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Kishawy AT, Abd El-Wahab RA, Eldemery F, Abdel Rahman MMI, Altuwaijri S, Ezz-Eldin RM, Abd-Allah EM, Zayed S, Mulla ZS, El Sharkawy RB, Badr S, Youssef W, Ibrahim D. Insights of early feeding regime supplemented with glutamine and various levels of omega-3 in broiler chickens: growth performance, muscle building, antioxidant capacity, intestinal barriers health and defense against mixed Eimeria spp infection. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-20. [PMID: 38961536 PMCID: PMC11225632 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2373287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Early nutritional management approach greatly impacts broilers' performance and resistance against coccidiosis. The current study explored the impact of post-hatch feeding with a combination of glutamine (Glut) and different levels of omega-3 on broiler chickens' growth performance, muscle building, intestinal barrier, antioxidant ability and protection against avian coccidiosis. A total of six hundred Cobb 500 was divided into six groups: first group (fed basal diet and unchallenged (control) and challenged (negative control, NC) groups were fed a basal diet without additives, and the other groups were infected with Eimeria spp and supplemented with 1.5% Glut alone or with three different levels of omega-3 (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) during the starter period. Notable improvement in body weight gain was observed in the group which fed basal diet supplemented with glut and 1% omega 3 even after coccidia infection (increased by 25% compared challenged group) while feed conversion ratio was restored to control. Myogeneis was enhanced in the group supplemented with Glut and omega-3 (upregulation of myogenin, MyoD, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase and insulin like growth factor-1 and downregulating of myostatin genes). Groups supplemented with Glut and higher levels of omega-3 highly expressed occluding, mucin-2, junctional Adhesion Molecule 2, b-defensin-1 and cathelicidins-2 genes. Group fed 1% Glut + omega-3 showed an increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase and super oxide dismutase enzymes activities with reduced levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and H2O2. Post-infection, dietary Glut and 1% omega-3 increased intestinal interleukin-10 (IL) and secretory immunoglobulin-A and serum lysozyme, while decreased the elevated inflammatory mediators comprising interleukin IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase. Fecal oocyst excretion and lesions score severity were lowered in the group fed 1% Glut and omega 3. Based on these findings, dietary Glut and omega-3 supplementation augmented restored overall broilers' performance after coccidial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa T.Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham A. Abd El-Wahab
- Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma Eldemery
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Saleh Altuwaijri
- Department of Pathology and laboratory diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M.M. Ezz-Eldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ehab M. Abd-Allah
- Veterinary Educational Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Zayed
- Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Zohair S. Mulla
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudia Arabia
| | - Rasha B. El Sharkawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Zagazig Branch, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shereen Badr
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Wessam Youssef
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Hong C, Huang Y, Yang G, Wen X, Wang L, Yang X, Gao K, Jiang Z, Xiao H. Maternal resveratrol improves the intestinal health and weight gain of suckling piglets during high summer temperatures: The involvement of exosome-derived microRNAs and immunoglobin in colostrum. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:36-48. [PMID: 38464951 PMCID: PMC10921242 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that maternal resveratrol improved growth performance and altered the microbial composition of suckling piglets under hot summer conditions. However, it remains unclear how maternal resveratrol improves growth performance of suckling piglets during high summer temperatures. A total of 20 sows (Landrace × Large White; three parity) were randomly assigned to 2 groups (with or without 300 mg/kg resveratrol) from d 75 of gestation to d 21 of lactation during high ambient temperatures (from 27 to 30 °C). The results showed that maternal resveratrol supplementation increased total daily weight gain of piglets under hot summer conditions, which is consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, we found that maternal resveratrol improved the intestinal morphology and intestinal epithelial proliferation in suckling piglets. Dietary resveratrol supplementation affected the characteristics of exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) in sow colostrum, as well as the genes targeted by differentially produced miRNAs. MiRNAs are concentrated in the tight junction pathway. As a result, the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins was increased in suckling piglets (P < 0.05). Notably, maternal resveratrol increased the intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels of suckling piglets via colostrum immunoglobin (P < 0.05), which could increase the abundance of beneficial microbiota to further increase the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in suckling piglets' intestine (P < 0.05). Finally, our correlation analysis further demonstrated the positive associations between significantly differential intestinal microbiota, intestinal sIgA production and SCFA concentrations, as well as the positive relation between total daily weight gain and intestinal health of suckling piglets. Taken together, our findings suggested that maternal resveratrol could promote intestinal health to improve piglet growth during high summer temperatures, which might be associated with the immunoglobin and exosome-derived miRNAs in sows' colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaolu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiguo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang C, Zheng J, Han X, Zhao J, Cheng S, Li A. Bovine Colostrum miR-30a-5p Targets the NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Inflammation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38606544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common disease of the digestive system, and an excessive immune response mediated by the nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is an essential etiology. Recent studies have found that bovine milk exosomes can improve intestinal mucosal health by delivering microRNA (miRNA), but the mechanism of action is so far unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the differential expression profiles of miRNA in colostrum and mature milk exosomes using high-throughput sequencing, based on the demonstration that colostrum exosomes inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal epithelial NF-κB inflammatory pathway better than mature milk exosomes. The bta-miR-30a-5p, which is specifically highly expressed in colostrum, was screened, and its predicted target gene TRAM was found to be closely related to the NF-κB signaling pathway by functional enrichment analysis. Further, we used gene overexpression and silencing techniques and found that the bta-miR-30a-5p transfection treatment was confirmed to inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activation and downstream pro-inflammatory factor expression, while the expression of its potential target gene, TRAM, was also suppressed. It is hypothesized that the high expression of bta-miR-30a-5p in colostrum, which targets TRAM to inhibit the downstream NF-κB inflammatory pathway, may be one of the molecular mechanisms responsible for its superior effect on resisting inflammatory attack compared to mature milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Company Limited, Shanghai 200436, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xueting Han
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Shihui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Aili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Company Limited, Shanghai 200436, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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Sundaram TS, Addis MF, Giromini C, Rebucci R, Pisanu S, Pagnozzi D, Baldi A. Comprehensive proteomic analysis reveals omega-3 fatty acids to counteract endotoxin-stimulated metabolic dysregulation in porcine enterocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21595. [PMID: 38062040 PMCID: PMC10703801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are reported to beneficially affect the intestinal immunity. The biological pathways modulated by n-3 PUFA during an infection, at the level of intestinal epithelial barrier remain elusive. To address this gap, we investigated the proteomic changes induced by n-3 PUFA in porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2), in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress conditions using shotgun proteomics analysis integrated with RNA-sequencing technology. A total of 33, 85, and 88 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified in cells exposed to n-3 PUFA (DHA:EPA), LPS, and n-3 PUFA treatment followed by LPS stimulation, respectively. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of DAPs revealed the modulation of central carbon metabolism, including the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation processes. Specifically, LPS caused metabolic dysregulation in enterocytes, which was abated upon prior treatment with n-3 PUFA. Besides, n-3 PUFA supplementation facilitated enterocyte development and lipid homeostasis. Altogether, this work for the first time comprehensively described the biological pathways regulated by n-3 PUFA in enterocytes, particularly during endotoxin-stimulated metabolic dysregulation. Additionally, this study may provide nutritional biomarkers in monitoring the intestinal health of human and animals on n-3 PUFA-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvi Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pisanu
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.R.L, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Loc. Tramariglio 15, 07041, Alghero, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.R.L, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Loc. Tramariglio 15, 07041, Alghero, Italy
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
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Yu Y, Li R, Pu L, Pan C, Guo C, Wang X. Citrus tangerine pith extract alleviates hypoxia-induced ileum damage in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37314241 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visitors to high altitude are susceptible to hypoxia-induced acute intestinal mucosal barrier injury and severe gastrointestinal disorders, which are life-threatening. Citrus tangerine pith extract (CTPE) is rich in pectin and flavonoids and has been proved to enhance intestinal health and improve gut dysbiosis. In this study, we aim to explore the protective effect of CTPE on ileum injury induced by intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in a mouse model. Balb/c mice were divided into blank normoxia (BN), blank hypobaric hypoxia (BH), hypobaric hypoxia plus CTPE (TH), and hypobaric hypoxia plus Rhodiola extract (RH) groups. From the 6th day of gavage, mice in BH, TH, and RH groups were transferred into a hypobaric chamber at a simulated elevation of 6000 m for 8 hours per day for 10 days. Then half the mice were tested for small intestine movement, and others were used to evaluate intestinal physical barrier function, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Results showed that CTPE reversed the increase of intestinal peristalsis, effectively attenuated impaired structural integrity of ileum, improved the mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction proteins, and reduced serum D-LA content in mice to alleviate hypoxia-induced mucosal barrier damage. Moreover, CTPE supplementation ameliorated hypoxia-induced intestinal inflammation response by significantly downregulating the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ. By 16S rDNA gene sequencing of gut microbiota, CTPE significantly increased the abundance of probiotic Lactobacillus, suggesting that CTPE may be used as a prebiotic to regulate ecology of intestinal microorganisms. In addition, Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that changed gut microbiota were significantly correlated with alteration of intestinal barrier function indexes. Taken together, these results indicate that CTPE effectively alleviates hypoxia-induced intestinal injury in mice and enhances intestinal integrity and barrier function by altering intestinal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Ran Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Lingling Pu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Cunyao Pan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Wang YC, Cao Y, Pan C, Zhou Z, Yang L, Lusis AJ. Intestinal cell type-specific communication networks underlie homeostasis and response to Western diet. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213924. [PMID: 36880999 PMCID: PMC10038833 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine plays a key role in immunity and mediates inflammatory responses to high fat diets. We have used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and statistical modeling to examine gaps in our understanding of the dynamic properties of intestinal cells and underlying cellular mechanisms. Our scRNA-seq and flow cytometry studies of different layers of intestinal cells revealed new cell subsets and modeled developmental trajectories of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, lamina propria lymphocytes, conventional dendritic cells, and enterocytes. As compared to chow-fed mice, a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) "Western" diet resulted in the accumulation of specific immune cell populations and marked changes to enterocytes nutrient absorption function. Utilizing ligand-receptor analysis, we profiled high-resolution intestine interaction networks across all immune cell and epithelial structural cell types in mice fed chow or HFHS diets. These results revealed novel interactions and communication hubs among intestinal cells, and their potential roles in local as well as systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121244. [PMID: 36557150 PMCID: PMC9787595 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and include microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and exomeres. Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs) released from cancer cells are involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells via angiogenesis. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which is being employed in regenerative medicine owing to the ability of MSCs to differentiate into various cells, is due to humoral factors, including messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, which are encapsulated in exosomes derived from transplanted cells. New treatments that advocate cell-free therapy using MSC-derived exosomes will significantly improve clinical practice. Therefore, using highly purified exosomes that perform their original functions is desirable. In this review, we summarized advances in the purification, modification, and application of EVs as novel strategies to treat some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan
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Tzora A, Voidarou C(C, Giannenas I, Bonos E, Fotou K, Nelli A, Grigoriadou K, Karamoutsios A, Basdagianni Z, Dokou S, Tsinas A, Skoufos I. Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Enrichment on the Chemical Composition and the Pathogenic Microbiota of Ovine Milk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223736. [PMID: 36429328 PMCID: PMC9689586 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for ovine milk and ovine dairy products is constantly increasing due to their exceptional sensorial characteristics and their health benefits for consumers. However, dairy fat content and composition are of particular concern for consumers as well as the medical community, as there are risk factors for coronary disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and other serious diseases. For this reason, attempts have been made to control/regulate the fat composition of ovine milk by modifying sheep dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this experimental trial, a group of sheep were fed for 30 days a diet enriched in flaxseeds and lupines, feed ingredients rich in omega-3 fatty acids, aiming to investigate the effects on fat composition and the microbiota of ovine milk. Chemical analysis of the collected milk showed that the omega-3 and omega-6 content was increased. On the opposite, the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes decreased. Of importance was the semi-protective effect on the udder by the increased omega-3 dietary intake, as depicted by its impact on the biodiversity of the pathogenic microbiota. These findings suggest that ovine milk could be modified under specific conditions to be more appropriate for the consumption by people belonging to high-risk groups for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 471 32 Arta, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 471 32 Arta, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Bonos
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 471 32 Arta, Greece
| | - Konstantina Fotou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 471 32 Arta, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Nelli
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 471 32 Arta, Greece
| | - Katerina Grigoriadou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, Thermi, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Achilleas Karamoutsios
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 471 32 Arta, Greece
| | - Zoitsa Basdagianni
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Dokou
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tsinas
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 471 32 Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 471 32 Arta, Greece
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Cadario F. Vitamin D and ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids towards a Personalized Nutrition of Youth Diabetes: A Narrative Lecture. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224887. [PMID: 36432570 PMCID: PMC9699239 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After the discovery of insulin, nutrition has become central in the management of diabetes in order to limit glycemic rise after meals, optimize metabolic control, and prevent complications. Over the past one hundred years, international scientific societies have consecutively refined nutritional needs and optimized food intake for the treatment of diabetes. In particular, over the past century, nutrition applied with pumps for the administration of insulin and continuous glucose monitoring have allowed substantial advancement in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The role of some substances, such as vitamin D and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been proposed without univocal conclusions, individually or in combination, or in the diet, to improve the nutrition of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This second condition, which is highly associated with overweight, should be prevented from childhood onwards. Personalized nutrition could bypass the problem, reaching a scientific conclusion on the individual subject. This article focuses on childhood and adolescent diabetes, aims to provide a narrative summary of nutrition over the past century, and promotes the concept of personalized nutrition to pediatricians and pediatric diabetologists as a possible tool for the treatment of type 1 diabetes and the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cadario
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Diabetes Research Institute Federation, Miami, FL 33163, USA
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