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Khalifa A, Guijarro A, Nencioni A. Advances in Diet and Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2024; 16:2262. [PMID: 39064705 PMCID: PMC11279876 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently a growing interest in diets and physical activity patterns that may be beneficial in preventing and treating breast cancer (BC). Mounting evidence indicates that indeed, the so-called Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and regular physical activity likely both help reduce the risk of developing BC. For those who have already received a BC diagnosis, these interventions may decrease the risk of tumor recurrence after treatment and improve quality of life. Studies also show the potential of other dietary interventions, including fasting or modified fasting, calorie restriction, ketogenic diets, and vegan or plant-based diets, to enhance the efficacy of BC therapies. In this review article, we discuss the biological rationale for utilizing these dietary interventions and physical activity in BC prevention and treatment. We highlight published and ongoing clinical studies that have applied these lifestyle interventions to BC patients. This review offers valuable insights into the potential application of these dietary interventions and physical activity as complimentary therapies in BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ana Guijarro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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2
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Guo JY, White E. Role of Tumor Cell Intrinsic and Host Autophagy in Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041539. [PMID: 38253423 PMCID: PMC11216174 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy hereafter) is an intracellular nutrient scavenging pathway induced by starvation and other stressors whereby cellular components such as organelles are captured in double-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes), whereupon their contents are degraded through fusion with lysosomes. Two main purposes of autophagy are to recycle the intracellular breakdown products to sustain metabolism and survival during starvation and to eliminate damaged or excess cellular components to suppress inflammation and maintain homeostasis. In contrast to most normal cells and tissues in the fed state, tumor cells up-regulate autophagy to promote their growth, survival, and malignancy. This tumor-cell-autonomous autophagy supports elevated metabolic demand and suppresses tumoricidal activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Tumor-cell-nonautonomous (e.g., host) autophagy also supports tumor growth by maintaining essential tumor nutrients in the circulation and tumor microenvironment and by suppressing an antitumor immune response. In the setting of cancer therapy, autophagy is a resistance mechanism to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Thus, tumor and host autophagy are protumorigenic and autophagy inhibition is being examined as a novel therapeutic approach to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
- Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08903, USA
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3
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Margetis AT. Caloric restriction for the management of malignant tumors - from animal studies towards clinical translation. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:1-9. [PMID: 36755497 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, numerous studies have demonstrated that dietary modifications in the form of calory restriction exert beneficial effects in several clinical entities, including aging-related pathologies, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Both as preventive but also as therapeutic modalities, these dietary regimens can impact systemic metabolism, immune and hormonal responses, redox balance and gut microbiota, among others. In the field of oncology, the vast majority of experimental work has explored the role of restricted diets in the prevention of malignant tumors, mostly in carcinogenesis-induced models, with at least encouraging results; on the contrary, less research has been performed in the management of full-blown cancer with ketogenic diet or caloric restriction protocols. Herein, we are aiming to review the relevant preclinical and clinical studies to date that investigate the role of caloric restriction in the treatment of established cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggelos T Margetis
- Internal Medicine-Oncology Residency Program, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece
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4
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Castellano I, Gallo F, Durelli P, Monge T, Fadda M, Metovic J, Cassoni P, Borella F, Raucci C, Menischetti M, Beano A, Migliaretti G, Finocchiaro C. Impact of Caloric Restriction in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Prospective Case Control Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4677. [PMID: 37960330 PMCID: PMC10648206 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: It is well established that caloric restriction (CR) may influence metabolic and hormonal factors involved in cancer development and progression. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that CR may have a favorable impact on the response to systemic therapy in breast cancer (BC) patients. However, there is a lack of data regarding the influence of CR during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Our study's primary aim was to evaluate CR's impact on BC patients undergoing NACT. Secondly, we investigated the nutritional efficacy and safety of this intervention. Methods: We performed a prospective, case-control study in two breast units. A diet group consisting of 39 patients undergoing NACT and CR was enrolled in our study at the same time. CR consisted of a 30% reduction in caloric intake, which increased to 50% on the days before, during, and after the administration of chemotherapy. A control group of 60 patients that underwent the same treatment approach only followed the general dietary recommendations for BC according to WCRF guidelines. The diet group was monitored during the study for both dietary adequacy and weight trends. Results: CR combined with NACT showed a statistically significant therapeutic response in tumor size (OR 2.94, IC 1.07-8.01, p = 0.009) and lymph node status (OR 3.22, IC 1.22-8.56, p = 0.001) compared to NACT alone, even after the adjustment for all biological parameters. Our data also showed the efficacy and safety of this intervention in both anthropometric and biochemical analyses. Conclusions: Patients who adhered to CR showed a better response to NACT, both in the breast and in the axillary lymph nodes, compared to the patients in the control group. Furthermore, the CR diet combined with NACT showed good tolerance and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Castellano
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Francesco Gallo
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, City of Health and Science University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Durelli
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, City of Health and Science University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Taira Monge
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, City of Health and Science University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fadda
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, City of Health and Science University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Jasna Metovic
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Carlo Raucci
- Oncology Unity, Cottolengo Hospital, 10152 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Beano
- Medical Breast Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliaretti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Concetta Finocchiaro
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, City of Health and Science University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
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5
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Martinelli S, Lamminpää I, Dübüş EN, Sarıkaya D, Niccolai E. Synergistic Strategies for Gastrointestinal Cancer Care: Unveiling the Benefits of Immunonutrition and Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2023; 15:4408. [PMID: 37892482 PMCID: PMC10610426 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of highly prevalent malignant tumors affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Globally, one in four cancer cases and one in three cancer deaths are estimated to be GI cancers. They can alter digestive and absorption functions, leading to severe malnutrition which may worsen the prognosis of the patients. Therefore, nutritional intervention and monitoring play a fundamental role in managing metabolic alterations and cancer symptoms, as well as minimizing side effects and increasing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. In this scenario, the use of immunonutrients that are able to modulate the immune system and the modification/regulation of the gut microbiota composition have gained attention as a possible strategy to improve the conditions of these patients. The complex interaction between nutrients and microbiota might contribute to maintaining the homeostasis of each individual's immune system; therefore, concurrent use of specific nutrients in combination with traditional cancer treatments may synergistically improve the overall care of GI cancer patients. This work aims to review and discuss the role of immunonutrition and microbiota modulation in improving nutritional status, postoperative recovery, and response to therapies in patients with GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Martinelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.M.); (I.L.)
| | - Ingrid Lamminpää
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.M.); (I.L.)
| | - Eda Nur Dübüş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; (E.N.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Dilara Sarıkaya
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; (E.N.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.M.); (I.L.)
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6
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Shabkhizan R, Haiaty S, Moslehian MS, Bazmani A, Sadeghsoltani F, Saghaei Bagheri H, Rahbarghazi R, Sakhinia E. The Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Autophagic Response to Caloric Restriction and Fasting. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1211-1225. [PMID: 37527766 PMCID: PMC10509423 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Each cell is equipped with a conserved housekeeping mechanism, known as autophagy, to recycle exhausted materials and dispose of injured organelles via lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is an early-stage cellular response to stress stimuli in both physiological and pathological situations. It is thought that the promotion of autophagy flux prevents host cells from subsequent injuries by removing damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. As a correlate, the modulation of autophagy is suggested as a therapeutic approach in diverse pathological conditions. Accumulated evidence suggests that intermittent fasting or calorie restriction can lead to the induction of adaptive autophagy and increase longevity of eukaryotic cells. However, prolonged calorie restriction with excessive autophagy response is harmful and can stimulate a type II autophagic cell death. Despite the existence of a close relationship between calorie deprivation and autophagic response in different cell types, the precise molecular mechanisms associated with this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, we aimed to highlight the possible effects of prolonged and short-term calorie restriction on autophagic response and cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Shabkhizan
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Sadat Moslehian
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Bazmani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Student Committee Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Blaževitš O, Di Tano M, Longo VD. Fasting and fasting mimicking diets in cancer prevention and therapy. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:212-222. [PMID: 36646607 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fasting mimicking diets (FMDs) are emerging as effective dietary interventions with the potential to improve healthspan and decrease the incidence of cancer and other age-related diseases. Unlike chronic dietary restrictions or water-only fasting, FMDs represent safer and less challenging options for cancer patients. FMD cycles increase protection in healthy cells while sensitizing cancer cells to various therapies, partly by generating complex environments that promote differential stress resistance (DSR) and differential stress sensitization (DSS), respectively. More recent data indicate that FMD cycles enhance the efficacy of a range of drugs targeting different cancers in mice by stimulating antitumor immunity. Here, we report on the effects of FMD cycles on cancer prevention and treatment and the mechanisms implicated in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Blaževitš
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Maira Di Tano
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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8
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Mukhopadhyay S, Mahapatra KK, Praharaj PP, Patil S, Bhutia SK. Recent progress of autophagy signaling in tumor microenvironment and its targeting for possible cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:196-208. [PMID: 34500075 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosomal catabolic process, involves degradation of cellular materials, protein aggregate, and dysfunctional organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Strikingly, autophagy exhibits a dual-sided role in cancer; on the one hand, it promotes clearance of transformed cells and inhibits tumorigenesis, while cytoprotective autophagy has a role in sustaining cancer. The autophagy signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during cancer growth and therapy is not adequately understood. The review highlights the role of autophagy signaling pathways to support cancer growth and progression in adaptation to the oxidative and hypoxic context of TME. Furthermore, autophagy contributes to regulating the metabolic switch for generating sufficient levels of high-energy metabolites, including amino acids, ketones, glutamine, and free fatty acids for cancer cell survival. Interestingly, autophagy has a critical role in modulating the tumor-associated fibroblast resulting in different cytokines and paracrine signaling mediated angiogenesis and invasion of pre-metastatic niches to secondary tumor sites. Moreover, autophagy promotes immune evasion to inhibit antitumor immunity, and autophagy inhibitors enhance response to immunotherapy with infiltration of immune cells to the TME niche. Furthermore, autophagy in TME maintains and supports the survival of cancer stem cells resulting in chemoresistance and therapy recurrence. Presently, drug repurposing has enabled the use of lysosomal inhibitor-based antimalarial drugs like chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as clinically available autophagy inhibitors in cancer therapy. We focus on the recent developments of multiple autophagy modulators from pre-clinical trials and the challenges in developing autophagy-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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9
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Ogilvie AR, Watford M, Wu G, Sukumar D, Kwon J, Shapses SA. Decreased fasting serum glucogenic amino acids with a higher compared to normal protein diet during energy restriction in women: a randomized controlled trial. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1467-1472. [PMID: 34338883 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary protein alters circulating amino acid (AAs) levels and higher protein intake (HP) is one means of losing weight. We examined 34 overweight and obese women (57 ± 4 years) during 6 months of energy restriction (7.3 ± 3.8% weight loss) divided into groups consuming either normal protein (NP; 18.6 energy% protein) or HP (24.3 energy% protein). There was a reduction in fasting serum glucogenic AAs (p = 0.015) that also associated with greater weight loss (p < 0.05) in the HP group, but not in the NP group. These findings have implications for nutrient prioritization during energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ogilvie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M Watford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - G Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - D Sukumar
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - S A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-RWJ Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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10
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Piffoux M, Eriau E, Cassier PA. Autophagy as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:333-344. [PMID: 32929194 PMCID: PMC7852577 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by early metastasis and resistance to anti-cancer therapy, leading to an overall poor prognosis. Despite continued research efforts, no targeted therapy has yet shown meaningful efficacy in PDAC; mutations in the oncogene KRAS and the tumour suppressor TP53, which are the most common genomic alterations in PDAC, have so far shown poor clinical actionability. Autophagy, a conserved process allowing cells to recycle altered or unused organelles and cellular components, has been shown to be upregulated in PDAC and is implicated in resistance to both cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Autophagy is thus regarded as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC and other cancers. Although the molecular mechanisms of autophagy activation in PDAC are only beginning to emerge, several groups have reported interesting results when combining inhibitors of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and inhibitors of autophagy in models of PDAC and other KRAS-driven cancers. In this article, we review the existing preclinical data regarding the role of autophagy in PDAC, as well as results of relevant clinical trials with agents that modulate autophagy in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Piffoux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR 1197-Interaction cellules souches-niches: physiologie, tumeurs et réparation tissulaire, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire matière et systèmes complexes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Eriau
- Team 11 « Metabolism, Cancer, Immunity », UMR S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Philippe A Cassier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
- TGFβ and Pancreatic Cancer Lab, UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LYON (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
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11
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Cozzo AJ, Coleman MF, Pearce JB, Pfeil AJ, Etigunta SK, Hursting SD. Dietary Energy Modulation and Autophagy: Exploiting Metabolic Vulnerabilities to Starve Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:590192. [PMID: 33224954 PMCID: PMC7674637 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.590192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells experience unique and dynamic shifts in their metabolic function in order to survive, proliferate, and evade growth inhibition in the resource-scarce tumor microenvironment. Therefore, identification of pharmacological agents with potential to reprogram cancer cell metabolism may improve clinical outcomes in cancer therapy. Cancer cells also often exhibit an increased dependence on the process known as autophagy, both for baseline survival and as a response to stressors such as chemotherapy or a decline in nutrient availability. There is evidence to suggest that this increased dependence on autophagy in cancer cells may be exploitable clinically by combining autophagy modulators with existing chemotherapies. In light of the increased metabolic rate in cancer cells, interest is growing in approaches aimed at "starving" cancer through dietary and pharmacologic interventions that reduce availability of nutrients and pro-growth hormonal signals known to promote cancer progression. Several dietary approaches, including chronic calorie restriction and multiple forms of fasting, have been investigated for their potential anti-cancer benefits, yielding promising results in animal models. Induction of autophagy in response to dietary energy restriction may underlie some of the observed benefit. However, while interventions based on dietary energy restriction have demonstrated safety in clinical trials, uncertainty remains regarding translation to humans as well as feasibility of achieving compliance due to the potential discomfort and weight loss that accompanies dietary restriction. Further induction of autophagy through dietary or pharmacologic metabolic reprogramming interventions may enhance the efficacy of autophagy inhibition in the context of adjuvant or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether therapeutic agents aimed at autophagy induction, autophagy inhibition, or both are a viable therapeutic strategy for improving cancer outcomes. This review discusses the literature available for the therapeutic potential of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jane B Pearce
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alexander J Pfeil
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Suhas K Etigunta
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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12
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Altea‐Manzano P, Cuadros AM, Broadfield LA, Fendt S. Nutrient metabolism and cancer in the in vivo context: a metabolic game of give and take. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50635. [PMID: 32964587 PMCID: PMC7534637 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients are indispensable resources that provide the macromolecular building blocks and energy requirements for sustaining cell growth and survival. Cancer cells require several key nutrients to fulfill their changing metabolic needs as they progress through stages of development. Moreover, both cell-intrinsic and microenvironment-influenced factors determine nutrient dependencies throughout cancer progression-for which a comprehensive characterization remains incomplete. In addition to the widely studied role of genetic alterations driving cancer metabolism, nutrient use in cancer tissue may be affected by several factors including the following: (i) diet, the primary source of bodily nutrients which influences circulating metabolite levels; (ii) tissue of origin, which can influence the tumor's reliance on specific nutrients to support cell metabolism and growth; (iii) local microenvironment, which dictates the accessibility of nutrients to tumor cells; (iv) tumor heterogeneity, which promotes metabolic plasticity and adaptation to nutrient demands; and (v) functional demand, which intensifies metabolic reprogramming to fuel the phenotypic changes required for invasion, growth, or survival. Here, we discuss the influence of these factors on nutrient metabolism and dependence during various steps of tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Altea‐Manzano
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Alejandro M Cuadros
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Lindsay A Broadfield
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Sarah‐Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
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13
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McGrath C, Sankaran JS, Misaghian‐Xanthos N, Sen B, Xie Z, Styner MA, Zong X, Rubin J, Styner M. Exercise Degrades Bone in Caloric Restriction, Despite Suppression of Marrow Adipose Tissue (MAT). J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:106-115. [PMID: 31509274 PMCID: PMC6980282 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and its relevance to skeletal health during caloric restriction (CR) is unknown: It remains unclear whether exercise, which is anabolic to bone in a calorie-replete state, alters bone or MAT in CR. We hypothesized that response of bone and MAT to exercise in CR differs from the calorie-replete state. Ten-week-old female B6 mice fed a regular diet (RD) or 30% CR diet were allocated to sedentary (RD, CR, n = 10/group) or running exercise (RD-E, CR-E, n = 7/group). After 6 weeks, CR mice weighed 20% less than RD, p < 0.001; exercise did not affect weight. Femoral bone volume (BV) via 3D MRI was 20% lower in CR versus RD (p < 0.0001). CR was associated with decreased bone by μCT: Tb.Th was 16% less in CR versus RD, p < 0.003, Ct.Th was 5% less, p < 0.07. In CR-E, Tb.Th was 40% less than RD-E, p < 0.0001. Exercise increased Tb.Th in RD (+23% RD-E versus RD, p < 0.003) but failed to do so in CR. Cortical porosity increased after exercise in CR (+28%, p = 0.04), suggesting exercise during CR is deleterious to bone. In terms of bone fat, metaphyseal MAT/ BV rose 159% in CR versus RD, p = 0.003 via 3D MRI. Exercise decreased MAT/BV by 52% in RD, p < 0.05, and also suppressed MAT in CR (-121%, p = 0.047). Histomorphometric analysis of adipocyte area correlated with MAT by MRI (R2 = 0.6233, p < 0.0001). With respect to bone, TRAP and Sost mRNA were reduced in CR. Intriguingly, the repressed Sost in CR rose with exercise and may underlie the failure of CR-bone quantity to increase in response to exercise. Notably, CD36, a marker of fatty acid uptake, rose 4088% in CR (p < 0.01 versus RD), suggesting that basal increases in MAT during calorie restriction serve to supply local energy needs and are depleted during exercise with a negative impact on bone. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Jeyantt S Sankaran
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Negin Misaghian‐Xanthos
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Martin A Styner
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Xiaopeng Zong
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
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14
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Abstract
The way cancer cells utilize nutrients to support their growth and proliferation is determined by cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic factors, including interactions with the environment. These interactions can define therapeutic vulnerabilities and impact the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Diet-mediated changes in whole-body metabolism and systemic nutrient availability can affect the environment that cancer cells are exposed to within tumours, and a better understanding of how diet modulates nutrient availability and utilization by cancer cells is needed. How diet impacts cancer outcomes is also of great interest to patients, yet clear evidence for how diet interacts with therapy and impacts tumour growth is lacking. Here we propose an experimental framework to probe the connections between diet and cancer metabolism. We examine how dietary factors may affect tumour growth by altering the access to and utilization of nutrients by cancer cells. Our growing understanding of how certain cancer types respond to various diets, how diet impacts cancer cell metabolism to mediate these responses and whether dietary interventions may constitute new therapeutic opportunities will begin to provide guidance on how best to use diet and nutrition to manage cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Green CL, Soltow QA, Mitchell SE, Derous D, Wang Y, Chen L, Han JDJ, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Jones DP, Speakman JR. The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XIII. Global Metabolomics Screen Reveals Graded Changes in Circulating Amino Acids, Vitamins, and Bile Acids in the Plasma of C57BL/6 Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:16-26. [PMID: 29718123 PMCID: PMC6298180 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) remains the most robust intervention to extend life span and improve health span. Using a global mass spectrometry–based metabolomics approach, we identified metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed in the plasma of C57BL/6 mice, fed graded levels of calorie restriction (10% CR, 20% CR, 30% CR, and 40% CR) compared with mice fed ad libitum for 12 hours a day. The differential expression of metabolites increased with the severity of CR. Pathway analysis revealed that graded CR had an impact on vitamin E and vitamin B levels, branched chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and fatty acid pathways. The majority of amino acids correlated positively with fat-free mass and visceral fat mass, indicating a strong relationship with body composition and vitamin E metabolites correlated with stomach and colon size, which may allude to the beneficial effects of investing in gastrointestinal organs with CR. In addition, metabolites that showed a graded effect, such as the sphinganines, carnitines, and bile acids, match our previous study on liver, which suggests not only that CR remodels the metabolome in a way that promotes energy efficiency, but also that some changes are conserved across tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Quinlyn A Soltow
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology, Seattle.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK.,State Key laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhang N, Yang X, Yuan F, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang L, Mao Z, Luo J, Zhang H, Zhu WG, Zhao Y. Increased Amino Acid Uptake Supports Autophagy-Deficient Cell Survival upon Glutamine Deprivation. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3006-3020. [PMID: 29874586 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a protein degradation process by which intracellular materials are recycled for energy homeostasis. However, the metabolic status and energy source of autophagy-defective tumor cells are poorly understood. Here, our data show that amino acid uptake from the extracellular environment is increased in autophagy-deficient cells upon glutamine deprivation. This elevated amino acid uptake results from activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-dependent upregulation of AAT (amino acid transporter) gene expression. Furthermore, we identify SIRT6, a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, as a corepressor of ATF4 transcriptional activity. In autophagy-deficient cells, activated NRF2 enhances ATF4 transcriptional activity by disrupting the interaction between SIRT6 and ATF4. In this way, autophagy-deficient cells exhibit increased AAT expression and show increased amino acid uptake. Notably, inhibition of amino acid uptake reduces the viability of glutamine-deprived autophagy-deficient cells, but not significantly in wild-type cells, suggesting reliance of autophagy-deficient tumor cells on extracellular amino acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fengjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zebin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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17
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Ahmed A, Saeed F, Arshad MU, Afzaal M, Imran A, Ali SW, Niaz B, Ahmad A, Imran M. Impact of intermittent fasting on human health: an extended review of metabolic cascades. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1560312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shinawar Waseem Ali
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Niaz
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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18
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Abstract
The vulnerability of cancer cells to nutrient deprivation and their dependency on specific metabolites are emerging hallmarks of cancer. Fasting or fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) lead to wide alterations in growth factors and in metabolite levels, generating environments that can reduce the capability of cancer cells to adapt and survive and thus improving the effects of cancer therapies. In addition, fasting or FMDs increase resistance to chemotherapy in normal but not cancer cells and promote regeneration in normal tissues, which could help prevent detrimental and potentially life-threatening side effects of treatments. While fasting is hardly tolerated by patients, both animal and clinical studies show that cycles of low-calorie FMDs are feasible and overall safe. Several clinical trials evaluating the effect of fasting or FMDs on treatment-emergent adverse events and on efficacy outcomes are ongoing. We propose that the combination of FMDs with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or other treatments represents a potentially promising strategy to increase treatment efficacy, prevent resistance acquisition and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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Syrkina M, Viushkov V, Potashnikova D, Veiko V, Vassetzky Y, Rubtsov M. From an increase in the number of tandem repeats through the decrease of sialylation to the downregulation of MUC1 expression level. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4472-4484. [PMID: 30260032 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced glucose uptake by cancer cells was demonstrated in many studies in vitro and in vivo. Glycolysis is one of the main ways of obtaining energy in hypoxia conditions. However, in addition to energy exchange, carbohydrates are also necessary for the posttranslational modification of the protein molecules. Cancer cells are often characterized by an enhanced expression of different glycoproteides. Correct glycosylation defines the structure and activity of such molecules. We demonstrated that under the same cultivation conditions, the intensity of glycosylation does not depend on the total number of potential O-glycosylation sites in one molecule. As a model for the investigation, the tandem repeat region (region with variable number of tandem repeats) of the human mucin MUC1, in which each of the repeats carries four potential O-glycosylation sites, was used. An increase of the tandem repeat number in the recombinant protein did not lead to a proportional increase in the level of sLea glycosides. A consequence of this was a reduction in the number of recombinant proteins associated with the cytoplasmic membrane at an overall high expression level. Prolongation of the cultivation duration led to a reduction in the expression level of the recombinant proteins by up to 30% of the initial level, and the intensity of this reduction was in a direct ratio to the number of tandem repeats in the protein molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Syrkina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,LIA LFR20 (LIA French-Russian Cancer Research Laboratory) Villejuif, France - Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Viushkov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,LIA LFR20 (LIA French-Russian Cancer Research Laboratory) Villejuif, France - Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Veiko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- LIA LFR20 (LIA French-Russian Cancer Research Laboratory) Villejuif, France - Moscow, Russia.,Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR-8126, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Rubtsov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,LIA LFR20 (LIA French-Russian Cancer Research Laboratory) Villejuif, France - Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry/Strategic Management Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Jacomin AC, Gul L, Sudhakar P, Korcsmaros T, Nezis IP. What We Learned From Big Data for Autophagy Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:92. [PMID: 30175097 PMCID: PMC6107789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the process by which cytoplasmic components are engulfed in double-membraned vesicles before being delivered to the lysosome to be degraded. Defective autophagy has been linked to a vast array of human pathologies. The molecular mechanism of the autophagic machinery is well-described and has been extensively investigated. However, understanding the global organization of the autophagy system and its integration with other cellular processes remains a challenge. To this end, various bioinformatics and network biology approaches have been developed by researchers in the last few years. Recently, large-scale multi-omics approaches (like genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics) have been developed and carried out specifically focusing on autophagy, and generating multi-scale data on the related components. In this review, we outline recent applications of in silico investigations and big data analyses of the autophagy process in various biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lejla Gul
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis P. Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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21
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Mandl J, Bánhegyi G. The ER - Glycogen Particle - Phagophore Triangle: A Hub Connecting Glycogenolysis and Glycophagy? Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:821-826. [PMID: 29981013 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen particle is an intracellular organelle, which serves as a carbohydrate reserve in various cells. The function of glycogen is not entirely known in several cell types. Glycogen can be mobilized for different purposes, which can be related to cellular metabolic needs, intracellular redox state, metabolic state of the whole organism depending on regulatory aspects and also on cell functions. Essentially there are two different ways of glycogen degradation localized in different cellular organelles: glycogenolysis or lysosomal breakdown by acid alpha-glucosidase. While glycogenolysis occurs in glycogen particles connected to endoplasmic reticulum membrane, glycogen particles can be also combined with phagophores forming autophagosomes. A subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane - omegasomes - are the sites for phagophore formation. Thus, three organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum, the phagophore and the glycogen particle forms a triangle in which glycogen degradation occurs. The physiological significance, molecular logic and regulation of the two different catabolic paths are summarized and discussed with special aspect on the role of glycogen particles in intracellular organelle homeostasis and on molecular pathology of the cell. Pathological aspects and some diseases connected to the two different degradation pathways of glycogen particles are also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Mandl
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Smith LA, O'Flanagan CH, Bowers LW, Allott EH, Hursting SD. Translating Mechanism-Based Strategies to Break the Obesity-Cancer Link: A Narrative Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:652-667. [PMID: 29102513 PMCID: PMC5869082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for many cancers, has increased dramatically over the past 50 years in the United States and across the globe. Relative to normoweight cancer patients, obese cancer patients often have poorer prognoses, resistance to chemotherapies, and are more likely to develop distant metastases. Recent progress on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer connection suggests that obesity exerts pleomorphic effects on pathways related to tumor development and progression and, thus, there are multiple opportunities for primary prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancers. Obesity-associated alterations, including systemic metabolism, adipose inflammation, growth factor signaling, and angiogenesis, are emerging as primary drivers of obesity-associated cancer development and progression. These obesity-associated host factors interact with the intrinsic molecular characteristics of cancer cells, facilitating several of the hallmarks of cancer. Each is considered in the context of potential preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of obesity-related cancers. In addition, this review focuses on emerging mechanisms behind the obesity-cancer link, as well as relevant dietary interventions, including calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, low-fat diet, and ketogenic diet, that are being implemented in preclinical and clinical trials, with the ultimate goal of reducing incidence and progression of obesity-related cancers.
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23
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Follo C, Cheng Y, Richards WG, Bueno R, Broaddus VC. Inhibition of autophagy initiation potentiates chemosensitivity in mesothelioma. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:319-332. [PMID: 29073722 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of inhibiting autophagy in cancer are still controversial, with differences in outcome based on the type of tumor, the context and the particular stage of inhibition. Here, we investigated the impact of inhibiting autophagy at different stages on chemosensitivity using 3-dimensional (3D) models of mesothelioma, including ex vivo human tumor fragment spheroids. As shown by LC3B accumulation, we successfully inhibited autophagy using either an early stage ULK1/2 inhibitor (MRT 68921) or a late stage inhibitor (hydroxychloroquine). We found that inhibition of autophagy at the early stage, but not at late stage, potentiated chemosensitivity. This effect was seen only in those spheroids with high autophagy and active initiation at steady state. Inhibition of autophagy alone, at either early or late stage, did not cause cell death, showing that the inhibitors were non-toxic and that mesothelioma did not depend on autophagy at baseline, at least over 24 h. Using ATG13 puncta analysis, we found that autophagy initiation identified tumors that are more chemosensitive at baseline and after autophagy inhibition. Our results highlight a potential role of autophagy initiation in supporting mesothelioma cells during chemotherapy. Our work also highlights the importance of testing the inhibition of different stages in order to uncover the role of autophagy and the potential of its modulation in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Follo
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yao Cheng
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - William G Richards
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Virginia Courtney Broaddus
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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24
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Ye M, Wang S, Wan T, Jiang R, Qiu Y, Pei L, Pang N, Huang Y, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Yang L. Combined Inhibitions of Glycolysis and AKT/autophagy Can Overcome Resistance to EGFR-targeted Therapy of Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:3774-3784. [PMID: 29151965 PMCID: PMC5688931 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib, to treat human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with activating mutations in EGFR is not persistent due to drug resistance. Reprogramming in energy (especially glucose) metabolism plays an important role in development and progression of acquired resistance in cancer cells. We hypothesize that glucose metabolism in EGFR-TKI sensitive HCC827 cells and erlotinib-resistant sub-line of HCC827 (which we name it as erlotinib-resistant 6, ER6 cells in this study) is different and targeting glucose metabolism might be a treatment strategy for erlotinib-resistant NSCLCs. In this study, we found increased glucose uptakes, significant increase in glycolysis rate and overexpression of glucose transporter 1 in ER6 cells compared to its parental cells HCC827. We also found AKT and autophagy of ER6 cells were more activated than HCC827 cells after glucose starvation. Combining glucose deprivation and AKT or autophagy inhibitor could synergize and overcome the acquired resistance against EGFR-targeted therapy for NSCLCs. Our data suggest that the combinations of inhibitors of AKT or autophagy together with glucose deprivation could be novel treatment strategies for NSCLC with acquired resistance to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtong Ye
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- The First Women and Children's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Sufan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Nengzhi Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuanling Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay in the treatment of solid tumors and works by inducing free radical stress in tumor cells, leading to loss of reproductive integrity. The optimal treatment strategy has to consider damage to both tumor and normal cells and is determined by five factors known as the 5 R's of radiobiology: Reoxygenation, DNA repair, radiosensitivity, redistribution in the cell cycle and repopulation. The aim of this review is (i) to present evidence that these 5 R's are strongly influenced by cellular and whole-body metabolism that in turn can be modified through ketogenic therapy in form of ketogenic diets and short-term fasting and (ii) to stimulate new research into this field including some research questions deserving further study. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical and some preliminary clinical data support the hypothesis that ketogenic therapy could be utilized as a complementary treatment in order to improve the outcome after RT, both in terms of higher tumor control and in terms of lower normal tissue complication probability. The first effect relates to the metabolic shift from glycolysis toward mitochondrial metabolism that selectively increases ROS production and impairs ATP production in tumor cells. The second effect is based on the differential stress resistance phenomenon, which is achieved when glucose and growth factors are reduced and ketone bodies are elevated, reprogramming normal but not tumor cells from proliferation toward maintenance and stress resistance. Underlying both effects are metabolic differences between normal and tumor cells that ketogenic therapy seeks to exploit. Specifically, the recently discovered role of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate as an endogenous class-I histone deacetylase inhibitor suggests a dual role as a radioprotector of normal cells and a radiosensitzer of tumor cells that opens up exciting possibilities to employ ketogenic therapy as a cost-effective adjunct to radiotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer J Klement
- a Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology , Leopoldina Hospital , Schweinfurt , Germany
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26
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Doerstling SS, O'Flanagan CH, Hursting SD. Obesity and Cancer Metabolism: A Perspective on Interacting Tumor-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:216. [PMID: 28959684 PMCID: PMC5604081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of many types of cancers. Several obesity-related host factors involved in systemic metabolism can influence tumor initiation, progression, and/or response to therapy, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer incidence and outcomes. Such host factors include systemic metabolic regulators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, adipokines, inflammation-related molecules, and steroid hormones, as well as the cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment, particularly adipose tissue. These secreted and structural host factors are extrinsic to, and interact with, the intrinsic metabolic characteristics of cancer cells to influence their growth and spread. This review will focus on the interplay of these tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the context of energy balance, with the objective of identifying new intervention targets for preventing obesity-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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27
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Ndombera FT. Anti-cancer agents and reactive oxygen species modulators that target cancer cell metabolism. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTraditionally the perspective on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has centered on the role they play as carcinogenic or cancer-causing radicals. Over the years, characterization and functional studies have revealed the complexity of ROS as signaling molecules that regulate various physiological cellular responses or whose levels are altered in various diseases. Cancer cells often maintain high basal level of ROS and are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS levels beyond a certain protective threshold. Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells.
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28
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Sun P, Wang H, He Z, Chen X, Wu Q, Chen W, Sun Z, Weng M, Zhu M, Ma D, Miao C. Fasting inhibits colorectal cancer growth by reducing M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74649-74660. [PMID: 29088814 PMCID: PMC5650369 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction has been recognized as a healthy and natural therapy for cancer. It is reported that different forms of dietary restriction can promote anti-tumor immunity. However, it is not clear how fasting affects tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This study aims to investigate the relationship between fasting and antitumor immunity in terms of tumor-associated macrophages. In vivo, the results showed that alternate day fasting for 2 weeks inhibitted the tumor growth of mice without causing a reduction of body weight. Meanwhile, M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor tissues of alternate day fasting group was also decreased. In vitro, fasting induced the autophagy of CT26 cells, decreased the generation of extracellular adenosine by supressing the expression of CD73 in CT26 cells. Decreasing adenosine inhibitted M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells through inactivating JAK1/STAT3 signal pathway in fasting condition. Eventually, the proliferation of CT26 cancer cells declined on account of fasting-facilitated antitumor immunity. These results suggested that fasting suppressed M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages to inhibit tumor growth through decreasing the level of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment both in vivo and in vitro. This process was associated with increasing autophagy of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meilin Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Stryeck S, Birner-Gruenberger R, Madl T. Integrative metabolomics as emerging tool to study autophagy regulation. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2017; 4:240-258. [PMID: 28845422 PMCID: PMC5568430 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.08.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological developments in metabolomics research have enabled in-depth characterization of complex metabolite mixtures in a wide range of biological, biomedical, environmental, agricultural, and nutritional research fields. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are the two main platforms for performing metabolomics studies. Given their broad applicability and the systemic insight into metabolism that can be obtained it is not surprising that metabolomics becomes increasingly popular in basic biological research. In this review, we provide an overview on key metabolites, recent studies, and future opportunities for metabolomics in studying autophagy regulation. Metabolites play a pivotal role in autophagy regulation and are therefore key targets for autophagy research. Given the recent success of metabolomics, it can be expected that metabolomics approaches will contribute significantly to deciphering the complex regulatory mechanisms involved in autophagy in the near future and promote understanding of autophagy and autophagy-related diseases in living cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stryeck
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Research Unit for Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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30
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Schroll MM, LaBonia GJ, Ludwig KR, Hummon AB. Glucose Restriction Combined with Autophagy Inhibition and Chemotherapy in HCT 116 Spheroids Decreases Cell Clonogenicity and Viability Regulated by Tumor Suppressor Genes. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28650662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a prevalent phenomenon that decreases the efficacy of cancer treatments and contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. Weakening drug-resistant cancer cells prior to chemotherapy is a potential strategy to combat chemoresistance. One approach to damage resistant cancer cells is modulation of nutritional intake. The combination of nutrient restriction with targeted compound treatment results in pronounced molecular changes. This study provides valuable information about augmenting existing chemotherapeutic regimes with simultaneous glucose restriction and autophagy inhibition in colorectal cancer cells. In this study, we explore the chemical pathways that drive the cellular response to nutrient restriction, autophagy inhibition, and the chemotherapy irinotecan using global quantitative proteomics and imaging mass spectrometry. We determined that significant pathways were altered including autophagy and metabolism via glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and sucrose degradation. We also found that period circadian clock 2 (PER2), a tumor suppressor protein, was significantly up-regulated only when glucose was restricted with autophagy inhibition and chemotherapy. The upstream regulators of these differentially regulated pathways were determined to have implications in cancer, showing an increase in tumor suppressor proteins and a decrease in nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) an important protein in chemoresistance. We also evaluated the phenotypic response of these cells and discovered autophagy inhibition and chemotherapy treatment increased apoptosis and decreased cell clonogenicity and viability. When glucose restriction was combined with autophagy inhibition and chemotherapy, all of the phenotypic results were intensified. In sum, our results indicate that glucose metabolism is of great importance in the ability of cancer cells to survive chemotherapy. By weakening cancer cells with glucose restriction and autophagy inhibition prior to chemotherapy, cancer cells become more sensitive to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Schroll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Gabriel J LaBonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Katelyn R Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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31
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O'Flanagan CH, Smith LA, McDonell SB, Hursting SD. When less may be more: calorie restriction and response to cancer therapy. BMC Med 2017; 15:106. [PMID: 28539118 PMCID: PMC5442682 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan and has been shown to reduce age-related diseases including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases in experimental models. Recent translational studies have tested the potential of CR or CR mimetics as adjuvant therapies to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and novel immunotherapies. Chronic CR is challenging to employ in cancer patients, and therefore intermittent fasting, CR mimetic drugs, or alternative diets (such as a ketogenic diet), may be more suitable. Intermittent fasting has been shown to enhance treatment with both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CR and fasting elicit different responses in normal and cancer cells, and reduce certain side effects of cytotoxic therapy. Findings from preclinical studies of CR mimetic drugs and other dietary interventions, such as the ketogenic diet, are promising for improving the efficacy of anticancer therapies and reducing the side effects of cytotoxic treatments. Current and future clinical studies will inform on which cancers, and at which stage of the cancer process, CR, fasting, or CR mimetic regimens will prove most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara H O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Laura A Smith
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Shannon B McDonell
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA. .,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2100 Michael Hooker Research Center, Campus Box 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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32
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Ivanova H, Kerkhofs M, La Rovere RM, Bultynck G. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Fluxes Underlying Cancer Cell Survival. Front Oncol 2017; 7:70. [PMID: 28516062 PMCID: PMC5413502 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are crucial, ubiquitous, intracellular second messengers required for functional mitochondrial metabolism during uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. The mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are connected via “mitochondria-associated ER membranes” (MAMs) where ER–mitochondria Ca2+ transfer occurs, impacting the mitochondrial biology related to several aspects of cellular survival, autophagy, metabolism, cell death sensitivity, and metastasis, all cancer hallmarks. Cancer cells appear addicted to these constitutive ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes for their survival, since they drive the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the production of mitochondrial substrates needed for nucleoside synthesis and proper cell cycle progression. In addition to this, the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and mitochondrial Ca2+ have been linked to hypoxia-inducible factor 1α signaling, enabling metastasis and invasion processes, but they can also contribute to cellular senescence induced by oncogenes and replication. Finally, proper ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer seems to be a key event in the cell death response of cancer cells exposed to chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes underlying these cancer-related features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita M La Rovere
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Kimmelman AC, White E. Autophagy and Tumor Metabolism. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1037-1043. [PMID: 28467923 PMCID: PMC5604466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical cellular process that generally protects cells and organisms from stressors such as nutrient deprivation. In addition to its role in normal physiology, autophagy plays a role in pathological processes such as cancer. Indeed, there has been substantial work exploring the complex and context-dependent role of autophagy in cancer. One of the emerging themes is that in certain cancer types, autophagy is important to support tumor growth; therefore, inhibiting autophagy as a therapeutic approach is actively being tested in clinical trials. A key mechanism of how autophagy promotes the growth and survival of various cancers is its ability to support cellular metabolism. The diverse metabolic fuel sources that can be produced by autophagy provide tumors with metabolic plasticity and can allow them to thrive in what can be an austere microenvironment. Therefore, understanding how autophagy can fuel cellular metabolism will enable more effective combinatorial therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec C Kimmelman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Medical School, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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34
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Spira A, Yurgelun MB, Alexandrov L, Rao A, Bejar R, Polyak K, Giannakis M, Shilatifard A, Finn OJ, Dhodapkar M, Kay NE, Braggio E, Vilar E, Mazzilli SA, Rebbeck TR, Garber JE, Velculescu VE, Disis ML, Wallace DC, Lippman SM. Precancer Atlas to Drive Precision Prevention Trials. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1510-1541. [PMID: 28373404 PMCID: PMC6681830 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process driven by inherited and acquired molecular and cellular alterations. Prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination, but making this a reality will take a fundamental rethinking and deep understanding of premalignant biology. In this Perspective, we propose a national concerted effort to create a Precancer Atlas (PCA), integrating multi-omics and immunity - basic tenets of the neoplastic process. The biology of neoplasia caused by germline mutations has led to paradigm-changing precision prevention efforts, including: tumor testing for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in Lynch syndrome establishing a new paradigm, combinatorial chemoprevention efficacy in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), signal of benefit from imaging-based early detection research in high-germline risk for pancreatic neoplasia, elucidating early ontogeny in BRCA1-mutation carriers leading to an international breast cancer prevention trial, and insights into the intricate germline-somatic-immunity interaction landscape. Emerging genetic and pharmacologic (metformin) disruption of mitochondrial (mt) respiration increased autophagy to prevent cancer in a Li-Fraumeni mouse model (biology reproduced in clinical pilot) and revealed profound influences of subtle changes in mt DNA background variation on obesity, aging, and cancer risk. The elaborate communication between the immune system and neoplasia includes an increasingly complex cellular microenvironment and dynamic interactions between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbes in shaping the immune response. Cancer vaccines are in early murine and clinical precancer studies, building on the recent successes of immunotherapy and HPV vaccine immune prevention. Molecular monitoring in Barrett's esophagus to avoid overdiagnosis/treatment highlights an important PCA theme. Next generation sequencing (NGS) discovered age-related clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Ultra-deep NGS reports over the past year have redefined the premalignant landscape remarkably identifying tiny clones in the blood of up to 95% of women in their 50s, suggesting that potentially premalignant clones are ubiquitous. Similar data from eyelid skin and peritoneal and uterine lavage fluid provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the earliest phases of stem/progenitor clonal (and microenvironment) evolution/diversity with new single-cell and liquid biopsy technologies. Cancer mutational signatures reflect exogenous or endogenous processes imprinted over time in precursors. Accelerating the prevention of cancer will require a large-scale, longitudinal effort, leveraging diverse disciplines (from genetics, biochemistry, and immunology to mathematics, computational biology, and engineering), initiatives, technologies, and models in developing an integrated multi-omics and immunity PCA - an immense national resource to interrogate, target, and intercept events that drive oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1510-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ludmil Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neil E Kay
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary L Disis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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35
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Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy hereafter) is a process that collects cytoplasmic components, particularly mitochondria, and degrades them in lysosomes. In mammalian systems, basal autophagy levels are normally low but are profoundly stimulated by starvation and essential for survival. Cancer cells up-regulate autophagy and can be more autophagy-dependent than most normal tissues. Genetic deficiency in essential autophagy genes in tumors in many autochthonous mouse models for cancer reduces tumor growth. In K-rasG12D-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other models, autophagy sustains metabolism and survival. The mechanism by which autophagy promotes tumorigenesis varies in different contexts, but evidence points to a critical role for autophagy in sustaining metabolism, thereby preventing p53 activation, energy crisis, growth arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and activation of the immune response. Autophagy in NSCLC preserves mitochondrial quality and regulates their abundance. By degrading macromolecules in lysosomes, autophagy provides mitochondria with substrates to prevent energy crisis and fatal nucleotide pool depletion in starvation. We review here how autophagy supports mammalian survival and how cancer cells usurp this survival mechanism to maintain mitochondrial metabolism for their own benefit. Insights from these studies provide the rationale and approach to target the autophagy survival pathway for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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