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Crawford AD, Salisbury EJ, McGrath JM. An intervention development study of an mHealth app to manage women's health and safety while on probation. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 38771509 PMCID: PMC11106979 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preliminary studies have suggested that women are responsive to using technology to manage their health, due to its discreet, convenient, and cost-effective nature. Yet, there are limited mobile health (mHealth) apps specific to women's needs, particularly those on probation. The purpose of this study was to explore features of 2 existing mHealth applications related to sexual health and safety, specific to interpersonal and sexual violence, to answer research questions related to the usability, barriers, and facilitators of mHealth app use for women on probation. SUBJECTS We purposefully sampled from a local adult probation site and utilized snow-ball sampling to recruit 11 women who were on probation and owned iPhones. METHODS We conducted an exploratory intervention development study using a qualitative design. Social Cognitive Theory was used for data synthesize and organization. FINDINGS Three themes emerged: (1) It made me take time for myself; (2) It helped me to be more respectful of my body; (3) The connectivity….that was helpful. MAJOR IMPLICATIONS Participants expressed mHealth apps to be usable, feasible, accessible and promoted self-efficacy by allowing them track symptoms and patterns of behavior specific to health and safety in a discreet, convenient, and effective manner. This research suggests that a culturally tailored mHealth app may be an appropriate intervention to provide timely gender-responsive feedback, resources, and health care to women on probation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison D Crawford
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Emily J Salisbury
- College of Social Work, The University of Utah, 395 1500 E., Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jacqueline M McGrath
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Graves BD, Fendrich M. Community-based substance use treatment programs for reentering justice-involved adults: A scoping review. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2024; 10:100221. [PMID: 38425420 PMCID: PMC10901914 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction For adults involved with the criminal justice system who are reentering their communities post-incarceration, there is a large need for community-based substance use treatment. Little is known, however, about the types, availability, and benefits of programs targeting the reentry population in community settings that operate independently from the criminal justice system. Methods We conducted a scoping review of community-based treatment programs for substance use among reentering justice-involved adults to examine the contemporary state of literature and identify research gaps. We searched four databases for peer-reviewed articles conducted in the United States and published between 2017 and 2021. Results The final sample included 58 articles. Interventions varied, but the two most prominent were medications for opioid use disorder (35%) and peer support or social support interventions (22.4%). Studies were more likely to show positive impact on substance use outcomes than criminal justice outcomes. Themes were identified around participant characteristics, treatment delivery, and treatment benefits. Conclusions Findings from this scoping review suggest that the range of evidence-based strategies for substance use treatment targeting the reentry population is growing, but there is a need for additional research that examines implementation, cost effectiveness, and racial/ethnic disparities.
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Crawford AD, Ricks TN, Polinard E, Abbyad CW. What is Known About Reproductive Autonomy Among Justice-Involved Black Women?: A Scoping Review. J Transcult Nurs 2023; 34:375-388. [PMID: 37431805 DOI: 10.1177/10436596231183180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are approximately 231,000 women detained daily within the nation's jail and prison systems with women of color making up nearly half of those experiencing incarceration. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the literature on the reproductive autonomy of Black women influenced by incarceration, using the three tenets of reproductive justice. METHODS We searched PubMed, CINAHL, SocINDEX, and PsycINFO for research related to reproductive justice written in English and published in the United States from 1980 to 2022. A review of 440 article titles and abstracts yielded 32 articles for full-text review; nine articles met inclusion. RESULTS Eight addressed Tenet 1; five mentioned Tenet 2; none addressed Tenet 3. Recognition of the influence of incarceration on the reproductive autonomy of Black women is limited. CONCLUSION The findings from this review suggest a need to address (a) reproductive choice, (b) support goals, and (c) support of justice-involved Black women.
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Russell C, Pang M, Nafeh F, Farrell Macdonald S, Derkzen D, Rehm J, Fischer B. Barriers and facilitators to opioid agonist treatment (OAT) engagement among individuals released from federal incarceration into the community in Ontario, Canada. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2094111. [PMID: 35787743 PMCID: PMC9258049 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2094111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Correctional populations with opioid use disorder experience increased health risks during community transition periods. Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) can reduce these risks, but retention is a key challenge. This study addresses a knowledge gap by describing facilitators and barriers to OAT engagement among federal correctional populations released into the community in Ontario, Canada. Methods This article describes results from a longitudinal mixed-methods study examining OAT transition experiences among thirty-five individuals released from federal incarceration in Ontario, Canada. Assessments were completed within one year of participants’ release. Data were thematically analyzed. Results The majority (77%) of participants remained engaged in OAT, however, 69% had their release suspended and 49% returned to custody. Key facilitators for OAT engagement included flexibility, positive staff rapport, and structure. Fragmented OAT transitions, financial OAT coverage, balancing reintegration requirements, logistical challenges, and inaccessibility of ‘take-home’ OAT medications were common barriers. Conclusions Post-incarceration transition periods are critical for OAT retention, yet individuals in Ontario experience barriers to OAT engagement that contribute to treatment disruptions and related risks such as relapse and/or re-incarceration. Additional measures to support community OAT transitions are required, including improved discharge planning, amendments to OAT and financial coverage policies, and an expansion of OAT options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayley Russell
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Pang
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frishta Nafeh
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dena Derkzen
- Policy Sector, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction (CARMHA), Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Wennerstrom A, Sugarman OK, Page KM, Whittington A, Martin D, Reilly B, Bachhuber MA. Mixed Method Evaluation of Louisiana's Prerelease Medicaid Enrollment Program, 2017-2019. Med Care 2022; 60:512-518. [PMID: 35471484 PMCID: PMC9357425 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 600,000 people leave US prisons annually. Many are eligible for Medicaid upon release but may need support to enroll. Carceral facilities in nearly half of states have implemented systems to facilitate Medicaid access for those leaving incarceration, but there is limited information on program implementation models or outcomes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate implementation and initial outcomes of Louisiana's prison-based Prerelease Medicaid Enrollment Program. METHODS In this mixed-methods study, we assessed enrollment in Louisiana Medicaid at time of release from prison in the 2 years (2017-2018) after Program implementation, as well as reasons for Medicaid closure (ie, loss of coverage) and health services use 6 months postrelease. In May-June 2019, we conducted interviews statewide with program implementers (n=16) and focus groups in New Orleans, Louisiana with formerly incarcerated Program participants (n=16). RESULTS A total of 4476 people were included in the quantitative analysis. There was a 34.3 (95% confidence interval: 20.7-47.9) percentage point increase in Medicaid enrollment upon release. Nearly all (98.6%) attended at least 1 outpatient visit and almost half (46.7%) had 1 emergency department visit within 6 months of release. Not responding to information requests was the most common reason for Medicaid closure. Program implementers and formerly incarcerated participants identified Program strengths, barriers, and suggestions for improvement. CONCLUSIONS The program was successful in rapidly increasing Medicaid enrollment at the time of prison release and facilitating the use of health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Wennerstrom
- Department of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—New Orleans, School of Public Health, New Orleans
| | - Olivia K. Sugarman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—New Orleans, School of Public Health, New Orleans
| | - Karissa M. Page
- Bureau of Health Services Financing, Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge
| | - Angel Whittington
- College of Pharmacy, Office of Outcomes Research & Evaluation, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe
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From the challenge of assessing autonomy to the instruments used in practice: A scoping review. Porto Biomed J 2022; 7:e153. [PMID: 36186121 PMCID: PMC9521790 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomy is one of the essential components to live a quality life. Monitoring this autonomy is, in effect, essential, to allow the nurses to conceive, implement and evaluate interventions aimed at its promotion or even maintenance. For this reason, this scoping review aims to map the evidence to identify and analyze the instruments used to assess the person’s autonomy, which emerges from scientific production.
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Scheidell JD, Dyer TV, Knittel AK, Caniglia EC, Thorpe LE, Troxel AB, Lejuez CW, Khan MR. Incarceration and Subsequent Pregnancy Loss: Exploration of Sexually Transmitted Infections as Mediating Pathways. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:242-251. [PMID: 34061656 PMCID: PMC8864438 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Incarceration is linked to risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI) postrelease among women. There has been little examination of incarceration's association with related sexual and reproductive outcomes such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and pregnancy loss, or the role of STI in this relationship and whether these relationships differ between Black and White women. Methods: Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examined cross-sectional associations between incarceration (Wave IV; 2007-2008; ages 24-34) and history of STI and PID (n = 5,968), and longitudinal associations between incarceration and later pregnancy loss in mid-adulthood (Wave V; 2016-2018; ages 34-43) among women who had ever been pregnant (n = 2,353); we estimated racial differences. Using causal mediation, we explored whether STI mediated associations with pregnancy loss. Results: Incarceration was associated with a history of STI (White adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-2.06; Black APR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.56); the association between incarceration and PID was null among White women (APR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.47-2.09) and elevated among Black women (APR: 2.82, 95% CI 1.36-5.83). Prior incarceration did not appear associated with pregnancy loss among White women (APR: 1.01, 95% CI 0.70-1.45), but was associated among Black women (APR: 1.38, 95% CI: 0.97-1.97), with STI appearing to partially mediate. Conclusions: Pregnancy loss may be elevated among Black women who have been incarcerated, and incarceration-related increases in STI may account for some of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy D. Scheidell
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Address correspondence to: Joy D. Scheidell, PhD, MPH, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, Office 624, New York, NY 6402, USA
| | - Typhanye V. Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea K. Knittel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen C. Caniglia
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorna E. Thorpe
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea B. Troxel
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carl W. Lejuez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria R. Khan
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Johnson KA, Hunt T, Puglisi LB, Maeng D, Epa-Llop A, Elumn JE, Nguyen A, Leung A, Chen R, Shah Z, Wang J, Johnson R, Chapman BP, Gilbert L, El-Bassel N, Morse DS. Trauma, Mental Health Distress, and Infectious Disease Prevention Among Women Recently Released From Incarceration. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:867445. [PMID: 35693964 PMCID: PMC9186377 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.867445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND U.S. women recently released from incarceration experience significantly higher rates of trauma and exacerbation of mental health conditions, and the period following release has been identified as a window of heightened risk for mental health distress and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted infections (STI) and hepatitis C (HCV) transmissions. Despite these vulnerabilities, and an urgent need for supports, optimal engagement strategies remain unclear. WORTH Transitions is a program made up of two evidence-based interventions focused on improving the health of women returning to the community from incarceration with substance use disorders. Combining the two was designed to reduce HIV/STIs/HCV risks and increase overall health treatment engagement using a community health worker led intervention. METHODS We examined associations between trauma, mental health symptomology, and HIV/STI/HCV outcomes among women who engaged in the WORTH Transitions intervention (N = 206) Specifically, bivariate and longitudinal multivariate models were created to examine associations between trauma and mental health distress (defined as depressive and PTSD symptoms), on (1) types of engagement in HIV/STIs/HCV prevention and behavioral health services; and (2) HIV/STIs/HCV risk outcomes. The women who engaged in the intervention were 18 years and older and some were White, Black and other racial or ethnic minority. RESULTS PTSD symptomology and being a Black or indigenous woman of color was significantly (p = 0.014) associated with individual or group session engagement. Neither trauma nor PTSD symptoms were associated with higher HIV/STIs/HCV risks. Instead, relative to those who did not engage in HIV/STI/HCV risky behaviors, PTSD symptomology (p = 0.040) was associated with more than 3-fold increase in the probability of being lost to follow up (relative risk ratio = 3.722). CONCLUSION Given the impact of PTSD-related symptoms on driving both engagement in HIV/STIs/HCV prevention services and intervention attrition among women leaving incarceration, physical and behavioral health interventions must be both overtly trauma- and mental health-informed. As was the case with WORTH Transitions, physical and behavioral health services for this population must include intentional and active support of the forms of treatment participants endorse to ensure maximal engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Johnson
- University of Alabama School of Social Work, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Timothy Hunt
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa B Puglisi
- SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Daniel Maeng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Amali Epa-Llop
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Johanna E Elumn
- SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Antoinette Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ashley Leung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zainab Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin P Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nabila El-Bassel
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States
| | - Diane S Morse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
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Hoadley A, Bass SB, Brujaha J, D'Avanzo PA, Kelly PJ. Healthcare beliefs, health information seeking, and healthcare setting preferences among women who inject drugs by community supervision status. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2021; 9:10. [PMID: 33864163 PMCID: PMC8052650 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women on community supervision who inject drugs have significant unmet healthcare needs. However, it remains unclear how the intersection of community supervision and injection drug use influences healthcare experiences and service setting preferences. The present study examines whether the intersection of community supervision and injection drug use is associated with differences in women's healthcare beliefs, healthcare experiences, and service setting preferences. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted on a previously collected sample of women who inject drugs recruited from a syringe exchange and social service organization for a cross-sectional survey. Participants (N = 64) were mostly White (75%), and more than a quarter were currently on probation or parole (26%). RESULTS Independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests revealed no significant differences on sociodemographic variables by community supervision status. There were no significant differences by community supervision status across seven indicators of healthcare confidence (ps > .05). However, results revealed significant differences in past experiences and beliefs about healthcare, health information seeking, and healthcare setting preferences by community supervision status (ps < .05), where women on community supervision less frequently sought health information and medical care outside of emergency departments. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide preliminary evidence about differences in the healthcare experiences and setting preferences of women who inject drugs on community supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Hoadley
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Ninth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Ninth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Sarah Bauerle Bass
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Ninth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Ninth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Jesse Brujaha
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Ninth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Paul A D'Avanzo
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Ninth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Ninth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Patrick J Kelly
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Ninth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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Johnson K. The Increased Risk for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Substance-Using and Depressed Women in the Legal System. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE, SCIENCE AND THE HUMANITIES 2021; 11:225-250. [PMID: 36818208 PMCID: PMC9930520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in Alabama's Black Belt Counties to examine the association between household food insecurity and self-reported health status. Data were collected from 400 households to measure household food insecurity and self-reported general health status using the U.S. Food Security Module. In bivariate analyses, household food insecurity was Policy changes to increase economic resources and access to federal food programs are needed to reduce household food insecurity in this region. Gendered experiences in the context of consequences of poverty should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Johnson
- University of Alabama, Little Hall, 670 Judy Bonner Drive, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, ph: (718) 709-1907, fax: 205-348-9419,
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Shalaby RAH, Agyapong VIO. Peer Support in Mental Health: Literature Review. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e15572. [PMID: 32357127 PMCID: PMC7312261 DOI: 10.2196/15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing gap has emerged between people with mental illness and health care professionals, which in recent years has been successfully closed through the adoption of peer support services (PSSs). Peer support in mental health has been variously defined in the literature and is simply known as the help and support that people with lived experience of mental illness or a learning disability can give to one another. Although PSSs date back to several centuries, it is only in the last few decades that these services have formally evolved, grown, and become an integral part of the health care system. Debates around peer support in mental health have been raised frequently in the literature. Although many authors have emphasized the utmost importance of incorporating peer support into the health care system to instill hope; to improve engagement, quality of life, self-confidence, and integrity; and to reduce the burden on the health care system, other studies suggest that there are neutral effects from integrating PSSs into health care systems, with a probable waste of resources. OBJECTIVE In this general review, we aimed to examine the literature, exploring the evolution, growth, types, function, generating tools, evaluation, challenges, and the effect of PSSs in the field of mental health and addiction. In addition, we aimed to describe PSSs in different, nonexhaustive contexts, as shown in the literature, that aims to draw attention to the proposed values of PSSs in such fields. METHODS The review was conducted through a general search of the literature on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, Chemical Abstracts, and PsycINFO. Search terms included peer support, peer support in mental health, social support, peer, family support, and integrated care. RESULTS There is abundant literature defining and describing PSSs in different contexts as well as tracking their origins. Two main transformational concepts have been described, namely, intentional peer support and transformation from patients to peer support providers. The effects of PSSs are extensive and integrated into different fields, such as forensic PSSs, addiction, and mental health, and in different age groups and mental health condition severity. Satisfaction of and challenges to PSS integration have been clearly dependent on a number of factors and consequently impact the future prospect of this workforce. CONCLUSIONS There is an internationally growing trend to adopt PSSs within addiction and mental health services, and despite the ongoing challenges, large sections of the current literature support the inclusion of peer support workers in the mental health care workforce. The feasibility and maintenance of a robust PSS in health care would only be possible through collaborative efforts and ongoing support and engagement from all health care practitioners, managers, and other stakeholders.
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Finlay A, Binswanger I, Timko C. Introduction to the special issue. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2020; 15:5. [PMID: 32019590 PMCID: PMC7001374 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-020-0182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue of Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, "Addiction treatment access and utilization among criminal justice involved populations", presents a series of articles on substance use disorder treatment access and utilization by people who have contact with the criminal justice system (e.g., jails, prisons, and courts). Despite the high prevalence of substance use disorders among people who experience these settings, evidence-based treatment for substance use disorders may be unavailable and/or care may be fragmented during transitions between settings. Articles in this special issue address several gaps in the literature and present a conceptual model of opioid overdose risk, the results of a randomized controlled trial to increase treatment uptake and retention during and after incarceration, descriptions of barriers to treatment after release from incarceration, and data from nationally representative surveys of substance use disorders and treatment use among people who have been involved in the criminal justice system. Importantly, the voices of people with lived experience in the criminal justice system were incorporated in two manuscripts. Together these articles advance our understanding of how to improve care coordination and expansion of services across systems and organizations to prevent overdose, improve treatment utilization, and ultimately, improve health outcomes among criminal justice involved populations in the United States who have substance use disorders or use substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Finlay
- Center for Innovation To Implementation (Ci2i), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (MPD-152), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Ingrid Binswanger
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
- Colorado Permanente Medical Group, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christine Timko
- Center for Innovation To Implementation (Ci2i), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (MPD-152), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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