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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Ahmed ZHT, Singh P, Maqbool M, Meenatchi R, Pugazhendhi A, Sharma A. The ruminant gut microbiome vs enteric methane emission: The essential microbes may help to mitigate the global methane crisis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:119661. [PMID: 39043353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Ruminants release enteric methane into the atmosphere, significantly increasing greenhouse gas emissions and degrading the environment. A common focus of traditional mitigation efforts is on dietary management and manipulation, which may have limits in sustainability and efficacy, exploring the potential of essential microorganisms as a novel way to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants; a topic that has garnered increased attention in recent years. Fermentation and feed digestion are significantly aided by essential microbes found in the rumen, such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The practical implications of the findings reported in various studies conducted on rumen gut concerning methane emissions may pave the way to understanding the mechanisms of CH4 production in the rumen to enhance cattle feed efficiency and mitigate CH4 emissions from livestock. This review discussed using essential bacteria to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants. It investigates how particular microbial strains or consortia can alter rumen fermentation pathways to lower methane output while preserving the health and productivity of animals. We also describe the role of probiotics and prebiotics in managing methane emissions using microbial feed additives, some recent studies involving microbial interventions have been discussed. The use of new methods involving functional metagenomics and meta-transcriptomics for exploring the rumen microbiome structure has been highlighted. This review also emphasizes the challenges faced in altering the gut microbiome and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India; Future Leaders Mentoring Fellow, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA
| | - Z H Tawfeeq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Mohsin Maqbool
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico.
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Fernandez M, Thompson J, Calle A. Novel feed additive delivers antimicrobial copper and influences fecal microbiota in pigs. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0428023. [PMID: 38629838 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04280-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dehydrated alginate beads formulated with copper were synthesized and tested as a feed additive to influence the microbiota in finishing pigs and potentially use them as a preharvest intervention to reduce fecal pathogen shedding. The efficacy of the copper beads was tested in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Salmonella was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced when in contact with the copper beads solution for up to 6 h, with a 5.4 log CFU/mL reduction over the first hour. Chemical analysis of the soak solutions demonstrated the beads delivered their copper payload gradually over the same period the bactericidal effect was observed. For the in vivo experiments, pigs (n = 48) supplemented with the copper beads experienced significant shifts in their microbiota. Enterobacteriaceae (EB) increased by 1.07 log CFU/g (P < 0.05), while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) decreased by 1.22 log CFU/g (P < 0.05) during the treatment period. When beads were removed from the feed, EB and LAB concentrations returned to baseline, indicating copper beads led to measurable and significant changes in microbial loads. Fecal microbiome analysis conducted to explore additional changes by copper bead supplementation demonstrated that, at the phylum level, there was an increase in Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, and Acidobacteriota, while at the genus level, an increase in Methanosphaera and Pseudomonas was observed. Measures of copper in swine feces showed values ~20 times higher in the treatment group than in the control group during the treatment period, suggesting that dehydrated alginate copper beads were effective in delivering antimicrobial copper to the animal hindgut.IMPORTANCECopper has long been known to have antimicrobial properties. However, when water-soluble salts are fed to livestock, the copper may rapidly dissolve in gastric contents and fail to reach the gut. Here, specially formulated copper beads are seamlessly incorporated into feed and allow copper to remain longer in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, reach deep into both the foregut and hindgut, and shift microbial populations. The technology delivers antimicrobial copper to the animal hindgut and potentially reduces pathogenic microorganisms before animal slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernandez
- Texas Tech University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Thompson
- Texas Tech University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra Calle
- Texas Tech University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, USA
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Gheibipour M, Ghiasi SE, Bashtani M, Torbati MBM, Motamedi H. Screening the Rumen of Balochi Camel ( Camelus dromedarius) and Cashmere Goat ( Capra hircus) to Isolate Enzyme-Producing Bacteria as Potential Additives for Animal Feed. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:572-582. [PMID: 39011021 PMCID: PMC11246378 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rumen microbiology has made a significant contribution to the discovery of biodegradation processes, which convert nutrients into energy for ruminants. Therefore, understanding the enzymatic potential in the rumen of different animal species is essential for developing efficient microbial feed additives. The aim of this study was to isolate enzyme-producing bacteria (EPBs) from the rumen of the Balochi camel (Camelus dromedarius) and Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) as potential additives for animal feed. The EPBs were screened based on the hydrolysis of carboxyl methyl cellulose, tannin, starch, and bovine serum albumin. The isolates were then subjected to enzyme activity assays and molecular characterization. Additionally, they were evaluated for their antagonistic effects, antibiotic susceptibility, and growth in acidic, bile, and saline media. Thirteen enzyme-producing strains were identified in the rumen of the camels and goats, belonging to the genera Klebsiella, Escherichia, Raoultella, Enterobacter and Pectobacterium. The highest and lowest tannase activities were recorded for Escherichia coli GHMGHE41 (10.46 Um/l-1) and Raoultella planticola GHMGHE15 (1.83 Um/l-1), respectively. Enterobacter cloacae GHMGHE18 (2.03 U/ml) was the most effective cellulolytic isolate, compared to Klebsiella strains (1.05 Um/l-1). The highest protease producer was Klebsiella pneumoniae GHMGHE13 (3.00 U/ml-1), while Escherichia coli GHMGHE17 (1.13 U/ml-1) had the lowest activity. Klebsiella pneumoniae GHMGHE13 (1.55 U/ml-1) and Enterobacter cloacae GHMGHE19 (1.26 U/ml-1) were the highest and lowest producers of amylase, respectively. The strains exhibited mixed responses to antibiotics and remained stable under stressful conditions. These findings indicate that ruminal EPBs have the potential to be used in animal feed, pending further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gheibipour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ehsan Ghiasi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
- Research Group of Environmental Stress in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Moslem Bashtani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
- Research Group of Environmental Stress in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Montazer Torbati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
- Research Group of Environmental Stress in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hossein Motamedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yan M, Yu Z. Viruses contribute to microbial diversification in the rumen ecosystem and are associated with certain animal production traits. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:82. [PMID: 38725064 PMCID: PMC11080232 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rumen microbiome enables ruminants to digest otherwise indigestible feedstuffs, thereby facilitating the production of high-quality protein, albeit with suboptimal efficiency and producing methane. Despite extensive research delineating associations between the rumen microbiome and ruminant production traits, the functional roles of the pervasive and diverse rumen virome remain to be determined. RESULTS Leveraging a recent comprehensive rumen virome database, this study analyzes virus-microbe linkages, at both species and strain levels, across 551 rumen metagenomes, elucidating patterns of microbial and viral diversity, co-occurrence, and virus-microbe interactions. Additionally, this study assesses the potential role of rumen viruses in microbial diversification by analyzing prophages found in rumen metagenome-assembled genomes. Employing CRISPR-Cas spacer-based matching and virus-microbe co-occurrence network analysis, this study suggests that the viruses in the rumen may regulate microbes at strain and community levels through both antagonistic and mutualistic interactions. Moreover, this study establishes that the rumen virome demonstrates responsiveness to dietary shifts and associations with key animal production traits, including feed efficiency, lactation performance, weight gain, and methane emissions. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a substantive framework for further investigations to unravel the functional roles of the virome in the rumen in shaping the microbiome and influencing overall animal production performance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Wang M, Yi M, Wang L, Sun S, Ling Y, Zhang Z, Cao H. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Probiotics on the Growth Performance of Fattening Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1285. [PMID: 38731289 PMCID: PMC11083020 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been proven to improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on the growth performance; rumen and intestinal microbiota; rumen fluid, serum, and urine metabolism; and rumen epithelial cell transcriptomics of fattening meat sheep. Twelve Hu sheep were selected and randomly divided into two groups. They were fed a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 108 CFU/g probiotics (PRB). The results show that the average daily weight gain, and volatile fatty acid and serum antioxidant capacity concentrations of the PRB group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, the thickness of the rumen muscle layer in the PRB group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01); the thickness of the duodenal muscle layer in the fattening sheep was significantly reduced; and the length of the duodenal villi, the thickness of the cecal and rectal mucosal muscle layers, and the thickness of the cecal, colon, and rectal mucosal layers (p < 0.05) were significantly increased. At the genus level, the addition of probiotics altered the composition of the rumen and intestinal microbiota, significantly upregulating the relative abundance of Subdivision5_genera_incertae_sedis and Acinetobacter in the rumen microbiota, and significantly downregulating the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio, Saccharofermentans, and Fibrobacter. The relative abundance of faecalicoccus was significantly upregulated in the intestinal microbiota, while the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Porphyromonas, and Anaerobacterium were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the rumen, serum, and urine metabolites between the PRB group and the CON group, with 188, 138, and 104 metabolites (p < 0.05), mainly affecting pathways such as vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, and a series of amino acid metabolisms. The differential genes in the transcriptome sequencing were mainly enriched in protein modification regulation (especially histone modification), immune function regulation, and energy metabolism. Therefore, adding probiotics improved the growth performance of fattening sheep by altering the rumen and intestinal microbiota; the rumen, serum, and urine metabolome; and the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mingliang Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shixin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yinghui Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Ramirez-Garzon O, Al-Alawneh JI, Barber D, Liu H, Soust M. The Effect of a Direct Fed Microbial on Liveweight and Milk Production in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1092. [PMID: 38612331 PMCID: PMC11010996 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study aimed to quantify the effects of dietary supplementation of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) consisting of three lactobacilli isolates on milk yield, milk fat and protein yields, somatic cell count (SCC), and liveweight in a single dairy herd in Australia. A total of 150 dairy cows were randomly selected based on parity and days in milk and divided into two groups: control (n = 75) and DFM treatment (n = 75). Throughout the study, the two groups of cows were housed separately in a dry lot yard, and each group had their own feeding area. For the DFM treatment group, selected cows in mid-lactation were supplemented with 10 mL/cow/day of the DFM via top dressing of the feed for the remainder of the lactation and through the dry period, extending into subsequent lactation. The control group had no supplementation. The milk yield and liveweight were recorded daily. Milk samples were collected every two months for milk component analysis (fat, protein, and somatic cell count [SCC]). The DFM-treated cows gained more liveweight across the study (19.40 kg, 95% CI 0.44 kg; 38.30 kg, p = 0.05) compared to the control cows. In the second production year, the DFM-treated cows mobilized more liveweight (-6.06 kg, 95% CI -10.49 kg; -1.61 kg, p = 0.01) and produced more milk (0.39 L/d 95% CI 0.10; 0.89, p = 0.05). Over a full lactation, DFM cows yielded at least 258 L (95% CI 252 L; 265 L) more milk than controls. No significant differences were found in fat and protein yield or SCC. This study suggests that consistent and ongoing supplementation with a Lacticaseibacillus- and Lentilactobacillus-based DFM could have a positive effect on milk production, but further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John I. Al-Alawneh
- GCP Veterinary Epidemiology Consulting, Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4069, Australia;
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - David Barber
- DairyNEXT Nutrition Consulting Services, Marburg, QLD 4346, Australia;
| | - Huanle Liu
- Accuredit Therapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Martin Soust
- Terragen Biotech, Pty Ltd., Coolum Beach, QLD 4573, Australia;
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El Jeni R, Villot C, Koyun OY, Osorio-Doblado A, Baloyi JJ, Lourenco JM, Steele M, Callaway TR. Invited review: "Probiotic" approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing "magic foo-foo dust". J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1832-1856. [PMID: 37949397 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbial consortium in dairy cattle is critical to determining the energetic status of the dairy cow from birth through her final lactation. The ruminant's microbial community can degrade a wide variety of feedstuffs, which can affect growth, as well as production rate and efficiency on the farm, but can also affect food safety, animal health, and environmental impacts of dairy production. Gut microbial diversity and density are powerful tools that can be harnessed to benefit both producers and consumers. The incentives in the United States to develop Alternatives to Antibiotics for use in food-animal production have been largely driven by the Veterinary Feed Directive and have led to an increased use of probiotic approaches to alter the gastrointestinal microbial community composition, resulting in improved heifer growth, milk production and efficiency, and animal health. However, the efficacy of direct-fed microbials or probiotics in dairy cattle has been highly variable due to specific microbial ecological factors within the host gut and its native microflora. Interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic) between the microbial ecosystem and the host animal physiology (including epithelial cells, immune system, hormones, enzyme activities, and epigenetics) are critical to understanding why some probiotics work but others do not. Increasing availability of next-generation sequencing approaches provides novel insights into how probiotic approaches change the microbial community composition in the gut that can potentially affect animal health (e.g., diarrhea or scours, gut integrity, foodborne pathogens), as well as animal performance (e.g., growth, reproduction, productivity) and fermentation parameters (e.g., pH, short-chain fatty acids, methane production, and microbial profiles) of cattle. However, it remains clear that all direct-fed microbials are not created equal and their efficacy remains highly variable and dependent on stage of production and farm environment. Collectively, data have demonstrated that probiotic effects are not limited to the simple mechanisms that have been traditionally hypothesized, but instead are part of a complex cascade of microbial ecological and host animal physiological effects that ultimately impact dairy production and profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R El Jeni
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - C Villot
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France, 31069
| | - O Y Koyun
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - A Osorio-Doblado
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J J Baloyi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - M Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - T R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
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Herliatika A, Widiawati Y, Jayanegara A, Harahap RP, Kusumaningrum DA, Shiddieqy MI, Sasongko WT, Asmairicen S, Hadiatry MC, Putri AS, Handiwirawan E, Kostaman T, Praharani L, Adiati U. Meta-analysis of the relationship between dietary starch intake and enteric methane emissions in cattle from in vivo experiments. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:212-230. [PMID: 38680797 PMCID: PMC11055588 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Different sources and levels of starch in the total mixed ration might result in different rumen fermentation profiles, rumen microbial composition, and enteric methane production. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary starch intake on enteric methane production through a meta-analytical approach by integrating related published studies. Materials and Methods Papers that provided study results on enteric methane production from cattle fed different sources and levels of starch were selected. A total of 52 publications were filtered based on some specified criteria, comprised of 73 studies focused on enteric methane production in cattle fed a basal diet supplemented with starch. The collected data were subjected to statistical meta-analysis through a mixed methodology model. The p-value and root mean square error (RMSE) were applied as the statistical models. Results Results showed that increasing the level of dietary starch intake and its digestibility in the rumen as well as increasing propionate significantly decreased the acetate to propionate (A/P) ratio as well as enteric methane production (p < 0.01). Conclusions It is concluded that the addition of starch to diets mitigates enteric methane production from cattle, primarily through two ways, i.e., manipulation of the protozoa population and alteration to a lower A/P ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Herliatika
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Widiawati
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Wahidin Teguh Sasongko
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sharli Asmairicen
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Maureen Chrisye Hadiatry
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Alif Shabira Putri
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Eko Handiwirawan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Tatan Kostaman
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Lisa Praharani
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Umi Adiati
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
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Strickland AH, Murray SA, Vinasco J, Auvermann BW, Bush KJ, Sawyer JE, Scott HM, Norman KN. Comparative microbiome analysis of beef cattle, the feedyard environment, and airborne particulate matter as a function of probiotic and antibiotic use, and change in pen environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348171. [PMID: 38389541 PMCID: PMC10883649 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intensive beef cattle production systems are frequently implicated as a source of bacteria that can be transferred to nearby humans and animals via effluent water, manure used as fertilizer, or airborne particulate matter. It is crucial to understand microbial population dynamics due to manure pack desiccation, antibiotic usage, and antibiotic alternatives within beef cattle and their associated feedyard environment. Understanding how bacterial communities change in the presence of antibiotics can also improve management practices for reducing the spread of foodborne bacteria. Methods In this study, we aimed to compare the microbiomes within cattle feces, the feedyard environment and artificially produced airborne particulate matter as a function of pen change and treatment with tylosin or probiotics. We utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to compare bacterial communities among sample types, study days, and treatment groups. Results Bacterial community diversity varied as a function of sampling day and pen change (old or new) within fecal and manure pack samples. Manure pack samples from old pens and new pens contained diverse communities of bacteria on days 0 and 84; however, by day 119 of the study these taxonomic differences were less evident. Particulate matter samples exhibited significant differences in community diversity and predominant bacterial taxa compared to the manure pack they originated from. Treatment with tylosin did not meaningfully impact bacterial communities among fecal, environmental, or particulate matter samples; however, minor differences in bacterial community structure were observed in feces from cattle treated with probiotics. Discussion This study was the first to characterize and compare microbial communities within feces, manure pack, and airborne particulate matter from the same location and as a function of tylosin and probiotic treatment, and pen change. Although fecal and environmental samples are commonly used in research studies and other monitoring programs to infer public health risk of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance determinants from feedyard environments, our study suggests that these samples may not be appropriate to infer public health risk associated with airborne particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. H. Strickland
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - S. A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - J. Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - B. W. Auvermann
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Amarillo, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - K. J. Bush
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Amarillo, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - J. E. Sawyer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - H. M. Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - K. N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Bontà V, Battelli M, Rama E, Casanova M, Pasotti L, Galassi G, Colombini S, Calvio C. An In Vitro Study on the Role of Cellulases and Xylanases of Bacillus subtilis in Dairy Cattle Nutrition. Microorganisms 2024; 12:300. [PMID: 38399704 PMCID: PMC10891753 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of Bacilli to dairy cows exerts beneficial effects on dry matter intake, lactation performance, and milk composition, but the rationale behind their efficacy is still poorly understood. In this work, we sought to establish whether cellulases and xylanases, among the enzymes secreted by B. subtilis, are involved in the positive effect exerted by Bacilli on ruminal performance. We took advantage of two isogenic B. subtilis strains, only differing in the secretion levels of those two enzymes. A multi-factorial study was conducted in which eight feed ingredients were treated in vitro, using ruminal fluid from cannulated cows, with cultures of the two strains conveniently grown in a growth medium based on inexpensive waste. Feed degradability and gas production were assessed. Fiber degradability was 10% higher (p < 0.001) in feeds treated with the enzyme-overexpressing strain than in the untreated control, while the non-overexpressing strain provided a 5% increase. The benefit of the fibrolytic enzymes was maximal for maize silage, the most recalcitrant feed. Gas production also correlated with the amount of enzymes applied (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that B. subtilis cellulases and xylanases effectively contribute to improving forage quality, justifying the use of Bacilli as direct-fed microbials to increase animal productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bontà
- Laboratories of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Erlinda Rama
- Laboratories of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Casanova
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Pasotti
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.P.)
| | - Gianluca Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Colombini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Cinzia Calvio
- Laboratories of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Ju MS, Jo YH, Kim YR, Ghassemi Nejad J, Lee JG, Lee HG. Supplementation of complex natural feed additive containing ( C. militaris, probiotics and red ginseng by-product) on rumen-fermentation, growth performance and carcass characteristics in Korean native steers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1300518. [PMID: 38288378 PMCID: PMC10822911 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1300518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of a complex natural feed additive on rumen fermentation, carcass characteristics and growth performance in Korean-native steers. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiment were conducted. Seven different levels of complex natural feed additive (CA) were added to the buffered rumen fluid using AnkomRF gas production system for 12, 24 and 48 h. All experimental data were analyzed by mixed procedure of SAS. Total gas production increased in the CA groups, with the highest response observed in the 0.06% group at 48 h of incubation (linear, p = 0.02; quadratic, p < 0.01). Regarding rumen fermentation parameters, the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) tended to increase in all the CA groups (p = 0.07). The concentrations of butyrate, iso-butyrate, and iso-valerate significantly increased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). In the in vivo experiment, 23 Korean-native steers were allocated to two groups: (1) Control and (2) Treatment; control +0.07% CA (DM basis), in a randomized complete-block design and blocked by body weight (ave. body weight = 641.96 kg ± 62.51 kg, p = 0.80) and feed intake (ave. feed intake = 13.96 kg ± 0.74 kg, p = 0.08) lasted for 252 days. Average daily gain decreased in the treatment group (p < 0.01). Backfat thickness significantly decreased in the CA group (p = 0.03), whereas meat color tended to increase (p = 0.07). In conclusion, in the in vitro experiment, the inclusion of complex natural feed additive decreased methane proportion and tended to increase TVFA production, but supplementation to Korean native steers decreased average daily gain and backfat thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Su Ju
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Jo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Rae Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gu Lee
- DM Bio Co., Ltd., Jellonam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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McDaneld TG, Eicher SD, Dickey A, Kritchevsky JE, Bryan KA, Chitko-McKown CG. Probiotics in milk replacer affect the microbiome of the lung in neonatal dairy calves. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1298570. [PMID: 38249465 PMCID: PMC10797021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1298570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics have been investigated for their many health benefits and impact on the microbiota of the gut. Recent data have also supported a gut-lung axis regarding the bacterial populations (microbiomes) of the two locations; however, little research has been performed to determine the effects of oral probiotics on the microbiome of the bovine respiratory tract. We hypothesized that probiotic treatment would result in changes in the lung microbiome as measured in lung lavage fluid. Our overall goal was to characterize bacterial populations in the lungs of calves fed probiotics in milk replacer and dry rations from birth to weaning. Methods A group of 20 dairy calves was split into two treatment groups: probiotic (TRT; N = 10, milk replacer +5 g/d probiotics; Bovamine Dairy, Chr. Hansen, Inc., Milwaukee, WI) and control (CON; N = 10, milk replacer only). On day 0, birth weight was obtained, and calves were provided colostrum as per the dairy SOP. On day 2, probiotics were added to the milk replacer of the treated group and then included in their dry ration. Lung lavages were performed on day 52 on five random calves selected from each treatment group. DNA was extracted from lavage fluid, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene hypervariable regions 1-3 were amplified by PCR and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for the identification of the bacterial taxa present. Taxa were classified into both operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Results Overall, the evaluation of these samples revealed that the bacterial genera identified in the lung lavage samples of probiotic-fed calves as compared to the control calves were significantly different based on the OTU dataset (p < 0.05) and approached significance for the ASV dataset (p < 0.06). Additionally, when comparing the diversity of taxa in lung lavage samples to nasal and tonsil samples, taxa diversity of lung samples was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, analysis of the respiratory microbiome in lung lavage samples after probiotic treatment provides insight into the distribution of bacterial populations in response to oral probiotics and demonstrates that oral probiotics affect more than the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G. McDaneld
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Susan D. Eicher
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA, ARS, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Aaron Dickey
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Janice E. Kritchevsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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13
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Lopez A, Sarturi J, Johnson B, Woerner D, Henry D, Ciriaco F, Silva KS, Rush C. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial combinations on beef cattle growth performance, feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, ruminal morphology, and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae004. [PMID: 38190444 PMCID: PMC10836501 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of the dietary inclusion of a mixture of bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) on feedlot beef cattle growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal papillae morphology were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus steers (n = 192; initial body weight (BW) = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen and 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered to ad libitum intake once daily for 153 d containing the following treatments: (1) Control (no DFM, lactose carrier only); (2) treat-A (Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis), at 1:1:1:3 ratio, respectively; totaling 6 × 109 CFU (50 mg)/animal-daily minimum; and (3) treat-B, the same DFM combination, but with doses at 1:1:3:1 ratio. Bacterial counts were ~30% greater than the minimum expected. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with pen as the experimental unit, the fixed effect of treatment, and the random effect of BW-block, while preplanned contrasts comparing Control × treat-A or treat-B were used. Steers offered treat-A had increased carcass-adjusted average daily gain (P = 0.03) by 6.7%, gain efficiency (P < 0.01) by 6%, tended (P = 0.07) to have increased carcass-adjusted final BW by 15 kg, and hot carcass weight (P = 0.07) by 10 kg, while treat-B did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) from control. Overall dry matter (DM) intake (P = 0.36) and other carcass traits (P ≥ 0.13) were not affected by treatments. Steers offered treat-A tended to have increased digestibility of DM (P = 0.07) by 3%, neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.10), and hemicellulose (P = 0.08) by 9% compared with control, while treat-B did not differ (P ≥ 0.10) from control. No treatment × period interactions (P ≥ 0.21) or main effects of treatment (P ≥ 0.12) were observed during 24-h feeding behavior. Steers ruminated, ate, chewed, and were more active (P ≤ 0.01) during the second behavioral assessment (day 113), while drinking behavior was not affected (P ≥ 0.88). Ruminal papillae morphology and ruminal ammonia concentration (ruminal fluid collected at slaughter facility) were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.39). Steers offered the DFM treat-A had improved growth performance and it positively affected carcass weight and nutrient digestion. The DFM combinations did not seem to affect feedlot cattle feeding behavior or ruminal papillae morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Lopez
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jhones O Sarturi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Dale R Woerner
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Darren D Henry
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Francine M Ciriaco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Kaliu G S Silva
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Camron J Rush
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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14
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Silva KGS, Sarturi JO, Johnson BJ, Woerner DR, Lopez AM, Rodrigues BM, Nardi KT, Rush CJ. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial mixtures offered to beef cattle consuming finishing diets on intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal kinetics/fermentation profile. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae003. [PMID: 38183669 PMCID: PMC10833447 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) mixtures on intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation profile, and ruminal degradation kinetics of beef steers were evaluated. Crossbred Angus ruminally cannulated steers (n = 6; body weight [BW] = 520 ± 30 kg) were used in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design and offered a steam-flaked corn-based finisher diet to ad libitum intake for 3, 28-d periods. Treatments were 1) Control (no DFM, lactose carrier only); 2) Treat-A (Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis), at 1:1:1:3 ratio, respectively; totaling 6 × 109 CFU (50 mg)/animal-daily minimum; and 3) Treat-B, the same DFM combination, but doses at 1:1:3:1 ratio. Bacterial counts were ~30% greater than the minimum expected. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with the model including the fixed effect of treatment and the random effects of square, period, and animal (square). For repeated measure variables, the fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction, and the random effects of square, period, animal (square), and animal (treatment) were used. Preplanned contrasts comparing Control × Treat-A or Treat-B were performed. Intake and major feeding behavior variables were not affected (P ≥ 0.17) by treatments. Steers offered Treat-A had an increased (P = 0.04) ADF digestibility compared with Control. Steers offered Treat-A experienced daily 300 min less (P = 0.04) time under ruminal pH 5.6, a greater (P = 0.04) ruminal pH average and NH3-N concentration (P = 0.05) and tended (P = 0.06) to have a lower ruminal temperature compared to Control. Ruminal VFA was not affected (P ≥ 0.38) by treatments. Steers offered Treat-A increased (P = 0.02) and tended (P = 0.08) to increase the ruminal effective degradable NDF and ADF fractions of the diet-substrate, respectively. When the forage-substrate (low quality) was incubated, steers offered Treat-A tended (P = 0.09) to increase the effective degradable hemicellulose fraction compared to Control. In this experiment, the bacterial combinations did not affect intake and feeding behavior, while the combination with a greater proportion of B. licheniformis (Treat-A) elicited an improved core-fiber digestibility and a healthier ruminal pH pattern, in which the ruminal environment showed to be more prone to induce the effective degradability of fiber fractions, while also releasing more NH3-N.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jhones O Sarturi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Dale R Woerner
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Alejandra M Lopez
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Barbara M Rodrigues
- Center for Natural Resource Technology Information, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Kaue T Nardi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Camron J Rush
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
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15
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Treon E, Sidney T, Taiwo G, Idowu M, Leal Y, Ologunagba D, Ogunade IM. Effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and rumen bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 8:txad143. [PMID: 38221963 PMCID: PMC10785767 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and the ruminal bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (221 ± 25.6 kg BW; 180 ± 17 d of age) were stratified by body weight (BW) into four pens (10 steers per pen) such that each pen had a similar average BW at the beginning of the experiment. The pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn silage basal diet (CON; n = 20) or the basal diet supplemented with 9 g/steer/d of PRO feed additive (PRO; n = 20). The PRO additive is a blend of S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, Lactobacillus animalis, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The DMI and water consumed were monitored using the GrowSafe intake nodes and custom flow meters, respectively. BWs were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Before morning feeding, 10 mL of blood was taken from each steer on days 0-7, and thereafter weekly for analyses of immune cells, plasma glucose, and NEFAs. On day 56, rumen fluid samples (200 mL each) were collected from all the steers for microbiome analysis. Over the 56-d receiving period, the supplemental PRO had no effects on DMI, water intake, or ADG. However, compared to CON, beef steers fed supplemental PRO tended to have greater ADG (P = 0.08) and BW (P = 0.07) during the first 14 d of the study. There was a treatment × day interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for WBC, neutrophils and monocytes over the 56 d such that beef steers fed supplemental PRO had lower blood concentrations on certain days during the first 7 d after weaning, indicating reduced inflammation or stress response. The results of the rumen microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of complex fiber degrading or obligate proton-reducing bacterial genera such as Bacteroides, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Desulfovibrio, Syntrophococcus, and Acetitomaculum were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental PRO compared to CON. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of PRO improved the growth performance, reduced stress or inflammatory response during the initial days after weaning, and altered the ruminal bacterial community toward increased relative abundance of bacterial genera associated with improved rumen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Treon
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Taylor Sidney
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Godstime Taiwo
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Modoluwamu Idowu
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Yarahy Leal
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Deborah Ologunagba
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Ibukun M Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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16
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Paneru D, Tellez-Isaias G, Arreguin-Nava MA, Romano N, Bottje WG, Asiamah E, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Lohakare J. Effect of fenugreek seeds and Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials on the growth performance, blood biochemicals, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1298587. [PMID: 38089709 PMCID: PMC10713732 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1298587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential synergistic impact of the combination of fenugreek seeds (FS) and Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) on growth performance, intestinal health, and hematological parameters of broiler chickens. METHODS A total of 160 one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two levels of FS (0 and 5 g/kg) and two levels of Bacillus-DFM (0 and 0.1 g/kg), with five replicates of 8 birds each. RESULTS The result showed that dietary supplementation of FS at 5 g/kg did not improve the growth performance of broilers but impaired the early growth performance by reducing body weight gain and increasing feed conversion ratio, which was recovered during finisher phase. Dietary supplementation of Bacillus-based DFM at 0.1 g/kg did not affect the performance variables but increased the feed conversion ratio. The interaction of fenugreek seeds and Bacillus-based DFM showed synergistic effects on growth performance during the later stages of production. However, antagonistic effects were observed on the blood parameters and the gut morphology. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that FS and DFM had different effects on the broiler health and production depending on the phase of production. The interaction between FS and DFM revealed synergistic effects on growth performance during the finisher phase, but antagonistic effects on blood parameters and gut morphology. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the dosage and combination of FS and DFM for broiler health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Paneru
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Nicholas Romano
- Virginia Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, United States
| | - Walter G. Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Emmanuel Asiamah
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, United States
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
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17
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Uwineza C, Bouzarjomehr M, Parchami M, Sar T, Taherzadeh MJ, Mahboubi A. Evaluation of in vitro digestibility of Aspergillus oryzae fungal biomass grown on organic residue derived-VFAs as a promising ruminant feed supplement. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:120. [PMID: 37777808 PMCID: PMC10543868 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As demand for high quality animal feed continues to raise, it becomes increasingly important to minimize the environmental impact of feed production. An appealing sustainable approach to provide feed fractions is to use organic residues from agro-food industry. In this regard, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as acetic, propionic and butyric acids, derived from bioconversion of organic residues can be used as precursors for production of microbial protein with ruminant feed inclusion potential. This study aims to investigate the in vitro digestibility of the Aspergillus oryzae edible fungal biomass cultivated on VFAs-derived from anaerobic digestion of residues. The produced fungal protein biomass, along with hay clover silage and rapeseed meal were subjected to various in vitro assays using two-stage Tilley and Terry (TT), gas, and bag methods to evaluate and compare its digestibility for application in ruminant feed. RESULTS The produced fungal biomass contained a higher crude protein (CP) (41%-49%) and rather similar neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (41%-56%) compared to rapeseed meal. The rumen in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the fungal biomass in the TT method ranged from 82% to 88% (statistically similar to that of the gas method (72% to 85%)). The IVDMD of fungal biomass were up to 26% and 40% greater than that of hay clover silage and rapeseed meal, respectively. The type of substrate and bag method had pronounced effect on the fermentation products (ammonium-N (NH4+-N), total gas and VFAs). Fungal biomass digestion resulted in the highest release of NH4+-N (340-540 mg/L) and the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio (3.5) among subjected substrates. CONCLUSION The results indicate that gas method can be used as a reliable predictor for IVDMD as well as fermentation products. Furthermore, the high IVDMD and fermentation product observed for Aspergillus oryzae fungal biomass digestion, suggest that the supplementation of fungal biomass will contribute to improving the rumen digestion by providing necessary nitrogen and energy to the ruminant and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Uwineza
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190, Borås, Sweden.
| | | | - Milad Parchami
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190, Borås, Sweden
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190, Borås, Sweden
| | | | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190, Borås, Sweden
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18
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Arbaoui A, de Vega A. Does Replacing Maize with Barley Affect the Animal Performance and Rumen Fermentation, including Methane Production, of Beef Cattle Fed High-Concentrate Diets On-Farm? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3016. [PMID: 37835621 PMCID: PMC10571852 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants fed high-concentrate diets produce less enteric methane than those fed high-forage diets, but not all grains are equally effective in reducing methane production. This study aimed to examine, in farm conditions, the effects of a partial substitution of maize with barley on animal performance and rumen fermentation, including methane production, of intensively reared beef calves (ca. 0.9:0.1 concentrate to forage ratio). Ninety-six beef calves were fed a concentrate with 45.5% maize and 15% barley (n = 48; M) or a concentrate with 15.5% maize and 45% barley (n = 48; B). Both the concentrate and barley straw were offered ad libitum. The type of concentrate did not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) on final live weight, average daily gain, carcass dressing percentage or intake of concentrate and straw. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were higher (p < 0.05) for the M (75.4% and 76.6%) than for the B (71.0% and 73.1%) treatment, but with no effect on digestible organic matter intake. In general, the majority cereal in the concentrate did not affect rumen fermentation, including methane production, or the degradability of dry matter and starch. A partial substitution of maize with barley in the concentrate offered to beef calves does not seem a promising strategy to decrease the emissions of enteric methane on-farm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio de Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
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Yan Y, Shi T, Bao X, Gai Y, Liang X, Jiang Y, Li Q. Combined network analysis and interpretable machine learning reveals the environmental adaptations of more than 10,000 ruminant microbial genomes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1147007. [PMID: 37799596 PMCID: PMC10548237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1147007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ruminant gastrointestinal contains numerous microbiomes that serve a crucial role in sustaining the host's productivity and health. In recent times, numerous studies have revealed that variations in influencing factors, including the environment, diet, and host, contribute to the shaping of gastrointestinal microbial adaptation to specific states. Therefore, understanding how host and environmental factors affect gastrointestinal microbes will help to improve the sustainability of ruminant production systems. Results Based on a graphical analysis perspective, this study elucidates the microbial topology and robustness of the gastrointestinal of different ruminant species, showing that the microbial network is more resistant to random attacks. The risk of transmission of high-risk metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) was also demonstrated based on a large-scale survey of the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the microbiota of most types of ecosystems. In addition, an interpretable machine learning framework was developed to study the complex, high-dimensional data of the gastrointestinal microbial genome. The evolution of gastrointestinal microbial adaptations to the environment in ruminants were analyzed and the adaptability changes of microorganisms to different altitudes were identified, including microbial transcriptional repair. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the environment has an impact on the functional features of microbiomes in ruminant. The findings provide a new insight for the future development of microbial resources for the sustainable development in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Bao
- Department of Stomatology, Taian Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yunpeng Gai
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Liang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Saha S, Fukuyama K, Debnath M, Namai F, Nishiyama K, Kitazawa H. Recent Advances in the Use of Probiotics to Improve Meat Quality of Small Ruminants: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1652. [PMID: 37512825 PMCID: PMC10385419 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat from small ruminants is considered a high quality and delicacy product in many countries. Several benefits have been perceived from probiotics as dietary supplements, such as improved carcass weight, color, tenderness, flavor, muscle fiber structure, water-holding capacity, and healthy fatty acid profile of the meat. Thus, the present review focuses on the effect of probiotics on improving the quality of meat from small ruminants. Though many benefits have been associated with the use of probiotics, the findings of all the considered articles are not always consistent, and the mechanisms behind improving meat quality are not appropriately defined. This variability of findings could be due to the use of different probiotic strains, dosage rates, number of days of experiment, nutrition, breed, age, and health status of the animals. Therefore, future research should emphasize specific strains, optimal dose and days of administration, route, and mechanisms for the specific probiotic strains to host. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the use of probiotics for small ruminants and their impact on meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeb Saha
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Kohtaro Fukuyama
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Marina Debnath
- Ministry of Public Administration, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fu Namai
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Keita Nishiyama
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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The Effect of Direct-Fed Lactobacillus Species on Milk Production and Methane Emissions of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061018. [PMID: 36978558 PMCID: PMC10044398 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Using direct-fed microbials to mitigate enteric methane emissions could be sustainable and acceptable to both consumers and producers. Forty lactating, multiparous, Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly allocated one of two treatments: (1) a base of ad libitum vetch (Vicia sativa) hay and 7.0 kg DM/d of a grain mix, or (2) the basal diet plus 10 mL of MYLO® (Terragen Biotech Pty Ltd., Coolum Beach, Queensland, Australia) delivering 4.17 × 108 cfu of Lactobacillus per mL. Neither feed intake (25.4 kg/d vs. 24.8 kg/d) nor milk yield (29.9 vs. 30.3 kg/d) were affected by treatment. Feed conversion efficiency was not affected by treatment when expressed on an energy-corrected milk basis (1.15 vs. 1.18 kg/kg DMI). Neither methane yield (31.6 vs. 31.1 g/kg DMI) nor methane intensity (27.1 vs. 25.2 g/kg energy corrected milk) were affected by treatments. While these results are contrary to our expectations and not significant, all were numerically in a favorable direction. Given there are reports that diet and dose rate may impact the size of any effect, we recommend a dose–response study be undertaken using a basal diet that is commonly used in pasture-based dairy systems.
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Zhou J, Zhao K, Shao L, Bao Y, Gyantsen D, Ma C, Xue B. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Combination of Probiotics and Enzymes as Supplements on Growth Performance and Serum Parameters in Early-Weaned Grazing Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050785. [PMID: 36899642 PMCID: PMC10000113 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early weaning is an effective strategy to improve cow feed utilization and shorten postpartum intervals in cows; however, this may lead to poor performance of the weaned calves. This study was conducted to test the effects of supplementing milk replacer with Bacillus licheniformis and a complex of probiotics and enzyme preparations on body weight (BW), size, and serum biochemical parameters and hormones in early-weaned grazing yak calves. Thirty two-month-old male grazing yaks (38.89 ± 1.45 kg body weight) were fed milk replacer at 3% of their BW and were randomly assigned to three treatments (n = 10, each): T1 (supplementation with 0.15 g/kg Bacillus licheniformis), T2 (supplementation with a 2.4 g/kg combination of probiotics and enzymes), and a control (without supplementation). Compared to the controls, the average daily gain (ADG) from 0 to 60 d was significantly higher in calves administered the T1 and T2 treatments, and that from 30 to 60 d was significantly higher in calves administered the T2 treatment. The ADG from 0 to 60 d was significantly higher in the T2- than in the T1-treated yaks. The concentration of serum growth hormone, insulin growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor was significantly higher in the T2-treated calves than in the controls. The concentration of serum cortisol was significantly lower in the T1 treatment than in the controls. We concluded that supplementation with probiotics alone or a combination of probiotics and enzymes can improve the ADG of early-weaned grazing yak calves. Supplementation with the combination of probiotics and enzymes had a stronger positive effect on growth and serum hormone levels, compared to the single-probiotic treatment with Bacillus licheniformis, providing a basis for the application of a combination of probiotics and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lisheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhong Bao
- Institute of Pratacultural, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Dundup Gyantsen
- Institute of Pratacultural, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China
| | - Chenglong Ma
- Lhasa Poultry Breeding Research and Protection and Extension Center, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Lei X, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Z, Yao J. Active dry yeast supplementation benefits ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, blood immunoglobulins, and growth performance in young dairy goats, but not for intermittent supplementation. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:289-301. [PMID: 37168451 PMCID: PMC10165222 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of active dry yeast (ADY) supplementation and supplementation strategies on ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, blood metabolites, and growth performance in young dairy goats. Sixty young female Guanzhong dairy goats of similar age (4.00 ± 0.50 months) and BW (19.65 ± 0.41 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20): (1) basal diet group (CON); (2) basal diet continuously supplemented with 3.0 g/goat per day commercial ADY (a proprietary strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 5.0 × 109 cfu/g) group (CSY); (3) basal diet with intermittently supplemented ADY group (ISY; 5 d supplementation with ADY at 4.5 g/goat per day following 5 d of no supplementation). The experiment lasted 67 d with the first 7 d as an adaptive period. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected bi-weekly. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure combined with the SLICE option in SAS. Specific orthogonal contrasts of ADY vs. CON and CSY vs. ISY were also analyzed. During the experimental period, ADY supplementation resulted in greater DMI (P = 0.03), ruminal acetate proportion (P < 0.01) and acetylesterase activity (P = 0.01), and blood contents of glucose (P = 0.01) and IgM (P = 0.02) and tended to have greater ADG (P = 0.05) and paunch girth (P = 0.06) than the CON, despite the propionate proportion (P = 0.03) and contents of total protein (P = 0.04) and IgA (P = 0.03) being lower. The lower ruminal NH3-N (P < 0.01) and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.07) contents indicated greater nitrogen utilization with ADY supplementation. ADY supplementation showed persistent effects after it was stopped because the BW at 12 months of age (P = 0.03) and birth weight of lambs (P = 0.02) were greater than the CON. However, the ISY did not show those benefits and had significantly lower relative abundances of fiber-degrading related bacteria than the CSY. In conclusion, ADY supplementation, especially continuously supplemented, may enhance ADG and ADG:DMI ratio by improving DMI, ruminal cellulolytic bacteria abundance and enzyme activity, nitrogen utilization, and immune status. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of ADY and have important practical implications for the design of nutritional strategies in growing dairy goats.
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Effect of Lippia alba hay as phytogenic feed additive on the lactation performance, milk composition, and rumen and blood parameters of Alpine goats. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li F, Zhang D, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Xu D, Cheng J, Li W, Lin C, Yang X, Zhai R, Zeng X, Cui P, Ma Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Wang W. Association between rumen microbiota and marbling grade in Hu sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978263. [PMID: 36212835 PMCID: PMC9534374 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The marbling fat regulates the flavor of mutton and measures the fat density in the loin eye and is the most important parameter of carcass grading. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship of rumen microbiota and mutton marbling grade. One hundred and eighty-seven feedlot-finished Hu male lambs (Age: 180 day; Final BW: 46.32 ± 6.03 kg) were slaughtered, and ruminal contents and marbling grade were collected. Ruminal microbial DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate microbial composition and to predict microbial metabolic pathways. The animal cohort was then grouped based on marbling grades [low marbling (LM), marbling grade ≤ 1; Medium marbling (MM), 1 < marbling grade ≤ 3; High Marbling (HM), 3 < marbling grade ≤ 5] and intramuscular fat-associated microorganisms were pinpointed using LEfSe and random forest classification model. Intramuscular fat content had significantly differences among the three groups (P < 0.05), and was significantly correlated with VFAs profiling. HM sheep showed a higher abundance of one bacterial taxon (Kandleria), and two taxa were overrepresented in the MM sheep (Pseudobutyrivibrio and Monoglobus), respectively. In addition, the main intramuscular fat deposition pathway was found to involve peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) fatty acid synthesis. By studying the effect of the ruminal microbiome on the marbling of sheep, the present study provides insights into the production of high-quality mutton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changchun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panpan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zongwu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Zhang,
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Weimin Wang,
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Jiao P, Wang Z, Wang X, Zuo Y, Yang Y, Hu G, Lu C, Xie X, Wang L, Yang W. Effect of Clostridium butyricum Supplementation on in vitro Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota With High Grain Substrate Varying With Media pH Levels. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912042. [PMID: 35814667 PMCID: PMC9260501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) can survive at low pH, and it has been widely used as an alternative to antibiotics for the improvement of feed efficiency and animal health in monogastrics. A recent study suggested that the improved ruminal fermentation with supplementing C. butyricum is may be associated with increasing the abundance of rumen microbiota in Holstein heifers, as ruminal pH plays a key role in rumen microbiota and the probiotics are often active in a dose-dependent manner. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of increasing the doses of C. butyricum on gas production (GP) kinetics, dry matter disappearance (DMD), fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbiota using a high grain substrate in batch culture varying with media pH levels. The doses of C. butyricum were supplemented at 0 (control), 0.5 × 106, 1 × 106, and 2 × 106 CFU/bottle, respectively, at either media pH 6.0 or pH 6.6. The fermentation microbiota at 0 and 1 × 106 CFU/bottle were determined using the 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing technology. Overall, the GP, DMD, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and the ratio of acetate:propionate were higher (P <0.01) at media pH 6.6 than at pH 6.0. However, there was interaction between pH × dose of C. butyricum for rate constant of GP (P = 0.01), average GP rate (P = 0.07), and volume of GP (P = 0.06); with the increase in C. butyricum supplementation, the GP kinetics were not changed at media pH 6.0, but the volume (P = 0.02), rate of GP (P = 0.01), and average GP rate (P = 0.01) were quadratically changed at media pH 6.6. The DMD was not affected by increasing the supplementation of C. butyricum. The molar proportions of propionate (P <0.09), butyrate (P <0.06), and NH3-N concentration (P = 0.02) were quadratically changed with increasing supplementation of C. butyricum regardless of media pH levels. The interactions between media pH level and dose of C. butyricum supplementation were noticed for alpha diversity indexes of Shannon (P = 0.02) and Evenness (P = 0.04). The alpha diversity indexes increased (P <0.05) except for Chao1 with supplementation of C. butyricum. The unweighted uniFrac analysis showed that the group of control at media pH 6.0 and control at media pH 6.6, and supplementation of C. butyricum and control at media pH 6.0 clustered separately from each other. At the phylum level, relative abundance (RA) of Bacteroidota was lower (P <0.01) and Firmicutes was higher (P <0.01) at media pH 6.6 than pH 6.0. Moreover, RA of Proteobacteria decreased (P <0.05) with supplemented C. butyricum at either media pH 6.6 or pH 6.0. At media pH 6.6, RA of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Prevotella were decreased, and CAG-352 was increased (at genus level) compared to pH 6.0. Supplementation of C. butyricum decreased RA of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and increased CAG-352 at media pH 6.0. It could hence be concluded that manipulating media pH level and supplementation of C. butyricum effectively modulated in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbiota but in a dose depending manner of C. butyricum addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Changming Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolai Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Hubei Greensnow Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xianning, China
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Ji Y, Dong X, Liu Z, Wang W, Yan H, Liu X. Effects of Bovine Pichia kudriavzevii T7, Candida glabrata B14, and Lactobacillus plantarum Y9 on Milk Production, Quality and Digestive Tract Microbiome in Dairy Cows. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050842. [PMID: 35630288 PMCID: PMC9146454 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial administration has been used successfully to improve host health. However, the positive effects of endogenous microbials are still underexplored. This study investigated the effects of bovine Lactic acid bacteria and yeast on the milk production, quality and digestive tract microbiome of dairy cows. Lactobacillus plantarum Y9, Pichia kudriavzevii T7 and Candida glabrata B14 isolated from high-yielding dairy cows were selected to feed low-yielding Holstein cows. Pichia kudriavzevii T7 could significantly increase milk yield, meanwhile, Pichia kudriavzevii T7 and Candida glabrata B14 could obviously reduce the number of somatic cell counts (SCC). However, slight differences were found in milk fat, protein, lactose and SNF (solids not fat) percentage. High throughput sequencing showed that the dominant bacteria were Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae in rumen and feces, respectively, and the dominant fungi were Penicillium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma in both samples, before and after feeding the microbial addition. Nonetheless, microbial addition changed the abundance and structure of the microbiome in the digestive tract. Our data showed bovine yeast and LAB were beneficial for improving performance and regulating the microbial structure of dairy cows. This study was expected to enrich the knowledge of the digestive tract microbiome in dairy cows and provide a feasible strategy for the further utilization of bovine microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hai Yan
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (X.L.)
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