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Wang H, Zhou L, Zheng Q, Song Y, Huang W, Yang L, Xiong Y, Cai Z, Chen Y, Yuan J. Kai-xin-san improves cognitive impairment in D-gal and Aβ 25-35 induced ad rats by regulating gut microbiota and reducing neuronal damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118161. [PMID: 38599474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic herbal formula for the treatment and prevention of AD (Alzheimer's disease) with definite curative effect, but its mechanism, which involves multiple components, pathways, and targets, is not yet fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To verify the effect of KXS on gut microbiota and explore its anti-AD mechanism related with gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS AD rat model was established and evaluated by intraperitoneal injection of D-gal and bilateral hippocampal CA1 injections of Aβ25-35. The pharmacodynamics of KXS in vivo includes general behavior, Morris water maze test, ELISA, Nissl & HE staining and immunofluorescence. Systematic analysis of gut microbiota was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The potential role of gut microbiota in the anti-AD effect of KXS was validated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments. RESULTS KXS could significantly improve cognitive impairment, reduce neuronal damage and attenuate neuroinflammation and colonic inflammation in vivo in AD model rats. Nine differential intestinal bacteria associated with AD were screened, in which four bacteria (Lactobacillus murinus, Ligilactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group) were very significant. CONCLUSION KXS can maintain the ecological balance of intestinal microbiota and exert its anti-AD effect by regulating the composition and proportion of gut microbiota in AD rats through the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Lifen Zhou
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Development Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yongchang Xiong
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zhinan Cai
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jinbin Yuan
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Dai F, Lin T, Jin M, Huang X, Wang L, Ma J, Yu H, Fan X, Nong X, Zuo J. Bamboo fiber improves piglet growth performance by regulating the microbial composition of lactating sows and their offspring piglets. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1411252. [PMID: 39081892 PMCID: PMC11287131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1411252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feeding bamboo powder is a kind of fiber raw material mainly composed of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). In this study, IDF-based rice husk meal and feeding bamboo powder were used to compare the effects of bamboo fiber on fecal microflora and the performance of lactating sows and their offspring piglets. Methods Thirty healthy crossbred gilts (Yorkshire × Landrace) at day 105 of gestation were randomly allocated into three groups: CON, TRE1 supplemented with 2% BBF1 (feeding bamboo powder), and TRE2 supplemented with 2% BBF2 (99% feeding bamboo powder +1% bamboo fiber polymer material). The reproductive performance, serum indexes, and fecal microbiota of sows and piglets were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with CON, the average feed intake of sows in TRE1 during the second week of lactation was significantly increased by 21.96% (p < 0.05), the average daily gain (ADG) per litter in TRE1 on 11-21 days and 3-21 days of lactation was significantly increased by 50.68 and 31.61%, respectively (p < 0.05), and the serum triglyceride content of sows in TRE1 on the 21st day of lactation was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis showed that dietary bamboo fiber significantly increased the fecal microbial richness index Ace, Chao, and Sobs of sows (p < 0.05) and tended to increase the Sobs index of suckling piglets on day 21 (p < 0.10). Compared with CON, BBF1 supplementation significantly decreased the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group in feces of sows on days 7 and 21 after delivery (p < 0.05), while BBF2 decreased the genera Christensenellaceae_R-7_group on days 7 (p < 0.10) and 21 (p < 0.05) after delivery. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium in the feces of piglets on the 21st day after delivery was significantly positively correlated with diarrhea rate and significantly negatively correlated with ADG per litter, day 21 litter weight, and 3- to 21-day survival rate. In contrast, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was significantly negatively correlated with diarrhea rate and positively correlated with ADG per litter. Discussion These results indicated that maternal BBF1 supplementation improved the litter weight gain of suckling piglets, which was associated with the improvement of diversity and structure of the fecal microbiota in the piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawen Dai
- Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan, China
| | - Muqu Jin
- Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan, China
| | - Xianlin Fan
- Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan, China
| | - Xiang Nong
- Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Zuo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Yu J, Wang J, Cao C, Gong J, Cao J, Yin J, Wu S, Huang P, Tan B, Fan Z. Maternal intervention with a combination of galacto-oligosaccharides and hyocholic acids during late gestation and lactation increased the reproductive performance, colostrum composition, antioxidant and altered intestinal microflora in sows. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1367877. [PMID: 38933026 PMCID: PMC11199897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1367877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and hyocholic acids (HCA) during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance, colostrum quality, antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota in multiparous sows. Methods A total of 60 healthy multiparous cross-bred sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly fed 4 groups diets as follows: the basal diets (CTRL group), or the basal diets containing only 600 mg/kg GOS (GOS group), 600 mg/kg GOS + 100 mg/kg HCA (GOS + Low HCA group), and 600 mg/kg + 200 mg/kg HCA (GOS + High HCA group) from d 85 of gestation to weaning. Multiple parameters of sows were determined. Results There was a trend of shortening the labor process of sows (p = 0.07) in the GOS group and GOS + Low/High HCA group. Compared with the CTRL group, the GOS + Low/High HCA group increased the average piglets weight at birth (p < 0.05), and increased the IgA concentration of colostrum (p < 0.05). In addition, serum triglyceride (TG) concentration was lower (p < 0.05), and serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was higher (p < 0.05) in the GOS and GOS + Low/High HCA groups than in the CTRL group at farrowing. Serum catalase (CAT) activities was higher in the GOS and GOS + High HCA groups than in the CTRL group at farrowing. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that GOS combination with high-dose HCA shaped the composition of gut microbiota in different reproductive stages (d 107 of gestation, G107; d 0 of lactation, L0; d 7 of lactation, L7). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Desulfobacterota in G107, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria in L0, and Planctomycetota in L7 was increased in GOS + High HCA group (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Streptococcus was positively correlated with the serum TG but negatively correlated with the average piglets weight at birth (p < 0.05). Conclusion This investigation demonstrated that the administration of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in conjunction with hyocholic acids (HCA), to sows with nutrient restrictions during late gestation and lactation, further improved their antioxidant capacity and milk quality. The observed beneficial effects of GOS + HCA supplementation could potentially be linked to an improvement in gut microbiota disorders of the sows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bi’e Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Huangfu W, Cao S, Li S, Zhang S, Liu M, Liu B, Zhu X, Cui Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Shi Y. In vitro and in vivo fermentation models to study the function of dietary fiber in pig nutrition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:314. [PMID: 38683435 PMCID: PMC11058960 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The importance of dietary fiber (DF) in animal diets is increasing with the advancement of nutritional research. DF is fermented by gut microbiota to produce metabolites, which are important in improving intestinal health. This review is a systematic review of DF in pig nutrition using in vitro and in vivo models. The fermentation characteristics of DF and the metabolic mechanisms of its metabolites were summarized in an in vitro model, and it was pointed out that SCFAs and gases are the important metabolites connecting DF, gut microbiota, and intestinal health, and they play a key role in intestinal health. At the same time, some information about host-microbe interactions could have been improved through traditional animal in vivo models, and the most direct feedback on nutrients was generated, confirming the beneficial effects of DF on sow reproductive performance, piglet intestinal health, and growing pork quality. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different fermentation models were compared. In future studies, it is necessary to flexibly combine in vivo and in vitro fermentation models to profoundly investigate the mechanism of DF on the organism in order to promote the development of precision nutrition tools and to provide a scientific basis for the in-depth and rational utilization of DF in animal husbandry. KEY POINTS: • The fermentation characteristics of dietary fiber in vitro models were reviewed. • Metabolic pathways of metabolites and their roles in the intestine were reviewed. • The role of dietary fiber in pigs at different stages was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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Liu M, Liu C, Shi J, Wang P, Chang J, Xu X, Wang L, Jin S, Li X, Yin Q, Zhu Q, Dang X, Lu F. Corn straw-saccharification fiber improved the reproductive performance of sows in the late gestation and lactation via lipid metabolism. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1370975. [PMID: 38606017 PMCID: PMC11007230 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1370975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of animal husbandry, the shortage of animal feedstuffs has become serious. Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in regulating animal health and production performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three kinds of corn straw-saccharification fibers (CSSF) such as high-fiber and low-saccharification (HFLS), medium-fiber and medium-saccharification (MFMS), low-fiber and high-saccharification (LFHS) CSSF on the reproductive performance of sows. Thirty-two primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups, 8 sows for each group. Group A was the basal diet as the control group; groups B - D were added with 6% HFLSCSSF, 6% MFMSCSSF and 6% LFHSCSSF to replace some parts of corn meal and wheat bran in the basal diet, respectively. The experimental period was from day 85 of gestation to the end of lactation (day 25 post-farrowing). The results showed that 6% LFHSCSSF addition significantly increased number of total born (alive) piglets, litter weight at birth (p < 0.05), whereas three kinds of CSSF significantly decreased backfat thickness of sows during gestation (p < 0.001), compared with the control group. Furthermore, CSSF improved the digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and fiber for sows. In addition, the levels of total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum of sows were decreased by different kinds of CSSF. Further analysis revealed that CSSF regulated lipid metabolism through adjusting the serum metabolites such as 4-pyridoxic acid, phosphatidyl cholines and L-tyrosine. In summary, CSSF addition to the diets of sows during late gestation and lactation regulated lipid metabolism and improved reproductive performance of sows. This study provided a theoretical basis for the application of corn straw in sow diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sanjun Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qun Zhu
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co. Ltd., Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Dang
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co. Ltd., Xinxiang, China
| | - Fushan Lu
- Henan Puai Feed Co. Ltd., Zhoukou, China
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Wang J, Liu S, Ma J, Dong X, Long S, Piao X. Growth performance, serum parameters, inflammatory responses, intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaned piglets fed 18% crude protein diets with different ratios of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:313-325. [PMID: 38362516 PMCID: PMC10867559 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The present study was to explore the Ile requirement of piglets fed 18% crude protein (CP) diets. Two hundred and fifty 28-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (8.37 ± 1.92 kg) were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments (10 piglets per replicate, 5 barrows and 5 gilts per replicate) with 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile-to-Lys ratios, and the SID Lys was formulated to 1.19%. The experimental design consisted of two phases (d 1 to 14 and d 15 to 28). Results showed that average daily gain (ADG) had a tendency to quadratically increase as the SID Ile-to-Lys ratio increased (P = 0.09), and the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios required to maximize ADG were 48.33% and 54.63% for broken-line linear model and quadratic polynomial model, respectively. Different SID Ile-to-Lys ratios had no significant effects on average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio. Dry matter (P < 0.01), CP (P = 0.01), ether extract (P = 0.04), gross energy (P < 0.01) and organic matter (P < 0.01) digestibility increased quadratically. Serum total cholesterol levels decreased linearly (P = 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.01); aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.01), interleukin-1β (P = 0.01), and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.01) levels decreased quadratically; immunoglobulin G (P = 0.03) and immunoglobulin M (P = 0.01) concentrations increased quadratically. Serum Ser levels decreased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P = 0.01); Glu (P = 0.02), Arg (P = 0.05), and Thr (P = 0.03) levels decreased quadratically; Gly (P < 0.01) and Leu (P = 0.01) levels decreased linearly; Ile (P < 0.01) concentration increased linearly. Duodenal villus height (P < 0.01) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.01) increased quadratically. The deficiency or excess of Ile decreased short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria abundance and increased pathogenic bacteria abundance. Overall, taking ADG as the effect index, the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios of piglets offered 18% CP diets were 48.33% and 54.63% based on two different statistical models, respectively, and the deficiency or excess of lle negatively affected piglet growth rates and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- CJ International Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201107, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing, 101206, China
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Bai Y, Zhang Y, Chao C, Yu J, Zhao J, Han D, Wang J, Wang S. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Small Intestinal Fermentation on Enhancement of Prebiotic Characteristics of Cellulose in the Large Intestine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3596-3605. [PMID: 38270580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge about the prebiotic characteristics of cellulose by in vitro fermentation is not complete due to the neglect of small intestinal fermentation. This study investigated the effects of small intestinal fermentation on the prebiotic characteristics of cellulose in the large intestine and potential mechanisms through an approach of combined in vivo small intestinal fermentation and in vitro fermentation. The structural similarity between cellulose in feces and after processing by the approach of this study confirmed the validity of the approach employed. Results showed that small intestinal fermentation of cellulose increased both acetate and propionate content and enriched Corynebacterium selectively. Compared to in vitro fermentation after in vitro digestion of cellulose, the in vitro fermentation of cellulose after in vivo small intestinal fermentation produced higher contents of acetate and propionate as well as the abundance of probiotics like Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Blautia, and Bifidobaterium. The changes in the structural features of cellulose after in vivo small intestinal fermentation were more obvious than those after in vitro digestion, which may account for the greater production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the abundance of probiotics. In summary, small intestinal fermentation enhanced the prebiotic characteristics of cellulose in the large intestine by predisrupting its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chen Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jinglin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Zhang Y, Gao C, Zhu M, Chen F, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Zhou Q, Gao X. Astaxanthin, Haematococcus pluvialis and Haematococcus pluvialis Residue Alleviate Liver Injury in D-Galactose-induced Aging Mice through Gut-liver Axis. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:729-742. [PMID: 38692895 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess24003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a keto-based carotenoid mainly obtained from marine organisms, like Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis). Previous studies indicated the protective effects of Astaxanthin and H. pluvialis on aging related oxidative injury in liver, while the potential mechanisms are largely unknown. In addition, H. pluvialis residue is a by-product after astaxanthin extraction, which is rarely studied and utilized. The present study aimed to compare the effects of astaxanthin, H. pluvialis and H. pluvialis residue on the oxidant injury of liver in D-galactose-induced aging mice and explore the potential mechanisms through gut-liver axis. The results showed that all the three supplements prevented D-galactose-induced tissue injury, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in liver and improved liver function. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that astaxanthin notably increased fecal levels of Bacteroidetes, unclassified_f__ Lachnospiraceae, norank_f__Lachnospiraceae, norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014, Prevotellaceae_ UCG-001, unclassified_f__Prevotellaceae in D-galactose-fed mice (p < 0.05). Compared to aging mice, H. pluvialis group had higher fecal levels of norank_f__Lachnospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 (p < 0.05). H. pluvialis residue group displayed higher relative levels of Bacteroidetes, Streptococcus, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the production of fecal microbial metabolites, like SCFAs and LPS was also differently restored by the three supplements. Overall, our results suggest astaxanthin, H. pluvialis and H. pluvialis residue could prevent aging related hepatic injury through gutliver axis and provide evidence for exploiting of H. pluvialis residue as a functional ingredient for the treatment of liver diseases. Future studies are needed to further clarify the effect and mechanism of dominant components of H. pluvialis residue on liver injury, which is expected to provide a reference for the high-value utilization of H. pluvialis resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunhao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University
| | - Mengjia Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University
| | - Fangtian Chen
- Department of Marine Technology, Rizhao Polytechnic; Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Marine Crustacean Resources Comprehensive Utilization; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Utilization Technology of Marine Food Resources; Rizhao Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Marine Food Resources
| | - Yongye Sun
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University
| | - Yu Jiang
- Experimental Animal Platform, Biomedical Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University
| | - Qingxin Zhou
- Department of Marine Technology, Rizhao Polytechnic; Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Marine Crustacean Resources Comprehensive Utilization; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Utilization Technology of Marine Food Resources; Rizhao Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Marine Food Resources
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University
- Shandong Hongzai Biotechnology Co., LTD
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9
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Palumbo F, Bee G, Trevisi P, Girard M. Decreasing the level of hemicelluloses in sow’s lactation diet affects the milk composition and post-weaning performance of low birthweight piglets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2023.2181108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Palumbo
- Agroscope, Swine Research Group, Posieux, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bee
- Agroscope, Swine Research Group, Posieux, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marion Girard
- Agroscope, Swine Research Group, Posieux, Switzerland
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10
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Zhang J, Shu Z, Lv S, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Peng Y, Zheng J, Zhou Y, Hu C, Lan S. Fermented Chinese Herbs Improve the Growth and Immunity of Growing Pigs through Regulating Colon Microbiota and Metabolites. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3867. [PMID: 38136904 PMCID: PMC10740985 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the development of new antibiotic substitutes to promote pig growth and health has become an important way to solve the current dilemma and promote the pig industry. (2) Methods: to assess the effects of a fermented Chinese herbal (FCH) formula on the growth and immunity of growing pigs, 100 Duroc × Landrace × Yorshire three-way crossed growing pigs were randomly divided into control and treatment groups that were fed a basal diet, and a basal diet with 1% (group A), 2% (group B), and 3% (group C) FCH formulas, respectively. A sixty-day formal experiment was conducted, and their growth and serum indices, colonic microbiota, and metabolites were analyzed. (3) Results: the daily gain of growing pigs in groups A, B, and C increased by 7.93%, 17.68%, and 19.61%, respectively, and the feed-to-gain ratios decreased by 8.33%, 15.00%, and 14.58%, respectively. Serum immunity and antioxidant activities were significantly increased in all treatment groups. Particularly, adding a 2% FCH formula significantly changed the colon's microbial structure; the Proteobacteria significantly increased and Firmicutes significantly decreased, and the metabolite composition in the colon's contents significantly changed. (4) Conclusions: these results indicate that the FCH formula is a good feed additive for growing pigs, and the recommended addition ratio was 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhiheng Shu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sixiao Lv
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qingwen Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanhao Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingjie Peng
- Guangdong Chuangzhan Bona Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Guangning 526339, China;
| | - Jun Zheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chao Hu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shile Lan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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11
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Xia Y, Peng S, Lin M, Duan H, Yuan F, Shao M, Tan W, Luo H. Apigenin attenuates visceral hypersensitivity in water avoidance stress rats by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis and inhibiting mast cell activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115562. [PMID: 37801900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and gut microbiota dysbiosis significantly contribute to the occurrence and development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), exacerbated by stress. Apigenin, a natural flavonoid derived from plants, possesses a range of beneficial properties. However, additional research is necessary to investigate its potential in alleviating symptoms of IBS and elucidating its underlying mechanisms of action. Our study confirms that apigenin effectively reverses mast cell and microglial activation, regulates the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota, improves intestinal barrier function in rats induced with water-avoidance stress, and mitigates VH and colonic hypermotility. Furthermore, in vitro studies suggest a potential role of dysbiotic gut microbiota in activating mast cells at the cellular level. Notably, apigenin inhibits mast cell degranulation through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) / myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) / nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In conclusion, this study discusses the potential therapeutic effects of apigenin in alleviating VH and modulating the gut-brain axis in water-avoidance stress rats, providing a novel or alternative treatment approach for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengjuan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Houyu Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fangting Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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12
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Jo H, Kim BG. Effects of dietary fiber in gestating sow diets - A review. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1619-1631. [PMID: 37641826 PMCID: PMC10623041 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the effects of dietary fiber (DF) on reproductive performance in gestating sows. Dietary fibers have been suggested to modulate microbiota in the intestine and the immune system of gestating sows and to improve gut health. Thus, DF may help alleviate the adverse effects of the stressful production cycle of gestating sows. These benefits may subsequently result in improved reproductive performance of sows. Previous studies have reported changes in microbiota by providing gestating sows with DF, and the responses of microbiota varied depending on the source of DF. The responses by providing DF to gestating sows were inconsistent for antioxidative capacity, hormonal response, and inflammatory response among the studies. The effects of DF on reproductive performance were also inconsistent among the previous studies. Potential reasons contributing to these inconsistent results would include variability in reproductive performance data, insufficient replication, influence of other nutrients contained in the DF diets, characteristics of DF, and experimental periods. The present meta-analysis suggests that increasing the total DF concentration by 10 percentage units (e.g., 12% to 22% as-fed basis) in gestating sow diets compared to the control group improves the litter born alive by 0.49 pigs per litter. However, based on the present review, questions remain regarding the benefits of fibers in gestating sow diets. Further research is warranted to clarify the mode of action of fibers and the association with subsequent reproductive performance in gestating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoong Jo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Beob Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
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13
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Sun C, Song R, Zhou J, Jia Y, Lu J. Fermented Bamboo Fiber Improves Productive Performance by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting Chronic Inflammation of Sows and Piglets during Late Gestation and Lactation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0408422. [PMID: 37042787 PMCID: PMC10269633 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04084-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sows exhibit metabolic syndrome and significant changes in intestinal microbiota during late gestation and lactation, affecting sow performance and piglet health. Dietary fiber (DF) is widely applied to improve sow performance by modulating gut microbiota and their by-products. Here, 60 sows were randomly allocated to groups, including CON (8% wheat bran), FBF-1 (1% fermented bamboo fiber), FBF-2 (2.5% fermented bamboo fiber), and FBF-3 (4% fermented bamboo fiber) from day 80 of gestation (G80d) to the end of lactation (L21d). Compared with CON, the FBF-3 diet decreased lactation backfat loss, increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) during lactation, and the weight gain of piglets, while supplementation of FBF increased fecal water content and reduced the rate of constipation in sows. Further, the yield and quality of milk of sows in FBF groups were improved. The FBF-3 diet significantly reduced markers of intestinal permeability (diamine oxidase and endotoxin) and systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in sow serum during lactation, while it increased the anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10). Similarly, the piglets in the FBF-2 and FBF-3 groups had lower levels of IL-6 and higher levels of IgG, IgM, and insulin-like growth factor in serum. In addition, sows fed the 4% FBF diet had higher levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces than CON, and total SCFAs were promoted in piglets from the FBF-3 group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that immunity, inflammation, and intestinal microbiota are closely related to sow performance, which can affect piglet growth. The potential mechanism could be that FBF promoted the enrichment of beneficial genera such as Lachnospira, Lachnospiracea_XPB1014_Group, and Roseburia and the production of SCFAs in the sow's intestine, and reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Fusobacterium, Sutterellaceae, and Sutterella. Meanwhile, the intake of FBF by sows affected the gut microbial composition of their offspring piglets, significantly increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Alistipes and Lachnoclostridium and decreasing the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Trueperella among colonic microorganisms. IMPORTANCE Dietary fiber is widely applied in the nutrition of sows due to its potential value in improving performance and intestinal health. Fermented bamboo fiber, rich in dietary fiber, has not been fully evaluated to be used in sow diets. Sows mobilize body reserves during gestation and lactation due to nutrients being prioritized for lactation purposes while feeding piglets, which generally leads to metabolism and immunity undergoing drastic changes. The main manifestations are increased inflammation and intestinal permeability and disturbed intestinal flora, which ultimately reduces the ADFI and milk quality, thus affecting the growth of piglets. The study described here is the first attempt to provide FBF for sows in late gestation and lactation can reverse this process. The 4% FBF was initially explored to have the most significantly beneficial effect. It provides a potentially effective method for dietary modification to control the gut microbiota and its metabolites to improve sow and piglet health. Moreover, the sow-piglet model offers a reference for investigating the impact of dietary fiber on the intestinal health of human mothers and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansong Sun
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, National Development and Reform Commission, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Song
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, National Development and Reform Commission, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Zhou
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, National Development and Reform Commission, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubiao Jia
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, National Development and Reform Commission, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, National Development and Reform Commission, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Ma Y, Han L, Raza SHA, Gui L, Zhang X, Hou S, Sun S, Yuan Z, Wang Z, Yang B, Hassan MM, Alghsham RS, Al Abdulmonem W, Alkhalil SS. Exploring the effects of palm kernel meal feeding on the meat quality and rumen microorganisms of Qinghai Tibetan sheep. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3516-3534. [PMID: 37324863 PMCID: PMC10261763 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Palm kernel meal (PKM) has been shown to be a high-quality protein source in ruminant feeds. This study focused on the effects of feed, supplemented with different amounts of PKM (ZL-0 as blank group, and ZL-15, ZL-18, and ZL-21 as treatment group), on the quality and flavor profile of Tibetan sheep meat. Furthermore, the deposition of beneficial metabolites in Tibetan sheep and the composition of rumen microorganisms on underlying regulatory mechanisms of meat quality were studied based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry as well as 16S rDNA sequencing. The results of the study showed that Tibetan sheep in the ZL-18 group exhibited superior eating quality and flavor profile while depositing more protein and fat relative to the other groups. The ZL-18 group also changed significantly in terms of the concentration and metabolic pathways of meat metabolites, as revealed by metabolomics. Metabolomics and correlation analyses finally showed that PKM feed mainly affected carbohydrate metabolism in muscle, which in turn affects meat pH, tenderness, and flavor. In addition, 18% of PKM increased the abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, Lachnospiraceae UCG-002, and Family XIII AD3011 group in the rumen but decreased the abundance of Prevotella 1; the above bacteria groups regulate meat quality by regulating rumen metabolites (succinic acid, DL-glutamic acid, etc.). Overall, the addition of PKM may improve the quality and flavor of the meat by affecting muscle metabolism and microorganisms in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University XiningXining810016People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Han
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University XiningXining810016People's Republic of China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry ProductsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Linsheng Gui
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University XiningXining810016People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University XiningXining810016People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhen Hou
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University XiningXining810016People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University XiningXining810016People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University XiningXining810016People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyou Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University XiningXining810016People's Republic of China
| | - Baochun Yang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University XiningXining810016People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of BiologyCollege of Science, Taif UniversityP.O. Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruqaih S. Alghsham
- Department of PathologyCollege of Medicine, Qassim UniversityQassimSaudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of PathologyCollege of Medicine, Qassim UniversityP.O. Box 6655Buraidah51452Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory SciencesCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra UniversityAlquwayiyahRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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15
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Li S, Zheng J, He J, Liu H, Huang Y, Huang L, Wang K, Zhao X, Feng B, Che L, Fang Z, Li J, Xu S, Lin Y, Jiang X, Hua L, Zhuo Y, Wu D. Dietary fiber during gestation improves lactational feed intake of sows by modulating gut microbiota. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:65. [PMID: 37143119 PMCID: PMC10161572 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feed intake of sows during lactation is often lower than their needs. High-fiber feed is usually used during gestation to increase the voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of bulky diets on the appetites of sows during lactation have not been fully clarified. The current study was conducted to determine whether a high-fiber diet during gestation improves lactational feed intake (LFI) of sows by modulating gut microbiota. METHODS We selected an appropriate high-fiber diet during gestation and utilized the fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) method to conduct research on the role of the gut microbiota in feed intake regulation of sows during lactation, as follows: high-fiber (HF) diet during gestation (n = 23), low-fiber (LF) diet during gestation (n = 23), and low-fiber diet + HF-FMT (LFM) during gestation (n = 23). RESULTS Compared with the LF, sows in the HF and LFM groups had a higher LFI, while the sows also had higher peptide tyrosine tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide 1 on d 110 of gestation (G110 d). The litter weight gain of piglets during lactation and weaning weight of piglets from LFM group were higher than LF group. Sows given a HF diet had lower Proteobacteria, especially Escherichia-Shigella, on G110 d and higher Lactobacillus, especially Lactobacillus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus, on d 7 of lactation (L7 d). The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was reduced by HF-FMT in numerically compared with the LF. In addition, HF and HF-FMT both decreased the perinatal concentrations of proinflammatory factors, such as endotoxin (ET), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The concentration of ET and LCN-2 and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the LFI of sows. CONCLUSION The high abundance of Proteobacteria, especially Escherichia-Shigella of LF sows in late gestation, led to increased endotoxin levels, which result in inflammatory responses and adverse effects on the LFI of sows. Adding HF during gestation reverses this process by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, especially Lactobacillus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liansu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Hua
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Uddin MK, Mahmud MR, Hasan S, Peltoniemi O, Oliviero C. Dietary micro-fibrillated cellulose improves growth, reduces diarrhea, modulates gut microbiota, and increases butyrate production in post-weaning piglets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6194. [PMID: 37062780 PMCID: PMC10106463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) supplementation is one of the strategies to prevent on-farm infections; it has the capability to improve gut health and piglet performance. Among the beneficial DFs, micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) is a new-generation plant-derived innovative feed ingredient; MFC, originating from sugar-beet pulp, has a hyper-branched structure with the ability to form shear-thinning hydrogel and has a high water-binding capacity. We aimed to determine the effects of MFC supplementation on piglets' performance before and after weaning. We included 45 sows and their piglets in this trial and monitored the results until the piglets were 7 weeks old. Piglets supplemented with MFC had higher body weight and average daily growth (ADG) than did control piglets, both pre- and post-weaning. In addition, MFC supplementation in post-weaning piglets improved butyrate content, and reduced diarrhea incidence. These phenomena, perhaps due to the MFC supplementation at different stages until age 7 weeks. In addition, after weaning, MFC supplementation stimulated the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus.2, Ruminococcaceae.UCG.014, Intestinibacter, Roseburia, and Oribacterium genera, as well as reduced the pathogenic bacteria, such as Campylobacter, and Escherichia. Evidently, supplementation of MFC in feed to young piglets can improve growth performance and butyric acid content and reduce post-weaning diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Karim Uddin
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Md Rayhan Mahmud
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shah Hasan
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Peltoniemi
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudio Oliviero
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Dang DX, Lee H, Lee SJ, Song JH, Mun S, Lee KY, Han K, Kim IH. Tributyrin and anise mixture supplementation improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, jejunal villus height, and fecal microbiota in weaned pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1107149. [PMID: 36777676 PMCID: PMC9911537 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of tributyrin and anise mixture (TA) on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, fecal score, jejunal villus height, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota of weaned pigs. Methods A total of 150 21-day-old crossbred weaned pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in a randomized complete block design experiment. All pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups based on the initial body weight (6.19 ± 0.29 kg). Each group had 10 replicate pens with 5 pigs (three barrows and two gilts) per pen. The experimental period was 42 days and consisted of 3 phases (phase 1, days 1-7; phase 2, days 8-21; phase 3, days 22-42). Dietary treatments were based on a corn-soybean meal-basal diet and supplemented with 0.000, 0.075, or 0.150% TA. Results and discussion We found that dietary supplementation of graded levels of TA linearly improved body weight, body weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency (P < 0.05). TA supplementation also had positive effects on apparent dry matter, crude protein, and energy digestibility (P < 0.05) and jejunal villus height (P < 0.05). The emission of ammonia from feces decreased linearly with the dose of TA increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, TA supplementation was capable to regulate the fecal microbiota diversity, manifesting in a linearly increased Chao1 index and observed species and a linearly decreased Pielou's index (P < 0.05). The abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Clostridium butyricum were increased, while the abundance of Prevotella copri was decreased, by treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, we speculated that TA supplementation would improve growth performance and reduce fecal ammonia emission through improving nutrient digestibility, which was attributed to the increase of jejunal villus height and the regulation of fecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Lee
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Song
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea,Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea,Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea,Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Kyudong Han ✉
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea,In Ho Kim ✉
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Crome TA, Giesemann MA, Miller HE, Petry AL. Influence of fiber type and carbohydrase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, energy and nitrogen balance, and physiology of sows at mid and late gestation. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad390. [PMID: 38016074 PMCID: PMC10734669 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrase supplementation in grow-finish pig diets improves energy, nutrient digestibility, and gastrointestinal function, but their efficacy in gestation diets is understudied. The experimental objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a multicarbohydrase to improve digestion, energetics, and various physiological functions in gestating sows fed soluble and insoluble fiber diets. On day 28 of gestation, 36 sows (186 ± 4.6 kg body weight), blocked by parity, were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments (n = 9). Factors included fiber type of insoluble (IF; 20% dried distiller grains with solubles) or soluble fiber (SF; 20% sugar beet pulp) and with (+) or without (-) enzyme (0.05%, Rovabio Advance P10; Adisseo, Antony, France). Diets were fed from days 28 to 109 of gestation at a feeding level of 2.1 kg (SID-Lys 11 g/d and 4.5 net energy-Mcal/d). Two separate 9-d metabolism periods were conducted on days 50 to 59 (mid) and 99 to 108 (late) of gestation. During each period, days 1 to 3 served as an adaptation period, days 4 to 7 total urine and feces were collected (96-h) and followed by a 48-h lactulose-mannitol study. Serum and plasma were collected on days 50 and 99. Data were analyzed as repeated records using a linear mixed model with block as a random effect and fiber type, enzyme, and period and their interactions as fixed effects. Sows fed SF+ had increased serum IL-1ra (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.035), and IL-2 (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.042). In the presence of IF, multicarbohydrases increased serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, but not when supplemented with SF (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.028). Circulating IL-8 and TNF-α were decreased in sows fed multicarbohydrases (P < 0.05). Multicarbohydrase supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), dry matter, and neutral detergent fiber by 2.8%, 3.4%, and 8.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared to IF-, the ATTD of hemicellulose was 5.3% greater in sows fed IF+ but did not differ from SF- and SF+ (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.037). Sows fed IF+ had the greatest ATTD of insoluble dietary fiber (Fiber × Enzyme P = 0.011). Sows fed multicarbohydrases excreted less energy in their urine (519 vs. 469 GE kcal/d; Enzyme P = 0.033) and in their feces (985 vs. 900 GE kcal/d; Enzyme P = 0.003). This resulted in an improvement in both digestible energy (Enzyme P < 0.01) and metabolizable energy (Enzyme P = 0.041), irrespective of fiber type. In conclusion, multicarbohydrase supplementation increased the digestibility and energetic contribution of fiber, irrespective of adaptation time or fiber type, but modulation of inflammatory responses was unique to dietary fiber type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Crome
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Hannah E Miller
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Amy L Petry
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Zhang G, Zhao J, Song X, Yang M, Wang H, Wu Y. Feeding dietary fermentable fiber improved fecal microbial composition and increased acetic acid production in a nursery pig model. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad260. [PMID: 37535451 PMCID: PMC10464512 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the fermentable fiber (FF) content of several common fibrous ingredients fed to nursery pigs, and then evaluate the effect of dietary FF level on growth performance and fecal microbial composition. In experiment 1, 54 nursery pigs were randomly allotted to be fed nine diets with six replicate pigs per diet. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and eight test diets based on a mixture of the corn-soybean meal diet and corn distillers dried grains with solubles, sunflower meal, oat bran, wheat bran, corn bran, sugar beet pulp (SBP), apple pomace (AP) or soybean hulls (SH). In experiment 2, 180 nursery pigs were housed in 30 pens (six pigs per pen) and randomly allotted to be fed five diets with different FF to total dietary fiber (TDF) ratios, which were 0.52, 0.55, 0.58, 0.61, and 0.64, respectively. Results showed that the FF content in SBP, AP, and SH was greater (P < 0.01) than that in other ingredients. Water binding capacity of fibrous ingredients was positively correlated (P < 0.05) to the digestibility of TDF, acid detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in test ingredients. Pigs fed the SBP, AP and SH diets had greater (P < 0.05) fecal acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations compared with pigs fed other diets. Fecal acetic acid and total SCFAs concentrations were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with FF content in experimental diets. Average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of pigs quadratically increased (P < 0.01) as the ratios of FF to TDF increased. Pigs in FF64% group showed higher (P < 0.05) ACE index and fecal acetic acid concentration compared with pigs fed the dietary FF/TDF ratio of 0.52 to 0.61. Compared with the classification system of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber, FF could better describe the mechanism by which dietary fiber has beneficial effects on pig gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Swine Nutrition laboratory, Wellhope Foods Co., Ltd., Shengyang 110164, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhuo Y, Zou X, Wang Y, Jiang X, Sun M, Xu S, Lin Y, Hua L, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Che L, Wu D. Nutritional values of cottonseed meal from different sources fed to gestating and non-pregnant sows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad118. [PMID: 37085272 PMCID: PMC10199790 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study set out to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of the nutrients and energy in six cottonseed meal (CSM) feedstuffs fed to pregnant and non-pregnant sows. The six types of CSM were: two expelled CSMs with crude protein (CP) levels of 40.67% and 44.64%, and four solvent-extracted CSMs with CP levels of 45.18%, 51.16%, 56.44%, and 59.63%. Fourteen gestating sows (at the fourth parity with body weights of 220.6 ± 18.4 kg at days 30 of gestation) and 14 non-pregnant sows (after the third parity with body weights of 219 ± 14.6 kg) were assigned to a replicated 7 × 3 Youden square design with seven diets and three periods. The seven diets included an entirely corn-based diet and six diets each containing 20.0% of the six CSMs tested. Each period included a 5-d acclimation to the experimental diets, followed by a 5-d period during which urine and feces were collected. Significant differences were found among the six CSM diets, regardless of reproductive stage, regarding 1) the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.05) and 2) the ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and CP and the gross energy (GE) (P < 0.01). Non-pregnant sows had a greater ATTD of OM and CP (P < 0.01) compared with gestating sows. The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of the six CSM samples ranged from 12.48 to 17.15 MJ/kg and 11.35 to 15.88 MJ/kg, respectively, for non-pregnant sows, and from 12.86 to 16.41 MJ/kg and 12.43 to 14.72 MJ/kg, respectively, for gestating sows. However, the DE, ME, and ME:DE ratios of each CSM were similar between gestating and non-pregnant sows. DE and ME were negatively correlated with NDF and ADF, respectively, but were positively corrected with CP level (P < 0.01). Collectively, the DE, ME, and nutrient digestibility of CSM varied greatly according to the chemical compositions, and CSMs with higher protein and lower fiber levels had greater DE and ME levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangyang Zou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Dai F, Lin T, Huang X, Shi X, Yang Y, Nong X, Zuo J, Liu H. Effects from supplementary feeding of bamboo powder in perinatal period on farrowing process, serum biochemical indexes, and fecal microbes of sows and offspring piglets. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139625. [PMID: 37180231 PMCID: PMC10172644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was conducted to explore the effects of supplementary feeding of bamboo powder on the physical parameters of sows during the perinatal period of 7 days ± in parturition, including farrow duration, serum biochemical indexes, fecal physicochemical indexes, and microbial flora. Methods Thirty pregnant sows were randomly divided into three groups: the control group was fed a basal diet, TRE1 group and TRE2 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 30 g d-1 and 60 g d-1 bamboo powder, respectively. Multiple parameters of sows and offspring piglets were determined. Results The contents of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride of sows in TRE2 group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The contents of serum malondialdehyde of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly lower than that in control group. The water content of sow feces in TRE2 group was significantly higher than that in control group, and the pH values of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly higher than that in control group. The richness index (Chao) of sow fecal bacterial community in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the Ace and Sobs indexes tended to be lower than those of the control group. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while that of Fusobacteriota in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. At the genus level, among the Top10 dominant bacteria, the relative abundance of Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group while that of Fusobacterium in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. The relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter, Turicibacter, and Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of TRE1 group (p < 0.05), while Lactobacillus tended to be higher than that of TRE1 group (p < 0.10). Discussion The results suggested that supplementary feeding 60 g d-1 bamboo powder could increase the water content in the feces of sows, reduce the oxidative damage, and tend to reduce the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogenic Fusobacterium for suckling piglets, while it reduced the fecal microbial diversity of sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawen Dai
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Fawen Dai,
| | - Tao Lin
- Guang’an Feed Industry Management Office, Guang’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Huang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Beijing Vica Group Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yaojun Yang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Nong
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Zuo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Vica Group Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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Effects of Protein-Chelated Zinc Combined with Mannan-Rich Fraction to Replace High-Dose Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Intestinal Health in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233407. [PMID: 36496927 PMCID: PMC9739869 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 168 weaned piglets (average initial body weight of 7.70 ± 0.75 kg) were used in a 4-week feeding trial to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with protein-chelated zinc (Zn-Pro) alone or combined with a mannan-rich fraction (MRF) to replace high-dose zinc oxide (ZnO) for weaned piglets. The dietary treatments included a basal diet as control (CON), a ZnO diet (basal diet + 1600 mg Zn/kg from ZnO), a Zn-Pro diet (basal diet + 60 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Pro), and a MRF plus Zn-Pro diet (MRP, basal diet + 800 mg/kg MRF + 60 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Pro). The average daily gain of piglets in the MRP group was higher (p ≤ 0.05) than that in CON and Zn-Pro groups during d 15-28 and d 1-28 of experiment. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in the MRP group was higher (p ≤ 0.05) than that in the CON group. The serum insulin-like growth factor-1 level in the MRP group was markedly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than that of piglets in the other three treatment groups. Piglets fed the Zn-Pro and ZnO diets had greater (p ≤ 0.05) acetic acid in cecal digesta than those fed the CON diet, while the MRP diet had higher (p ≤ 0.05) cecal propionate concentration than those that were fed the CON diet on d 28 of experiment. Moreover, the villus height of ileum in the MRP group tended to be greater than the CON group (p = 0.09). Compared with the CON and MRP groups, the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae (p = 0.08) and Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.09) in the Zn-Pro group showed an increasing trend. The relative abundance of Prevotellaceae in the Zn-Pro group was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than that in the MRP group. In conclusion, the combined addition of MRF and Zn-Pro acted as a suitable alternative to ZnO to beneficially support the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets, as well as contribute to a lower diarrhea rate and environmental pollution from fecal zinc excretion.
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Sánchez CJ, Barrero-Domínguez B, Martínez-Miró S, Madrid J, Baños A, Aguinaga MA, López S, Hernández F. Use of Olive Pulp for Gestating Iberian Sow Feeding: Influence on Performance, Health Status Indicators, and Fecal Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223178. [PMID: 36428405 PMCID: PMC9686466 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive pulp (Olea europaea) inclusion in the diet of Iberian sows (Sus scrofa) is interesting due to fiber and bioactive compounds content and because both productions are located in the same area. The aim of this trial was to study the effect of olive pulp inclusion at 100 g/kg in Iberian sow’s diet on performance, immunoglobulin and serum parameters, antioxidant status, and fecal microbiota. Forty multiparous Iberian sows (body weight (BW) = 149.6 ± 20.2 kg) were assigned either a control diet (CON) or an experimental diet (PUL) with olive pulp at 100 g/kg. The BW and backfat thickness in sows were measured at post-insemination days 42 and 107, and litter performance was measured on the farrowing day. Blood and fecal samples were collected at gestation day 107. In piglets, blood was sampled when they were 10 days old for immunoglobulin analysis. Albumin, total protein, triglyceride, creatinine, urea, glucose, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in serum were higher (p < 0.05) in PUL sows than in CON sows. The Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus spp. fecal counts were increased (p < 0.05) with olive pulp supplementation compared with the CON sow group. Olive pulp added to gestating Iberian sow’s diet at 100 g/kg has beneficial effects on the fecal microbiota and antioxidant status, without penalizing other gestation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Jesús Sánchez
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-622-540-243
| | | | - Silvia Martínez-Miró
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Alhendín, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Silvia López
- Dcoop Sociedad Cooperativa Andaluza, Carretera Córdoba S/N, 29200 Antequera, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Dang DX, Li CJ, Li SH, Fan XY, Xu W, Cui Y, Li D. Ultra-early weaning alters growth performance, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota in piglets with same genetic background. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:990905. [PMID: 36406459 PMCID: PMC9666885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Piglets with the same genetic background were used to investigate the effects of different lengths of suckling period on growth performance, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota. All piglets were born by a sow (Landrace×Yorkshire). On day 14 postpartum, a total of 16 piglets [Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)] with a similar initial body weight (2.48 ± 0.25 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups with four replicates per group, two pigs per replicate pen (one barrow and one gilt). On day 14 of age, experiment started, piglets from the first group were weaned (14W), whereas the others continued to receive milk until day 28 of age (28W). The experiment completed on day 70 of age, last 56 days. Growth performance parameters including body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth rate and hematology parameters including immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin, globulin, and total protein were measured in this study. Additionally, a technique of 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze fecal microbiota for revealing how the changes in the lengths of suckling period on intestinal microbiota. We found that ultra-early weaning impaired growth performance of piglets, whose worse body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth rate were observed in 14W group at all measured timepoints in comparison with those in 28W group (P < 0.05). Moreover, higher contents of serum IgA (P = 0.028), IgG (P = 0.041), and IgM (P = 0.047), as well as lower contents of serum albumin (P = 0.002), albumin-to-globulin ratio (P = 0.003), and total protein (P = 0.004), were observed in 14W group in comparison with those in 28W group on day 28 of age, but not on day 70 of age. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA indicated that the intestinal microbiota richness in 14W group was lower than that in 28W group (P < 0.05); moreover, in comparison with 28W group at all sampling timepoints, fecal microbiota in 14W group showed more beneficial bacteria and fewer pathogenic bacteria (P < 0.05). Therefore, we considered that ultra-early weaning had positive effects on immune status and fecal microbiota composition in piglets, but negative effects on growth performance and fecal microbiota abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Cheng Ji Li
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Shi Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xin Yan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Desheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,*Correspondence: Desheng Li,
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Ma J, Huangfu W, Yang X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhu X, Wang C, Shi Y, Cui Y. “King of the forage”—Alfalfa supplementation improves growth, reproductive performance, health condition and meat quality of pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1025942. [PMCID: PMC9667112 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1025942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As one kind of high-quality feed with rich nutrients, including high quality protein and amino acids, dietary fiber, enriched vitamins and mineral elements and bioactive molecules, alfalfa has been widely used in the production of ruminant livestock. As the understanding of alfalfa becomes more and more comprehensive, it is found that the high-quality nutrients in alfalfa could have positive effects on pigs. An increasing number of researches have shown that supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of gestating sows reduced constipation, alleviated abnormal behavior, improved satiety and reproductive performance; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of piglets improved growth performance and intestinal barrier function, reduced intestinal inflammatory response and diarrhea; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of growing-fattening pigs improved production performance and pork quality. Moreover, the mechanisms by which various nutrients of alfalfa exert their beneficial effects on pigs mainly including dietary fiber stimulating intestinal peristalsis, enhancing the activity of digestive enzymes, and promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract through fermentation in the intestine, producing short-chain fatty acids and thus improving intestinal health; high quality protein and amino acids are beneficial to improve animal health condition; rich vitamins and mineral elements play an important role in various physiological functions and growth and development of the body; and bioactive molecules can improve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory level. Therefore, alfalfa could be used as pig feed ingredient to alleviate various problems in the pig industry and to improve pig production performance. In this review, we detail the current application of alfalfa in pigs and discuss the potential mechanisms involved in how alfalfa improves growth and reproductive performance, pork quality, and intestinal health of the animals, thus laying the foundation for the increased application of high-quality forage in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junying Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Yinghua Shi
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yalei Cui
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Feng T, Xiao L, Bai J, Ding H, Pang L, Song Y, Qin Y, Xu X, Wang J, Liu Y. N-Carbamylglutamate Improves Reproductive Performance and Alters Fecal Microbiota and Serum Metabolites of Primiparous Sows during Gestation after Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101432. [PMID: 36290336 PMCID: PMC9598523 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation during gestation improves reproductive performance in sows after conventional artificial insemination. However, whether NCG can improve reproductive performance and change fecal microbiota and serum metabolite levels during pregnancy in sows after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) remains unclear. Two hundred multiparous sows were assigned a diet from mating until farrowing: control (corn−soybean meal) or NCG supplementation (0.05% NCG). At days 30, 70, and 110 of gestation and after farrowing, maternal microbial diversity and serum metabolites were studied. Supplementation of NCG increased the number of piglets born alive and the litter weight (all p < 0.05) and altered the fetal microbial community during gestation. Some genera were particularly abundant at different time points during gestation and after farrowing, but none were commonly abundant across all four time points. Metabolic analysis revealed that NCG supplementation significantly increased the serum concentrations of NCG, ferulic acid, cinnamoylglycine, 3-phenyllactic acid, and gamma-glutamylglutamic acid in the NCG group compared with levels in the control group. Our results reveal that NCG supplementation during gestation improves reproductive performance in sows after FTAI, exerting both direct (increased serum NCG levels) and indirect effects (altered intestinal microbiome and serum metabolites) on sow reproduction and, ultimately, improving placental and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Linli Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiahua Bai
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hongxiang Ding
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Liyan Pang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuqing Song
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yusheng Qin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (Y.L.)
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Wen X, Luo S, Lv D, Jia C, Zhou X, Zhai Q, Xi L, Yang C. Variations in the fecal microbiota and their functions of Thoroughbred, Mongolian, and Hybrid horses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:920080. [PMID: 35968025 PMCID: PMC9366519 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.920080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The horse gut is colonized by a rich and complex microbial community that has important roles in horse physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune functions. Fewer across-breed variations in horse gut microbial diversity have been illustrated. In this article, the gut microbiota of Thoroughbred, Mongolian, and Hybrid horses [first filial generation (F1) of Mongolian (maternal) and Thoroughbred (paternal)] were studied by second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology. Differences in gut microbiota composition and function between breeds were determined using diversity and functional prediction analysis. The alpha diversity analysis showed that Thoroughbred horses had a more abundant and diverse gut microbiota, while the diversity of gut microbiota in Hybrid horses was intermediate between Thoroughbred and Mongolian horses. Subsequent cluster analysis showed that Hybrid horses have a microbiota composition more similar to Mongolian horses. LEfSe analysis revealed that the bacterial biomarkers for Thoroughbred horses at the family level were Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Fibrobacteraceae, p_251_o5, Lactobacillaceae, and uncultured_bacterium_o_WCHB1_41; the bacterial biomarker for Mongolian horses was Planococcaceae; and the bacterial biomarkers for Hybrid horses were Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. The functional prediction results indicated that the metabolic pathways differ significantly between the breeds. Regarding metabolism, the Hybrid horses had the lowest proportion of the carbohydrate metabolic pathways, while the energy metabolic pathway had the highest proportion. The abundance ratios of the remaining eight metabolic pathways in Hybrid horses were between Thoroughbred and Mongolian horses. In conclusion, the results of this study showed an association between horse breeds and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wen
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianhong Lv
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Jia
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiurong Zhou
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xi
| | - Caijuan Yang
- National S&T Innovation Center for Modern Agricultural Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Caijuan Yang
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Effects of Backfat Thickness on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation of Placenta in Large White Pigs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060302. [PMID: 35737354 PMCID: PMC9230826 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the backfat thickness of sows on reproductive performance and on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. At farrowing, 60 sows were assigned to three groups: the low-backfat-thickness group (LBF, n = 20): sows’ backfat thickness was between 9 and 12 mm; the medium-backfat-thickness group (MBF, n = 20): sows’ backfat thickness was between 13 and 20 mm; and the high-backfat-thickness group (HBF, n = 20): sows’ backfat thickness was between 21 and 25 mm. Maternal and fetal blood and placental samples were collected. Compared with the LBF and HBF groups, the MBF group delivered a significantly greater number of live piglets than the LBF or HBF groups. The different backfat thicknesses of sows had different effects on the lipid-related hormones and adipokines of maternal and fetal serum and placenta. Sows with poor or excessive backfat displayed higher levels of oxidative stress and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. According to these data, the thickness of a sow’s backfat affects the characteristics of farrowing piglets and their lipid metabolism, as well as placental inflammation, maternal inflammation, and oxidative stress. A moderate backfat thickness (between 13 and 20 mm) was associated with greater reproductive performance in sows.
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Lu D, Pi Y, Ye H, Wu Y, Bai Y, Lian S, Han D, Ni D, Zou X, Zhao J, Zhang S, Kemp B, Soede N, Wang J. Consumption of Dietary Fiber with Different Physicochemical Properties during Late Pregnancy Alters the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Constipation in Sow Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:2511. [PMID: 35745241 PMCID: PMC9229973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a common problem in sows and women during late pregnancy. Dietary fiber has potential in the regulation of intestinal microbiota, thereby promoting intestinal motility and reducing constipation. However, the effects of fibers with different physicochemical properties on intestinal microbe and constipation during late pregnancy have not been fully explored. In this study, a total of 80 sows were randomly allocated to control and one of three dietary fiber treatments from day 85 of gestation to delivery: LIG (lignocellulose), PRS (resistant starch), and KON (konjaku flour). Results showed that the defecation frequency and fecal consistency scores were highest in PRS. PRS and KON significantly increased the level of gut motility regulatory factors, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), motilin (MTL), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum. Moreover, PRS and KON promoted the IL-10 level and reduced the TNF-α level in serum. Furthermore, maternal PRS and KON supplementation significantly reduced the number of stillborn piglets. Microbial sequencing analysis showed that PRS and KON increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and decreased the abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria Desulfovibrio and Oscillibacter in feces. Moreover, the relative abundance of Turicibacter and the fecal butyrate concentration in PRS were the highest. Correlation analysis further revealed that the defecation frequency and serum 5-HT were positively correlated with Turicibacter and butyrate. In conclusion, PRS is the best fiber source for promoting gut motility, which was associated with increased levels of 5-HT under specific bacteria Turicibacter and butyrate stimulation, thereby relieving constipation. Our findings provide a reference for dietary fiber selection to improve intestinal motility in late pregnant mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hao Ye
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Y.); (B.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuai Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongjiao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinhua Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Y.); (B.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Nicoline Soede
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Y.); (B.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
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Xylooligosaccharide-mediated gut microbiota enhances gut barrier and modulates gut immunity associated with alterations of biological processes in a pig model. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effects of micronized bamboo powder on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, cecal chyme microflora and metabolism of broilers aged 1-22 days. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:166. [PMID: 35437649 PMCID: PMC9015971 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Adding insoluble fiber to diet of broilers has been reported to improve intestinal health and promote growth performance. Bamboo powder is a cheap raw material with rich insoluble fiber. This study aims to explore the effects of feeding micronized bamboo powder (MBP) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, intestinal microflora, and metabolism of broilers. A total of 1440 1-day-old slow-growing Ephedra chickens were randomly divided into three groups considering gender and body weight: (1) Group D: feeding with basal diet without antibiotics; (2) Group E: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 5% rice bran (RB); (3) Group F: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 1% MBP. Each group involved 8 replicates feeding for 22 days, with 60 chickens per replicate. Various indexes were detected. For the growth performance, the weight gain and feed consumption ratio (G: F) of Group F supplemented with MBP is 0.57 ± 0.04, which is significantly higher than that of E group supplemented with RB (0.52 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). For the serum biochemical indexes, the glutathione peroxidase activity in Group F is significantly higher than that of Group D, while the malondialdehyde content is significantly lower than that of Group D and Group E (P < 0.05 for all). The fresh cecal chyme is taken for determination. In Group F, the α diversity index Faith_pd is significantly lower in Group F than that of Group D. The microorganism species in cecal chyme of Group F and Group E are also different. The metabolic pathways of Group F, mainly in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and intestinal immune IgA production, were different from those of Group D and Group E. Adding 1% MBP to broiler diet can enhance the anti-oxidant capacity, improve chyme microflora, regulate the metabolism pathways responsible for intestinal fatty acids, amino acids, and immunity.
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Wang W, Huang C, Hu Y, Johnston L, Wang F. Dietary Supplementation With Fine-Grinding Wheat Bran Improves Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Response via Modulating the Gut Microbiota Structure in Pregnant Sow. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835950. [PMID: 35418966 PMCID: PMC8999112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fine-grinding wheat bran on pregnant sow body condition, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota. In this study, wheat bran was crushed into three particle sizes. A total of 60 Landrace × Yorkshire second parity sows were allotted to two groups: CWB (a diet containing coarse wheat bran with particle size of 605 μm) and FWB (a diet containing fine wheat bran with particle size of 438 μm). Fine-grinding wheat bran had higher soluble dietary fiber concentration, swelling capacity, water-holding capacity, and fermentability than coarse wheat bran. Pregnant sows fed FWB throughout pregnancy had lower body weight and fat deposition than sows fed CWB. And the piglet body weight at birth of the FWB group was remarkably increased. Serum concentrations of lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid), interleukin 6, leptin, and resistin were decreased on day 90 of pregnancy by fine wheat bran supplementation. Feeding FWB significantly decreased abundance of Firmicutes and dramatically increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes at phylum level. At genus level, the abundance of Terrisporobacter was decreased in FWB feeding sows, but the abundance of Parabacteroides was increased. Fecal total short-chain fatty acids, propionate, and butyrate contents were markedly increased in the FWB group. The results suggested that the physicochemical properties of finely ground wheat bran had been improved. Dietary supplementation with fine wheat bran changed the gut microbiota structure and enhanced the short-chain fatty acids level, which improved the maternal body condition, metabolic and inflammatory status, and reproductive performance in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Huang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, United States
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Oh S, Hosseindoust A, Ha S, Moturi J, Mun J, Tajudeen H, Kim J. Metabolic Responses of Dietary Fiber during Heat Stress: Effects on Reproductive Performance and Stress Level of Gestating Sows. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040280. [PMID: 35448467 PMCID: PMC9028640 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is an important issue, and the addition of fiber to the diet is an option in modifying intestinal health. This study evaluated the effect of acid detergent fiber (ADF) levels on reproductive performance, intestinal integrity, and metabolism of gestating sows, and its carry-over effect on the lactation period during heat stress. The diets included 4.3% (Low fiber; LF), 5.4% (Medium fiber; MF), and 6.5% (High fiber; HF) ADF. Sows fed the HF diet showed a lower respiratory rate, hair cortisol concentration, and farrowing duration compared with the LF treatment. The HF diet increased the pyruvate, citrate cycle, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, and thiamine metabolism compared with the MF. The concentration of acetate and total short-chain fatty acids were increased in the sows fed the HF diet. The gene expression of glucose transporter 3 and glucose transporter 4 was increased in the HF treatment. The gene expression of heat shock protein 70 was decreased in the HF treatment. The HF diet during gestation increased feed intake, constipation index, piglet weight, and litter weight compared with the LF. Sows in the LF treatment showed the greatest digestibility of crude protein and the lowest digestibility of ADF. In conclusion, a 6.5% ADF level is recommended for gestating sows during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungMin Oh
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 63052, Korea;
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - SangHun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Joseph Moturi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - JunYoung Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - JinSoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8614
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34
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Chen J, Lei XJ, Wang L, Zhang YL, Wang DD, Zhao LC, Liu T, Yang YT, Yao JH. Effects of rumen-protected leucine on production performance and starch digestion in the small intestine of lactating goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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35
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Li Q, Yang S, Zhang X, Liu X, Wu Z, Qi Y, Guan W, Ren M, Zhang S. Maternal Nutrition During Late Gestation and Lactation: Association With Immunity and the Inflammatory Response in the Offspring. Front Immunol 2022; 12:758525. [PMID: 35126349 PMCID: PMC8814630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The immature immune system at birth and environmental stress increase the risk of infection in nursing pigs. Severe infection subsequently induces intestinal and respiratory diseases and even cause death of pigs. The nutritional and physiological conditions of sows directly affect the growth, development and disease resistance of the fetus and newborn. Many studies have shown that providing sows with nutrients such as functional oligosaccharides, oils, antioxidants, and trace elements could regulate immunity and the inflammatory response of piglets. Here, we reviewed the positive effects of certain nutrients on milk quality, immunoglobulin inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and intestinal microflora of sows, and further discuss the effects of these nutrients on immunity and the inflammatory response in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingao Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Fengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Man Ren, ; Shihai Zhang,
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Man Ren, ; Shihai Zhang,
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Wang J, Lv M, Zhou C, Jia L, Geng W. Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW18 from Kefir enhances the anti-tumor effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy by modulating gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:10023-10033. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01747d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The research of probiotics assisting PD-1 inhibitors in anti-tumor has attracted widespread attention. Therefore, it is significative to find new probiotic strains with PD-1 inhibitors promoting effect. This study aims...
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37
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Yang C, Tang X, Duan Y, Tang J, Tang Q, Yang H, Bin D, Liu J. Effect of Mulberry Leaf powder on reproductive performance, serum indexes and milk amino acid composition in lactating sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1258-1267. [PMID: 34927293 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Experiment was conducted to study the effects of Mulberry Leaf (ML) powder on reproductive performance, serum and milk amino acid composition in sows. Fifty sows (D 85 at gestation) with parity 3 or 4 were randomly divided into 5 groups: C, M100, M200, M300 and M400, receiving 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g ML powder per sow per day. Blood and milk of sows at Days 1 and 21 of lactation were collected. Results showed that average daily feed intake (ADFI) during lactation was higher in groups supplemented ML compared with control group (p < 0.01). Litter weight gain during lactation was higher in M400 than in groups M200 and C (p < 0.05), with no significant difference compared with M100 and M300. Serum glucose concentration in groups M400 and M300 was higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.01). Serum HDL-C concentration in group M400 was significantly greater than those in groups M100 and M200 (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between group M400 and groups M300, control. Milk amino acid concentrations such as isoleucine, leucine, lysine and valine were all lower in group M400 than in control (p < 0.01). Serum methionine (Met) concentration was higher in M300 than in other groups (p < 0.01). Milk Met concentration in group C was higher than those of the sows in the group M400, with no significant difference compared with groups M100, M200 and M300 (p < 0.05). Serum Lys and Met concentrations were lower in M400 than in control group (p < 0.05). In summary, our results have revealed the ML supplementation at a high dose such as 300 g/day during later gestation and lactation showed benefit in regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism in sows and then improved growth performance of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - XiaoWu Tang
- Hunan Vocational Technical College of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - YangYang Duan
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - JiaoYu Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - QingHai Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hai Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - DongMei Bin
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Xiangcun High-technology Agricultural Co. LTD, Loudi, Hunan, China
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Zhang J, Liu S, Sun H, Jiang Z, Zhou Z, Han X, Zhou Y, Sun H, Zhou W, Mao J. Enzyme Production Potential of Penicillium oxalicum M1816 and Its Application in Ferulic Acid Production. Foods 2021; 10:2577. [PMID: 34828858 PMCID: PMC8621443 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on isolating an efficient enzyme production microorganism for ferulic acid (FA) production from wheat bran. A wild-type cellulase-, xylanase-, and feruloyl esterase-producing strain was isolated and identified as Penicillium oxalicum M1816. The genome was sequenced and assembled into 30.5 Mb containing 8301 predicted protein-coding genes. In total, 553 genes were associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Genomic CAZymes analysis indicated that P. oxalicum M1816, comprising 39 cellulolytic enzymes and 111 hemicellulases (including 5 feruloyl esterase genes), may play a vital role in wheat bran degradation and FA production. The crude enzyme of strain M1816 could release 1.85 ± 0.08 mg·g-1 FA from de-starched wheat bran (DSWB) at 12 h, which was significantly higher than other commercial enzymes. Meanwhile, when the strain M1816 was cultured in medium supplemented with DSWB, up to 92.89% of the total alkali-extractable FA was released. The process parameters of solid-state fermentation were optimized to enhance enzyme production. The optimized wheat bran Qu of P. oxalicum M1816 was applied to huangjiu fermentation, and the FA content was increased 12.4-fold compared to the control group. These results suggest that P. oxalicum M1816 is a good candidate for the development of fermented foods bio-fortified with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Hailong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhengfei Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Xiao Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Yongxiang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Honggen Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Weibiao Zhou
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
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Tang S, Zhang S, Zhong R, Su D, Xia B, Liu L, Chen L, Zhang H. Time-course alterations of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids after short-term lincomycin exposure in young swine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8441-8456. [PMID: 34651253 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that antibiotic administration causes gut injury, negatively affecting nutrient digestion, immune regulation, and colonization resistance against pathogens due to the disruption of gut microbiota. However, the time-course effects of therapeutic antibiotics on alterations of gut microbes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in young swine are still unknown. In this study, twenty piglets were assigned into two groups and fed commercial diets with or without lincomycin in the first week for a 28-day trial period. Results showed that 1-week lincomycin exposure (LE) did reduce the body weight on day 14 (p = 0.0450) and 28 (p = 0.0362). The alpha-diversity notably reduced after 1-week LE, and then gradually raised and reached the control group level in the second week on cessation of LE, indicated by the variation of Sobs, Chao, Shannon, and ACE index (p < 0.05). Beta-diversity analysis revealed that the distinct microbial cluster existed persistently for the whole trial period between two groups (p < 0.001). The relative abundance of most microbes including fiber-degrading (e.g., Agathobacter and Coprococcus), beneficial (e.g., Lactobacillus and Mitsuokella), or pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Terrisporobacter and Lachnoclostridium) decreased (LDA score > 3), and the concentration of SCFAs also diminished in the feces of 1-week lincomycin-administrated young swine, indicating that therapeutic LE killed most bacteria and reduced SCFA production with gut dysbiosis occurring. After the LE stopped, the state of gut dysbiosis gradually attenuated and formed new gut-microbe homeostasis distinct from microbial homeostasis of young pigs unexposed to lincomycin. The increased presence of potential pathogens, such as Terrisporobacter, Negativibacillus, and Escherichia-Shigella, and decreased beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Agathobacter, were observed in new homeostasis reshaped by short-lincomycin administration (LDA score > 3 or p < 0.05), adversely affecting gut development and health of young pigs. Collectively, these results suggested that severe disruption of the commensal microbiota occurred after short-term LE or termination of LE in young swine. KEY POINTS: • Therapeutic lincomycin exposure induced gut dysbiosis, killing most bacteria and reducing short-chain fatty acid production. • Gut dysbiosis gradually attenuated and formed new homeostasis after lincomycin exposure stopped. • The new homeostasis, increased Escherichia-Shigella etc. and decreased Lactobacillus etc., was potentially harmful to gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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Bernad-Roche M, Bellés A, Grasa L, Casanova-Higes A, Mainar-Jaime RC. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Protected Sodium Butyrate on Gut Microbiota in Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072137. [PMID: 34359264 PMCID: PMC8300649 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The addition of protected sodium butyrate to the diet of fattening pigs during the whole fattening period (≈90 days) at a dose of 3 kg per ton of feed, did not modify the overall richness of microbiota composition of the pigs at slaughter, but may have caused some significant changes in specific taxa that could be associated with better gut health parameters. In any case, these results should be taken with caution, as the role of a given taxon on the pig’s gut health is influenced by numerous variables such as age, diet, environment, treatments, other taxa present, infections, or even the physiological status of the animal. Abstract The study assessed changes in the gut microbiota of pigs after dietary supplementation with protected sodium butyrate (PSB) during the growing-fattening period (≈90 days). One gram of colon content from 18 pigs (9 from the treatment group -TG- and 9 from the control group -CG-) was collected. Bacterial DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA high-throughput amplicon sequencing used to assess microbiota changes between groups. The groups shared 75.4% of the 4697 operational taxonomic units identified. No differences in alpha diversity were found, but significant differences for some specific taxa were detected between groups. The low-represented phylum Deinococcus-Thermus, which is associated with the production of carotenoids with antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, was increased in the TG (p = 0.032). Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Terrisporobacter were increased in the TG. Members of these families have the ability to ferment complex dietary polysaccharides and produce larger amounts of short chain fatty acids. Regarding species, only Clostridium butyricum was increased in the TG (p = 0.048). Clostridium butyricum is well-known as probiotic in humans, but it has also been associated with overall positive gut effects (increased villus height, improved body weight, reduction of diarrhea, etc.) in weanling pigs. Although the use of PSB did not modify the overall richness of microbiota composition of these slaughter pigs, it may have increased specific taxa associated with better gut health parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bernad-Roche
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (A.C.-H.)
| | - Andrea Bellés
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Alejandro Casanova-Higes
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (A.C.-H.)
| | - Raúl Carlos Mainar-Jaime
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (A.C.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-762-088
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