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Zhang X, Men S, Jia L, Tang X, Storey KB, Niu Y, Chen Q. Comparative metabolomics analysis reveals high-altitude adaptations in a toad-headed viviparous lizard, Phrynocephalus vlangalii. Front Zool 2023; 20:35. [PMID: 37919723 PMCID: PMC10621141 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme environmental conditions at high altitude, such as hypobaric hypoxia, low temperature, and strong UV radiation, pose a great challenge to the survival of animals. Although the mechanisms of adaptation to high-altitude environments have attracted much attention for native plateau species, the underlying metabolic regulation remains unclear. Here, we used a multi-platform metabolomic analysis to compare metabolic profiles of liver between high- and low-altitude populations of toad-headed lizards, Phrynocephalus vlangalii, from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A total of 191 differential metabolites were identified, consisting of 108 up-regulated and 83 down-regulated metabolites in high-altitude lizards as compared with values for low-altitude lizards. Pathway analysis revealed that the significantly different metabolites were associated with carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. Most intermediary metabolites of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were not significantly altered between the two altitudes, but most free fatty acids as well as β-hydroxybutyric acid were significantly lower in the high-altitude population. This may suggest that high-altitude lizards rely more on carbohydrates as their main energy fuel rather than lipids. Higher levels of phospholipids occurred in the liver of high-altitude populations, suggesting that membrane lipids may undergo adaptive remodeling in response to low-temperature stress at high altitude. In summary, this study demonstrates that metabolic profiles differ substantially between high- and low-altitude lizard populations, and that these differential metabolites and metabolic pathways can provide new insights to reveal mechanisms of adaptation to extreme environments at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Shengkang Men
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lun Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Yonggang Niu
- Department of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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2
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Yu JJ, Non AL, Heinrich EC, Gu W, Alcock J, Moya EA, Lawrence ES, Tift MS, O'Brien KA, Storz JF, Signore AV, Khudyakov JI, Milsom WK, Wilson SM, Beall CM, Villafuerte FC, Stobdan T, Julian CG, Moore LG, Fuster MM, Stokes JA, Milner R, West JB, Zhang J, Shyy JY, Childebayeva A, Vázquez-Medina JP, Pham LV, Mesarwi OA, Hall JE, Cheviron ZA, Sieker J, Blood AB, Yuan JX, Scott GR, Rana BK, Ponganis PJ, Malhotra A, Powell FL, Simonson TS. Time Domains of Hypoxia Responses and -Omics Insights. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885295. [PMID: 36035495 PMCID: PMC9400701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond rapidly to changes in oxygen tension is critical for many forms of life. Challenges to oxygen homeostasis, specifically in the contexts of evolutionary biology and biomedicine, provide important insights into mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation and tolerance. Here we synthesize findings across varying time domains of hypoxia in terms of oxygen delivery, ranging from early animal to modern human evolution and examine the potential impacts of environmental and clinical challenges through emerging multi-omics approaches. We discuss how diverse animal species have adapted to hypoxic environments, how humans vary in their responses to hypoxia (i.e., in the context of high-altitude exposure, cardiopulmonary disease, and sleep apnea), and how findings from each of these fields inform the other and lead to promising new directions in basic and clinical hypoxia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Non
- Department of Anthropology, Division of Social Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amy L. Non, Tatum S. Simonson,
| | - Erica C. Heinrich
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joe Alcock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, MX, United States
| | - Esteban A. Moya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elijah S. Lawrence
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael S. Tift
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Katie A. O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, ENG, United Kingdom
| | - Jay F. Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, IL, United States
| | - Anthony V. Signore
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, IL, United States
| | - Jane I. Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | | | - Sean M. Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Colleen G. Julian
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lorna G. Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mark M. Fuster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, United States
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John B. West
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John Y. Shyy
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luu V. Pham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Omar A. Mesarwi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zachary A. Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jeremy Sieker
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Arlin B. Blood
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jason X. Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Graham R. Scott
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Brinda K. Rana
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paul J. Ponganis
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Frank L. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amy L. Non, Tatum S. Simonson,
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Notch Signaling and Cross-Talk in Hypoxia: A Candidate Pathway for High-Altitude Adaptation. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030437. [PMID: 35330188 PMCID: PMC8954738 DOI: 10.3390/life12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia triggers complex inter- and intracellular signals that regulate tissue oxygen (O2) homeostasis, adjusting convective O2 delivery and utilization (i.e., metabolism). Human populations have been exposed to high-altitude hypoxia for thousands of years and, in doing so, have undergone natural selection of multiple gene regions supporting adaptive traits. Some of the strongest selection signals identified in highland populations emanate from hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway genes. The HIF pathway is a master regulator of the cellular hypoxic response, but it is not the only regulatory pathway under positive selection. For instance, regions linked to the highly conserved Notch signaling pathway are also top targets, and this pathway is likely to play essential roles that confer hypoxia tolerance. Here, we explored the importance of the Notch pathway in mediating the cellular hypoxic response. We assessed transcriptional regulation of the Notch pathway, including close cross-talk with HIF signaling, and its involvement in the mediation of angiogenesis, cellular metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, relating these functions to generational hypoxia adaptation.
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4
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Huang M, Zhang X, Yan W, Liu J, Wang H. Metabolomics reveals potential plateau adaptability by regulating
inflammatory response and oxidative stress-related metabolism and energy
metabolism pathways in yak. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 64:97-109. [PMID: 35174345 PMCID: PMC8819316 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Species are facing strong selection pressures to adapt to inhospitable
high-altitude environments. Yaks are a valuable species and an iconic symbol of
the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Extensive studies of high-altitude adaptation have
been conducted, but few have focused on metabolism. In the present study, we
determined the differences in the serum metabolomics between yaks and the
closely related species of low-altitude yellow cattle and dairy cows. We
generated high-quality metabolite profiling data for 36 samples derived from the
three species, and a clear separation trend was obtained between yaks and the
other animals from principal component analysis. In addition, we identified a
total of 63 differentially expressed metabolites among the three species.
Functional analysis revealed that differentially expressed metabolites were
related to the innate immune activation, oxidative stress-related metabolism,
and energy metabolism in yaks, which indicates the important roles of
metabolites in high-altitude adaptation in yaks. The results provide new
insights into the mechanism of adaptation or acclimatization to high-altitude
environments in yaks and hypoxia-related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhou Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public
Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of
Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical
University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public
Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Agricultural and Rural Integrated Service
Center of Dachaigou Town, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County,
Gansu 733202, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public
Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public
Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
- Corresponding author: Hui Wang, Department of
Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China.
Tel: +86-13919330832, E-mail:
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5
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Wang QY, You LH, Xiang LL, Zhu YT, Zeng Y. Current progress in metabolomics of gestational diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1164-1186. [PMID: 34512885 PMCID: PMC8394228 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of pregnancy and can cause short- and long-term adverse effects in both pregnant women and their offspring. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of GDM are still unclear. As a metabolic disease, GDM is well suited to metabolomics study, which can monitor the changes in small molecular metabolites induced by maternal stimuli or perturbations in real time. The application of metabolomics in GDM can be used to discover diagnostic biomarkers, evaluate the prognosis of the disease, guide the application of diet or drugs, evaluate the curative effect, and explore the mechanism. This review provides comprehensive documentation of metabolomics research methods and techniques as well as the current progress in GDM research. We anticipate that the review will contribute to identifying gaps in the current knowledge or metabolomics technology, provide evidence-based information, and inform future research directions in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yi Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang-Hui You
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lan-Lan Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Tian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
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6
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Millet GP, Debevec T, Brocherie F, Burtscher M, Burtscher J. Altitude and COVID-19: Friend or foe? A narrative review. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14615. [PMID: 33340275 PMCID: PMC7749581 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that high-altitude residence may be beneficial in the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) implicating that traveling to high places or using hypoxic conditioning thus could be favorable as well. Physiological high-altitude characteristics and symptoms of altitude illnesses furthermore seem similar to several pathologies associated with COVID-19. As a consequence, high altitude and hypoxia research and related clinical practices are discussed for potential applications in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. We summarize the currently available evidence on the relationship between altitude/hypoxia conditions and COVID-19 epidemiology and pathophysiology. The potential for treatment strategies used for altitude illnesses is evaluated. Symptomatic overlaps in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 induced ARDS and high altitude illnesses (i.e., hypoxemia, dyspnea…) have been reported but are also common to other pathologies (i.e., heart failure, pulmonary embolism, COPD…). Most treatments of altitude illnesses have limited value and may even be detrimental in COVID-19. Some may be efficient, potentially the corticosteroid dexamethasone. Physiological adaptations to altitude/hypoxia can exert diverse effects, depending on the constitution of the target individual and the hypoxic dose. In healthy individuals, they may optimize oxygen supply and increase mitochondrial, antioxidant, and immune system function. It is highly debated if these physiological responses to hypoxia overlap in many instances with SARS-CoV-2 infection and may exert preventive effects under very specific conditions. The temporal overlap of SARS-CoV-2 infection and exposure to altitude/hypoxia may be detrimental. No evidence-based knowledge is presently available on whether and how altitude/hypoxia may prevent, treat or aggravate COVID-19. The reported lower incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in high-altitude places remain to be confirmed. High-altitude illnesses and COVID-19 pathologies exhibit clear pathophysiological differences. While potentially effective as a prophylactic measure, altitude/hypoxia is likely associated with elevated risks for patients with COVID-19. Altogether, the different points discussed in this review are of possibly some relevance for individuals who aim to reach high-altitude areas. However, due to the ever-changing state of understanding of COVID-19, all points discussed in this review may be out of date at the time of its publication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of SportUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
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7
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Sowton AP, Griffin JL, Murray AJ. Metabolic Profiling of the Diabetic Heart: Toward a Richer Picture. Front Physiol 2019; 10:639. [PMID: 31214041 PMCID: PMC6555155 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence of diabetes has been accompanied by a rise in diabetes-related conditions. This includes diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), a progressive form of heart disease that occurs with both insulin-dependent (type-1) and insulin-independent (type-2) diabetes and arises in the absence of hypertension or coronary artery disease. Over time, DbCM can develop into overt heart failure. Like other forms of cardiomyopathy, DbCM is accompanied by alterations in metabolism which could lead to further progression of the pathology, with metabolic derangement postulated to precede functional changes in the diabetic heart. Moreover in the case of type-2 diabetes, underlying insulin resistance is likely to prevent the canonical substrate switch of the failing heart away from fatty acid oxidation toward increased use of glycolysis. Analytical chemistry techniques, collectively known as metabolomics, are useful tools for investigating the condition. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of those studies that have employed metabolomic techniques, namely chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to profile metabolic remodeling in the diabetic heart of human patients and animal models. These studies collectively demonstrate that glycolysis and glucose oxidation are suppressed in the diabetic myocardium and highlight a complex picture regarding lipid metabolism. The diabetic heart typically shows an increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation, yet triacylglycerols and other lipids accumulate in the diabetic myocardium indicating probable lipotoxicity. The application of lipidomic techniques to the diabetic heart has identified specific lipid species that become enriched and which may in turn act as plasma-borne biomarkers for the condition. Metabolomics is proving to be a powerful approach, allowing a much richer analysis of the metabolic alterations that occur in the diabetic heart. Careful physiological interpretation of metabolomic results will now be key in order to establish which aspects of the metabolic derangement are causal to the progression of DbCM and might form the basis for novel therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice P. Sowton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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O'Brien KA, Atkinson RA, Richardson L, Koulman A, Murray AJ, Harridge SDR, Martin DS, Levett DZH, Mitchell K, Mythen MG, Montgomery HE, Grocott MPW, Griffin JL, Edwards LM. Metabolomic and lipidomic plasma profile changes in human participants ascending to Everest Base Camp. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2297. [PMID: 30783167 PMCID: PMC6381113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At high altitude oxygen delivery to the tissues is impaired leading to oxygen insufficiency (hypoxia). Acclimatisation requires adjustment to tissue metabolism, the details of which remain incompletely understood. Here, metabolic responses to progressive environmental hypoxia were assessed through metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of human plasma taken from 198 human participants before and during an ascent to Everest Base Camp (5,300 m). Aqueous and lipid fractions of plasma were separated and analysed using proton (1H)-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and direct infusion mass spectrometry, respectively. Bayesian robust hierarchical regression revealed decreasing isoleucine with ascent alongside increasing lactate and decreasing glucose, which may point towards increased glycolytic rate. Changes in the lipid profile with ascent included a decrease in triglycerides (48-50 carbons) associated with de novo lipogenesis, alongside increases in circulating levels of the most abundant free fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids). Together, this may be indicative of fat store mobilisation. This study provides the first broad metabolomic account of progressive exposure to environmental hypobaric hypoxia in healthy humans. Decreased isoleucine is of particular interest as a potential contributor to muscle catabolism observed with exposure to hypoxia at altitude. Substantial changes in lipid metabolism may represent important metabolic responses to sub-acute exposure to environmental hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A O'Brien
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.
| | - R Andrew Atkinson
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics King's College London Guy's Campus London, London, UK
| | - Larissa Richardson
- NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Pathology building level 4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Pathology building level 4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen D R Harridge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel S Martin
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, First Floor, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7HA, UK
- Critical Care Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Denny Z H Levett
- Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Integrative Physiological and Critical Illness Group, Division of Clinical and Experimental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kay Mitchell
- Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Integrative Physiological and Critical Illness Group, Division of Clinical and Experimental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Monty G Mythen
- University College London Hospitals National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Hugh E Montgomery
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, First Floor, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7HA, UK
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael P W Grocott
- Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Integrative Physiological and Critical Illness Group, Division of Clinical and Experimental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lindsay M Edwards
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Respiratory Data Sciences Group, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research, Stevenage, UK.
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9
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Michaletti A, Gioia M, Tarantino U, Zolla L. Effects of microgravity on osteoblast mitochondria: a proteomic and metabolomics profile. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15376. [PMID: 29133864 PMCID: PMC5684136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of human primary osteoblasts exposed to simulated microgravity has been investigated and analysis of metabolomic and proteomic profiles demonstrated a prominent dysregulation of mitochondrion homeostasis. Gravitational unloading treatment induced a decrease in mitochondrial proteins, mainly affecting efficiency of the respiratory chain. Metabolomic analysis revealed that microgravity influenced several metabolic pathways; stimulating glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathways, while the Krebs cycle was interrupted at succinate-fumarate transformation. Interestingly, proteomic analysis revealed that Complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which catalyses the biotransformation of this step, was under-represented by 50%. Accordingly, down-regulation of quinones 9 and 10 was measured. Complex III resulted in up-regulation by 60%, while Complex IV was down-regulated by 14%, accompanied by a reduction in proton transport synthesis of ATP. Finally, microgravity treatment induced an oxidative stress response, indicated by significant decreases in oxidised glutathione and antioxidant enzymes. Decrease in malate dehydrogenase induced a reverse in the malate-aspartate shuttle, contributing to dysregulation of ATP synthesis. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids was inhibited, promoting triglyceride production along with a reduction in the glycerol shuttle. Taken together, our findings suggest that microgravity may suppress bone cell functions, impairing mitochondrial energy potential and the energy state of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michaletti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Magda Gioia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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10
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Min L, Choy E, Tu C, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Application of metabolomics in sarcoma: From biomarkers to therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:1-10. [PMID: 28693790 PMCID: PMC5527996 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Skeletal Muscle Nucleo-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040831. [PMID: 28420087 PMCID: PMC5412415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by incomplete beta oxidation and accumulation of fatty acid intermediates in the form of long and medium chain acylcarnitines, may contribute to ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance during high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The present review discusses the roles of anterograde and retrograde communication in nucleo-mitochondrial crosstalk that determines skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations, specifically alterations in mitochondrial number and function in relation to obesity and insulin resistance. Special emphasis is placed on the effects of high fat diet (HFD) feeding on expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (NEMGs) nuclear receptor factor 1 (NRF-1) and 2 (NRF-2) and peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in the onset and progression of insulin resistance during obesity and how HFD-induced alterations in NEMG expression affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations in relation to beta oxidation of fatty acids. Finally, the potential ability of acylcarnitines or fatty acid intermediates resulting from mitochondrial beta oxidation to act as retrograde signals in nucleo-mitochondrial crosstalk is reviewed and discussed.
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Horscroft JA, Burgess SL, Hu Y, Murray AJ. Altered Oxygen Utilisation in Rat Left Ventricle and Soleus after 14 Days, but Not 2 Days, of Environmental Hypoxia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138564. [PMID: 26390043 PMCID: PMC4577132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of environmental hypoxia on cardiac and skeletal muscle metabolism are dependent on the duration and severity of hypoxic exposure, though factors which dictate the nature of the metabolic response to hypoxia are poorly understood. We therefore set out to investigate the time-dependence of metabolic acclimatisation to hypoxia in rat cardiac and skeletal muscle. Rats were housed under normoxic conditions, or exposed to short-term (2 d) or sustained (14 d) hypoxia (10% O2), after which samples were obtained from the left ventricle of the heart and the soleus for assessment of metabolic regulation and mitochondrial function. Mass-corrected maximal oxidative phosphorylation was 20% lower in the left ventricle following sustained but not short-term hypoxia, though no change was observed in the soleus. After sustained hypoxia, the ratio of octanoyl carnitine- to pyruvate- supported respiration was 11% and 12% lower in the left ventricle and soleus, respectively, whilst hexokinase activity increased by 33% and 2.1-fold in these tissues. mRNA levels of PPARα targets fell after sustained hypoxia in both tissues, but those of PPARα remained unchanged. Despite decreased Ucp3 expression after short-term hypoxia, UCP3 protein levels and mitochondrial coupling remained unchanged. Protein carbonylation was 40% higher after short-term but not sustained hypoxic exposure in the left ventricle, but was unchanged in the soleus at both timepoints. Our findings therefore demonstrate that 14 days, but not 2 days, of hypoxia induces a loss of oxidative capacity in the left ventricle but not the soleus, and a substrate switch away from fatty acid oxidation in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Horscroft
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Burgess
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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13
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Grocott MPW, Montgomery HM. Three years of Extreme Physiology & Medicine. EXTREME PHYSIOLOGY & MEDICINE 2015; 4:14. [PMID: 26347466 PMCID: PMC4560077 DOI: 10.1186/s13728-015-0033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P W Grocott
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Division of Clinical and Experimental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK ; Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Unit, CE.93 Mailpoint 24, E-Level Centre Block, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Hugh M Montgomery
- The Whittington Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ; University College Hospitals NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals Foundation Trust, London, UK
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