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El-Molla A, Fetouh FA, Bawazir S, Ali Y, Alwahby Y, Bahadeg M, Gotah Y, Badahdah FA, Alsaeed AH, Basseet A. Role of epinephrine in attenuating cytokine storm, decreasing ferritin, and inhibiting ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:22. [PMID: 38376738 PMCID: PMC10879067 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019. It presents one of the most threatening pandemics in the history of humanity. The mortality and morbidity represent an unprecedented challenge to the modern medical era. SARS-CoV-2 results in acute respiratory distress syndrome, high concentrations of proinflammatory mediators, cytokine storm (CS) due to massive release of cytokines, hypercoagulation, and hemoglobin disintegration. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis, iron overload as indicated by high ferritin level, and ferroptosis are major factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. We report a case of SARS-CoV-2 in which the use of epinephrine (Epi) resulted in an unexpected attenuation of CS, decreasing ferritin level and inhibiting ferroptosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 64-year-old male patient with a history of multiple medical comorbidities had been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Further evaluation showed marked increase in inflammatory markers, severe hyperferritinemia, and lymphopenia in laboratory blood tests. The characteristic score of CS was strongly positive, and in addition to regular treatment, the patient received Epi due to development of acute generalized skin rash, severe itching, and edema of lips and tongue. Epi may have successfully terminated not only the acute cutaneous condition, but also have attenuated CS, decreased ferritin level, and other inflammatory markers in addition to complete patient's recovery. CONCLUSION Epinephrine may attenuate CS and inhibit ferroptosis which is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic mode of cell death. Epi interacts with ferric and/or ferrous iron and built a stable complex that impedes activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. Epi may cause marked decrease of ferritin and other inflammatory markers. Epi may be used to decrease iron overload which is associated with many medical diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic diseases such as coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. As a new clinical indication extensive studies are required for further assessment and possible therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samir Bawazir
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Ali
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehya Alwahby
- King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bahadeg
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Gotah
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullatif H Alsaeed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Burlaka AP, Liubenko DL, Burlaka AA, Yevtushenko OI, Ganusevich II. CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2 MODIFIES ANTITUMOR REDOX STATUS OF BLOOD AND INTERCELLULAR MATRIX IN METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS (A PILOT STUDY). Exp Oncol 2024; 45:483-492. [PMID: 38328841 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.04.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current studies demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in increasing complications incidence and the total risk of death in cancer patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers oxidative stress representing one of the major factors of the inflammation contributing to the complicated course of the diseases including cancer. AIM To assess the effect of hypoxia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection on the redox status of blood in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 patients with SARS-CoV-2, 11 mCRC patients with metachronous liver disease, and 14 mCRC patients with preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the study. The data on blood biochemistry (C-reactive protein, ferritin, transferrin, and free iron) were analyzed. The levels of superoxide radicals (ROS) in blood cells were determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using the spin trap technique. The metalloproteinase activity was measured by polyacrylamide gel zymography with the addition of gelatin as a substrate. RESULTS In mCRC patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, a 1.26-fold increase in ROS-generating activity of blood neutrophils was observed compared to mCRC patients with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The blood content of C-reactive protein, transferrin, and free iron in mCRC patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection increased by 2, 6, and 1.4 times, respectively. The total activity of gelatinases in platelets and neutrophils in the blood of mCRC patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.4 and 1.2 times higher compared to mCRC patients with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION mCRC patients with prior COVID-19 have a higher risk of exacerbation of inflammatory reactions. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in redox dіsbalance, which may contribute to the unfavorable course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Burlaka
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D L Liubenko
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A A Burlaka
- State Non-commercial Enterprise "National Cancer Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O I Yevtushenko
- Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - I I Ganusevich
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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3
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Zeinivand M, jamali-Raeufy N, Zavvari F. The beneficial role of Hepcidin peptide inhibitor in improved the symptoms of COVID-19 in diabetics: anti-inflammatory and potential therapeutic effects. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1797-1807. [PMID: 35812243 PMCID: PMC9257556 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent public health issue worldwide. Also, diabetes is a frequent condition with high mortality. There is a strong relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes. This article analyses the intricate relationship between COVID-19 and hepcidin. Hepcidin increases in aged non-insulin diabetic patients. Hepcidin is the last target treatment of several medications commonly used. Viral diseases, especially SARS-CoV19, can activate the hepcidin pathway leading to an elevation in the iron load. This increased iron is released into the bloodstream and results in cell death through ferroptosis, like free iron. Excess iron has pro-coagulative and toxic effects. Hepcidin overexpression and iron overload are associated with COVID-19 infection and can be considered potential targets for treatment. Several studies have shown dalteparin (anti-Hepcidin) could improve the symptoms of COVID-19 in diabetics by appropriately modulating and decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation. This finding can be leading to enhancing the existing knowledge about Therapeutic measures for reducing Covid-19 impairments in diabetics and is suggested as a possible therapeutic agent in diabetes.
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4
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Rethinking IRPs/IRE system in neurodegenerative disorders: Looking beyond iron metabolism. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101511. [PMID: 34767973 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) and iron regulatory element (IRE) systems are well known in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders by regulating iron related proteins. IRPs are also regulated by iron homeostasis. However, an increasing number of studies have suggested a close relationship between the IRPs/IRE system and non-iron-related neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, we reviewed that the IRPs/IRE system is not only controlled by iron ions, but also regulated by such factors as post-translational modification, oxygen, nitric oxide (NO), heme, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and metal ions. In addition, by regulating the transcription of non-iron related proteins, the IRPs/IRE system functioned in oxidative metabolism, cell cycle regulation, abnormal proteins aggregation, and neuroinflammation. Finally, by emphasizing the multiple regulations of IRPs/IRE system and its potential relationship with non-iron metabolic neurodegenerative disorders, we provided new strategies for disease treatment targeting IRPs/IRE system.
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5
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Duca L, Ottolenghi S, Coppola S, Rinaldo R, Dei Cas M, Rubino FM, Paroni R, Samaja M, Chiumello DA, Motta I. Differential Redox State and Iron Regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Coronavirus Disease 2019. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091460. [PMID: 34573092 PMCID: PMC8470076 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients affected by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), unclear mechanisms negatively interfere with the hematopoietic response to hypoxia. Although stimulated by physiological hypoxia, pulmonary hypoxic patients usually develop anemia, which may ultimately complicate the outcome. To characterize this non-adaptive response, we dissected the interplay among the redox state, iron regulation, and inflammation in patients challenged by either acute (ARDS and COVID-19) or chronic (COPD) hypoxia. To this purpose, we evaluated a panel of redox state biomarkers that may integrate the routine iron metabolism assays to monitor the patients’ inflammatory and oxidative state. We measured redox and hematopoietic regulators in 20 ARDS patients, 20 ambulatory COPD patients, 9 COVID-19 ARDS-like patients, and 10 age-matched non-hypoxic healthy volunteers (controls). All the examined pathological conditions induced hypoxia, with ARDS and COVID-19 depressing the hematopoietic response without remarkable effects on erythropoietin. Free iron was higher than the controls in all patients, with higher levels of hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor in ARDS and COVID-19. All markers of the redox state and antioxidant barrier were overexpressed in ARDS and COVID-19. However, glutathionyl hemoglobin, a candidate marker for the redox imbalance, was especially low in ARDS, despite depressed levels of glutathione being present in all patients. Although iron regulation was dysfunctional in all groups, the depressed antioxidant barrier in ARDS, and to a lesser extent in COVID-19, might induce greater inflammatory responses with consequent anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Duca
- General Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Coppola
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rocco Rinaldo
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Federico Maria Rubino
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
- MAGI GROUP, San Felice del Benaco, 25010 Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Alberto Chiumello
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Irene Motta
- General Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.D.); (I.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
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6
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Role of Iron Chelation and Protease Inhibition of Natural Products on COVID-19 Infection. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112306. [PMID: 34070628 PMCID: PMC8198259 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 callings for international attention to develop new effective therapeutics, no specific protocol is yet available, leaving patients to rely on general and supportive therapies. A range of respiratory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, have been associated with higher iron levels that may promote the course of viral infection. Recent studies have demonstrated that some natural components could act as the first barrier against viral injury by affecting iron metabolism. Moreover, a few recent studies have proposed the combination of protease inhibitors for therapeutic use against SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the role of viral protease in virus infectivity. In this regard, this review focuses on the analysis, through literature and docking studies, of a number of natural products able to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection, acting both as iron chelators and protease inhibitors.
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Qu M, Zhang H, Chen Z, Sun X, Zhu S, Nan K, Chen W, Miao C. The Role of Ferroptosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:651552. [PMID: 34026785 PMCID: PMC8137978 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.651552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of regulated cell death that is different from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which induces cell death. Iron, lipid and amino acid metabolism is associated with ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathological development of various diseases, such as neurological diseases and cancer. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is also closely related to acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), suggesting that it can be a novel therapeutic target. This article mainly introduces the metabolic mechanism related to ferroptosis and discusses its role in ALI/ARDS to provide new ideas for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingfeng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuainan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Habib HM, Ibrahim S, Zaim A, Ibrahim WH. The role of iron in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and possible treatment with lactoferrin and other iron chelators. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111228. [PMID: 33454595 PMCID: PMC7836924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload is increasingly implicated as a contributor to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Indeed, several of the manifestations of COVID-19, such as inflammation, hypercoagulation, hyperferritinemia, and immune dysfunction are also reminiscent of iron overload. Although iron is essential for all living cells, free unbound iron, resulting from iron dysregulation and overload, is very reactive and potentially toxic due to its role in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS react with and damage cellular lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, with consequent activation of either acute or chronic inflammatory processes implicated in multiple clinical conditions. Moreover, iron-catalyzed lipid damage exerts a direct causative effect on the newly discovered nonapoptotic cell death known as ferroptosis. Unlike apoptosis, ferroptosis is immunogenic and not only leads to amplified cell death but also promotes a series of reactions associated with inflammation. Iron chelators are generally safe and are proven to protect patients in clinical conditions characterized by iron overload. There is also an abundance of evidence that iron chelators possess antiviral activities. Furthermore, the naturally occurring iron chelator lactoferrin (Lf) exerts immunomodulatory as well as anti-inflammatory effects and can bind to several receptors used by coronaviruses thereby blocking their entry into host cells. Iron chelators may consequently be of high therapeutic value during the present COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam M Habib
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Dairy Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Ibrahim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, USA
| | - Aamnah Zaim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, USA
| | - Wissam H Ibrahim
- Office of Institutional Effectiveness, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
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Mann JK, Ndung'u T. The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19. Future Virol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7543043 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading rapidly with no established effective treatments. While most cases are mild, others experience uncontrolled inflammatory responses with oxidative stress, dysregulation of iron and coagulation as features. Lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme are abundant, safe antimicrobials that have wide antiviral as well as immunomodulatory properties. In particular, lactoferrin restores iron homeostasis and inhibits replication of SARS-CoV, which is closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Ovotransferrin has antiviral peptides and activities that are shared with lactoferrin. Both lactoferrin and lysozyme are ‘immune sensing’ as they may stimulate immune responses or resolve inflammation. Mechanisms by which these antimicrobials may treat or prevent COVID-19, as well as sources and forms of these, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Kelly Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT & Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Guldiken N, Hamesch K, Schuller SM, Aly M, Lindhauer C, Schneider CV, Fromme M, Trautwein C, Strnad P. Mild Iron Overload as Seen in Individuals Homozygous for the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Pi*Z Variant Does Not Promote Liver Fibrogenesis in HFE Knockout Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111415. [PMID: 31717526 PMCID: PMC6912453 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of the homozygous 'Pi*Z' variant of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) ('Pi*ZZ' genotype) predisposes to liver fibrosis development, but the role of iron metabolism in this process remains unknown. Therefore, we assessed iron metabolism and variants in the Homeostatic Iron Regulator gene (HFE) as the major cause of hereditary iron overload in a large cohort of Pi*ZZ subjects without liver comorbidities. The human cohort comprised of 409 Pi*ZZ individuals and 254 subjects without evidence of an AAT mutation who were recruited from ten European countries. All underwent a comprehensive work-up and transient elastography to determine liver stiffness measurements (LSM). The corresponding mouse models (Pi*Z overexpressors, HFE knockouts, and double transgenic [DTg] mice) were used to evaluate the impact of mild iron overload on Pi*Z-induced liver injury. Compared to Pi*Z non-carriers, Pi*ZZ individuals had elevated serum iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels, but relevant iron overload was rare. All these parameters were higher in individuals with signs of significant liver fibrosis (LSM ≥ 7.1 kPa) compared to those without signs of significant liver fibrosis. HFE knockout and DTg mice displayed similar extent of iron overload and of fibrosis. Loss of HFE did not alter the extent of AAT accumulation. In Pi*ZZ individuals, presence of HFE mutations was not associated with more severe liver fibrosis. Taken together, Pi*ZZ individuals display minor alterations in serum iron parameters. Neither mild iron overload seen in these individuals nor the presence of HFE mutations (C282Y and H63D) constitute a major contributor to liver fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Guldiken
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.G.); (K.H.); (S.M.S.); (M.A.); (C.L.); (C.V.S.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Karim Hamesch
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.G.); (K.H.); (S.M.S.); (M.A.); (C.L.); (C.V.S.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
- Coordinating Center for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency-Related Liver Disease of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Registry Group “Alpha-1 Liver”, Germany
| | - Shari Malan Schuller
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.G.); (K.H.); (S.M.S.); (M.A.); (C.L.); (C.V.S.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Mahmoud Aly
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.G.); (K.H.); (S.M.S.); (M.A.); (C.L.); (C.V.S.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Cecilia Lindhauer
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.G.); (K.H.); (S.M.S.); (M.A.); (C.L.); (C.V.S.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Carolin V. Schneider
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.G.); (K.H.); (S.M.S.); (M.A.); (C.L.); (C.V.S.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Malin Fromme
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.G.); (K.H.); (S.M.S.); (M.A.); (C.L.); (C.V.S.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.G.); (K.H.); (S.M.S.); (M.A.); (C.L.); (C.V.S.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
- Coordinating Center for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency-Related Liver Disease of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Registry Group “Alpha-1 Liver”, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.G.); (K.H.); (S.M.S.); (M.A.); (C.L.); (C.V.S.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
- Coordinating Center for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency-Related Liver Disease of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Registry Group “Alpha-1 Liver”, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(241)-80-35324; Fax: +49-(241)-80-82455
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11
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New therapeutic targets for the prevention of infectious acute exacerbations of COPD: role of epithelial adhesion molecules and inflammatory pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1663-1703. [PMID: 31346069 DOI: 10.1042/cs20181009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with the major contributor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounting for approximately 3 million deaths annually. Frequent acute exacerbations (AEs) of COPD (AECOPD) drive clinical and functional decline in COPD and are associated with accelerated loss of lung function, increased mortality, decreased health-related quality of life and significant economic costs. Infections with a small subgroup of pathogens precipitate the majority of AEs and consequently constitute a significant comorbidity in COPD. However, current pharmacological interventions are ineffective in preventing infectious exacerbations and their treatment is compromised by the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Thus, alternative preventative therapies need to be considered. Pathogen adherence to the pulmonary epithelium through host receptors is the prerequisite step for invasion and subsequent infection of surrounding structures. Thus, disruption of bacterial-host cell interactions with receptor antagonists or modulation of the ensuing inflammatory profile present attractive avenues for therapeutic development. This review explores key mediators of pathogen-host interactions that may offer new therapeutic targets with the potential to prevent viral/bacterial-mediated AECOPD. There are several conceptual and methodological hurdles hampering the development of new therapies that require further research and resolution.
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Najafinobar N, Venkatesan S, von Sydow L, Klarqvist M, Olsson H, Zhou XH, Cloonan SM, Malmberg P. ToF-SIMS mediated analysis of human lung tissue reveals increased iron deposition in COPD (GOLD IV) patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10060. [PMID: 31296897 PMCID: PMC6624371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease that is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide. Recent reports have indicated that dysfunctional iron handling in the lungs of COPD patients may be one contributing factor. However, a number of these studies have been limited to the qualitative assessment of iron levels through histochemical staining or to the expression levels of iron-carrier proteins in cells or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In this study, we have used time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to visualize and relatively quantify iron accumulation in lung tissue sections of healthy donors versus severe COPD patients. An IONTOF 5 instrument was used to perform the analysis, and further multivariate analysis was used to analyze the data. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot revealed good separation between the two groups. This separation was primarily attributed to differences in iron content, as well as differences in other chemical signals possibly associated with lipid species. Further, relative quantitative analysis revealed twelve times higher iron levels in lung tissue sections of COPD patients when compared to healthy donors. In addition, iron accumulation observed within the cells was heterogeneously distributed, indicating cellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Najafinobar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shalini Venkatesan
- Target & Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena von Sydow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Klarqvist
- Early Product Development, Pharm Sci, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henric Olsson
- Target & Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Target & Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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13
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Wu X, Siehnel RJ, Garudathri J, Staudinger BJ, Hisert KB, Ozer EA, Hauser AR, Eng JK, Manoil C, Singh PK, Bruce JE. In Vivo Proteome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2601-2612. [PMID: 31060355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic airway infection with P. aeruginosa (PA) is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. The mechanisms producing PA persistence in CF therapies remain poorly understood. To gain insight on PA physiology in patient airways and better understand how in vivo bacterial functioning differs from in vitro conditions, we investigated the in vivo proteomes of PA in 35 sputum samples from 11 CF patients. We developed a novel bacterial-enrichment method that relies on differential centrifugation and detergent treatment to enrich for bacteria to improve identification of PA proteome with CF sputum samples. Using two nonredundant peptides as a cutoff, a total of 1304 PA proteins were identified directly from CF sputum samples. The in vivo PA proteomes were compared with the proteomes of ex vivo-grown PA populations from the same patient sample. Label-free quantitation and proteome comparison revealed the in vivo up-regulation of siderophore TonB-dependent receptors, remodeling in central carbon metabolism including glyoxylate cycle and lactate utilization, and alginate overproduction. Knowledge of these in vivo proteome differences or others derived using the presented methodology could lead to future treatment strategies aimed at altering PA physiology in vivo to compromise infectivity or improve antibiotic efficacy.
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14
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Bacterial Resistance in Pneumonia in Developing Countries-A Role for Iron Chelation. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4020059. [PMID: 30974759 PMCID: PMC6631655 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia represents one of the major infectious diseases in developing countries and is associated with high mortality, in particular in children under the age of five. The main causative bacterial agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type B, accounting for 33% and 16%, respectively, of the mortality in under-fives. Iron modulates the immune response in infectious diseases and increased iron levels can lead to complications such as sepsis and multiorgan failure. This review will look into the use of iron chelators in order to reduce microbial growth and attenuate a dysregulated immune response during infection. Our hypothesis is that temporary restriction of iron will lessen the incidence and complication rate of infections like pneumonia and result in a decrease of mortality and morbidity.
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15
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Iron Homeostasis in the Lungs-A Balance between Health and Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010005. [PMID: 30609678 PMCID: PMC6469191 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong mechanistic link between the regulation of iron homeostasis and oxygen sensing is evident in the lung, where both systems must be properly controlled to maintain lung function. Imbalances in pulmonary iron homeostasis are frequently associated with respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms causing alterations in iron levels and the involvement of iron in the development of lung disorders are incompletely understood. Here, we review current knowledge about the regulation of pulmonary iron homeostasis, its functional importance, and the link between dysregulated iron levels and lung diseases. Gaining greater knowledge on how iron contributes to the pathogenesis of these diseases holds promise for future iron-related therapeutic strategies.
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16
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Čabanová K, Hrabovská K, Matějková P, Dědková K, Tomášek V, Dvořáčková J, Kukutschová J. Settled iron-based road dust and its characteristics and possible association with detection in human tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2950-2959. [PMID: 30499095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Settled road dust was examined to detect the presence of non-airborne submicron and nano-sized iron-based particles and to characterize these particles. Samples were collected from a road surface near a busy road junction in the city of Ostrava, Czech Republic, once a month from March to October. The eight collected samples were subjected to a combination of experimental techniques including elemental analysis, Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and magnetometry. The data thereby obtained confirmed the presence of non-agglomerated spherical nano-sized iron-based particles, with average sizes ranging from 2 down to 490 nm. There are several sources in road traffic which generate road dust particles, including exhaust and non-exhaust processes. Some of them (e.g., brake wear) produce iron as the dominant metallic element. Raman microspectroscopy revealed forms of iron (mainly as oxides, Fe2O3, and mixtures of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4). Moreover, Fe3O4 was also detected in samples of human tissues from the upper and lower respiratory tract. In view of the fact that no agglomeration of those particles was found by SEM, it is supposed that these particles may be easily resuspended and represent a risk to human health due to inhalation exposure, as proved by the detection of particles with similar morphology and phase composition in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Čabanová
- Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava,, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamila Hrabovská
- Department of Physics, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matějková
- Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava,, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Dědková
- Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava,, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Tomášek
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dvořáčková
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kukutschová
- Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava,, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Zhang Y, Qiu J, Zhang P, Zhang J, Jiang M, Ma Z. Genetic variants in FAM13A and IREB2 are associated with the susceptibility to COPD in a Chinese rural population: a case-control study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:1735-1745. [PMID: 29872291 PMCID: PMC5973397 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s162241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies identified several genomic regions associated with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including the 4q22 and 15q25 regions. These regions contain the FAM13A and IREB2 genes, which have been associated with COPD but data are lacking for Chinese patients. The objective of the study was to identify new genetic variants in the FAM13A and IREB2 associated with COPD in Northwestern China. Methods This was a case-control study performed in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between January 2014 and December 2016. Patients were grouped as COPD and controls based on FEV1/FVC<70%. Seven tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FAM13A and IREB2 genes were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between SNPs and COPD risk. Results rs17014601 in FAM13A was significantly associated with COPD in the additive (odds ratio [OR]=1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.67, P=0.003), heterozygote (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.33-2.32, P=0.0001), and dominant (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.28-2.18, P=0.0001) models. Stratified analyses indicated that the risk was higher in never smokers. rs16969858 in IREB2 was significantly associated with COPD but in the univariate analysis only, and the multivariate analysis did not show any association. Conclusion The results suggest that the new variant rs17014601 in the FAM13A gene was significantly associated with COPD risk in a Chinese rural population. Additional studies are required to confirm the role of this variant in COPD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanbing Ma
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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18
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Vargas Buonfiglio LG, Borcherding JA, Frommelt M, Parker GJ, Duchman B, Vanegas Calderón OG, Fernandez-Ruiz R, Noriega JE, Stone EA, Gerke AK, Zabner J, Comellas AP. Airway surface liquid from smokers promotes bacterial growth and biofilm formation via iron-lactoferrin imbalance. Respir Res 2018. [PMID: 29524964 PMCID: PMC5845328 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is a leading cause of respiratory infections worldwide. Tobacco particulate matter disrupts iron homeostasis in the lungs and increases the iron content in the airways of smokers. The airway epithelia secrete lactoferrin to quench iron required for bacteria to proliferate and cause lung infections. We hypothesized that smokers would have increased bacterial growth and biofilm formation via iron lactoferrin imbalance. Methods We collected bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from non-smokers and smokers. We challenged these samples using a standard inoculum of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and quantified bacterial growth and biofilm formation. We measured both iron and lactoferrin in the samples. We investigated the effect of supplementing non-smoker BAL with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or ferric chloride and the effect of supplementing smoker BAL with lactoferrin on bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Results BAL from smokers had increased bacterial growth and biofilm formation compared to non-smokers after both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa challenge. In addition, we found that samples from smokers had a higher iron to lactoferrin ratio. Supplementing the BAL of non-smokers with cigarette smoke extract and ferric chloride increased bacterial growth. Conversely, supplementing the BAL of smokers with lactoferrin had a concentration-dependent decrease in bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Conclusion Cigarette smoking produces factors which increase bacterial growth and biofilm formation in the BAL. We propose that smoking disrupts the iron-to-lactoferrin in the airways. This finding offers a new avenue for potential therapeutic interventions to prevent respiratory infections in smokers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0743-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Vargas Buonfiglio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer A Borcherding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Mark Frommelt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Gavin J Parker
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bryce Duchman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Oriana G Vanegas Calderón
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ruth Fernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Julio E Noriega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alicia K Gerke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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19
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Mucke HA. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications April–June 2017. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 15:372-377. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.29068.pq2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Memon ZM, Yilmaz E, Shah AM, Sahin U, Kazi TG, Devrajani BR, Soylak M. Trace elements in blood samples of smoker and nonsmoker active pulmonary tuberculosis patients from Jamshoro, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26513-26520. [PMID: 28948455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a serious public threat throughout the world. PTB and smoking have a strong correlation. Malnutrition, poverty, addiction, overcrowding, illiteracy, unemployment, and poor hygienic conditions are the collective aspects for the disease progress. Pakistan is the fifth among 22 high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries and the fourth regarding multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The aim of study was to determine the concentration of essential and toxic elements from blood samples of smoker and nonsmoker PTB patients by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) followed by microwave acid digestion and compared with control subjects (n = 30). Eighty PTB patients were selected from different hospitals with age ranging 20-70 years. It was interpreted that the mean age among males and females was found to be 35.6 ± 1.4 and 33.5 ± 1.2, respectively, and the male patients were highly affected in contrast to females. Essential elements such as Mn, Fe, Zn, and Se were statistically found to be lower while Ca, Co, and Cu were found to be higher compared to the control group (p = 0.00). However, toxic elements like Al, Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb were statistically elevated in smokers than nonsmokers. Further research is needed to understand the degree of the impact of essential trace elements on treatment outcome (follow-up) followed by balanced healthy nutritional supplementation along with medical therapy, consequently improving the pulmonary tuberculosis outcome and survival as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Manzoor Memon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Ugur Sahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | | | - Mustafa Soylak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Neves J, Leitz D, Kraut S, Brandenberger C, Agrawal R, Weissmann N, Mühlfeld C, Mall MA, Altamura S, Muckenthaler MU. Disruption of the Hepcidin/Ferroportin Regulatory System Causes Pulmonary Iron Overload and Restrictive Lung Disease. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:230-239. [PMID: 28499927 PMCID: PMC5478206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that pulmonary iron accumulation is implicated in a spectrum of chronic lung diseases. However, the mechanism(s) involved in pulmonary iron deposition and its role in the in vivo pathogenesis of lung diseases remains unknown. Here we show that a point mutation in the murine ferroportin gene, which causes hereditary hemochromatosis type 4 (Slc40a1C326S), increases iron levels in alveolar macrophages, epithelial cells lining the conducting airways and lung parenchyma, and in vascular smooth muscle cells. Pulmonary iron overload is associated with oxidative stress, restrictive lung disease with decreased total lung capacity and reduced blood oxygen saturation in homozygous Slc40a1C326S/C326S mice compared to wild-type controls. These findings implicate iron in lung pathology, which is so far not considered a classical iron-related disorder. Ferroportin resistance to hepcidin binding leads to pulmonary iron overload. Lung iron accumulation is restricted to specific cell types. Iron overload causes restrictive lung disease and decreased blood oxygen saturation.
Pulmonary iron accumulation is associated with a wide spectrum of lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Impaired lung function was further reported in patients with thalassemia major, a disease hallmarked by transfusional iron overload. So far, the mechanism(s) leading to pulmonary iron deposition and its role in disease onset and progression are still unknown. Our study shows that in a murine disease model, in which the control of systemic iron homeostasis is disrupted, iron accumulates in the lung and correlates with oxidative stress, restrictive lung disease and decreased blood oxygen saturation. These findings implicate iron overload in lung pathology, which is not considered a classical iron-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Neves
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology - University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 4050-343 Porto, Portugal; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Leitz
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Kraut
- Justus-Liebig University of Giessen (JLUG), Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Raman Agrawal
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Justus-Liebig University of Giessen (JLUG), Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology - University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology - University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Khiroya H, Moore JS, Ahmad N, Kay J, Woolnough K, Langman G, Ismail I, Naidu B, Tselepis C, Turner AM. IRP2 as a potential modulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis and prognosis in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:1600711. [PMID: 28404645 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00711-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IREB2 is a gene that produces iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), which is critical to intracellular iron homeostasis and which relates to the rate of cellular proliferation. IREB2 lies in a lung cancer susceptibility locus. The aims were to assess 1) the relationship between iron loading, cell proliferation and IRP2 expression in lung cancer; 2) the potential of iron related pathways as therapeutic targets; and 3) the relevance of IRP2 in operated lung cancer patients.Cells of two nonsmall cell cancer (NSCLC) lines and primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) were cultured with and without iron; and proliferation, apoptosis and migration were assessed. Reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot were used to assess expression of iron homeostasis genes/proteins. Iron chelation and knockdown of IREB2 were used in vitro to explore therapeutics. A cohort of operated NSCLC patients was studied for markers of systemic iron status, tumour IRP2 staining and survival.Iron loading caused cell proliferation in cancer cell lines, which were less able to regulate IREB2 expression than PBECs. Iron chelation resulted in a return of proliferation rates to baseline levels; knockdown of IREB2 had a similar effect. IRP2-positive tumours were larger (p=0.045) and higher percentage staining related to poorer survival (p=0.079).Loss of iron regulation represents a poor prognostic marker in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khiroya
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Jasbir S Moore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Both authors contributed equally
| | | | - Jamie Kay
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | | | | | - Iyad Ismail
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Babu Naidu
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alice M Turner
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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