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Lyzwinski LN, Elgendi M, Menon C. Users' Acceptability and Perceived Efficacy of mHealth for Opioid Use Disorder: Scoping Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e49751. [PMID: 38602751 PMCID: PMC11046395 DOI: 10.2196/49751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid crisis continues to pose significant challenges to global public health, necessitating the development of novel interventions to support individuals in managing their substance use and preventing overdose-related deaths. Mobile health (mHealth), as a promising platform for addressing opioid use disorder, requires a comprehensive understanding of user perspectives to minimize barriers to care and optimize the benefits of mHealth interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to synthesize qualitative insights into opioid users' acceptability and perceived efficacy of mHealth and wearable technologies for opioid use disorder. METHODS A scoping review of PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify research on opioid user perspectives concerning mHealth-assisted interventions, including wearable sensors, SMS text messaging, and app-based technology. RESULTS Overall, users demonstrate a high willingness to engage with mHealth interventions to prevent overdose-related deaths and manage opioid use. Users perceive mHealth as an opportunity to access care and desire the involvement of trusted health care professionals in these technologies. User comfort with wearing opioid sensors emerged as a significant factor. Personally tailored content, social support, and encouragement are preferred by users. Privacy concerns and limited access to technology pose barriers to care. CONCLUSIONS To maximize benefits and minimize risks for users, it is crucial to implement robust privacy measures, provide comprehensive user training, integrate behavior change techniques, offer professional and peer support, deliver tailored messages, incorporate behavior change theories, assess readiness for change, design stigma-reducing apps, use visual elements, and conduct user-focused research for effective opioid management in mHealth interventions. mHealth demonstrates considerable potential as a tool for addressing opioid use disorder and preventing overdose-related deaths, given the high acceptability and perceived benefits reported by users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Nathalie Lyzwinski
- Menrva Research Group, School of Mechatronics Systems Engineering and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Elgendi
- ETH Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology Lab, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Menon
- Menrva Research Group, School of Mechatronics Systems Engineering and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- ETH Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology Lab, Zurich, Switzerland
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King VL, Siegel G, Priesmeyer HR, Siegel LH, Potter JS. Development and Evaluation of a Digital App for Patient Self-Management of Opioid Use Disorder: Usability, Acceptability, and Utility Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e48068. [PMID: 38557501 PMCID: PMC11019416 DOI: 10.2196/48068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-management of opioid use disorder (OUD) is an important component of treatment. Many patients receiving opioid agonist treatment in methadone maintenance treatment settings benefit from counseling treatments to help them improve their recovery skills but have insufficient access to these treatments between clinic appointments. In addition, many addiction medicine clinicians treating patients with OUD in a general medical clinic setting do not have consistent access to counseling referrals for their patients. This can lead to decreases in both treatment retention and overall progress in the patient's recovery from substance misuse. Digital apps may help to bridge this gap by coaching, supporting, and reinforcing behavioral change that is initiated and directed by their psychosocial and medical providers. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct an acceptability, usability, and utility pilot study of the KIOS app to address these clinical needs. METHODS We developed a unique, patient-centered computational software system (KIOS; Biomedical Development Corporation) to assist in managing OUD in an outpatient, methadone maintenance clinic setting. KIOS tracks interacting self-reported symptoms (craving, depressed mood, anxiety, irritability, pain, agitation or restlessness, difficulty sleeping, absenteeism, difficulty with usual activities, and conflicts with others) to determine changes in both the trajectory and severity of symptom patterns over time. KIOS then applies a proprietary algorithm to assess the individual's patterns of symptom interaction in accordance with models previously established by OUD experts. After this analysis, KIOS provides specific behavioral advice addressing the individual's changing trajectory of symptoms to help the person self-manage their symptoms. The KIOS software also provides analytics on the self-reported data that can be used by patients, clinicians, and researchers to track outcomes. RESULTS In a 4-week acceptability, usability (mean System Usability Scale-Modified score 89.5, SD 9.2, maximum of 10.0), and utility (mean KIOS utility questionnaire score 6.32, SD 0.25, maximum of 7.0) pilot study of 15 methadone-maintained participants with OUD, user experience, usability, and software-generated advice received high and positive assessment scores. The KIOS clinical variables closely correlated with craving self-report measures. Therefore, managing these variables with advice generated by the KIOS software could have an impact on craving and ultimately substance use. CONCLUSIONS KIOS tracks key clinical variables and generates advice specifically relevant to the patient's current and changing clinical state. Patients in this pilot study assigned high positive values to the KIOS user experience, ease of use, and the appropriateness, relevance, and usefulness of the specific behavioral guidance they received to match their evolving experiences. KIOS may therefore be useful to augment in-person treatment of opioid agonist patients and help fill treatment gaps that currently exist in the continuum of care. A National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded randomized controlled trial of KIOS to augment in-person treatment of patients with OUD is currently being conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Lewis King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Gregg Siegel
- Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Leslie H Siegel
- Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer S Potter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Gustafson DH, Landucci G, Vjorn OJ, Gicquelais RE, Goldberg SB, Johnston DC, Curtin JJ, Bailey GL, Shah DV, Pe-Romashko K, Gustafson DH. Effects of Bundling Medication for Opioid Use Disorder With an mHealth Intervention Targeting Addiction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:115-124. [PMID: 37789744 PMCID: PMC10843669 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) improves treatment retention and reduces illicit opioid use. A-CHESS is an evidence-based smartphone intervention shown to improve addiction-related behaviors. The authors tested the efficacy of MOUD alone versus MOUD plus A-CHESS to determine whether the combination further improved outcomes. METHODS In an unblinded parallel-group randomized controlled trial, 414 participants recruited from outpatient programs were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either MOUD alone or MOUD+A-CHESS for 16 months and were followed for an additional 8 months. All participants were on methadone, buprenorphine, or injectable naltrexone. The primary outcome was abstinence from illicit opioid use; secondary outcomes were treatment retention, health services use, other substance use, and quality of life; moderators were MOUD type, gender, withdrawal symptom severity, pain severity, and loneliness. Data sources were surveys comprising multiple validated scales, as well as urine screens, every 4 months. RESULTS There was no difference in abstinence between participants in the MOUD+A-CHESS and MOUD-alone arms across time (odds ratio=1.10, 95% CI=0.90-1.33). However, abstinence was moderated by withdrawal symptom severity (odds ratio=0.95, 95% CI=0.91-1.00) and MOUD type (odds ratio=0.57, 95% CI=0.34-0.97). Among participants without withdrawal symptoms, abstinence rates were higher over time for those in the MOUD+A-CHESS arm than for those in the MOUD-alone arm (odds ratio=1.30, 95% CI=1.01-1.67). Among participants taking methadone, those in the MOUD+A-CHESS arm were more likely to be abstinent over time (b=0.28, SE=0.09) than those in the MOUD-alone arm (b=0.06, SE=0.08), although the two groups did not differ significantly from each other (∆b=0.22, SE=0.11). MOUD+A-CHESS was also associated with greater meeting attendance (odds ratio=1.25, 95% CI=1.05-1.49) and decreased emergency department and urgent care use (odds ratio=0.88, 95% CI=0.78-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Overall, MOUD+A-CHESS did not improve abstinence relative to MOUD alone. However, MOUD+A-CHESS may provide benefits for subsets of patients and may impact treatment utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Gustafson
- Center for Health Enhancement Systems Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Gina Landucci
- Center for Health Enhancement Systems Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Olivia J. Vjorn
- Center for Health Enhancement Systems Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | | | - Simon B. Goldberg
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Darcie C. Johnston
- Center for Health Enhancement Systems Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - John J. Curtin
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Genie L. Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, R.I
- Stanley Street Treatment and Resources (SSTAR), Fall River, Mass
| | - Dhavan V. Shah
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Klaren Pe-Romashko
- Center for Health Enhancement Systems Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - David H. Gustafson
- Center for Health Enhancement Systems Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison
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Naik BI, Durieux ME, Dillingham R, Waldman AL, Holstege M, Arbab Z, Tsang S, Cui Q, Li XJ, Singla A, Yen CP, Dunn LK. Mobile health supported multi-domain recovery trajectories after major arthroplasty or spine surgery: a pilot feasibility and usability study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:794. [PMID: 37803365 PMCID: PMC10557197 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery after surgery intersects physical, psychological, and social domains. In this study we aim to assess the feasibility and usability of a mobile health application called PositiveTrends to track recovery in these domains amongst participants undergoing hip, knee arthroplasty or spine surgery. Our secondary aim was to generate procedure-specific, recovery trajectories within the pain and medication, psycho-social and patient-reported outcomes domain. METHODS Prospective, observational study in participants greater than eighteen years of age. Data was collected prior to and up to one hundred and eighty days after completion of surgery within the three domains using PositiveTrends. Feasibility was assessed using participant response rates from the PositiveTrends app. Usability was assessed quantitatively using the System Usability Scale. Heat maps and effect plots were used to visualize multi-domain recovery trajectories. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the change in the outcomes over time. RESULTS Forty-two participants were enrolled over a four-month recruitment period. Proportion of app responses was highest for participants who underwent spine surgery (median = 78, range = 36-100), followed by those who underwent knee arthroplasty (median = 72, range = 12-100), and hip arthroplasty (median = 62, range = 12-98). System Usability Scale mean score was 82 ± 16 at 180 days postoperatively. Function improved by 8 and 6.4 points per month after hip and knee arthroplasty, respectively. In spine participants, the Oswestry Disability Index decreased by 1.4 points per month. Mood improved in all three cohorts, however stress levels remained elevated in spine participants. Pain decreased by 0.16 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.13-0.20, p < 0.001), 0.25 (95% CI: 0.21-0.28, p < 0.001) and 0.14 (95% CI: 0.12-0.15, p < 0.001) points per month in hip, knee, and spine cohorts respectively. There was a 10.9-to-40.3-fold increase in the probability of using no medication for each month postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility and usability of PositiveTrends, which can map and track multi-domain recovery trajectories after major arthroplasty or spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhiken I Naik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Marcel E Durieux
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca Dillingham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Martha Jefferson Hospital, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ava Lena Waldman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Margaret Holstege
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zunaira Arbab
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Siny Tsang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xudong Joshua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anuj Singla
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chun-Po Yen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lauren K Dunn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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BİLKAY Hİ, GÜRHAN N, ŞİRİN B. Use of Mobile Applications in Smoking, Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1181096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, technology and mobile health applications are developing and being applied in different fields every day. Especially the use of mobile technology in many health fields offers various opportunities for the use of mobile applications in smoking, alcohol and substance use disorders, which is an important public mental health problem. The aim of this review study was to examine 16 mobile applications designed for the treatment and monitoring of smoking, alcohol and substance use. It was concluded that self-monitoring, notification and warning systems, location services, peer and expert support services were frequently used in the analyzed mobile applications. As a result of the studies, the use of mobile applications as a preventive intervention in the prevention of addiction and as an additional treatment option in addiction treatment is promising. However, this situation brings along various harms, risks and obstacles. This review of the relevant literature provides a critical update of mobile applications used in smoking, alcohol and substance use disorders. This review is expected to be an important guide for mental health professionals and mobile application designers working on addiction.
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Szlyk HS, Li X, Filiatreau LM, Bierut LJ, Banks D, Cavazos-Rehg P. Principal component regression analysis of familial psychiatric histories and suicide risk factors among adults with opioid use disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:6-13. [PMID: 36652753 PMCID: PMC10084714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explores familial psychiatric risk factors that are closely linked to suicide risk among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) as measured by the Family History Assessment Module (FHAM). Data was derived from adults diagnosed with OUD (N = 389). To analyze the covariance between the 11 items of the FHAM, principal component analysis was applied to infer principal components (PC) scores. Log-binominal regression was conducted to quantify the associations between PC scores and mental health symptoms (e.g., lifetime suicidal attempt, P30D suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety). Analyses revealed that the first 3 three PCs could account for 56% of the total variance of the FHAM items within the data. Family history of substance misuse (PC1) was positively associated with lifetime suicide attempts and severe anxiety. Family history of serious mental illness (PC2) and of suicidal behavior (PC3) were not significantly associated with any outcomes. Our findings suggest current suicide risk is associated with an array of familial psychiatric issues among people with OUD. However, family history of suicide attempts and death by suicide has less bearing on current suicide risk in OUD patients whereas family history of substance use confers significant risk. Findings underscore suicide-related preventive interventions as necessary components of treatment plans among people with OUD, who commonly report family histories of substance misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Szlyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8314, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8314, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lindsey M Filiatreau
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8314, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8314, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Devin Banks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd, Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8314, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Khan AR, Olatunji O, Qureshi D, Metellus P, Nkemjika S. Accessibility of Treatment Among Women With Opioid Use Disorder: A Brief Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27509. [PMID: 36060319 PMCID: PMC9426717 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid-use disorder (OUD) has become a social pandemic with a rising incidence and prevalence among women. Notably, women with OUD were more likely to have psychiatric comorbidities like major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and bipolar disorder. Evidence suggests that opioid exposure and subsequent disease among women compared to men is unique and attributable to hormonal estrogen levels. However, there remains a dearth of literature on their ability to access treatment when needed. There is also a gap in the perceived access to women as compared to men. Hence, our review will focus on factors that may affect women from seeking OUD treatment as compared to men.
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The current evidence for substance use disorder apps. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2022; 35:237-245. [PMID: 35674724 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW New mHealth (smartphone) apps for substance use disorders (SUD) are emerging at an accelerated rate, with consumer choice typically guided by app-store user ratings rather than their effectiveness. The expansive reach, low-cost and accessibility of mHealth apps have driven their popularity and appeal as alternatives to traditional treatment; as such, rigorously establishing their effectiveness is of paramount importance. RECENT FINDINGS Several systematic reviews conclude that the evidence-base for mHealth SUD apps is weak, inconclusive and hampered by substantial heterogeneity in study designs. However, there have been a number of interesting and novel developments in this area in recent years, which have not been synthesised to date. SUMMARY Most mHealth apps deliver either multiple-component behaviour change techniques, discrete psychological interventions or cognitive training interventions, or are designed to act as adjuncts to facilitate the delivery of clinical or continuing care. There are promising signals of their feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness in numerous open-label pilot studies of mHealth apps targeting alcohol and smoking. However, only a handful of sufficiently-powered, well-designed randomised controlled trials have been conducted to date with mixed findings. Furthermore, there has been limited recent attention on mHealth apps aiming to improve outcomes for individuals using other drugs.
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