banks and regulatory organisations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide a simple yet comprehensive framework to support policy-makers and practitioners in addressing the macroeconomic determinants of health. Further research is needed in low and middle income countries and further reviews are needed to summarise evidence in key gaps identified by this review. TRIAL REGISTRATION Protocol for umbrella review prospectively registered with PROSPERO CRD42017068357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannish Naik
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett St, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
- University of Liverpool Department of Public Health and Policy, 3rd Floor, Whelan Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB UK
| | - Peter Baker
- Global Health and Development Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Sharif A. Ismail
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Reynolds Building, St Dunstans Road, London, W6 8RP UK
| | - Taavi Tillmann
- Centre for Global Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Kristin Bash
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Darryl Quantz
- NW School of Public Health, Health Education England North West, First Floor Regatta Place, Brunswick Business Park, Summers Road, Liverpool, L3 4BL UK
| | - Frances Hillier-Brown
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, 42 Old Elvet, Durham, DH1 3HN UK
| | - Wikum Jayatunga
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA UK
| | - Gill Kelly
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett St, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Michelle Black
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Anya Gopfert
- Junior Doctor and National Medical Director’s Fellow, London, UK
| | - Peter Roderick
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett St, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Ben Barr
- University of Liverpool Department of Public Health and Policy, 3rd Floor, Whelan Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB UK
| | - Clare Bambra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Building, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP UK
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Ciocanel O, Power K, Eriksen A. Interventions to Treat Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Sex Med 2019; 7:251-269. [PMID: 31300388 PMCID: PMC6728733 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual dysfunction in men is common, and optimal treatment is complex. Although several systematic reviews concerning treatment approaches exist, a comprehensive overview without limitations concerning the population, interventions, or outcomes is lacking. AIM To conduct a "review of reviews" to compare the effectiveness of pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and combined interventions. METHODS 9 electronic databases, relevant journals, and reference lists up to July 2018 were searched. For each intervention, only the most recent and comprehensive meta-analysis or systematic review was included. The methodologic quality of the reviews was appraised using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 tool. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Sexual functioning (via intravaginal ejaculatory latency time and international index of erectile function), sexual satisfaction, and adverse effects. RESULTS 30 systematic reviews were included. For premature ejaculation, several treatments, including oral pharmacotherapy (selective serotonin inhibitors, phosphodiesterase type 5 [PDE5] inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and opioid analgesics), topical anesthetics, and combined drug and behavioral therapies demonstrated significant improvements of 1-5 minutes in the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time. Pharmacologic interventions (PDE5 inhibitors, penile injection, and testosterone), shockwave therapy, lifestyle modifications, and combined therapies (PDE5 inhibitors and psychological intervention) were effective in treating erectile dysfunction. Most pharmacologic therapies were associated with adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS There is suggestive evidence that pharmacologic interventions or combined therapies are more effective than non-pharmacologic interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in men; however, a range of treatment options should be presented to individual patients so they may consider the risks and benefits of treatments differently. Evidence related to behavioral and psychological interventions is insufficient compared with that related to drug trials, highlighting the necessity for larger and better randomized controlled trials. Ciocanel O, Power K, Eriksen A. Interventions to Treat Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Sex Med 2019;7:251-269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Ciocanel
- Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Managed Care Network, Public Health Directory, NHS Tayside, Kings Cross Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Power
- Adult Psychological Therapies Service, NHS Tayside, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Eriksen
- Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Managed Care Network, Public Health Directory, NHS Tayside, Kings Cross Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last two decades, patient portals have emerged as a noticeable eHealth strategy. To date, research on patient portals has been rapidly increasing. Our umbrella review aims to provide a meta-level synthesis to make sense of the evidence on patient portals from published systematic reviews (SRs). METHODS We will employ a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute umbrella review method. The search strategy encompasses multiple databases. The inclusion criterion is specific to SRs focused on patient portal. Patients or public were not involved in this work. ANALYSIS Two researchers will independently screen titles/abstracts and then full-text articles against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Methodological quality of included reviews will be assessed and data will be extracted from the final selection of reviews. These reviews will be categorised into quantitative, qualitative and/or mixed-synthesis groups based on information about the design of primary studies provided in the reviews. Correspondingly, we will create quantitative, qualitative and/or mixed-synthesis Excel data-extraction tables. Within each table, data will be extracted with the reference to primary studies as reported in the reviews, and will be synthesised into themes and then a smaller number of findings/outcomes. Modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (CERQual) tools will be applied to assess the strength of evidence at the level of each finding/outcome. The output of our umbrella review will consist of summary of findings tables and evidence profile tables. A narrative meta-level synthesis will be provided. We will use the clinical adoption meta-model as an organising framework. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As an outcome of this review, we will create a guidance and roadmap to be used in a future Delphi study to gather feedback from Canadian eHealth stakeholders. We will also present at conferences and publish the final report. The umbrella review does not require ethical approval. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018096657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Petrovskaya
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Francis Lau
- School of Health Information Science, Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Marcy Antonio
- School of Health Information Science, Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Fusar-Poli P, Radua J. Ten simple rules for conducting umbrella reviews. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2018; 21:95-100. [PMID: 30006442 PMCID: PMC10270421 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2018-300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence syntheses such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide a rigorous and transparent knowledge base for translating clinical research into decisions, and thus they represent the basic unit of knowledge in medicine. Umbrella reviews are reviews of previously published systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Therefore, they represent one of the highest levels of evidence synthesis currently available, and are becoming increasingly influential in biomedical literature. However, practical guidance on how to conduct umbrella reviews is relatively limited. METHODS We present a critical educational review of published umbrella reviews, focusing on the essential practical steps required to produce robust umbrella reviews in the medical field. RESULTS The current manuscript discusses 10 key points to consider for conducting robust umbrella reviews. The points are: ensure that the umbrella review is really needed, prespecify the protocol, clearly define the variables of interest, estimate a common effect size, report the heterogeneity and potential biases, perform a stratification of the evidence, conduct sensitivity analyses, report transparent results, use appropriate software and acknowledge the limitations. We illustrate these points through recent examples from umbrella reviews and suggest specific practical recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The current manuscript provides a practical guidance for conducting umbrella reviews in medical areas. Researchers, clinicians and policy makers might use the key points illustrated here to inform the planning, conduction and reporting of umbrella reviews in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Thomson K, Hillier-Brown F, Todd A, McNamara C, Huijts T, Bambra C. The effects of public health policies on health inequalities in high-income countries: an umbrella review. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:869. [PMID: 30005611 PMCID: PMC6044092 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socio-economic inequalities are associated with unequal exposure to social, economic and environmental risk factors, which in turn contribute to health inequalities. Understanding the impact of specific public health policy interventions will help to establish causality in terms of the effects on health inequalities. METHODS Systematic review methodology was used to identify systematic reviews from high-income countries that describe the health equity effects of upstream public health interventions. Twenty databases were searched from their start date until May 2017. The quality of the included articles was determined using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool (AMSTAR). RESULTS Twenty-nine systematic reviews were identified reporting 150 unique relevant primary studies. The reviews summarised evidence of all types of primary and secondary prevention policies (fiscal, regulation, education, preventative treatment and screening) across seven public health domains (tobacco, alcohol, food and nutrition, reproductive health services, the control of infectious diseases, the environment and workplace regulations). There were no systematic reviews of interventions targeting mental health. Results were mixed across the public health domains; some policy interventions were shown to reduce health inequalities (e.g. food subsidy programmes, immunisations), others have no effect and some interventions appear to increase inequalities (e.g. 20 mph and low emission zones). The quality of the included reviews (and their primary studies) were generally poor and clear gaps in the evidence base have been highlighted. CONCLUSIONS The review does tentatively suggest interventions that policy makers might use to reduce health inequalities, although whether the programmes are transferable between high-income countries remains unclear. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42016025283.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Thomson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK
- Fuse – UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Frances Hillier-Brown
- Fuse – UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Durham University, 32 Old Elvet, Durham, DH1 3HN UK
| | - Adam Todd
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK
- Fuse – UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Courtney McNamara
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Building 9, Level 5, 7491 Dragvoll, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim Huijts
- Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht University, Tongersestraat 53, 6211 LM Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Clare Bambra
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK
- Fuse – UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Bambra C. First do no harm: developing interventions that combat addiction without increasing inequalities. Addiction 2018; 113:787-788. [PMID: 29314336 DOI: 10.1111/add.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Bambra
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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The impact of social expenditure on health inequalities in Europe. Soc Sci Med 2018; 200:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Naik Y, Baker P, Walker I, Tillmann T, Bash K, Quantz D, Hillier-Brown F, Bambra C. The macro-economic determinants of health and health inequalities-umbrella review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:222. [PMID: 29100497 PMCID: PMC5670527 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The economic determinants of health have been widely recognised as crucial factors affecting health; however, to date, no comprehensive review has been undertaken to summarise these factors and the ways in which they can influence health. We conceptualise the economy as a complex system made up of underlying approaches, regulation from institutions, markets, finance, labour, the public-private balance as well as production and distributional effects, which collectively impact on health through the effect of moderators. This protocol details the methods for an umbrella review to explore the macro-economic factors, strategies, policies and interventions that affect health outcomes and health inequalities. METHODS We will identify relevant systematic reviews using search terms derived from the Journal of Economic Literature classification. Reviews will be included if they meet the Database of Abstracts and Reviews of Effects criteria for systematic reviews. Reviews of studies with and without controls will be included; both association and intervention studies will be included. Primary outcomes will include but are not limited to morbidity, mortality, prevalence and incidence of conditions and life expectancy. Secondary outcomes will include health inequalities by gender, ethnicity or socio-economic status. Six databases will be searched using tailored versions of our piloted search strategy to locate relevant reviews. Data will be extracted using a standardized pro forma, and the findings will be synthesized into a conceptual framework to address our review aim. DISCUSSION Our umbrella review protocol provides a robust method to systematically appraise the evidence in this field, using new conceptual models derived specifically to address the study question. This will yield important information for policymakers, practitioners and researchers at the local, national and international level. It will also help set the future research agenda in this field and guide the development of interventions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This umbrella review protocol has been registered with PROSPERO CRD42017068357 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannish Naik
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences (LIHS), Level 10, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL UK
| | | | - Ian Walker
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Hillier-Brown F, Bambra C, Thomson K, Balaj M, Walton N, Todd A. The effects of community pharmacy public health interventions on population health and health inequalities: a systematic review of reviews protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:176. [PMID: 28854958 PMCID: PMC5577831 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacies have great potential to deliver services aimed at promoting health and preventing disease, and are embedded within communities. In the light of a rapid increase in community pharmacy-delivered public health services and an accompanying increase in the evidence base, this systematic review of reviews will synthesise systematic reviews of public health community pharmacy interventions and assess their effects on public health and health inequalities. METHODS/DESIGN Systematic review methodology will be used to identify all systematic reviews that describe the health and health equity effects of community pharmacy public health interventions. Twenty databases will be searched using a pre-determined search strategy to evaluate community pharmacy-delivered public health interventions. Findings from the included reviews will be pooled, and a narrative synthesis executed to identify overarching patterns and results. DISCUSSION Findings will support future decision-making around how community pharmacy public health services can be used alongside other strategies to promote health, prevent disease and reduce health inequalities. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017056264 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Hillier-Brown
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Clare Bambra
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Katie Thomson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Mirza Balaj
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dragvoll, Building 9, Level 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nick Walton
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Adam Todd
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK. .,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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Schepers J, Plaete J, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Annemans L, Simoens S. The insights of health and welfare professionals on hurdles that impede economic evaluations of welfare interventions. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2017; 17:421-429. [PMID: 28092210 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2017.1282316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four hurdles associated with economic evaluations in welfare interventions were identified and discussed in a previous published literature review. These hurdles include (i) 'Ignoring the impact of condition-specific outcomes', (ii) 'Ignoring the impact of QoL externalities', (iii) 'Calculation of costs from a too narrow perspective' and (iv) 'The lack of well-described & standardized interventions'. This study aims to determine how healthcare providers and social workers experience and deal with these hurdles in practice and what solutions or new insights they would suggest. METHODS Twenty-two professionals of welfare interventions carried out in Flanders, were interviewed about the four described hurdles using a semi-structured interview. A thematic framework was developed to enable the qualitative analysis. The analysis of the semi-structured interviews was facilitated through the use of the software program QRS NVivo 10. RESULTS The interviews revealed a clear need to tackle these hurdles. The interviewees confirmed that further study of condition-specific outcomes in economic evaluations are needed, especially in the field of mental health and stress. The proposed dimensions for the condition-specific questionnaires varied however between the groups of interviewees (i.e. general practitioners vs social workers). With respect to QoL externalities, the interviewees confirmed that welfare interventions have an impact on the social environment of the patient (friends and family). There was however no consensus on how this impact of QoL externalities should be taken into account in welfare interventions. Professionals also suggested that besides health care costs, the impact of welfare interventions on work productivity, the patients' social life and other items should be incorporated. Standardization appears to be of limited added value for most of the interviewees because they need a certain degree of freedom to interpret the intervention. Furthermore, the target population of the interventions is diverse which requires a tailor-made approach. CONCLUSION This qualitative research demonstrated that these hurdles occur in practice. The proposed solutions for these hurdles can contribute to the improvement of the methodological quality of economic evaluations of welfare interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schepers
- a Department of Public Health , UGent , Ghent , Belgium.,b Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - J Plaete
- c Department of Movement & Sports Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - I De Bourdeaudhuij
- c Department of Movement & Sports Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - L Annemans
- a Department of Public Health , UGent , Ghent , Belgium
| | - S Simoens
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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