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Eto T, Kitamura S, Shikano A, Tanabe K, Higuchi S, Noi S. Estimating dim light melatonin onset time in children using delta changes in melatonin. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:239-246. [PMID: 38524157 PMCID: PMC10959870 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to establish a method for estimating dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) using mathematical slopes calculated from melatonin concentrations at three sampling points before and after sleep in children. The saliva of 30 children (mean age ± SD: 10.2 ± 1.3 years old) was collected under dim-light conditions up to six times every hour starting at 17:30 (t17), namely, 18:30 (t18), 19:30 (t19), 20:30 (t20), 21:30 (t21), 22:30 (t22), and 23:30 (t23), in the evening, and at 6:00 (t30) the following morning. We calculated SLOPE on (mathematical slope between melatonin concentrations at t18 and t20, t21 or t22), SLOPE off (the slope between t20, t21 or t22, and t30), and Δ S L O P E , which is generated by subtracting SLOPE on from SLOPE off . DLMO was estimated by multiple regression analysis with the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method using SLOPE on and SLOPE off , and Δ S L O P E . The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the estimated and measured DLMOs was used as the index of estimation accuracy. DLMOs estimated using multiple regression equations with SLOPE on and SLOPE off yielded significant ICCs for the measured DLMOs, with the largest ICC at t20 (ICC = 0.634). Additionally, the ICC between the estimated and measured DLMOs using the equation with Δ S L O P E was significant, with a larger ICC at t20 (ICC = 0.726) than that of the equation with SLOPE on and SLOPE off . Our results showed that DLMO could be estimated with a certain level of accuracy from salivary melatonin levels at three time points before and after sleep in children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-023-00493-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Eto
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553 Japan
- Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 815-8540 Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Shingo Kitamura
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553 Japan
| | - Akiko Shikano
- Research Institute for Children’s Physical Health, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-8508 Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanabe
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-Ku, Tokyo 164-8530 Japan
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 815-8540 Japan
| | - Shingo Noi
- Research Institute for Children’s Physical Health, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-8508 Japan
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Gubin D, Danilenko K, Stefani O, Kolomeichuk S, Markov A, Petrov I, Voronin K, Mezhakova M, Borisenkov M, Shigabaeva A, Yuzhakova N, Lobkina S, Weinert D, Cornelissen G. Blue Light and Temperature Actigraphy Measures Predicting Metabolic Health Are Linked to Melatonin Receptor Polymorphism. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 38248453 PMCID: PMC10813279 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between the light features of the Arctic spring equinox and circadian rhythms, sleep and metabolic health. Residents (N = 62) provided week-long actigraphy measures, including light exposure, which were related to body mass index (BMI), leptin and cortisol. Lower wrist temperature (wT) and higher evening blue light exposure (BLE), expressed as a novel index, the nocturnal excess index (NEIbl), were the most sensitive actigraphy measures associated with BMI. A higher BMI was linked to nocturnal BLE within distinct time windows. These associations were present specifically in carriers of the MTNR1B rs10830963 G-allele. A larger wake-after-sleep onset (WASO), smaller 24 h amplitude and earlier phase of the activity rhythm were associated with higher leptin. Higher cortisol was associated with an earlier M10 onset of BLE and with our other novel index, the Daylight Deficit Index of blue light, DDIbl. We also found sex-, age- and population-dependent differences in the parametric and non-parametric indices of BLE, wT and physical activity, while there were no differences in any sleep characteristics. Overall, this study determined sensitive actigraphy markers of light exposure and wT predictive of metabolic health and showed that these markers are linked to melatonin receptor polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gubin
- Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (K.D.); (A.S.)
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Danilenko
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (K.D.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oliver Stefani
- Department Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Building Technology and Energy, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6048 Horw, Switzerland;
| | - Sergey Kolomeichuk
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Markov
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
| | - Ivan Petrov
- Department of Biological & Medical Physics UNESCO, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Kirill Voronin
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
| | - Marina Mezhakova
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mikhail Borisenkov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of the Federal Research Centre Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia;
| | - Aislu Shigabaeva
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (K.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Natalya Yuzhakova
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
| | - Svetlana Lobkina
- Healthcare Institution of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug “Tarko-Sale Central District Hospital”, 629850 Urengoy, Russia;
| | - Dietmar Weinert
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University, 06108 Halle-Wittenberg, Germany;
| | - Germaine Cornelissen
- Department of Integrated Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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Eto T, Higuchi S. Review on age-related differences in non-visual effects of light: melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex in children to older adults. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:11. [PMID: 37355647 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological effects of light exposure in humans are diverse. Among them, the circadian rhythm phase shift effect in order to maintain a 24-h cycle of the biological clock is referred to as non-visual effects of light collectively with melatonin suppression and pupillary light reflex. The non-visual effects of light may differ depending on age, and clarifying age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light is important for providing appropriate light environments for people of different ages. Therefore, in various research fields, including physiological anthropology, many studies on the effects of age on non-visual functions have been carried out in older people, children and adolescents by comparing the effects with young adults. However, whether the non-visual effects of light vary depending on age and, if so, what factors contribute to the differences have remained unclear. In this review, results of past and recent studies on age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light are presented and discussed in order to provide clues for answering the question of whether non-visual effects of light actually vary depending on age. Some studies, especially studies focusing on older people, have shown age-related differences in non-visual functions including differences in melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex, while other studies have shown no differences. Studies showing age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light have suspected senile constriction and crystalline lens opacity as factors contributing to the differences, while studies showing no age-related differences have suspected the presence of a compensatory mechanism. Some studies in children and adolescents have shown that children's non-visual functions may be highly sensitive to light, but the studies comparing with other age groups seem to have been limited. In order to study age-related differences in non-visual effects in detail, comparative studies should be conducted using subjects having a wide range of ages and with as much control as possible for intensity, wavelength component, duration, circadian timing, illumination method of light exposure, and other factors (mydriasis or non-mydriasis, cataracts or not in the older adults, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Eto
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Circle(s) of Life: The Circadian Clock from Birth to Death. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030383. [PMID: 36979075 PMCID: PMC10045474 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Most lifeforms on earth use endogenous, so-called circadian clocks to adapt to 24-h cycles in environmental demands driven by the planet’s rotation around its axis. Interactions with the environment change over the course of a lifetime, and so does regulation of the circadian clock system. In this review, we summarize how circadian clocks develop in humans and experimental rodents during embryonic development, how they mature after birth and what changes occur during puberty, adolescence and with increasing age. Special emphasis is laid on the circadian regulation of reproductive systems as major organizers of life segments and life span. We discuss differences in sexes and outline potential areas for future research. Finally, potential options for medical applications of lifespan chronobiology are discussed.
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