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Taherifard E, Tran K, Saeed A, Yasin JA, Saeed A. Biomarkers for Immunotherapy Efficacy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:2054. [PMID: 39335733 PMCID: PMC11431712 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14182054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver malignancy and the sixth most common cancer globally, remains fatal for many patients with inappropriate responses to treatment. Recent advancements in immunotherapy have transformed the treatment landscape for advanced HCC. However, variability in patient responses to immunotherapy highlights the need for biomarkers that can predict treatment outcomes. This manuscript comprehensively reviews the evolving role of biomarkers in immunotherapy efficacy, spanning from blood-derived indicators-alpha-fetoprotein, inflammatory markers, cytokines, circulating tumor cells, and their DNA-to tissue-derived indicators-programmed cell death ligand 1 expression, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The current body of evidence suggests that these biomarkers hold promise for improving patient selection and predicting immunotherapy outcomes. Each biomarker offers unique insights into disease biology and the immune landscape of HCC, potentially enhancing the precision of treatment strategies. However, challenges such as methodological variability, high costs, inconsistent findings, and the need for large-scale validation in well-powered two-arm trial studies persist, making them currently unsuitable for integration into standard care. Addressing these challenges through standardized techniques and implementation of further studies will be critical for the future incorporation of these biomarkers into clinical practice for advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Taherifard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Krystal Tran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Ali Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Ochsner Lafayette General Medical Center, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA
| | - Jehad Amer Yasin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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Wang X, Zhang S, Sun Y, Cai L, Zhang J. The prognostic significance of preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and interleukin-6 level in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2024; 39:255-264. [PMID: 38859794 DOI: 10.1177/03936155241261719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the most prevalent type of bladder cancer, typically associated with a favorable prognosis and a risk of recurrence during the follow-up period. Inflammatory markers have been used to predict prognosis in various cancer types. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of the readily accessible inflammatory markers, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in NMIBC. METHODS The study comprised a retrospective analysis of clinical data collected from NMIBC patients diagnosed between October 2018 and October 2020. PLR was calculated using the routine preoperative blood test results, and preoperative IL-6 levels were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for PLR and IL-6 level and the optimal cut-off values were determined using Youden's index. Survival curves were generated to evaluate the association between PLR and IL-6, and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. A nomogram and calibration curve were generated to assess the clinical significance of the model. RESULTS The ROC curves demonstrated that PLR and IL-6 levels were significantly associated with tumor pathology grade, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.833 (95% CI 0.757, 0.910) for PLR and 0.724 (95% CI 0.622, 0.825) for IL-6 levels. PLR and IL-6 levels were also positively associated with tumor recurrence, with AUC values of 0.647 (95% CI 0.538, 0.756) and 0.846 (95% CI 0.769, 0.924), respectively. The survival curves indicated that patients with high PLR and high IL-6 levels had shorter RFS than those with low PLR and low IL-6 level (P < 0.01). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that age, tumor size, tumor number, pathological grade, PLR and IL-6 were potential risk factors for NMIBC recurrence. Multivariate analysis further revealed that tumor number, smoking, PLR, and IL-6 were independent risk factors for NMIBC recurrence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory markers (PLR and IL-6) are useful predictors of RFS in NMIBC patients at the time of initial diagnosis. High PLR and high IL-6 were identified as independent risk factors for tumor recurrence and could serve as potential biological markers for prediction of NMIBC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiiated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiiated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Department of Urology Surgery, Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiiated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Longjun Cai
- Department of Urology Surgery, Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiiated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiiated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
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Shah NN, Dave BP, Shah KC, Shah DD, Maheshwari KG, Chorawala MR, Parekh PS, Jani M. Disabled-2, a versatile tissue matrix multifunctional scaffold protein with multifaceted signaling: Unveiling its potential in the cancer battle. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5533-5557. [PMID: 38502243 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A multifunctional scaffold protein termed Disabled-2 (Dab2) has recently gained attention in the scientific community and has emerged as a promising candidate in the realm of cancer research. Dab2 protein is involved in a variety of signaling pathways, due to which its significance in the pathogenesis of several carcinomas has drawn considerable attention. Dab2 is essential for controlling the advancement of cancer because it engages in essential signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathways. Dab2 can also repress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is involved in tumor progression with metastatic expansion and adds another layer of significance to its possible impact on cancer spread. Furthermore, the role of Dab2 in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis has been explored in certain investigative studies suggesting its significance. The present review examines the role of Dab2 in the pathogenesis of various cancer subtypes including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder urothelial carcinoma and also sheds some light on its potential to act as a therapeutic target and a prognostic marker in the treatment of various carcinomas. By deciphering this protein's diverse signaling, we hope to provide useful insights that may pave the way for novel therapeutic techniques and tailored treatment approaches in cancer management. Preclinical and clinical trial data on the impact of Dab2 regulation in cancer have also been included, allowing us to delineate role of Dab2 in tumor suppressor function, as well as its correlation with disease stage classification and potential therapy options. However, we observed that there is very scarce data in the form of studies on the evaluation of Dab2 role and treatment function in carcinomas, and further research into this matter could prove beneficial in the generation of novel therapeutic agents for patient-centric and tailored therapy, as well as early prognosis of carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi N Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kashvi C Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Disha D Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kunal G Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Priyajeet S Parekh
- AV Pharma LLC, 1545 University Blvd N Ste A, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA
| | - Maharsh Jani
- Anand Niketan Shilaj, Ahmedabad, 380059, Gujarat, India
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Kast RE. IC Regimen: Delaying Resistance to Lorlatinib in ALK Driven Cancers by Adding Repurposed Itraconazole and Cilostazol. Cells 2024; 13:1175. [PMID: 39056757 PMCID: PMC11274432 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lorlatinib is a pharmaceutical ALK kinase inhibitor used to treat ALK driven non-small cell lung cancers. This paper analyses the intersection of past published data on the physiological consequences of two unrelated drugs from general medical practice-itraconazole and cilostazol-with the pathophysiology of ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer. A conclusion from that data analysis is that adding itraconazole and cilostazol may make lorlatinib more effective. Itraconazole, although marketed worldwide as a generic antifungal drug, also inhibits Hedgehog signaling, Wnt signaling, hepatic CYP3A4, and the p-gp efflux pump. Cilostazol, marketed worldwide as a generic thrombosis preventative drug, acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 3, and, by so doing, lowers platelets' adhesion, thereby partially depriving malignant cells of the many tumor trophic growth factors supplied by platelets. Itraconazole may enhance lorlatinib effectiveness by (i) reducing or stopping a Hedgehog-ALK amplifying feedback loop, by (ii) increasing lorlatinib's brain levels by p-gp inhibition, and by (iii) inhibiting growth drive from Wnt signaling. Cilostazol, surprisingly, carries minimal bleeding risk, lower than that of aspirin. Risk/benefit assessment of the combination of metastatic ALK positive lung cancer being a low-survival disease with the predicted safety of itraconazole-cilostazol augmentation of lorlatinib favors a trial of this drug trio in ALK positive lung cancer.
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Li X, Ren H, Peng L, Li J. Prognostic value of pretreatment platelet count, fibrinogen and d-dimer levels in osteosarcoma patients: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38463. [PMID: 39259059 PMCID: PMC11142833 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies explored the prognostic value of pretreatment platelet count, fibrinogen, and d-dimer level in patients with several types of cancer, however, a comprehensive conclusion has not been reached in osteosarcoma patients. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI databases were systematically searched for eligible studies up to May 09, 2023, and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the prognostic impact of these indicators in osteosarcoma patients. RESULTS Twelve studies from China consisting of 1682 patients were finally included. Our findings revealed that an elevated level of pretreatment platelet or d-dimer was associated with a worse outcome of overall survival (platelet: HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.18-2.26, P = .003; d-dimer: HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.58-3.31, P < .001). CONCLUSION Based on current evidence, pretreatment platelet count and d-dimer level could be good prognostic biomarkers for Chinese osteosarcoma patients. However, future validation is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Lipeng Peng
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
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Pralea IE, Moldovan RC, Țigu AB, Moldovan CS, Fischer-Fodor E, Iuga CA. Cellular Responses Induced by NCT-503 Treatment on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines: A Proteomics Approach. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1087. [PMID: 38791048 PMCID: PMC11117597 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of mortality among women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) standing out for its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Metabolic reprogramming, one of cancer's hallmarks, underscores the importance of targeting metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to investigate the impact of de novo serine biosynthetic pathway (SSP) inhibition, specifically targeting phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) with NCT-503, on three TNBC cell lines: MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and Hs 578T. First, MS-based proteomics was used to confirm the distinct expression of PHGDH and other SSP enzymes using the intracellular proteome profiles of untreated cells. Furthermore, to characterize the response of the TNBC cell lines to the inhibitor, both in vitro assays and label-free, bottom-up proteomics were employed. NCT-503 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on all three cell lines, with MDA-MB-468 being the most susceptible (IC50 20.2 ± 2.8 µM), while MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T showed higher, comparable IC50s. Notably, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) induced by NCT-503 treatment were mostly cell line-specific, both in terms of the intracellular and secreted proteins. Through overrepresentation and Reactome GSEA analysis, modifications of the intracellular proteins associated with cell cycle pathways were observed in the MDA-MBs following treatment. Distinctive dysregulation of signaling pathways were seen in all TNBC cell lines, while modifications of proteins associated with the extracellular matrix organization characterizing both MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T cell lines were highlighted through the treatment-induced modifications of the secreted proteins. Lastly, an analysis was conducted on the DEPs that exhibited greater abundance in the NCT-503 treatment groups to evaluate the potential chemo-sensitizing properties of NCT-503 and the druggability of these promising targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.-E.P.); (R.-C.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu-Cristian Moldovan
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.-E.P.); (R.-C.M.)
| | - Adrian-Bogdan Țigu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristian-Silviu Moldovan
- Department of BioNanoPhysics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Tumor Biology Department, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.-E.P.); (R.-C.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sayed ZS, Khattap MG, Madkour MA, Yasen NS, Elbary HA, Elsayed RA, Abdelkawy DA, Wadan AHS, Omar I, Nafady MH. Circulating tumor cells clusters and their role in Breast cancer metastasis; a review of literature. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:94. [PMID: 38557916 PMCID: PMC10984915 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant and deadly threat to women globally. Moreover, Breast cancer metastasis is a complicated process involving multiple biological stages, which is considered a substantial cause of death, where cancer cells spread from the original tumor to other organs in the body-representing the primary mortality factor. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells detached from the primary or metastatic tumor and enter the bloodstream, allowing them to establish new metastatic sites. CTCs can travel alone or in groups called CTC clusters. Studies have shown that CTC clusters have more potential for metastasis and a poorer prognosis than individual CTCs in breast cancer patients. However, our understanding of CTC clusters' formation, structure, function, and detection is still limited. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CTC clusters' biological properties, isolation, and prognostic significance in breast cancer. It also highlights the challenges and future directions for research and clinical application of CTC clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab S Sayed
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 26Th of July Corridor, 6Th of October, Giza Governorate, Postal Code: 77, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Khattap
- Technology of Radiology and Medical Imaging Program, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Galala University, Suez, 435611, Egypt
| | | | - Noha S Yasen
- Radiology and Imaging Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Al Mansurah, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Elbary
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 26Th of July Corridor, 6Th of October, Giza Governorate, Postal Code: 77, Egypt
| | - Reem A Elsayed
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 26Th of July Corridor, 6Th of October, Giza Governorate, Postal Code: 77, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Abdelkawy
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 26Th of July Corridor, 6Th of October, Giza Governorate, Postal Code: 77, Egypt
| | | | - Islam Omar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Nafady
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of october, Egypt.
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Pino I, Gozzini E, Radice D, Boveri S, Iacobone AD, Vidal Urbinati AM, Multinu F, Gullo G, Cucinella G, Franchi D. Advancing Tailored Treatments: A Predictive Nomogram, Based on Ultrasound and Laboratory Data, for Assessing Nodal Involvement in Endometrial Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:496. [PMID: 38256630 PMCID: PMC10816430 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessing lymph node metastasis is crucial in determining the optimal therapeutic approach for endometrial cancer (EC). Considering the impact of lymphadenectomy, there is an urgent need for a cost-effective and easily applicable method to evaluate the risk of lymph node metastasis in cases of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy failure. This retrospective monocentric study enrolled EC patients, who underwent surgical staging with nodal assessment. Data concerning demographic, clinicopathological, ultrasound, and surgical characteristics were collected from medical records. Ultrasound examinations were conducted in accordance with the IETA statement. We identified 425 patients, and, after applying exclusion criteria, the analysis included 313 women. Parameters incorporated into the nomogram were selected via univariate and multivariable analyses, including platelet count, myometrial infiltration, minimal tumor-free margin, and CA 125. The nomogram exhibited good accuracy in predicting lymph node involvement, with an AUC of 0.88. Using a cutoff of 10% likelihood of nodal involvement, the nomogram displayed a low false-negative rate of 0.04 (95% CI 0.00-0.19) in the training set. The adaptability of this straightforward model renders it suitable for implementation across diverse clinical settings, aiding gynecological oncologists in preoperative patient evaluations and facilitating the design of personalized treatments. However, external validation is mandatory for confirming diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Pino
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.V.U.); (D.F.)
| | - Elisa Gozzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Davide Radice
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Boveri
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna Daniela Iacobone
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.V.U.); (D.F.)
| | - Ailyn Mariela Vidal Urbinati
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.V.U.); (D.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Multinu
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Dorella Franchi
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.V.U.); (D.F.)
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Wang R, Wang C, Lu L, Yuan F, He F. Baicalin and baicalein in modulating tumor microenvironment for cancer treatment: A comprehensive review with future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107032. [PMID: 38061594 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The burden of cancer incidence and mortality is increasing rapidly. New approaches to cancer prevention and treatment are urgently needed. Natural products are reliable and powerful sources for anticancer drug discovery. Baicalin and baicalein, two major flavones isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a multi-purpose traditional medicinal plant in China, exhibit anticancer activities against multiple cancers. Of note, these phytochemicals exhibit extremely low toxicity to normal cells. Besides their cytotoxic and cytostatic activities toward diverse tumor cells, recent studies demonstrated that baicalin and baicalein modulate a variety of tumor stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is essential for tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic potential and the mechanism of action of baicalin and baicalein in the regulation of tumor microenvironmental immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and ECM that reshape the TME and cancer signaling, leading to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis. In addition, we discuss the biotransformation pathways of baicalin and baicalein, related therapeutic challenges and the future research directions to improve their bioavailability and clinical anticancer applications. Recent advances of baicalin and baicalein warrant their continued study as important natural ways for cancer interception and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolei Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lianheng Lu
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fuwen Yuan
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Feng He
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Wang T, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Huang G, Xu J. Antithrombotic strategy in cancer patients comorbid with acute coronary syndrome and atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1325488. [PMID: 38162143 PMCID: PMC10756915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1325488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that patients with cancer have a longer expected life duration, benefiting from advanced medical therapy. Meanwhile, the risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been increasing with ageing. A growing number of studies have elucidated the association between cancer and CVD. Cancer, atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease share some common factors and interact with each other, such as obesity, aging, diabetes, and inflammation, but the potential specific mechanism is still unclear. In addition, cancer-specific and therapy-related factors may increase the risk of embolism and bleeding in patients with cancer than in general population. However, current available embolic and bleeding risk scores applied in patients with CVD may not be applicable for risk assessment in cancer patients, which would be difficult for clinicians to select an appropriate antithrombotic regimen and ensure the balance between bleeding and embolism. Moreover, different types of cancer have distinct risks, which may increase the complexity of antithrombotic therapy. In this review, we review the literature related to cancer, AF, and acute coronary syndrome, focusing on the epidemiological status, physiological mechanism, embolism and bleeding risks, and strategies of antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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