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Rabee AE, Forster R, Sabra EA. Lignocelluloytic activities and composition of bacterial community in the camel rumen. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:354-367. [PMID: 34708177 PMCID: PMC8500796 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The camel is well-adapted to utilize the poor-quality forages in the harsh desert conditions as the camel rumen sustains fibrolytic microorganisms, mainly bacteria that are capable of breaking down the lignocellulosic biomass efficiently. Exploring the composition of the bacterial community in the rumen of the camel and quantifying their cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities could lead to understanding and improving fiber fermentation and discovering novel sources of cellulases and xylanases. In this study, Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V4 region on 16S rRNA was applied to identify the bacterial and archaeal communities in the rumen of three camels fed wheat straw and broom corn. Furthermore, rumen samples were inoculated into bacterial media enriched with xylan and different cellulose sources, including filter paper (FP), wheat straw (WS), and alfalfa hay (AH) to assess the ability of rumen bacteria to produce endo-cellulase and endo-xylanase at different fermentation intervals. The results revealed that the phylum Bacteroidetes dominated the bacterial community and Candidatus Methanomethylophilus dominated the archaeal community. Also, most of the bacterial community has fibrolytic potential and the dominant bacterial genera were Prevotella, RC9_gut_group, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Fibrobacteres, and Treponema. The highest xylanase production (884.8 mU/mL) was observed at 7 days. The highest cellulase production (1049.5 mU/mL) was observed when rumen samples were incubated with Alfalfa hay for 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emara Rabee
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Robert Forster
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ebrahim A Sabra
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Tulsani NJ, Mishra P, Jakhesara SJ, Srivastava S, Jyotsana B, Dafale NA, Patil NV, Purohit HJ, Joshi CG. Isolation, purification and characterization of a novel esterase from camel rumen metagenome. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 187:105941. [PMID: 34273540 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial esterases are gaining the importance in pharmaceuticals and agrochemical industries due to their excellent biocatalytic properties and a wide range of applications. In the present study, a novel gene encoding an esterase (designated as Est-CR) was identified from shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of camel rumen (Camelus dromedarius) liquor. The open reading frame consisted of 1,224bp, which showed 84.03% sequence identity to Bacteroidales bacterium, corresponding to a protein of 407 amino acids and has a catalytic domain belonging to an esterase. Est-CR belonged to family V with GLSMG domain. The purified enzyme with a molecular mass of 62.64 kDa was checked on SDS-PAGE, and its expression was confirmed by western blotting. The enzyme was active and stable over a broad range of temperature (35-65 °C), displayed the maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 7.0. Individually all metal ions inhibited the enzyme activity, while in combination, K2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ metal ions enhanced the enzyme activity. The detergents strongly inhibited the activity, while EDTA (10 mM) increased the activity of the Est-CR enzyme. The enzyme showed specificity to short-chain substrates and displayed an optimum activity against butyrate ester. This novel enzyme might serve as a promising candidate to meet some harsh industrial processes enzymatic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilam J Tulsani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - Priyaranjan Mishra
- Department of Animal Genetic and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - Subhash J Jakhesara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India.
| | - Shweta Srivastava
- Environmental Genomic Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Basanti Jyotsana
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel (NRCC) Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334001, India
| | - Nishant A Dafale
- Environmental Genomic Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Niteen V Patil
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342003, India
| | - Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Genomic Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India; Gujarat Biotechnology Research Canter, MS Building, Block B & D, 6th Floor, GH Road, Sector-11, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382001, India
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Rabee AE, Forster RJ, Elekwachi CO, Kewan KZ, Sabra E, Mahrous HA, Khamiss OA, Shawket SM. Composition of bacterial and archaeal communities in the rumen of dromedary camel using cDNA-amplicon sequencing. Int Microbiol 2019; 23:137-148. [PMID: 31432356 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The camel is known to survive in harsh environmental conditions, due to its higher digestive efficiency of high-fiber diets compared with other ruminants. However, limited data are available on the microbial community in the rumen of a camel. In this study, the Illumina sequencing of V4 region of 16S rRNA genes based on RNA isolation was employed to get insight into the bacterial and archaeal communities associated with liquid and solid rumen fractions in eight camels under different feeding systems. Camels in group C1 were fed Egyptian clover hay plus concentrates mixture and camels of group C2 were fed fresh Egyptian clover. The results showed that liquid fraction has higher operational taxonomic units (OTUs) than solid fraction, and camel group C1 showed a higher microbial diversity than C2. The UniFrac analysis indicated that the microbial communities in camel groups are distinct. Moreover, phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes dominated the bacterial community and Candidatus Methanomethylophilus dominated the archaeal community with a significant difference in the relative abundance between camel groups. Dominant bacterial genera were Prevotella, Fibrobacteres, Ruminococcus, and Butyrivibrio. There were many negative and positive correlations between and within bacterial and archaeal genera. The composition of microbial community in the rumen of a camel is similar to other ruminants with differences in the abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E Rabee
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Khaled Z Kewan
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebrahim Sabra
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Mahrous
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Omaima A Khamiss
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Safinaze M Shawket
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Ariaeenejad S, Maleki M, Hosseini E, Kavousi K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Salekdeh GH. Mining of camel rumen metagenome to identify novel alkali-thermostable xylanase capable of enhancing the recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass conversion. Bioresour Technol 2019; 281:343-350. [PMID: 30831513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize novel alkali-thermostable xylanase genes from the mixed genome DNA of camel rumen metagenome. In this study, a five-stage computational screening procedure was utilized to find the primary candidate enzyme with superior properties from the camel rumen metagenome. This enzyme was subjected to cloning, purification, and structural and functional characterization. It showed high thermal stability, high activity in a broad range of pH (6-11) and temperature (30-90 °C) and effectivity in recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Our results demonstrated the power of in silico analysis to discover novel alkali-thermostable xylanases, effective for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Maleki
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Elnaz Hosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Karaj, Iran.
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Khalili Ghadikolaei K, Gharechahi J, Haghbeen K, Akbari Noghabi K, Hosseini Salekdeh G, Shahbani Zahiri H. A cold-adapted endoglucanase from camel rumen with high catalytic activity at moderate and low temperatures: an anomaly of truly cold-adapted evolution in a mesophilic environment. Extremophiles 2018; 22:315-326. [PMID: 29330650 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endoglucanases are important enzymes in plant biomass degradation. They have current and potential applications in various industrial sectors including human and animal food processing, textile, paper, and renewable biofuel production. It is assumed that the cold-active endoglucanases, with high catalytic rates in moderate and cold temperatures, can improve the cost-effectiveness of industrial processes by lowering the need for heating and, thus, energy consumption. In this study, the endoglucanase CelCM3 was procured from a camel rumen metagenome via gene cloning and expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The maximum activity of the enzyme on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was obtained at pH 5 and 30 °C with a Vmax and Km of 339 U/mg and 2.57 mg/ml, respectively. The enzyme with an estimated low melting temperature of 45 °C and about 50% activity at 4 °C was identified to be cold-adapted. A thermodynamic analysis corroborated that CelCM3 with an activation energy (Ea), enthalpy of activation (ΔH), and Gibb's free energy (ΔG) of, respectively, 18.47 kJ mol-1, 16.12 kJ mol-1, and 56.09 kJ mol-1 is a cold-active endoglucanase. In addition, CelCM3 was tolerant of metal ions, non-ionic detergents, urea, and organic solvents. Given these interesting characteristics, CelCM3 shows promise to meet the requirements of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Khalili Ghadikolaei
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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