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Salama RM, Darwish SF, Yehia R, Eissa N, Elmongy NF, Abd-Elgalil MM, Schaalan MF, El Wakeel SA. Apilarnil exerts neuroprotective effects and alleviates motor dysfunction by rebalancing M1/M2 microglia polarization, regulating miR-155 and miR-124 expression in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112536. [PMID: 38909495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Microglial activation contributes to the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Inhibiting M1 while simultaneously boosting M2 microglia activation may therefore be a potential treatment for PD. Apilarnil (API) is a bee product produced from drone larvae. Recent research has demonstrated the protective effects of API on multiple body systems. Nevertheless, its impact on PD or the microglial M1/M2 pathway has not yet been investigated. Thus, we intended to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of API in rotenone (ROT)-induced PD rat model and explore the role of M1/M2 in mediating its effect. Seventy-two Wistar rats were equally grouped as; control, API, ROT, and groups in which API (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) was given simultaneously with ROT (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 28 days. The high dose of API (800 mg/kg) showed enhanced motor function, higher expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels, less dopamine turnover and α-synuclein expression, and a better histopathological picture when compared to the ROT group and the lower two doses. API's high dose exerted its neuroprotective effects through abridging the M1 microglial activity, illustrated in the reduced expression of miR-155, Iba-1, CD36, CXCL10, and other pro-inflammatory markers' levels. Inversely, API high dose enhanced M2 microglial activity, witnessed in the elevated expression of miR-124, CD206, Ym1, Fizz1, arginase-1, and other anti-inflammatory indices, in comparison to the diseased group. To conclude, our study revealed a novel neuroprotective impact for API against experimentally induced PD, where the high dose showed the highest protection via rebalancing M1/M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rana Yehia
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Noura F Elmongy
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Abd-Elgalil
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Schaalan
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara A El Wakeel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Singh L. Daidzein's potential in halting neurodegeneration: unveiling mechanistic insights. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03356-5. [PMID: 39158734 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurological conditions encompassing a wide range of disorders pose significant challenges globally. The complex interactions among signaling pathways and molecular elements play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Isoflavones have emerged as a promising candidate to fight against neurodegenerative diseases. Daidzein, a 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-chromen-4-one, belongs to the isoflavone class and exhibits a diverse pharmacological profile. It is found primarily in soybeans and soy products, as well as in some other legumes and herbs. Investigations into daidzein have revealed that it confers neuroprotection by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which are key contributors to neuronal damage and degeneration. Activating pathways like PI3K/Akt/mTOR and promoting neurotrophic factors like BDNF by daidzein underscore its potential in supporting neuronal function and combating neurodegeneration. Daidzein's effects on dopamine provide further avenues for intervention in conditions like Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the modulation of inflammatory and NRF-2-antioxidant signaling by daidzein reinforces its neuroprotective role. Moreover, daidzein's interaction with receptors and cellular processes like ER-β, GPR30, MAO, VEGF, and GnRH highlights its multifaceted effects across multiple pathways involved in neuroprotection and neuronal function. This review article delves into the mechanistic interplay of various mediators in mediating the neuroprotective effects of daidzein. The review article consolidates and analyzes research published over nearly two decades (2005-2024) from various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, to provide a comprehensive understanding of daidzein's effects and mechanisms in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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3
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Suzuki T, Bono H. A systematic exploration of unexploited genes for oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:160. [PMID: 39154038 PMCID: PMC11330442 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human disease-associated gene data are accessible through databases, including the Open Targets Platform, DisGeNET, miRTex, RNADisease, and PubChem. However, missing data entries in such databases are anticipated because of curational errors, biases, and text-mining failures. Additionally, the extensive research on human diseases has led to challenges in registering comprehensive data. The lack of essential data in databases hinders knowledge sharing and should be addressed. Therefore, we propose an analysis pipeline to explore missing entries of unexploited genes in the human disease-associated gene databases. Using this pipeline for genes in Parkinson's disease with oxidative stress revealed two unexploited genes: nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) and ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 2 (UHRF2). This methodology enhances the identification of underrepresented disease-associated genes, facilitating easier access to potential human disease-related functional genes. This study aims to identify unexploited genes for further research and does not include independent experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan.
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan.
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0871, Japan.
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Zhang C, Shao W, Yuan H, Xiao R, Zhang Y, Wei C, Ni X, He N, Chen G, Gui S, Cheng Z, Wang Q. Engineered Extracellular Vesicle-Based Nanoformulations That Coordinate Neuroinflammation and Immune Homeostasis, Enhancing Parkinson's Disease Therapy. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39145985 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Although conventional intervention to microglia can mitigate neuroinflammation in the short term, immune disorders by peripheral inflammatory cells can infiltrate continuously, resulting in an overactivated immune microenvironment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we design engineered extracellular vesicle-based nanoformulations (EVNs) to address multiple factors for the management of PD. Specifically, EVN is developed by coating CCR2-enriched mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCCCR2 EVs) onto a dihydrotanshinone I-loaded nanocarrier (MSeN-DT). The MSCCCR2 EVs (the shell of EVN) can actively show homing to specific chemokines CCL2 in the substantia nigra, which enables them to block the infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells. Interestingly, MSeN-DT (the core of EVN) can promote the Nrf2-GPX4 pathway for the suppression of the source of inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis in microglia. In the PD model mice, a satisfactory therapeutic effect is achieved, with inhibition of peripheral inflammatory cell infiltration, precise regulation of inflammatory microglia in the substantia nigra, as well as promotion of behavioral improvement and repairing damaged neurons. In this way, the combinatorial code of alleviation of inflammation and modulation of immune homeostasis can reshape the immune microenvironment in PD, which bridges internal anti-inflammatory and external immunity. This finding reveals a comprehensive therapeutic paradigm for PD that breaks the vicious cycle of immune overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Ru Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Chaoqi Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Xinyi Ni
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Ning He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Zhifei Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
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Ploper D, Pernicone AO, Tomas-Grau RH, Manzano VE, Socías SB, Teran MDM, Budeguer Isa V, Sosa-Padilla B, González-Lizárraga F, Avila CL, Guayán ML, Chaves S, Cruz H, Vera Pingitore E, Varela O, Chehín R. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Novel Conjugate Molecule with Dopaminergic and Neuroprotective Activities for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2795-2810. [PMID: 38991155 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) underscores the need for innovative therapeutic interventions since current palliative measures, including the standard l-Dopa formulations, face challenges of tolerance and side effects while failing to address the underlying neurodegenerative processes. Here, we introduce DAD9, a novel conjugate molecule that aims to combine symptomatic relief with disease-modifying strategies for PD. Crafted through knowledge-guided chemistry, the molecule combines a nonantibiotic doxycycline derivative with dopamine, preserving neuroprotective attributes while maintaining dopaminergic agonism. This compound exhibited no off-target effects on PD-relevant cell functions and sustained antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the tetracycline precursor. Furthermore, it effectively interfered with the formation and seeding of toxic α-synuclein aggregates without producing detrimental oxidative species. In addition, DAD9 was able to activate dopamine receptors, and docking simulations shed light onto the molecular details of this interaction. These findings position DAD9 as a potential neuroprotective dopaminergic agonist, promising advancements in PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ploper
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Agustín O Pernicone
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo H Tomas-Grau
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Verónica E Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio B Socías
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Del Milagro Teran
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Valentina Budeguer Isa
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Bernardo Sosa-Padilla
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Florencia González-Lizárraga
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - César L Avila
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Laura Guayán
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvina Chaves
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Hernán Cruz
- Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 456, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Esteban Vera Pingitore
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Oscar Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana Chehín
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán - SIPROSA, Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Chen H, Wang X, Chang Z, Zhang J, Xie D. Evidence for genetic causality between iron homeostasis and Parkinson's disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127430. [PMID: 38484633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, and its specific etiology is still unclear. At present, it is believed that the main pathological basis is the reduction of dopamine concentration in the brain striatum. Although many previous studies have believed that iron as an important nutrient element participates in the occurrence and development of PD, whether there is a causal correlation between total iron binding capacity(TIBC), transferring saturation(TSAT), ferritin and serum iron in iron homeostasis indicators and PD, there has been a lack of effective genetic evidence. METHODS We used Mendelian randomization (MR) as an analytical method to effectively evaluate the genetic association between exposure and outcome, based on the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to date. By using randomly assigned genetic instrumental variables (SNPs, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) that are not affected by any causal relationship, we effectively evaluated the causal relationship between iron homeostasis indicators and PD while controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS By coordinated analysis of 86 SNPs associated with iron homeostasis markers and 12,858,066 SNPs associated with PD, a total of 56 SNPs were finally screened for genome-wide significance of iron homeostasis associated with PD. The results of inverse variance weighting(IVW) analysis suggested that iron( β = - 0.524; 95%cl=-0.046 to -0.002; P=0.032) was considered to have a genetic causal relationship with PD. Cochran's Q, Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO global tests did not detect the existence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy (P>0.05). Mr Steiger directionality test further confirmed our estimation of the potential causal direction of iron and PD (P=0.001). In addition, TIBC (β=-0.142; 95%Cl=-0.197-0.481; P=0.414), TSAT (β=-0.316; 95%Cl=-0.861-0.229; P=0.255), and ferritin (β=-0.387; 95%Cl=-1.179-0.405; P=0.338) did not have genetic causal relationships with PD, and the results were not heterogeneous and pleiotropic (P>0.05). In addition, TIBC (β=-0.142; 95%Cl=-0.197-0.481; P=0.414), TSAT (β=-0.316; 95%Cl=-0.861-0.229; P=0.255), and ferritin (β=-0.101; 95%Cl=--0.987 to -0.405; P=0.823) did not have genetic causal relationships with PD, and the results were not heterogeneous and pleiotropic (P>0.05). TIBC (P=0.008), TSAT (P=0.000) and ferritin (P=0.013) were all consistent with the estimation of MR Steiger directivity test. CONCLUSION Our study found that among the four iron homeostasis markers, there was a genetic causal association between serum iron and PD, and the serum iron level was negatively correlated with the risk of PD. In addition, TIBC, TSAT, ferritin had no genetic causal relationship with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Xie Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Ze Chang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Daojun Xie
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
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7
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Selvaraj DB, Panneerselvam A, Vergil Andrews JF, Kandasamy M. Cysteamine HCl Administration Impedes Motor and Olfactory Functions, Accompanied by a Reduced Number of Dopaminergic Neurons, in Experimental Mice: A Preclinical Mimetic Relevant to Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:632. [PMID: 39061373 PMCID: PMC11275195 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine hydrochloride (Cys-HCl) has been established as a potent ulcerogenic agent of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. GI dysfunction and olfactory deficits are the most common clinical symptoms of many movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Cys-HCl has been shown to interfere with dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for motor, olfactory, and cognitive functions. However, the reports on the effect of Cys-HCl treatment on the behavioral aspects and functions of the dopamine system appear to be inconsistent. Therefore, we revisited the impact of Cys-HCl on the motor function in experimental mice using a battery of behavioral tests, such as the pole test (PT), beam-walking test (BWT), and rotarod test (RDT), while the olfactory ability and cognitive functions were examined through the buried-food test (BFT) and Y-maze test. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Cys-HCl on the number of dopaminergic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra (SN) and olfactory bulb (OB) of the experimental mice using immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that Cys-HCl administration in the mice induced significant impairments in their motor balance and coordination, as their movement-related performances were markedly reduced in terms of the behavioral tasks. Mice exposed to Cys-HCl showed pronounced reductions in their odor discrimination abilities as well as cognitive impairments. Strikingly, the number of TH-positive neurons was found to be reduced in the SN and OB of the Cys-HCl-treated group, which is a bonafide neuropathogenic hallmark of PD. This study highlights the potential neurotoxic effects of Cys-HCl in experimental brains and suggests further investigation into its role in the pathogenesis of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bharathi Selvaraj
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; (D.B.S.); (J.F.V.A.)
| | - Anusiya Panneerselvam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India;
| | - Jemi Feiona Vergil Andrews
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; (D.B.S.); (J.F.V.A.)
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; (D.B.S.); (J.F.V.A.)
- University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), New Delhi 110002, India
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8
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Meca AD, Boboc IKS, Mititelu-Tartau L, Bogdan M. Unlocking the Potential: Semaglutide's Impact on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease in Animal Models. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5929-5949. [PMID: 38921025 PMCID: PMC11202139 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Semaglutide (SEM), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has garnered increasing interest for its potential therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This review provides a comprehensive description of SEM's mechanism of action and its effects in preclinical studies of these debilitating conditions. In animal models of AD, SEM has proved beneficial effects on multiple pathological hallmarks of the disease. SEM administration has been associated with reductions in amyloid-beta plaque deposition and mitigation of neuroinflammation. Moreover, SEM treatment has been shown to ameliorate behavioral deficits related to anxiety and social interaction. SEM-treated animals exhibit improvements in spatial learning and memory retention tasks, as evidenced by enhanced performance in maze navigation tests and novel object recognition assays. Similarly, in animal models of PD, SEM has demonstrated promising neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms. These include modulation of neuroinflammation, enhancement of mitochondrial function, and promotion of neurogenesis. Additionally, SEM has been shown to improve motor function and ameliorate dopaminergic neuronal loss, offering the potential for disease-modifying treatment strategies. Overall, the accumulating evidence from preclinical studies suggests that SEM holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for AD and PD. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of SEM's neuroprotective effects and to translate these findings into clinical applications for the treatment of these devastating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Daniela Meca
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.D.M.); (I.K.S.B.)
| | - Ianis Kevyn Stefan Boboc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.D.M.); (I.K.S.B.)
| | - Liliana Mititelu-Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.D.M.); (I.K.S.B.)
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9
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Yi LX, Tan EK, Zhou ZD. Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibitors and Dopamine Receptor Agonists Combination Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4643. [PMID: 38731862 PMCID: PMC11083272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
There are currently no disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss. There is increasing evidence that endogenous dopamine (DA) can be a pathological factor in neurodegeneration in PD. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the key rate-limiting enzyme for DA generation. Drugs that inhibit TH, such as alpha-methyltyrosine (α-MT), have recently been shown to protect against neurodegeneration in various PD models. DA receptor agonists can activate post-synaptic DA receptors to alleviate DA-deficiency-induced PD symptoms. However, DA receptor agonists have no therapeutic effects against neurodegeneration. Thus, a combination therapy with DA receptor agonists plus TH inhibitors may be an attractive therapeutic approach. TH inhibitors can protect and promote the survival of remaining dopaminergic neurons in PD patients' brains, whereas DA receptor agonists activate post-synaptic DA receptors to alleviate PD symptoms. Additionally, other PD drugs, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and anticholinergic drugs, may be used as adjunctive medications to improve therapeutic effects. This multi-drug cocktail may represent a novel strategy to protect against progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration and alleviate PD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao Yi
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
| | - Eng King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Zhi Dong Zhou
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Kalinderi K, Papaliagkas V, Fidani L. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A New Treatment in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3812. [PMID: 38612620 PMCID: PMC11011817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Recent data highlight similarities between neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting a crucial interplay between the gut-brain axis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, known for their use in T2DM treatment, are currently extensively studied as novel PD modifying agents. For this narrative review article, we searched PubMed and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed research, review articles and clinical trials regarding GLP-1R agonists and PD published in the English language with no time restrictions. We also screened the references of the selected articles for possible additional articles in order to include most of the key recent evidence. Many data on animal models and preclinical studies show that GLP1-R agonists can restore dopamine levels, inhibit dopaminergic loss, attenuate neuronal degeneration and alleviate motor and non-motor features of PD. Evidence from clinical studies is also very promising, enhancing the possibility of adding GLP1-R agonists to the current armamentarium of drugs available for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Liana Fidani
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Mahbub NU, Islam MM, Hong ST, Chung HJ. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on α-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1348279. [PMID: 38435303 PMCID: PMC10904658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal behavior of α-synuclein and prion proteins is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion illnesses, respectively, being complex neurological disorders. A primary cause of protein aggregation, brain injury, and cognitive loss in prion illnesses is the misfolding of normal cellular prion proteins (PrPC) into an infectious form (PrPSc). Aggregation of α-synuclein causes disruptions in cellular processes in Parkinson's disease (PD), leading to loss of dopamine-producing neurons and motor symptoms. Alteration in the composition or activity of gut microbes may weaken the intestinal barrier and make it possible for prions to go from the gut to the brain. The gut-brain axis is linked to neuroinflammation; the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota affect the aggregation of α-synuclein, regulate inflammation and immunological responses, and may influence the course of the disease and neurotoxicity of proteins, even if their primary targets are distinct proteins. This thorough analysis explores the complex interactions that exist between the gut microbiota and neurodegenerative illnesses, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion disorders. The involvement of the gut microbiota, a complex collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses etc., in various neurological illnesses is becoming increasingly recognized. The gut microbiome influences neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis, mitochondrial function, and intestinal barrier integrity through the gut-brain axis, which contributes to the development and progression of disease. The review delves into the molecular mechanisms that underlie these relationships, emphasizing the effects of microbial metabolites such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating brain functioning. Additionally, it looks at how environmental influences and dietary decisions affect the gut microbiome and whether they could be risk factors for neurodegenerative illnesses. This study concludes by highlighting the critical role that the gut microbiota plays in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion disease. It also provides a promising direction for future research and possible treatment approaches. People afflicted by these difficult ailments may find hope in new preventive and therapeutic approaches if the role of the gut microbiota in these diseases is better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Uddin Mahbub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Minarul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Thangavel R, Kaur H, Dubova I, Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Raikwar SP, Govindarajan R, Kempuraj D. Parkinson's Disease Dementia Patients: Expression of Glia Maturation Factor in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1182. [PMID: 38256254 PMCID: PMC11154259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor disorders. PD dementia (PDD) is a cognitive disorder that affects many PD patients. We have previously demonstrated the proinflammatory role of the glia maturation factor (GMF) in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD, PD, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in human brains and animal models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of the GMF in the human PDD brain. We analyzed the expression pattern of the GMF protein in conjunction with amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of PDD brains using immunostaining. We detected a large number of GMF-positive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reactive astrocytes, especially abundant in areas with degenerating dopaminergic neurons within the SN and striatum in PDD. Additionally, we observed excess levels of GMF in glial cells in the vicinity of APs, and NFTs in the SN and striatum of PDD and non-PDD patients. We found that the majority of GMF-positive immunoreactive glial cells were co-localized with GFAP-reactive astrocytes. Our findings suggest that the GMF may be involved in the pathogenesis of PDD.
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Janda E, Parafati M, Martino C, Crupi F, George William JN, Reybier K, Arbitrio M, Mollace V, Boutin JA. Autophagy and neuroprotection in astrocytes exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine is negatively regulated by NQO2: relevance to Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21624. [PMID: 38062122 PMCID: PMC10703796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic degeneration is a central feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), but glial dysfunction may accelerate or trigger neuronal death. In fact, astrocytes play a key role in the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier and detoxification. 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) is used to induce PD in rodent models due to its specific toxicity to dopaminergic neurons, but its effect on astrocytes has been poorly investigated. Here, we show that 6OHDA dose-dependently impairs autophagy in human U373 cells and primary murine astrocytes in the absence of cell death. LC3II downregulation was observed 6 to 48 h after treatment. Interestingly, 6OHDA enhanced NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) expression and activity in U373 cells, even if 6OHDA turned out not to be its substrate. Autophagic flux was restored by inhibition of NQO2 with S29434, which correlated with a partial reduction in oxidative stress in response to 6OHDA in human and murine astrocytes. NQO2 inhibition also increased the neuroprotective capability of U373 cells, since S29434 protected dopaminergic SHSY5Y cells from 6OHDA-induced cell death when cocultured with astrocytes. The toxic effects of 6OHDA on autophagy were attenuated by silencing NQO2 in human cells and primary astrocytes from NQO2-/- mice. Finally, the analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets showed elevated NQO2 gene expression in the blood cells of early-stage PD patients. These data support a toxifying function of NQO2 in dopaminergic degeneration via negative regulation of autophagy and neuroprotection in astrocytes, suggesting a potential pharmacological target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Janda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Parafati
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Concetta Martino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Crupi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Karine Reybier
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse III, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, 76000, Rouen, France
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