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Mizuno S, Nagaie S, Tamiya G, Kuriyama S, Obara T, Ishikuro M, Tanaka H, Kinoshita K, Sugawara J, Yamamoto M, Yaegashi N, Ogishima S. Establishment of the early prediction models of low-birth-weight reveals influential genetic and environmental factors: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:628. [PMID: 37653383 PMCID: PMC10472725 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, and increases various disease risks across life stages. Prediction models of LBW have been developed before, but have limitations including small sample sizes, absence of genetic factors and no stratification of neonate into preterm and term birth groups. In this study, we challenged the development of early prediction models of LBW based on environmental and genetic factors in preterm and term birth groups, and clarified influential variables for LBW prediction. METHODS We selected 22,711 neonates, their 21,581 mothers and 8,593 fathers from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation cohort study. To establish early prediction models of LBW for preterm birth and term birth groups, we trained AI-based models using genetic and environmental factors of lifestyles. We then clarified influential environmental and genetic factors for predicting LBW in the term and preterm groups. RESULTS We identified 2,327 (10.22%) LBW neonates consisting of 1,077 preterm births and 1,248 term births. Our early prediction models archived the area under curve 0.96 and 0.95 for term LBW and preterm LBW models, respectively. We revealed that environmental factors regarding eating habits and genetic features related to fetal growth were influential for predicting LBW in the term LBW model. On the other hand, we identified that genomic features related to toll-like receptor regulations and infection reactions are influential genetic factors for prediction in the preterm LBW model. CONCLUSIONS We developed precise early prediction models of LBW based on lifestyle factors in the term birth group and genetic factors in the preterm birth group. Because of its accuracy and generalisability, our prediction model could contribute to risk assessment of LBW in the early stage of pregnancy and control LBW risk in the term birth group. Our prediction model could also contribute to precise prediction of LBW based on genetic factors in the preterm birth group. We then identified parental genetic and maternal environmental factors during pregnancy influencing LBW prediction, which are major targets for understanding the LBW to address serious burdens on newborns' health throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuno
- Department of Informatics for Genomic Medicine, Group of Integrated Database Systems, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaie
- Department of Informatics for Genomic Medicine, Group of Integrated Database Systems, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Department of Statistical Genetics and Genomics, Group of Disease Risk Prediction, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Group of the Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Group of the Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Group of the Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Medical Data Science Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of Statistical Genetics and Genomics, Group of Systems Bioinformatics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Feto-Maternal Medical Science, Group of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Suzuki Memorial Hospital 3-5-5, Satonomori, Iwanumashi, Miyagi, 989-2481, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Department of Informatics for Genomic Medicine, Group of Integrated Database Systems, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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Lucotte EA, Albiñana C, Laurent R, Bhérer C, Bataillon T, Toupance B. Detection of sexually antagonistic transmission distortions in trio datasets. Evol Lett 2022; 6:203-216. [PMID: 35386833 PMCID: PMC8966469 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms are widespread in animals and plants, for morphological as well as physiological traits. Understanding the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism and its evolution is crucial for understanding biological differences between the sexes. Genetic variants with sex‐antagonistic effects on fitness are expected to segregate in populations at the early phases of sexual dimorphism emergence. Detecting such variants is notoriously difficult, and the few genome‐scan methods employed so far have limited power and little specificity. Here, we propose a new framework to detect a signature of sexually antagonistic (SA) selection. We rely on trio datasets where sex‐biased transmission distortions can be directly tracked from parents to offspring, and identify signals of SA transmission distortions in genomic regions. We report the genomic location of six candidate regions detected in human populations as potentially under sexually antagonist selection. We find an enrichment of genes associated with embryonic development within these regions. Last, we highlight two candidate regions for SA selection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A. Lucotte
- Bioinformatic Research Center Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris Paris 75016 France
- Cancer Epidemiology: Gene and Environment INSERM U1018 Paris 75654 France
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution Univ. Paris‐Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris‐Saclay Orsay 91400 France
| | - Clara Albiñana
- Bioinformatic Research Center Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus 8210 Denmark
| | - Romain Laurent
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris Paris 75016 France
| | - Claude Bhérer
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal QC H3G 2M1 Canada
| | - Thomas Bataillon
- Bioinformatic Research Center Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Bruno Toupance
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris Paris 75016 France
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Ali A, Murani E, Hadlich F, Liu X, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. In Utero Fetal Weight in Pigs Is Regulated by microRNAs and Their Target Genes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081264. [PMID: 34440438 PMCID: PMC8393551 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired skeletal muscle growth in utero can result in reduced birth weight and poor carcass quality in pigs. Recently, we showed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes in prenatal skeletal muscle development and pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In this study, we performed an integrative miRNA-mRNA transcriptomic analysis in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of pig fetuses at 63 days post conception (dpc) to identify miRNAs and genes correlated to fetal weight. We found 13 miRNAs in LDM significantly correlated to fetal weight, including miR-140, miR-186, miR-101, miR-15, miR-24, miR-29, miR-449, miR-27, miR-142, miR-99, miR-181, miR-199, and miR-210. The expression of these miRNAs decreased with an increase in fetal weight. We also identified 1315 genes significantly correlated to fetal weight at 63 dpc, of which 135 genes were negatively correlated as well as identified as potential targets of the above-listed 13 miRNAs. These miRNAs and their target genes enriched pathways and biological processes important for fetal growth, development, and metabolism. These results indicate that the transcriptomic profile of skeletal muscle can be used to predict fetal weight, and miRNAs correlated to fetal weight can serve as potential biomarkers of prenatal fetal health and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.A.); (E.M.); (F.H.); (X.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.A.); (E.M.); (F.H.); (X.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.A.); (E.M.); (F.H.); (X.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Xuan Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.A.); (E.M.); (F.H.); (X.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.A.); (E.M.); (F.H.); (X.L.); (K.W.)
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.A.); (E.M.); (F.H.); (X.L.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38208-68703; Fax: +49-38208-68702
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Transcriptomic profiling of Gh/Igf system reveals a prompted tissue-specific differentiation and novel hypoxia responsive genes in gilthead sea bream. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16466. [PMID: 34385497 PMCID: PMC8360970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A customized PCR-array was used for the simultaneous gene expression of the Gh/Igf system and related markers of muscle growth, and lipid and energy metabolism during early life stages of gilthead sea bream (60–127 days posthatching). Also, transcriptional reprogramming by mild hypoxia was assessed in fingerling fish with different history trajectories on O2 availability during the same time window. In normoxic fish, the expression of almost all the genes in the array varied over time with a prompted liver and muscle tissue-specific differentiation, which also revealed temporal changes in the relative expression of markers of the full gilthead sea bream repertoire of Gh receptors, Igfs and Igf-binding proteins. Results supported a different contribution through development of ghr and igf subtypes on the type of action of GH via systemic or direct effects at the local tissue level. This was extensive to Igfbp1/2/4 and Igfbp3/5/6 clades that clearly evolved through development as hepatic and muscle Igfbp subtypes, respectively. This trade-off is however very plastic to cope changes in the environment, and ghr1 and igfbp1/3/4/5 emerged as hypoxic imprinting genes during critical early developmental windows leading to recognize individuals with different history trajectories of oxygen availability and metabolic capabilities later in life.
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Payton A, Clark J, Eaves L, Santos HP, Smeester L, Bangma JT, O'Shea TM, Fry RC, Rager JE. Placental genomic and epigenomic signatures associated with infant birth weight highlight mechanisms involved in collagen and growth factor signaling. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:221-230. [PMID: 32721520 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Birth weight (BW) represents an important clinical and toxicological measure, indicative of the overall health of the newborn as well as potential risk for later-in-life outcomes. BW can be influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors and is known to be heavily impacted in utero by the health and function of the placenta. An aspect that remains understudied is the influence of genomic and epigenomic programming within the placenta on infant BW. To address this gap, we set out to test the hypothesis that genes involved in critical placental cell signaling are associated with infant BW, and are likely regulated, in part, through epigenetic mechanisms based on microRNA (miRNA) mediation. This study leveraged a robust dataset based on 390 infants born at low gestational age (ranged 23-27 weeks) to evaluate genome-wide expression profiles of both mRNAs and miRNAs in placenta tissues and relate these to infant BW. A total of 254 mRNAs and 268 miRNAs were identified as associated with BW, the majority of which showed consistent associations across placentas derived from both males and females. BW-associated mRNAs were found to be enriched for important biological pathways, including glycoprotein VI (the major receptor for collagen), human growth, and hepatocyte growth factor signaling, a portion of which were predicted to be regulated by BW-associated miRNAs. These miRNA-regulated pathways highlight key mechanisms potentially linking endogenous/exogenous factors to changes in birth outcomes that may be deleterious to infant and later-in-life health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeliyah Clark
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hudson P Santos
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Neuroprotective Peptides in Retinal Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081146. [PMID: 31374938 PMCID: PMC6722704 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of many disorders, neuronal death plays a key role. It is now assumed that neurodegeneration is caused by multiple and somewhat converging/overlapping death mechanisms, and that neurons are sensitive to unique death styles. In this respect, major advances in the knowledge of different types, mechanisms, and roles of neurodegeneration are crucial to restore the neuronal functions involved in neuroprotection. Several novel concepts have emerged recently, suggesting that the modulation of the neuropeptide system may provide an entirely new set of pharmacological approaches. Neuropeptides and their receptors are expressed widely in mammalian retinas, where they exert neuromodulatory functions including the processing of visual information. In multiple models of retinal diseases, different peptidergic substances play neuroprotective actions. Herein, we describe the novel advances on the protective roles of neuropeptides in the retina. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms by which peptides affect neuronal death/survival and the vascular lesions commonly associated with retinal neurodegenerative pathologies. The goal is to highlight the therapeutic potential of neuropeptide systems as neuroprotectants in retinal diseases.
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Fleming T, Martinez-Moreno CG, Carranza M, Luna M, Harvey S, Arámburo C. Growth hormone promotes synaptogenesis and protects neuroretinal dendrites against kainic acid (KA) induced damage. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 265:111-120. [PMID: 29454595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that suggests a possible role for GH in retinal development and synaptogenesis. While our previous studies have focused largely on embryonic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), our current study demonstrates that GH has a synaptogenic effect in retinal primary cell cultures, increasing the abundance of both pre- (SNAP25) and post- (PSD95) synaptic proteins. In the neonatal chick, kainate (KA) treatment was found to damage retinal synapses and abrogate GH expression. In response to damage, an increase in Cy3-GH internalization into RGCs was observed when administered shortly before or after damage. This increase in internalization also correlated with increase in PSD95 expression, suggesting a neuroprotective effect on the dendritic trees of RGCs and the inner plexiform layer (IPL). In addition, we observed the presence of PSD95 positive Müller glia, which may suggest GH is having a neuroregenerative effect in the kainate-damaged retina. This work puts forth further evidence that GH acts as a synaptogenic modulator in the chick retina and opens a new possibility for the use of GH in retinal regeneration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fleming
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Carlos G Martinez-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro 76230, Mexico
| | - Martha Carranza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro 76230, Mexico
| | - Maricela Luna
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro 76230, Mexico
| | - Steve Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro 76230, Mexico.
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Khajuria DK, Raygorodskaya M, Kobyliansky E, Gabet Y, Hiram Bab S, Shochat C, Torchinsky A, Karasik D. Evaluation of the long-term skeletal effect induced by teratogen 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine on offspring of high (C3H/HeJ) and low (C57BL/6J) bone mass phenotype mice. Bone Rep 2018; 8:239-243. [PMID: 29955643 PMCID: PMC6020399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The long term skeletal effects of antenatal exposure to teratogen 5-deoxy-2′-cytidine (5-AZA) were studied using two inbred strains, C3H/HeJ (C3H, with inherently stronger bones) and C57Bl/6J (C57, with weaker bones). We previously reported that in-utero exposure to 5-AZA resulted in loss of bone quality in 3- and 6-mo-old C3H offspring. In this study, we further examined whether the long-term effects of an acute teratogenic exposure are still evident in older mice. Bone phenotypes of 12 mo-old mice exposed to a single injection of 5-AZA on day 10 of their mother's pregnancy were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and compared to the untreated controls. The main observation of this study is that 5-AZA-induced loss of bone length was registered in 12-mo-old C57 and C3H males. As expected, we did not find differences in the 3rd lumbar vertebra since in-utero exposure to 5-AZA was shown to affect the limb buds but not the axial skeleton. Trajectory of changes in bone phenotypes from ages 3 mo through 6 mo to 12 mo was also compared; 5-AZA-exposed C57 males had consistently lower femoral length and trabecular BMD than age-matched controls. In summary, by characterizing teratogen-exposed C57 and C3H mice, we further confirmed that the adaptive response to antenatal insults continue into mid-life of the mice as well as there is a sex-specificity of these responses.
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Reynolds CM, Perry JK, Vickers MH. Manipulation of the Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor (GH-IGF) Axis: A Treatment Strategy to Reverse the Effects of Early Life Developmental Programming. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081729. [PMID: 28786951 PMCID: PMC5578119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from human clinical, epidemiological, and experimental animal models has clearly highlighted a link between the early life environment and an increased risk for a range of cardiometabolic disorders in later life. In particular, altered maternal nutrition, including both undernutrition and overnutrition, spanning exposure windows that cover the period from preconception through to early infancy, clearly highlight an increased risk for a range of disorders in offspring in later life. This process, preferentially termed “developmental programming” as part of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) framework, leads to phenotypic outcomes in offspring that closely resemble those of individuals with untreated growth hormone (GH) deficiency, including increased adiposity and cardiovascular disorders. As such, the use of GH as a potential intervention strategy to mitigate the effects of developmental malprogramming has received some attention in the DOHaD field. In particular, experimental animal models have shown that early GH treatment in the setting of poor maternal nutrition can partially rescue the programmed phenotype, albeit in a sex-specific manner. Although the mechanisms remain poorly defined, they include changes to endothelial function, an altered inflammasome, changes in adipogenesis and cardiovascular function, neuroendocrine effects, and changes in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Similarly, GH treatment to adult offspring, where an adverse metabolic phenotype is already manifest, has shown efficacy in reversing some of the metabolic disorders arising from a poor early life environment. Components of the GH-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding protein (GH-IGF-IGFBP) system, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), have also shown promise in ameliorating programmed metabolic disorders, potentially acting via epigenetic processes including changes in miRNA profiles and altered DNA methylation. However, as with the use of GH in the clinical setting of short stature and GH-deficiency, the benefits of treatment are also, in some cases, associated with potential unwanted side effects that need to be taken into account before effective translation as an intervention modality in the DOHaD context can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Han TS, Correa E, Lean MEJ, Lee DM, O'Neill TW, Bartfai G, Forti G, Giwercman A, Kula K, Pendleton N, Punab M, Rutter MK, Vanderschueren D, Huhtaniemi IT, Wu FCW, Casanueva FF. Changes in prevalence of obesity and high waist circumference over four years across European regions: the European male ageing study (EMAS). Endocrine 2017; 55:456-469. [PMID: 27734258 PMCID: PMC5272876 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diversity in lifestyles and socioeconomic status among European populations, and recent socio-political and economic changes in transitional countries, may affect changes in adiposity. We aimed to determine whether change in the prevalence of obesity varies between the socio-politically transitional North-East European (Łódź, Poland; Szeged, Hungary; Tartu, Estonia), and the non-transitional Mediterranean (Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Florence, Italy) and North-West European (Leuven, Belgium; Malmö, Sweden; Manchester, UK) cities. This prospective observational cohort survey was performed between 2003 and 2005 at baseline and followed up between 2008 and 2010 of 3369 community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years. Main outcome measures in the present paper included waist circumference, body mass index and mid-upper arm muscle area. Baseline prevalence of waist circumference ≥ 102 cm and body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively, were 39.0, 29.5 % in North-East European cities, 32.4, 21.9 % in Mediterranean cities, and 30.0, 20.1 % in North-West European cities. After median 4.3 years, men living in cities from transitional countries had mean gains in waist circumference (1.1 cm) and body mass index (0.2 kg/m2), which were greater than men in cities from non-transitional countries (P = 0.005). North-East European cities had greater gains in waist circumference (1.5 cm) than in Mediterranean cities (P < 0.001). Over 4.3 years, the prevalence of waist circumference ≥ 102 cm had increased by 13.1 % in North-East European cities, 5.8 % in the Mediterranean cities, 10.0 % in North-West European cities. Odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals), adjusted for lifestyle factors, for developing waist circumference ≥ 102 cm, compared with men from Mediterranean cities, were 2.3 (1.5-3.5) in North-East European cities and 1.6 (1.1-2.4) in North-West European cities, and 1.6 (1.2-2.1) in men living in cities from transitional, compared with cities from non-transitional countries. These regional differences in increased prevalence of waist circumference ≥ 102 cm were more pronounced in men aged 60-79 years than in those aged 40-59 years. Overall there was an increase in the prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) over 4.3 years (between 5.3 and 6.1 %) with no significant regional differences at any age. Mid-upper arm muscle area declined during follow-up with the greatest decline among men from North-East European cities. In conclusion, increasing waist circumference is dissociated from change in body mass index and most rapid among men living in cities from transitional North-East European countries, presumably driven by economic and socio-political changes. Information on women would also be of value and it would be of interest to relate the changes in adiposity to dietary and other behavioural habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang S Han
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, Egham & Ashford and St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, University of London (ICR2UL), Surrey, UK.
| | - Elon Correa
- School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Michael E J Lean
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Lee
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Terrence W O'Neill
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology & NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - György Bartfai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Albert Szent-György Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gianni Forti
- Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Kula
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, Salford Royal NHS Trust, University of Manchester, Salford, UK
| | - Margus Punab
- Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin K Rutter
- The Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Human Development, Department of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Andrology and Endocrinology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilpo T Huhtaniemi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Andrology Research Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Department of Medicine, CIBER de Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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11
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Yuan L, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zhao R. In ovo leptin administration modulates glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression specifically in the hypothalamus of broiler chickens. Neurosci Lett 2016; 638:181-188. [PMID: 27979697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is well documented to play a crucial role in the central control of energy homeostasis in mammals. However, the distribution and function of the GR in the chicken brain are less clear. Leptin is a key hormone regulating energy homeostasis in mammals, yet its action in the chicken is still under debate. In this study, the distribution of GR mRNA in the chicken brain and the effects of in ovo administration of leptin and its antagonist on early post-hatch growth and GR mRNA expression in different hypothalamic nuclei were investigated via in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative PCR. GR mRNA was widely expressed in the chicken brain, mainly in the corpus striatum, nucleus rotundus, dorsolateral nucleus, nucleus ovoidalis, nucleus reticularis superior and the hippocampus (Hp) and in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. High doses of leptin (5.0μg) significantly promoted post-hatch growth, resulting in a significant high body weight increased by 24.64% at day (D) 21 of life. Meanwhile, hypothalamic expression of GR mRNA in the LL and HL groups was down-regulated significantly by 7.02% and 13.65% respectively (P<0.05). ISH revealed region-specific changes: GR mRNA was found to be significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the paraventricular nucleus, periventricular nucleus and ventromedial nucleus but not in the Hp, infundibular nucleus or lateral hypothalamus of D21 broiler chickens. The leptin antagonist was able to reverse the effect of leptin on the growth rate and hypothalamic GR mRNA expression. These results provide evidence that in ovo administration of leptin influences early post-hatch growth and the hypothalamic expression of GR mRNA in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Poultry Heredity & Breeding, Institute of Poultry Science of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225003, PR China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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12
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Devesa J, Almengló C, Devesa P. Multiple Effects of Growth Hormone in the Body: Is it Really the Hormone for Growth? Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 9:47-71. [PMID: 27773998 PMCID: PMC5063841 DOI: 10.4137/cmed.s38201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we analyze the effects of growth hormone on a number of tissues and organs and its putative role in the longitudinal growth of an organism. We conclude that the hormone plays a very important role in maintaining the homogeneity of tissues and organs during the normal development of the human body or after an injury. Its effects on growth do not seem to take place during the fetal period or during the early infancy and are mediated by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) during childhood and puberty. In turn, IGF-I transcription is dependent on an adequate GH secretion, and in many tissues, it occurs independent of GH. We propose that GH may be a prohormone, rather than a hormone, since in many tissues and organs, it is proteolytically cleaved in a tissue-specific manner giving origin to shorter GH forms whose activity is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Medical Center Foltra, Teo, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Devesa
- Research and Development, Medical Center Foltra, 15886-Teo, Spain
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