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Limaye S, Lohar T, Dube H, Ramasamy S, Kale M, Kulkarni-Kale U, Kuchipudi SV. Rapid evolution leads to extensive genetic diversification of cattle flu Influenza D virus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1276. [PMID: 39375524 PMCID: PMC11458855 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV), the cattle flu virus, is a novel multi-host RNA virus, circulating silently worldwide, with widespread seropositivity among US cattle, reaching up to 80% in some areas raising a potential threat of cattle-to-human transmission. Currently, five genetic lineages of IDV have been described, but their evolutionary dynamics have not been studied. Although IDV was first identified in 2011, our comprehensive analysis of all known IDV genomes suggests that the earliest ancestors of IDV likely to have evolved towards the end of the 20th century and D/OK lineage appears to have emerged in 2005. We confirmed a significantly higher substitution rate in IDV than in Influenza C virus, which is consistent with their global distribution and multi-host tropism. We identified multiple sub-populations within the D/OK lineage, highlighting extensive diversification and dissemination. Other findings are evidence for potential reassortment among IDV strains in the USA and transboundary circulation of IDV in Europe with introductions into Danish cattle, some of which potentially originated from France. IDV, an emerging virus with a higher rate of evolution and uncontrolled circulation, could facilitate its adaptation to humans. Our findings underscore the importance of targeted surveillance for IDV in humans and at-risk animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Limaye
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Tejas Lohar
- Department of Statistics, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Harita Dube
- Department of Statistics, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mohan Kale
- Department of Statistics, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Urmila Kulkarni-Kale
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India.
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South Eastern Norway, Bo, Norway.
- CIS-Citadel Precision Medicine LLC, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Batovska J, Brohier ND, Mee PT, Constable FE, Rodoni BC, Lynch SE. The Australian Biosecurity Genomic Database: a new resource for high-throughput sequencing analysis based on the National Notifiable Disease List of Terrestrial Animals. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae084. [PMID: 39197058 PMCID: PMC11352597 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
The Australian Biosecurity Genomic Database (ABGD) is a curated collection of reference viral genome sequences based on the Australian National Notifiable Disease List of Terrestrial Animals. It was created to facilitate the screening of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data for the potential presence of viruses associated with notifiable disease. The database includes a single verified sequence (the exemplar species sequence, where relevant) for each of the 60 virus species across 21 viral families that are associated with or cause these notifiable diseases, as recognized by the World Organisation for Animal Health. The open-source ABGD on GitHub provides usage guidance documents and is intended to support building a culture in Australian HTS communities that promotes the use of quality-assured, standardized, and verified databases for Australia's national biosecurity interests. Future expansion of the database will include the addition of more strains or subtypes for highly variable viruses, viruses causing diseases of aquatic animals, and genomes of other types of pathogens associated with notifiable diseases, such as bacteria. Database URL: https://github.com/ausbiopathgenDB/AustralianBiosecurityGenomicDatabase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Batovska
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Natasha D Brohier
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Peter T Mee
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology (SASB), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Fiona E Constable
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology (SASB), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Brendan C Rodoni
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology (SASB), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Stacey E Lynch
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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Medina JE, Castañeda S, Camargo M, Garcia-Corredor DJ, Muñoz M, Ramírez JD. Exploring viral diversity and metagenomics in livestock: insights into disease emergence and spillover risks in cattle. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2029-2049. [PMID: 38865041 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Cattle have a significant impact on human societies in terms of both economics and health. Viral infections pose a relevant problem as they directly or indirectly disrupt the balance within cattle populations. This has negative consequences at the economic level for producers and territories, and also jeopardizes human health through the transmission of zoonotic diseases that can escalate into outbreaks or pandemics. To establish prevention strategies and control measures at various levels (animal, farm, region, or global), it is crucial to identify the viral agents present in animals. Various techniques, including virus isolation, serological tests, and molecular techniques like PCR, are typically employed for this purpose. However, these techniques have two major drawbacks: they are ineffective for non-culturable viruses, and they only detect a small fraction of the viruses present. In contrast, metagenomics offers a promising approach by providing a comprehensive and unbiased analysis for detecting all viruses in a given sample. It has the potential to identify rare or novel infectious agents promptly and establish a baseline of healthy animals. Nevertheless, the routine application of viral metagenomics for epidemiological surveillance and diagnostics faces challenges related to socioeconomic variables, such as resource availability and space dedicated to metagenomics, as well as the lack of standardized protocols and resulting heterogeneity in presenting results. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge and prospects for using viral metagenomics to detect and identify viruses in cattle raised for livestock, while discussing the epidemiological and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Esteban Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena Camargo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Diego J Garcia-Corredor
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Qi L, Hang T, Wang P, Wang Y, Wu C, Wang Y, Wang X, Hou L, Ban Y, Zhang Z, Zhou W. Discovery and characterization of BRBV-sheep virus in nasal swabs from domestic sheep in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1380708. [PMID: 39006745 PMCID: PMC11239340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The escalating occurrence of infectious disease outbreaks in humans and animals necessitates innovative, effective, and integrated research to better comprehend their transmission and dynamics. Viral infection in livestock has led to profound economic losses globally. Pneumonia is the prevalent cause of death in sheep. However, very few studies exist regarding virus-related pathogens in sheep. Metagenomics sequencing technologies in livestock research hold significant potential to elucidate these contingencies and enhance our understanding. Methods Therefore, this study aims to characterize respiratory viromes in paired nasal swabs from Inner Mongolian feedlot sheep in China using metaviromic sequencing. Through deep sequencing, de novo assembly, and similarity searches using translated protein sequences, several previously uncharacterized and known viruses were identified in this study. Results Among these discoveries, a novel Bovine Rhinitis B Virus (BRBV) (BRBV-sheep) strain was serendipitously detected in the nasal swabs of domestic sheep (Ovis aries). To facilitate further molecular epidemiological studies, the entire genome of BRBV-sheep was also determined. Owing to the unique sequence characteristics and phylogenetic position of BRBV-sheep, genetically distinct lineages of BRBV in sheep may exist. A TaqMan-based qRT-PCR assay targeting the 3D polymerase gene was developed and used to screen 592 clinical sheep specimens. The results showed that 44.59% of the samples (264/592) were positive. These findings suggest that BRBV sheep are widespread among Inner Mongolian herds. Conclusion This discovery marks the initial identification of BRBV in sheep within Inner Mongolia, China. These findings contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology and genetic evolution of BRBV. Recognizing the presence of BRBV in sheep informs strategies for disease management and surveillance and the potential development of targeted interventions to control its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lemuge Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Tianyu Hang
- Animal Health and Slaughtering Management Stationin, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Caili Wu
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yongqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Xufen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Yaxing Ban
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Weiguang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
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Tóth F, Gáspár G, Pankovics P, Urbán P, Herczeg R, Albert M, Reuter G, Boros Á. Co-infecting viruses of species Bovine rhinitis B virus (Picornaviridae) and Bovine nidovirus 1 (Tobaniviridae) identified for the first time from a post-mortem respiratory sample of a sheep (Ovis aries) in Hungary. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 120:105585. [PMID: 38508364 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a picornavirus and a nidovirus were identified from a single available nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) sample of a freshly deceased sheep, as the only vertebrate viruses found with viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing methods. The sample was originated from a mixed feedlot farm in Hungary where sheep and cattle were held together but in separate stalls. Most of the sheep had respiratory signs (coughing and increased respiratory effort) at the time of sampling. Other NPS were not, but additional enteric samples were collected from sheep (n = 27) and cattle (n = 11) of the same farm at that time. The complete/nearly complete genomes of the identified viruses were determined using RT-PCR and Nanopore (MinION-Flonge) / Dye-terminator sequencing techniques. The results of detailed genomic and phylogenetic analyses indicate that the identified picornavirus most likely belongs to a type 4 genotype of species Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV-4, OR885914) of genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae while the ovine nidovirus (OvNV, OR885915) - as a novel variant - could belong to the recently created Bovine nidovirus 1 (BoNV) species of genus Bostovirus, family Tobaniviridae. None of the identified viruses were detectable in the enteric samples using RT-PCR and generic screening primer pairs. Both viruses are well-known respiratory pathogens of cattle, but their presence was not demonstrated before in other animals, like sheep. Furthermore, neither BRBV-4 nor BoNVs were investigated in European cattle and/or sheep flocks, therefore it cannot be determined whether the presence of these viruses in sheep was a result of a single host species switch/spillover event or these viruses are circulating in not just cattle but sheep populations as well. Further studies required to investigate the spread of these viruses in Hungarian and European sheep and cattle populations and to identify their pathogenic potential in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Tóth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gáspár
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Pankovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Urbán
- János Szentágothai Research Centre of the University of Pécs, Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- János Szentágothai Research Centre of the University of Pécs, Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Reuter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Boros
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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Milićević V, Šolaja S, Glišić D, Ninković M, Milovanović B, Đorđević M, Ristevski S, Spasojević F, Dačić M. Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 and Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Dominant Viral Players in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex among Serbian Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1458. [PMID: 38791675 PMCID: PMC11117219 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex, a complex respiratory ailment in cattle, results from a combination of viral and bacterial factors, compounded by environmental stressors such as overcrowding, transportation, and adverse weather conditions. Its impact extends beyond mere health concerns, posing significant economic threats to the cattle industry. This study presents an extensive investigation into viral pathogens associated with BRDC in Serbian cattle, utilizing serum samples and nasal swabs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 across 65 randomly selected dairy farms in Serbia, excluding farms with vaccinated cattle. The farms were categorized by their livestock count: small (≤50 animals), medium (51-200 animals), and large (>200 animals). Serum samples from adult cattle older than 24 months were tested for antibodies against BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV, and BPIV3. Nasal swab samples from the animals with respiratory signs were tested using PCR for viral genome detection. The results showed seropositivity for all four viruses across all of the farms, with BPIV3 exhibiting universal seropositivity. Medium-sized and large farms demonstrated higher levels of seropositivity for BRSV and BHV-1 compared to small farms (p < 0.05). Our true seroprevalence estimates at the animal level were 84.29% for BRSV, 54.08% for BVDV, 90.61% for BHV-1, and 84.59% for BPIV3. A PCR analysis of the nasal swabs revealed positive detections for BRSV (20%), BHV-1 (1.7%), BVDV (8%), and BPIV3 (10.9%). Influenza D virus was not found in any of the samples. This study provides critical insights into the prevalence and circulation of viral pathogens associated with BRDC in Serbian cattle, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and control measures to mitigate the impact of respiratory diseases in cattle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milićević
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Sofija Šolaja
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Dimitrije Glišić
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Milan Ninković
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Bojan Milovanović
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Milan Đorđević
- Veterinary Clinic “Mladenovac”, Kralja Petra I 347, 11400 Mladenovac, Serbia;
| | | | - Filip Spasojević
- Al Dahra Srbija doo, Gorskih Jasenova 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miroljub Dačić
- Veterinary Specialized Institute “Jagodina”, Boška Jovića 6, 35000 Jagodina, Serbia;
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Limaye S, Shelke A, Kale MM, Kulkarni-Kale U, Kuchipudi SV. IDV Typer: An Automated Tool for Lineage Typing of Influenza D Viruses Based on Return Time Distribution. Viruses 2024; 16:373. [PMID: 38543738 PMCID: PMC10976072 DOI: 10.3390/v16030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) is the most recent addition to the Orthomyxoviridae family and cattle serve as the primary reservoir. IDV has been implicated in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC), and there is serological evidence of human infection of IDV. Evolutionary changes in the IDV genome have resulted in the expansion of genetic diversity and the emergence of multiple lineages that might expand the host tropism and potentially increase the pathogenicity to animals and humans. Therefore, there is an urgent need for automated, accurate and rapid typing tools for IDV lineage typing. Currently, IDV lineage typing is carried out using BLAST-based searches and alignment-based molecular phylogeny of the hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) gene sequences, and lineage is assigned to query sequences based on sequence similarity (BLAST search) and proximity to the reference lineages in the tree topology, respectively. To minimize human intervention and lineage typing time, we developed IDV Typer server, implementing alignment-free method based on return time distribution (RTD) of k-mers. Lineages are assigned using HEF gene sequences. The server performs with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The IDV Typer server is the first application of an RTD-based alignment-free method for typing animal viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Limaye
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune 411007, India; (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Anant Shelke
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune 411007, India; (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Mohan M. Kale
- Department of Statistics, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune 411007, India;
| | - Urmila Kulkarni-Kale
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune 411007, India; (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Mahony TJ, Briody TE, Ommeh SC. Can the Revolution in mRNA-Based Vaccine Technologies Solve the Intractable Health Issues of Current Ruminant Production Systems? Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:152. [PMID: 38400135 PMCID: PMC10893269 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To achieve the World Health Organization's global Sustainable Development Goals, increased production of high-quality protein for human consumption is required while minimizing, ideally reducing, environmental impacts. One way to achieve these goals is to address losses within current livestock production systems. Infectious diseases are key limiters of edible protein production, affecting both quantity and quality. In addition, some of these diseases are zoonotic threats and potential contributors to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Vaccination has proven to be highly successful in controlling and even eliminating several livestock diseases of economic importance. However, many livestock diseases, both existing and emerging, have proven to be recalcitrant targets for conventional vaccination technologies. The threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented global investment in vaccine technologies to accelerate the development of safe and efficacious vaccines. While several vaccination platforms emerged as front runners to meet this challenge, the clear winner is mRNA-based vaccination. The challenge now is for livestock industries and relevant stakeholders to harness these rapid advances in vaccination to address key diseases affecting livestock production. This review examines the key features of mRNA vaccines, as this technology has the potential to control infectious diseases of importance to livestock production that have proven otherwise difficult to control using conventional approaches. This review focuses on the challenging diseases of ruminants due to their importance in global protein production. Overall, the current literature suggests that, while mRNA vaccines have the potential to address challenges in veterinary medicine, further developments are likely to be required for this promise to be realized for ruminant and other livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Mahony
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.E.B.); (S.C.O.)
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Kwasnik M, Rola J, Rozek W. Influenza D in Domestic and Wild Animals. Viruses 2023; 15:2433. [PMID: 38140674 PMCID: PMC10748149 DOI: 10.3390/v15122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) infections have been observed in animals worldwide, confirmed through both serological and molecular tests, as well as virus isolation. IDV possesses unique properties that distinguish it from other influenza viruses, primarily attributed to the hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) surface glycoprotein, which determines the virus' tropism and wide host range. Cattle are postulated to be the reservoir of IDV, and the virus is identified as one of the causative agents of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) syndrome. Animals associated with humans and susceptible to IDV infection include camels, pigs, small ruminants, and horses. Notably, high seroprevalence towards IDV, apart from cattle, is also observed in camels, potentially constituting a reservoir of the virus. Among wild and captive animals, IDV infections have been confirmed in feral pigs, wild boars, deer, hedgehogs, giraffes, wildebeests, kangaroos, wallabies, and llamas. The transmission potential and host range of IDV may contribute to future viral differentiation. It has been confirmed that influenza D may pose a threat to humans as a zoonosis, with seroprevalence noted in people with professional contact with cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wojciech Rozek
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.K.); (J.R.)
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