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Henry MB, Mozer M, Rogich JJ, Farrell K, Sachs JW, Selzer J, Chikani V, Bradley G, Comp G. Haboob Dust Storms and Motor Vehicle Collision-related Trauma in Phoenix, Arizona. West J Emerg Med 2023; 24:798-804. [PMID: 37527375 PMCID: PMC10393452 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.59381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sonoran Desert region, encompassing most of southern Arizona, has an extreme climate that is famous for dust storms known as haboobs. These storms lead to decreased visibility and potentially hazardous driving conditions. In this study we evaluate the relationship between haboob events and emergency department (ED) visits due to motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) in Phoenix, Arizona. METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis of MVC-related trauma presentations to Phoenix, AZ, hospitals before and following haboob dust storms. These events were identified from 2009-2017 primarily using Phoenix International Airport weather data. De-identified trauma data were obtained from the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) Arizona State Trauma Registry (ASTR) from seven trauma centers within a 10-mile radius of the airport. We compared MVC-related trauma using six- and 24-hour windows before and following the onset of haboob events. RESULTS There were 31,133 MVC-related trauma encounters included from 2009-2017 and 111 haboob events meeting meteorological criteria during that period. There was a 17% decrease in MVC-related ED encounters in the six hours following haboob onset compared to before onset (235 vs 283, P = 0.04), with proportionally more injuries among males (P < 0.001) and higher mortality (P = 0.02). There was no difference in frequency of presentations (P = 0.82), demographics, or outcomes among the 24-hour pre-and post-haboob groups. CONCLUSION Haboob dust storms in Phoenix, Arizona, are associated with a decrease in MVC-related injuries during the six-hour period following storm onset, likely indicating the success of public safety messaging efforts. Males made up a higher proportion of those injured during the storms, suggesting a target for future interventions. Future public-targeted weather-safety initiatives should be accompanied more closely by monitoring and evaluation efforts to assess for effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Henry
- Valleywise Health Medical Center, Creighton University Arizona Health Education Alliance, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael Mozer
- Valleywise Health Medical Center, Creighton University Arizona Health Education Alliance, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jerome J Rogich
- Valleywise Health Medical Center, Creighton University Arizona Health Education Alliance, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
- Stanford School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kyle Farrell
- Creighton University School of Medicine - Phoenix Campus, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jonathan W Sachs
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jordan Selzer
- Valleywise Health Medical Center, Creighton University Arizona Health Education Alliance, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington, D.C
| | - Vatsal Chikani
- Bureau of EMS and Trauma System, Arizona Department of Health Services, Tuscon, Arizona
| | - Gail Bradley
- Bureau of EMS and Trauma System, Arizona Department of Health Services, Tuscon, Arizona
| | - Geoff Comp
- Valleywise Health Medical Center, Creighton University Arizona Health Education Alliance, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
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Ngaruiya C, Bernstein R, Leff R, Wallace L, Agrawal P, Selvam A, Hersey D, Hayward A. Systematic review on chronic non-communicable disease in disaster settings. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1234. [PMID: 35729507 PMCID: PMC9210736 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute the leading cause of mortality globally. Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) not only experience the largest burden of humanitarian emergencies but are also disproportionately affected by NCDs, yet primary focus on the topic is lagging. We conducted a systematic review on the effect of humanitarian disasters on NCDs in LMICs assessing epidemiology, interventions, and treatment. METHODS A systematic search in MEDLINE, MEDLINE (PubMed, for in-process and non-indexed citations), Social Science Citation Index, and Global Health (EBSCO) for indexed articles published before December 11, 2017 was conducted, and publications reporting on NCDs and humanitarian emergencies in LMICs were included. We extracted and synthesized results using a thematic analysis approach and present the results by disease type. The study is registered at PROSPERO (CRD42018088769). RESULTS Of the 85 included publications, most reported on observational research studies and almost half (48.9%) reported on studies in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), with scant studies reporting on the African and Americas regions. NCDs represented a significant burden for populations affected by humanitarian crises in our findings, despite a dearth of data from particular regions and disease categories. The majority of studies included in our review presented epidemiologic evidence for the burden of disease, while few studies addressed clinical management or intervention delivery. Commonly cited barriers to healthcare access in all phases of disaster and major disease diagnoses studied included: low levels of education, financial difficulties, displacement, illiteracy, lack of access to medications, affordability of treatment and monitoring devices, and centralized healthcare infrastructure for NCDs. Screening and prevention for NCDs in disaster-prone settings was supported. Refugee status was independently identified both as a risk factor for diagnosis with an NCD and conferring worse morbidity. CONCLUSIONS An increased focus on the effects of, and mitigating factors for, NCDs occurring in disaster-afflicted LMICs is needed. While the majority of studies included in our review presented epidemiologic evidence for the burden of disease, research is needed to address contributing factors, interventions, and means of managing disease during humanitarian emergencies in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ngaruiya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, 464 Congress Avenue, Suite #260, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - Robyn Bernstein
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca Leff
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, 464 Congress Avenue, Suite #260, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lydia Wallace
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, 464 Congress Avenue, Suite #260, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Pooja Agrawal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, 464 Congress Avenue, Suite #260, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Anand Selvam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, 464 Congress Avenue, Suite #260, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Denise Hersey
- Director, Dana Medical Library, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- Division of Global Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
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Sadeghimoghaddam A, Khankeh H, Norozi M, Fateh S, Farrokhi M. Effects of dust events and meteorological elements on stroke morbidity in northern Khuzestan, Iran. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:406. [PMID: 35071612 PMCID: PMC8719573 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1686_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the prevalence of dust events has increased in the region and the world. According to the Meteorological Organization, the most frequent days with dust events are on stations located in Khuzestan province. Objective: Assessment of the effects of dust events and meteorological elements on stroke morbidity in health in Iran: a health promotion approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was a retrospective cohort study 2020 and 2013 provided between based on ecological data-based on population. Information about patients with stroke was obtained from the hospital. Information on the dust events and meteorological elements was also from the data center of the Meteorological Organization of Iran. Using STATA the correlation between the diseases and the, 14 statistical software version occurrence of dust events and changes in meteorological elements was obtained and the statistical model (Spearman correlation coefficient) individually estigate the equation was used inv modified by Poisson regression simultaneous effect of variables. RESULTS the results of adjusted statistical models show that increasing the severity of dust event increases the risk of stroke in males (lag 0-21 confidence interval [CI] 95% = 1.496-1.0067 relative risk [RR] = 1.03 P = 0.01). Increasing the average wind speed also increases the risk of stroke in males (lag 0-3 CI 95% = 1.0491-0.9996 RR = 1.02 P = 0.05). Increased rainfall and average relative humidity increase the risk of stroke in people under 60 years (lag 0-7 CI 95% = 1.0012-0.9058 RR = 1.95 P = 0.05). Increasing the average daily temperature reduces the risk of stroke in males (lag 0-3 CI 95% = 0.9874-0.9254 RR = 0.51 P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Increasing the intensity of dust storms along with meteorological elements has increased the risk of stroke. However, increasing the average temperature has had a protective effect on the risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sadeghimoghaddam
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khankeh
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Norozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Fateh
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Farrokhi
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aghababaeian H, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Ardalan A, Asgary A, Akbary M, Yekaninejad MS, Sharafkhani R, Stephens C. Effect of Dust Storms on Non-Accidental, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Mortality: A Case of Dezful City in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2021; 15:11786302211060152. [PMID: 34819734 PMCID: PMC8606970 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that Iran has been exposed to severe dust storms during the past 2 decades, few studies have investigated the health effects of these events in Iran. This study was conducted to assess the association between dust storms and daily non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Dezful City (Khuzestan Province, Iran) during 2014 to 2019. METHODS In this study, mortality, meteorological, and climatological data were obtained from the Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Iranian Meteorological Organization, and Department of Environment in Khuzestan Province, respectively. Days of dust storm were identified based on the daily concentration threshold of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) according to Hoffmanns҆ definition, and then an ecological time-series was used to estimate the short-term effects of dust storms on daily mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using a distributed lag linear model (DLM) and a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) packages by R software and the study results were reported as excess mortality. RESULTS During the study period, 15 223 deaths were recorded, and 139 dust storms occurred in Dezful city. In addition, there was statistically significant excess risk of mortality due to dust storms in Dezful City (mortality in the group under 15 years of age, lag4: 34.17% and 15-64 years of age groups, lag5: 32.19%, lag6: 3.28%), also dust storms had statistically significant effects on respiratory mortality (lag6: 5.49%). CONCLUSION The findings of the current study indicate that dust storms increase the risk of mortality with some lags. An evidence-based early warning system may be able to aware the people of the health effects of dust storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aghababaeian
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing and Emergency, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asgary
- Disaster and Emergency Management, School of Administrative Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mehry Akbary
- Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Sharafkhani
- School of Public Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Carolyn Stephens
- UCL Institute of Health Equity, London, UK
- UK Faculty of Public Health Medicine, London, UK
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Davies-Barrett AM, Roberts CA, Antoine D. Time to be nosy: Evaluating the impact of environmental and sociocultural changes on maxillary sinusitis in the Middle Nile Valley (Neolithic to Medieval periods). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 34:182-196. [PMID: 34303286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of maxillary sinusitis in people who lived in the Middle Nile Valley across different periods, cultures, and environmental conditions. MATERIALS 481 skeletons from 13 sites, curated at the British Museum, London, were analysed. The sites ranged in date from the Neolithic to Medieval periods (c. 4900 BCE-CE 1500). METHODS Bony changes within the maxillary sinuses, associated with sinusitis and oroantral fistulae were systematically recorded according to pre-established criteria. RESULTS There were significant differences in the prevalence of maxillary sinusitis between time period/subsistence economy groups. The Neolithic hunter-gatherer/early agricultural group had the lowest prevalence, whilst the urban group demonstrated the highest frequency of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Factors involved in the development of maxillary sinusitis are manifold and complex. However, the results indicate that increased aridity in Sudan in later periods and intensification of agricultural practices may have played a role in increasing prevalence of the disease. Urban environments, including crowding, poor sanitation, and industrial air pollution, could also have influenced susceptibility to maxillary sinusitis. SIGNIFICANCE Prior to this paper, the impact of arid environments on respiratory health in the past had received little attention despite growing clinical research on the topic. Both arid and urban environments are predicted to expand in the future. This paper provides a deep-time perspective on an issue of increasing concern today. LIMITATIONS Poor preservation of skeletons and a lack of archaeological settlement data for some sites. FUTURE RESEARCH Investigation of a greater range of populations from different environments/climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Davies-Barrett
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK; Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Egypt and Sudan, The British Museum, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London, WC1B 3DG, UK.
| | - Charlotte A Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Daniel Antoine
- Department of Egypt and Sudan, The British Museum, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London, WC1B 3DG, UK
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Davies-Barrett AM, Owens LS, Eeckhout PA. Paleopathology of the Ychsma: Evidence of respiratory disease during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1476) at the Central Coastal site of Pachacamac, Peru. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 34:63-75. [PMID: 34153817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate evidence for maxillary sinusitis and pulmonary inflammation in archaeological skeletons dating to the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1476) at the site of Pachacamac, Peru. MATERIALS Thirty-nine individuals (male, female, and unknown sex; 16+ years age-at-death) were analyzed for inflammatory periosteal reaction (IPR) on the visceral (inner) surfaces of the ribs, and 16 individuals were analyzed for evidence of maxillary sinusitis. METHODS All individuals were macroscopically examined for bony changes in the maxillary sinuses and new bone formation on the ribs according to pre-established criteria. RESULTS Some 33.3% (13/39) of individuals had IPR on the ribs and 93.8% (15/16) had bony changes in the maxillary sinuses. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory disease was likely prevalent in people buried at Pachacamac during the Late Intermediate Period. A number of factors may have increased the risk of developing respiratory disease, including exposure to poor air quality and increased crowding and social mixing, resulting from pilgrimage to this important ritual center. SIGNIFICANCE This paper represents one of the first systematic analyses of evidence for respiratory disease in Peruvian and South American human skeletal remains, demonstrating the suitability of the region for further study. LIMITATIONS A limited sample was available for analysis. Additionally, the site's skeletal preservation was excellent, meaning the sample available for assessment of maxillary sinusitis was smaller, being limited to individuals with post-mortem breakage. FURTHER RESEARCH The results of this study should stimulate further much needed systematic investigation of evidence for respiratory disease in other Peruvian and South American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Davies-Barrett
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, United Kingdom.
| | - Lawrence S Owens
- University of Winchester. Sparkford Road, Winchester, SO22 4NR, United Kingdom; University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuk, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Peter A Eeckhout
- Faculté de Philosophie et Sciences Sociales CP133/01, Université libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Aghababaeian H, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Ardalan A, Asgary A, Akbary M, Yekaninejad MS, Stephens C. Global Health Impacts of Dust Storms: A Systematic Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2021; 15:11786302211018390. [PMID: 34103932 PMCID: PMC8150667 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211018390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dust storms and their impacts on health are becoming a major public health issue. The current study examines the health impacts of dust storms around the world to provide an overview of this issue. METHOD In this systematic review, 140 relevant and authoritative English articles on the impacts of dust storms on health (up to September 2019) were identified and extracted from 28 968 articles using valid keywords from various databases (PubMed, WOS, EMBASE, and Scopus) and multiple screening steps. Selected papers were then qualitatively examined and evaluated. Evaluation results were summarized using an Extraction Table. RESULTS The results of the study are divided into two parts: short and long-term impacts of dust storms. Short-term impacts include mortality, visitation, emergency medical dispatch, hospitalization, increased symptoms, and decreased pulmonary function. Long-term impacts include pregnancy, cognitive difficulties, and birth problems. Additionally, this study shows that dust storms have devastating impacts on health, affecting cardiovascular and respiratory health in particular. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show that dust storms have significant public health impacts. More attention should be paid to these natural hazards to prepare for, respond to, and mitigate these hazardous events to reduce their negative health impacts.Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42018093325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aghababaeian
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing and Emergency, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asgary
- Disaster and Emergency Management, School of Administrative Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mehry Akbary
- Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carolyn Stephens
- UCL Bartlett Development Planning Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Atmospheric Dynamics and Numerical Simulations of Six Frontal Dust Storms in the Middle East Region. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes six frontal dust storms in the Middle East during the cold period (October–March), aiming to examine the atmospheric circulation patterns and force dynamics that triggered the fronts and the associated (pre- or post-frontal) dust storms. Cold troughs mostly located over Turkey, Syria and north Iraq played a major role in the front propagation at the surface, while cyclonic conditions and strong winds facilitated the dust storms. The presence of an upper-atmosphere (300 hPa) sub-tropical jet stream traversing from Egypt to Iran constitutes also a dynamic force accompanying the frontal dust storms. Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) observations are used to monitor the spatial and vertical extent of the dust storms, while model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS), Regional Climate Model-4 (RegCM4)) simulations are also analyzed. The WRF-Chem outputs were in better agreement with the MODIS observations compared to those of CAMS and RegCM4. The fronts were identified by WRF-Chem simulations via gradients in the potential temperature and sudden changes of wind direction in vertical cross-sections. Overall, the uncertainties in the simulations and the remarkable differences between the model outputs indicate that modelling of dust storms in the Middle East is really challenging due to the complex terrain, incorrect representation of the dust sources and soil/surface characteristics, and uncertainties in simulating the wind speed/direction and meteorological dynamics. Given the potential threat by dust storms, more attention should be directed to the dust model development in this region.
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Sarizadeh G, Jaafarzadeh N, Roozbehani MM, Tahmasebi Y, Moattar F. Relationship between the number of hospitalized cardiovascular and respiratory disease and the average concentration of criteria air pollutants (CAP) in Ahvaz. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3317-3331. [PMID: 32367271 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between the number of hospitalized cardiovascular and respiratory patients and the average concentration of criteria air pollutants, including NO2, SO2, CO, O3 and PM10 in Ahvaz in the period of 10 years (2007-2017). Data on referrals and the number of hospitalized cardiovascular and respiratory patients and also on air pollutants are obtained through Hospital Information System and air quality monitoring stations including Department of Environment Protection Station, Naderi Square Station, University Square Station and the Meteorological Organization Station. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 4 and Poisson distribution regression model to evaluate the effects of each pollutant and the rate of hospitalization. In this study, confidence interval and the significance level are considered at 95% and 5%, respectively. Changes in air pollution indices and number of patients with cardiovascular diseases were evaluated using Excel, Stata and ARIMA models. Based on the results of Poisson regression analysis, there was a significant relationship between the average concentration of NO2, O3, CO and SO2 and hospitalization of patients with cardiovascular disease, with a confidence level of less than 5%. This was the case with NO2 more than other pollutants. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the average concentrations of NO2, CO and O3 and the hospitalization rate of patients with respiratory problems and a confidence level of 5%. The effect of NO2 was also higher here. Due to the results, NO2, CO, and O3 had a significant direct correlation with cardiovascular and respiratory rates. The effect of NO2 has been higher than other pollutants. In the study of time intervals of patients with cardiovascular, the results of time-interval analysis indicate the relationship between cardiovascular clients with the "t" time of 7 days earlier and NO2 as a pollutant. The results of this analysis also revealed the relationship between respiratory patients at the time "t" up to 7 days before and O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Sarizadeh
- Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Neemat Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Yaser Tahmasebi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Faramarz Moattar
- Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Yarahmadi M, Hashemi SJ, Sepahvand A, Shahsavani A, Dai Ghazvini R, Rezaie S, Ansari S, Hadei M, Shoar MG, Bakhshi H, Kamarei B, Ahmadikia K. Evaluation of phenotypes and genotypes of airborne Fungi during middle eastern dust storms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:11-20. [PMID: 32399217 PMCID: PMC7203330 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial species such as bacteria and fungi can be transported by dust storms over long distances, and may change the mycobiota in downwind. This study aimed to evaluate phenotypes and genotypes of airborne fungi during the Middle Eastern dust (MED) events and normal days in Khorramabad, Iran. The samples were collected regularly every six days at three locations during April 2018-March 2019, with additional samplings during MED days. For phenotypic analyses, the Petri dishes were incubated at 25 °C for 72-120 h. Molecular identification of fungi was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The average (±SD) of total fungal concentration was 460.9 (±493.2) CFU/m3. The fungi with the highest average concentrations included Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium brevicompactum, and Cladosporium iridis, respectively. The average concentration of fungi during dust days (967.65 CFU/m3) was 3.6 times higher than those in normal days (267.10 CFU/m3). During normal and dust days, 61 and 45 species were detected, respectively. Aspergillus and Cladosporium spp. were relatively more dominant during normal and dust days, respectively. Eight fungal species were only observed during MED days, including Talaromyces albobiverticillius that was detected for the first time in Iran. Despite air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were associated to the fungal concentrations. Dust events lead to the changes in the air pollutants composition and mycobiota, identification of new fungi, and elevated fungal concentrations that may extremely affect the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yarahmadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Sepahvand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Dai Ghazvini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sassan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hadei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gerami Shoar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kamarei
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kazem Ahmadikia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Mousavi A, Ardalan A, Takian A, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Naddafi K, Bavani AM. Climate change and health in Iran: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:367-378. [PMID: 32399247 PMCID: PMC7203306 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of climate change are highly impeding the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) anywhere, especially in low and middle-income countries. While climate change scales up, its health-related risks increase, which in turn leads to cause new challenges for public health. As a second largest country of the Eastern Mediterranean Region of World Health Organization, Iran is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. PURPOSE This study seeks the notion of health risks and challenges of climate change in Iran and provide potential evidence-based remedies to prevent and diminish such destructive effects. METHODS A comprehensive literature in various computerized databases was conducted, and numerous published original research and review articles about climate change status and evidences of adverse health consequences of climate change in Iran were reviewed. RESULTS The evidence suggests that the expected health challenges related to climate change in Iran are: rising temperatures; frequent extreme weather events; reduction of air quality; food-borne, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases; mental health and well-being consequences; and the increasing trend of natural disasters and deaths associated with climatological hazards. CONCLUSIONS By considering the growing burden of diseases associated with climate variability in Iran as well as the interdisciplinary nature of climate change and health issues, an integrated, multi-sectoral, and comprehensive approach for identification, prioritization, and implementation of adaptation options is required by Ministry of Health and Medical Education as a custodian of public health in order to enhance the resiliency and adaption against adverse health effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Mousavi
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Takian
- Department of Global Health & Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department Management and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Massah Bavani
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Abureyhan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Aghababaeian H, Dastoorpoor M, Ghasemi A, Kiarsi M, Khanjani N, Araghi Ahvazi L. Cardiovascular and respiratory emergency dispatch due to short-term exposure to ambient PM10 in Dezful, Iran. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2019; 11:264-271. [PMID: 31824607 PMCID: PMC6891034 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2019.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the relation between exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) caused by dust storms and the risk of cardiovascular, respiratory and traffic accident missions carried out by Emergency Medical Services (EMS).
Methods: This was a time-series study conducted in Dezful city, Iran. Daily information on the number of missions by the EMS due to cardiovascular, respiratory and crash problems and data on PM10 were inquired from March 2013 until March 2016. A generalized linear model (GLM) with distributed lag models (DLMs) was used to evaluate the relation between the number of EMS missions and the average daily PM10. The latent effects of PM10 were estimated in single and cumulative lags, up to 14 days.
Results: In the adjusted model, for each IQR increase in the average daily PM10 concentration, the risk of EMS missions in the total population in single lags of 2 to 7 days, and the cumulative lags of 0-7 and 0-14 days after exposure had a 0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 6.7 and 1.4% significant increase. Also, for each IQR increase in the daily mean concentration of PM10 in single 1 to 7, and cumulative lags of 0-2, 0-7, and 0-14 days after exposure, respectively, a 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 2.7, 2.5, 7.4, 23.5 and 33. 3 % increase was observed in the risk of EMS cardiovascular missions.
Conclusion: Increase in daily PM10 concentrations in Dezful is associated with an increase in the risk of EMS missions in lags up to two weeks after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aghababaeian
- Nursing and Emergency Department, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.,Department of Health in Emergencies and Disaster, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Ghasemi
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Kiarsi
- Nursing and Emergency Department, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ladan Araghi Ahvazi
- Nursing and Emergency Department, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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13
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Allahbakhshi K, Khorasani-Zavareh D, Jazani RK, Ghomian Z. Preparedness components of health systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region for effective responses to dust and sand storms: a systematic review. F1000Res 2019; 8:146. [PMID: 30984383 PMCID: PMC6436192 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17543.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dust and Sand Storm (DSS), according to estimates by global reports, will increase dramatically in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Numerous health problems caused by DSS will be severely affected regions and vulnerable groups. This study aimed to identify the components of the preparedness of health systems for the DSS phenomenon in EMR. Methods: In this systematic review, the peer-reviewed papers in four electronic databases, including Medline through PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane library, as well as available grey literature, were searched and selected. The research process was carried out by including papers whose results were related to the potential health effects caused by desert dusts in EMR. Was used the combination of three groups of keywords: the exposure factor, health effects as outcomes, and the countries located in EMR. The focus was on the PRISMA checklist, with no time limitations until December 2017. Finally, through 520 related citations, 30 articles were included. Descriptive and thematic content analyses were evaluated. Results: The preparedness components were divided into three and ten main categories and subcategories, respectively. The three categories covered the areas of DSS hazard identification, planning and policy-making, and risk assessment. Conclusions: Recognition of the health system preparedness factors for DSS in EMR will help policy-makers and managers perform appropriate measures when dealing with this hazard. More studies should be conducted to understand these factors in other parts of the world. Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42018093325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoumars Allahbakhshi
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Sciences and Education Department, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khani Jazani
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghomian
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Effects of Dust Storms and Climatological Factors on Mortality and Morbidity of Cardiovascular Diseases Admitted to ED. Emerg Med Int 2018; 2018:3758506. [PMID: 30057816 PMCID: PMC6051083 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3758506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to investigate the effects of Desert Dust Storms and Climatological Factors on Mortality and Morbidity of Cardiovascular Diseases admitted to emergency department in Gaziantep. Method Hospital records, obtained between September 01, 2009 and January 31, 2014, from four state hospitals in Gaziantep, Turkey, were compared to meteorological and climatological data. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) for windows version 24.0. Results 168,467 patients were included in this study. 83% of the patients had chest pain and 17% of patients had cardiac failure (CF). An increase in inpatient hospitalization due to CF was observed and corresponded to the duration of dust storms measured by number of days. However, there was no significant increase in emergency department (ED) presentations. There was no significant association of cardiac related mortality and coinciding presence of a dust storm or higher recorded temperature. The association of increases in temperature levels and the presence of dust storms with “acute coronary syndrome- (ACS-) related emergency service presentations, inpatient hospitalization, and mortality” were statistically significant. The relationship between the increase in PM10 levels due to causes unrelated to dust storms and the outpatient application, admission, and mortality due to heart failure was not significant. The increase in particle matter 10 (PM) levels due to causes outside the dust storm caused a significant increase in outpatient application, hospitalization, and mortality originated from ACS. Conclusion Increased number of dust storms resulted in a higher prevalence of mortality due to ACS while mortality due to heart failure remained unchanged. Admission, hospitalization, and mortality due to chest pain both dependent and independent of ACS were increased by the presence of dust storms, PM10 elevation, and maximum temperature.
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15
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Rabiei K, Hosseini SM, Sadeghi E, Jafari-Koshki T, Rahimi M, Shishehforoush M, Lahijanzadeh A, Sadeghian B, Moazam E, Mohebi MB, Ezatian V, Sarrafzadegan N. Air pollution and cardiovascular and respiratory disease: Rationale and methodology of CAPACITY study. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2017; 13:264-273. [PMID: 29643921 PMCID: PMC5889917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the high level of air pollution and its impact on health, we aimed to study the correlation of air pollution with hospitalization and mortality of cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory diseases (ResD) (CAPACITY) to determine the effects of air pollutants on CVD and ResD hospitalizations and deaths in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS Hourly levels of air pollutants including particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3), information of CVD and ResD admissions and death certificate were obtained respectively from Department of Environment (DOE), Iran, hospitals and cemetery. Time series and case-crossover model were used to find the impact of air pollutants. This paper only summarizes the descriptive findings of the CAPACITY study. RESULTS The total number of hospitalized patients were 23781 in 2010 and 22485 in 2011. The most frequent cause of hospitalization and death was ischemic heart diseases in both years. While the mean annual levels of O3, CO, and PM10 were lower in 2011 than in 2010, NO2 and SO2 levels higher in 2011. In both years, PM10 was similarly increased during last month of fall, late spring and early summer. In 2011, the PM2.5 and PM10 monthly trend of change were similar. CONCLUSION The CAPACITY study is one of the few large-scale studies that evaluated the effects of air pollutants on a variety of CVD and ResD in a large city of Iran. This study can provide many findings that could clarify the effects of these pollutants on the incidence and burden of both disease groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Rabiei
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Tohid Jafari-Koshki
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center AND Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rahimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Babak Sadeghian
- Central Laboratory and Air Pollution Monitoring, Isfahan Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Isfahan Department of Environment, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Moazam
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Khaniabadi YO, Fanelli R, De Marco A, Daryanoosh SM, Kloog I, Hopke PK, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Mohammadi MJ, Babaei AA, Basiri H, Goudarzi G. Hospital admissions in Iran for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to the Middle Eastern Dust storms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16860-16868. [PMID: 28573562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of airborne particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10) from the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) events on human health in Khorramabad (Iran) in terms of estimated hospital admissions (morbidity) for cardiovascular diseases (HACD) and for respiratory diseases (HARD) during the period of 2015 to 2016. The AirQ program developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to estimate the potential health impacts to daily PM10 exposures. The numbers of excess cases for cardiovascular/respiratory morbidity were 20/51, 72/185, and 20/53 on normal, dusty, and MED event days, respectively. The highest number of hospital admissions was estimated for PM10 concentrations in the range of 40 to 49 μg/m3, i.e, lower than the daily (50 μg/m3) limit value established by WHO. The results also showed that 4.7% (95% CI 3.2-6.7%) and 4.2% (95% CI 2.6-5.8%) of HARD and HACD, respectively, were attributed to PM10 concentrations above 10 μg/m3. The study demonstrates a significant impact of air pollution on people, which is manifested primarily as respiratory and cardiovascular problems. To reduce these effects, several immediate actions should be taken by the local authorities to control the impacts of dust storms on residents' health, e.g., developing a green beltway along the Iran-Iraq border and management of water such as irrigation of dry areas that would be effective as mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Health Care System of Karoon, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roberto Fanelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Department of Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability, ENEA, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Landmark Center Room 415, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Basiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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17
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Abtahi M, Koolivand A, Dobaradaran S, Yaghmaeian K, Mohseni-Bandpei A, Khaloo SS, Jorfi S, Saeedi R. National and sub-national age-sex specific and cause-specific mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to household air pollution from solid cookfuel use (HAP) in Iran, 1990-2013. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:87-96. [PMID: 28340488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
National and sub-national mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for household air pollution from solid cookfuel use (HAP) in Iran, 1990-2013 were estimated based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013). The burden of disease attributable to HAP was quantified by the comparative risk assessment method using four inputs: (1) exposure to HAP, (2) the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), (3) exposure-response relationships of related causes (4) disease burden of related causes. All across the country, solid fuel use decreased from 5.26% in 1990 to 0.15% in 2013. The drastic reduction of solid fuel use leaded to DALYs attributable to HAP fell by 97.8% (95% uncertainty interval 97.7-98.0%) from 87,433 (51072-144303) in 1990 to 1889 (1016-3247) in 2013. Proportion of YLLs in DALYs from HAP decreased from 95.7% in 1990 to 86.6% in 2013. Contribution of causes in the attributable DALYs was variable during the study period and in 2013 was in the following order: ischemic heart disease for 43.4%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for 24.7%, hemorrhagic stroke for 9.7%, lower respiratory infections for 9.3%, ischemic stroke for 7.8%, lung cancer for 3.4% and cataract for 1.8%. Based on the Gini coefficient, the spatial inequality of the disease burden from HAP increased during the study period. The remained burden of disease was relatively scarce and it mainly occurred in seven southern provinces. Further reduction of the disease burden from HAP as well as compensation of the increasing spatial inequality in Iran could be attained through an especial plan for providing cleaner fuels in the southern provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Abtahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Koolivand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health, Oil, Gas and Energy Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoushiravan Mohseni-Bandpei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Sadat Khaloo
- School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 16858-116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ma Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Yang S, Zheng X, Wang S. Short-term effects of air pollution on daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in western China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14071-14079. [PMID: 28409432 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the confounding factors on cardiovascular diseases, such as long-time trend, calendar effect, and meteorological factors, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate the short-term effects of air pollutants (PM10, SO2, and NO2) on daily cardiovascular admissions from March 1st to May 31st during 2007 to 2011 in Lanzhou, a heavily polluted city in western China. The influences of air pollutants were examined with different lag structures, and the potential effect modification by dust storm in spring was also investigated. Significant associations were found between air pollutants and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases both on dust event days and non-dust event days in spring. Air pollutants had lag effects on different age and gender groups. Relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase were 1.14 (1.04~1.26) on lag1 for PM10, 1.31 (1.21~1.51) on lag01 for SO2, and 1.96 (1.49~2.57) on lag02 for NO2 on dust days. Stronger effects of air pollutants were observed for females and the elderly (≥60 years). Our analysis concluded that the effects of air pollutants on cardiovascular admissions on dust days were significantly stronger than non-dust days. The current study strengthens the evidence of effects of air pollution on health and dust-exacerbated cardiovascular admissions in Lanzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- College of Atmospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianding Zhou
- College of Atmospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sixu Yang
- College of Atmospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Atmospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shigong Wang
- Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
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19
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Menéndez I, Derbyshire E, Carrillo T, Caballero E, Engelbrecht JP, Romero LE, Mayer PL, Rodríguez de Castro F, Mangas J. Saharan dust and the impact on adult and elderly allergic patients: the effect of threshold values in the northern sector of Gran Canaria, Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:144-160. [PMID: 28245676 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2017.1292496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gran Canaria Island is frequently impacted by Saharan dust, a health hazard of particular concern to the island population and health agencies. Airborne mineral dust has the severest impact on the higher age groups of the population, and those with respiratory conditions; despite that, on average, the ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations fall within international PM guidelines. During 2010 and 2011, an epidemiological survey, in parallel with an air quality study, was conducted at the Dr Negrín hospital in Gran Canaria. This included the quarterly monitoring of outpatients and recording of emergency patients with respiratory diseases, together with the measurement of aerosol, meteorological, and PM-related air quality levels. The finer more toxic particles were collected with PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) aerosol samplers. The filter samples were gravimetrically and chemically analyzed for their elemental, water-soluble ions, carbon, and mineralogical contents. Individual particle morphology was measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Statistical analysis of the chemical and clinical data included the analysis of variance and calculation of Spearman correlation coefficients. No statistically significant relations were found between the allergic control group, the emergency room admissions, pulmonary conditions, medication, and elevated Saharan dust levels. However, changing environmental conditions, such as an increase in humidity or a reduction in ambient air temperature made a significant difference to the outcomes recorded on the health statements of the allergic and respiratory illness groups of the Gran Canary population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Menéndez
- a Instituto Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG , Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC , Canary Islands , Spain
| | - Edward Derbyshire
- b Department of Geography , Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham , UK
| | - Teresa Carrillo
- c Sección de Alergología , Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín , Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Elena Caballero
- c Sección de Alergología , Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín , Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Johann P Engelbrecht
- d Division of Atmospheric Sciences , Desert Research Institute , Reno , NV , USA
| | - Lidia E Romero
- a Instituto Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG , Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC , Canary Islands , Spain
| | - Pablo L Mayer
- a Instituto Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG , Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC , Canary Islands , Spain
| | | | - José Mangas
- a Instituto Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG , Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC , Canary Islands , Spain
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