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Fu ZW, Wang KL, Du NY, Li YJ, Duan JJ, Zhao SX. Comparative study on emotional behavior and parental job stress of only-child and non-only-child preschool children. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4642-4651. [PMID: 39070806 PMCID: PMC11235493 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i21.4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that Children's psychological, behavioral, and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment. In recent years, the family structure in China has undergone significant changes, with more families having two or three children. AIM To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children. METHODS Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and non-only child groups. Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared. Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age (difference less than or equal to 6 months), and the matched data were compared. The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents' job stress before and after matching was analyzed. RESULTS Before matching, the mother's occupation, children's personality characteristics, and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups (P < 0.05). After matching 550 pairs, differences in the children's parenting styles remained. There were significant differences in children's gender and parents' attitudes toward children between the two groups. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group (P < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that after matching, there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents' attitudes toward their children (r = 0.096, P < 0.01), and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender, parents' attitudes toward their children, and SDQ scores (r = 0.077, 0.193, 0.172, 0.222). CONCLUSION Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families. Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors, and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Fu
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kai-Li Wang
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning-Yu Du
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yue-Jing Li
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Duan
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xia Zhao
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Beck A, Dryburgh N, Bennett A, Shaver N, Esmaeilisaraji L, Skidmore B, Patten S, Bragg H, Colman I, Goldfield GS, Nicholls SG, Pajer K, Meeder R, Vasa P, Shea BJ, Brouwers M, Little J, Moher D. Screening for depression in children and adolescents in primary care or non-mental health settings: a systematic review update. Syst Rev 2024; 13:48. [PMID: 38291528 PMCID: PMC10829174 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from childhood to adolescence is associated with an increase in rates of some psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, a debilitating mood disorder. The aim of this systematic review is to update the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for depression in primary care and non-mental health clinic settings among children and adolescents. METHODS This review is an update of a previous systematic review, for which the last search was conducted in 2017. We searched Ovid MEDLINE® ALL, Embase Classic+Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL on November 4, 2019, and updated on February 19, 2021. If no randomized controlled trials were found, we planned to conduct an additional search for non-randomized trials with a comparator group. For non-randomized trials, we applied a non-randomized controlled trial filter and searched the same databases except for Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 2015 to February 2021. We also conducted a targeted search of the gray literature for unpublished documents. Title and abstract, and full-text screening were completed independently by pairs of reviewers. RESULTS In this review update, we were unable to find any randomized controlled studies that satisfied our eligibility criteria and evaluated the potential benefits and harms of screening for depression in children and adolescents. Additionally, a search for non-randomized trials yielded no studies that met the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review indicate a lack of available evidence regarding the potential benefits and harms of screening for depression in children and adolescents. This absence of evidence emphasizes the necessity for well-conducted clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of depression screening among children and adolescents in primary care and non-mental health clinic settings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020150373 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Beck
- Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Dryburgh
- Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandria Bennett
- Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nicole Shaver
- Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leila Esmaeilisaraji
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Becky Skidmore
- Independent Information Specialist, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Patten
- Department of Community Health Services and Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Bragg
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Out-Patient Mental Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kathleen Pajer
- Department of Psychiatry, uOttawa Faculty of Medicine Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Meeder
- Department of Pediatrics, Orillia Soldiers Memorial Hospital, Orillia, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priya Vasa
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beverley J Shea
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Brouwers
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Xiang AH, Lin JC, Chow T, Martinez MP, Negriff S, Page KA, McConnell R, Carter SA. Types of diabetes during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety in offspring from childhood to young adulthood. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:224-232. [PMID: 37823225 PMCID: PMC10962903 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess maternal pre-existing type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety from childhood to young adulthood in offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS This birth cohort included singletons born during 1995-2015, followed using electronic medical records through 2020. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of depression or anxiety diagnosis during follow-up associated with in-utero exposure to maternal diabetes. RESULTS Among 439 590 offspring, 29 891 (6.8%) had depression and 51 918 (11.8%) had anxiety. T1D, followed by T2D and GDM requiring antidiabetes medication were associated with risk of depression and anxiety in offspring. Compared with no diabetes during pregnancy, the adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval) of depression in offspring associated with T1D, T2D or GDM requiring medications were 1.44 (1.09-1.91), 1.30 (1.15-1.47) and 1.18 (1.11-1.26) respectively; conversely, HRs were 0.97 (0.82-1.15) for T2D and 0.99 (0.94-1.04) for GDM without medications. The associations with anxiety followed similar patterns. The significant associations were observed for offspring ages 5-12 and >12-18 years and attenuated for 18-25 years. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the severity of diabetes (T1D vs. T2D requiring medications vs. GDM requiring medications) during pregnancy may increase the vulnerability of offspring for depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Jane C. Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Mayra P. Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Sonya Negriff
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Kathleen A. Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah A. Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Díez-Gómez A, Pérez-Albéniz A, Al-Halabí S, Lucas-Molina B, Debbané M. Youth screening depression: Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in a representative sample of adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115486. [PMID: 37738682 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression symptoms and mood disorders constitute one of the major public health challenges among youths. Thus, early prevention and intervention for depression should be a priority. The main goal of the present study was to validate the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores in a school-based sample of non-clinical adolescents. METHOD Stratified random sampling was conducted. Participants were 2235 students (M = 14.49, SD =1.76, range= 12-18 years), 52.9 % were female, from 34 secondary schools in Spain. Several previously validated self-reported questionnaires of mental health and psychopathology were administrated. RESULTS The unidimensional factorial model of the PHQ-9 items showed adequate goodness of fit indices. Strong measurement invariance across gender was found. Omega for the PHQ-9 total score was 0.87. The PHQ-9 total score was positively associated with anxiety symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems, and negatively associated with prosocial behavior and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The PHQ-9 is a brief, easy, and reliable tool for assessing self-reported depressive symptoms in both clinical and school settings. PHQ-9 may be used as a screening tool for universal early detection and monitorization of depression symptoms during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Debbané
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
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Korczak DJ, Westwell-Roper C, Sassi R. Diagnostic et traitement de la dépression à l’adolescence. CMAJ 2023; 195:E1050-E1058. [PMID: 37580075 PMCID: PMC10426345 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.220966-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Korczak
- Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Hôpital pour enfants malades; Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Faculté de médecine Temerty, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Département de psychiatrie (Westwell-Roper, Sassi), Faculté de médecine, Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.
| | - Clara Westwell-Roper
- Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Hôpital pour enfants malades; Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Faculté de médecine Temerty, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Département de psychiatrie (Westwell-Roper, Sassi), Faculté de médecine, Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B
| | - Roberto Sassi
- Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Hôpital pour enfants malades; Département de psychiatrie (Korczak), Faculté de médecine Temerty, Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Département de psychiatrie (Westwell-Roper, Sassi), Faculté de médecine, Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhao J. A qualitative study of the reasons for delayed medical treatment in adolescents with depression based on the health ecology model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1124397. [PMID: 37559744 PMCID: PMC10407104 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a prevalent mental health issue among adolescents, and timely treatment can prevent it from worsening. However, many adolescent depressed patients delay seeking medical treatment. To clarify the reasons for delayed medical treatment in adolescent depressed patients and to provide reference to help adolescent depressed patients to seek medical treatment on time. Methods From July 2022 to March 2023, a semi-structured interview was conducted using a purposive sampling method with adolescent depressed patients attending the Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 adolescent depression inpatients with delayed access to medical care were finally included as the study population. This study applied the phenomenological research method in qualitative research and used the Colaizzi seven-step data analysis method to analyze and refine the interview data. Results The study found that 22 adolescents with depression delayed medical care for 1-6 years, with a mean of 2.86 years. Six themes were identified as the reasons for delayed medical treatment: (1) inadequate levels of mental health literacy; (2) lack of disease-related knowledge and information; (3) negative emotional experiences; (4) negative attitudes toward health care; (5) inadequate medical insurance policy for psychotherapy; (6) unequal distribution of resources for mental health medical services. Conclusion The phenomenon of delayed medical treatment for adolescent depression patients should not be ignored. Efforts should be made to explore the trajectory of delayed illness in adolescents with depression, improve patient symptom assessment, improve poor patient experience, promote positive patient behavior, and improve the current situation of delayed medical treatment for adolescent depression patients through the joint efforts of individuals, families, schools, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Ye Z, Wu D, He X, Ma Q, Peng J, Mao G, Feng L, Tong Y. Meta-analysis of the relationship between bullying and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:215. [PMID: 36997959 PMCID: PMC10061722 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractChildhood and adolescence are critical periods for physical and mental development; thus, they are high-risk periods for the occurrence of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the association between bullying and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE and other databases to identify studies related to bullying behavior and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. A total of 31 studies were included, with a total sample size of 133,688 people. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the risk of depression in children and adolescents who were bullied was 2.77 times higher than that of those who were not bullied; the risk of depression in bullying individuals was 1.73 times higher than that in nonbullying individuals; and the risk of depression in individuals who bullied and experienced bullying was 3.19 times higher than that in nonbullying-bullied individuals. This study confirmed that depression in children and adolescents was significantly associated with being bullied, bullying, and bullying-bullied behavior. However, these findings are limited by the quantity and quality of the included studies and need to be confirmed by future studies.
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Tien N, Wu TY, Lai JN, Lin CL, Hsiao YC, Khaw JY, Lim YP. Influences of antidepressant medications on the risk of developing hyperlipidemia in patients with depression by a population-based cohort study and on in vitro hepatic lipogenic-related gene expression. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:271-283. [PMID: 34482059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The association between antidepressant medications (ADMs) and CVD remains controversial. Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for CVD. We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to examine depression and ADM use on the risk of developing hyperlipidemia. The effects of ADMs on the expression of lipogenesis-related hepatic genes were also evaluated. METHODS We obtained data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan on patients with new-onset depression and a comparison cohort without depression. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the differences in the risk of developing hyperlipidemia between these two cohorts. We also examined the influence of ADMs on the expression of lipogenesis-related hepatic genes. RESULTS After adjustment for comorbidities and confounding factors, the case group (N = 38,322) had a higher risk for hyperlipidemia than that of the control cohort (N = 38,322) [adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) =1.16]. Patients with depression who did not receive ADM therapy exhibited a significantly higher risk of hyperlipidemia (aHR = 1.61). However, in patients with depression treated with ADMs, the risk of developing hyperlipidemia was significantly lowered compared to the patients without ADMs (all aHR < 0.81). Gene expression analysis indicated that ADMs downregulated the expression of lipogenesis-related hepatic genes. LIMITATIONS Unmeasured confounding risk factors for hyperlipidemia might not have been included in the study. CONCLUSIONS ADMs reduced hyperlipidemia risk in patients with depression, partly by downregulating the expression of lipogenesis-related genes and improving the patients' lipid profiles. Early diagnosis and management of hyperlipidemia would further facilitate the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Yee Khaw
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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