1
|
Aliyi H, Ahmed M, Gobena T, Alemu BM, Abdi Adem H, Aliyi Usso A. Prevalence and factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection among primary school children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17439. [PMID: 38887618 PMCID: PMC11182021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease and an important parasite negatively impacting socio-economic factors. Ethiopia's Federal Ministry of Health targeted the elimination of schistosomiasis infection in school-aged children by 2020. However, Schistosoma mansoni still affects approximately 12.3 million school-aged children in Ethiopia. Although the study was conducted in some regions of the country, previous studies were conducted on urban school children and were limited to the burden of infection. Overall, there is a lack of information about schistosomiasis in eastern Ethiopia, particularly among school children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection among primary school children in Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 school children using systematic random sampling from April 10 to May 09, 2019. The stool samples were collected and examined using the Keto-Katz method. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from participants. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 24. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection. P-value < 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) were used to identify statistically significant associations. Results This study's overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 19.4% (95% CI [16-23]). Absence of the latrines in household (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.25-4.38]), swimming in the river (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI [1.33-5.88]), unprotected water sources (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI [1.72-7.10]), irregular shoe wearing habits (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI [1.51-5.23]), and water contact during cross of river (AOR = 2.192; 95% CI [1.113-4.318]) were factors independently associated with S. mansoni infection. Conclusion Schistosoma mansoni infection remains a public health problem in the study area. Using a latrine in each household, using protected water, wearing shoes regularly, and reducing water contact were necessary to control Schistosoma mansoni infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Ahmed
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Gobena
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bezatu Mengistie Alemu
- School of Public Health, Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Adis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hassen Abdi Adem
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmedin Aliyi Usso
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gaye PM, Ndiaye EHI, Doucouré S, Sow D, Gaye M, Goumballa N, Cassagne C, L'Ollivier C, Medianikov O, Sokhna C, Ranque S. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry traces the geographical source of Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus forskalii, involved in schistosomiasis transmission. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:11. [PMID: 38281969 PMCID: PMC10823745 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freshwater snails of the genera Bulinus spp., Biomphalaria spp., and Oncomelania spp. are the main intermediate hosts of human and animal schistosomiasis. Identification of these snails has long been based on morphological and/or genomic criteria, which have their limitations. These limitations include a lack of precision for the morphological tool and cost and time for the DNA-based approach. Recently, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, a new tool used which is routinely in clinical microbiology, has emerged in the field of malacology for the identification of freshwater snails. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to identify Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus forskalii snail populations according to their geographical origin. METHODS This study was conducted on 101 Bi. pfeifferi and 81 Bu. forskalii snails collected in three distinct geographical areas of Senegal (the North-East, South-East and central part of the country), and supplemented with wild and laboratory strains. Specimens which had previously been morphologically described were identified by MALDI-TOF MS [identification log score values (LSV) ≥ 1.7], after an initial blind test using the pre-existing database. After DNA-based identification, new reference spectra of Bi. pfeifferi (n = 10) and Bu. forskalii (n = 5) from the geographical areas were added to the MALDI-TOF spectral database. The final blind test against this updated database was performed to assess identification at the geographic source level. RESULTS MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified 92.1% of 101 Bi. pfeifferi snails and 98.8% of 81 Bu. forskalii snails. At the final blind test, 88% of 166 specimens were correctly identified according to both their species and sampling site, with LSVs ranging from 1.74 to 2.70. The geographical source was adequately identified in 90.1% of 91 Bi. pfeifferi and 85.3% of 75 Bu. forskalii samples. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS can identify and differentiate snail populations according to geographical origin. It outperforms the current DNA-based approaches in discriminating laboratory from wild strains. This inexpensive high-throughput approach is likely to further revolutionise epidemiological studies in areas which are endemic for schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Papa Mouhamadou Gaye
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005, Marseille, France
- VITROME, International IRD-UCAD Campus, 1386, Dakar, Senegal
- Hospital-University Institut (IHU) Mediterranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
- Departement of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, UCAD, 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - El Hadj Ibrahima Ndiaye
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005, Marseille, France
- VITROME, International IRD-UCAD Campus, 1386, Dakar, Senegal
- Hospital-University Institut (IHU) Mediterranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
- Departement of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, UCAD, 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Doudou Sow
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, 234, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Mapenda Gaye
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005, Marseille, France
- Hospital-University Institut (IHU) Mediterranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Ndiaw Goumballa
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005, Marseille, France
- VITROME, International IRD-UCAD Campus, 1386, Dakar, Senegal
- Hospital-University Institut (IHU) Mediterranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Cassagne
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005, Marseille, France
- Hospital-University Institut (IHU) Mediterranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie L'Ollivier
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005, Marseille, France
- Hospital-University Institut (IHU) Mediterranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Medianikov
- Hospital-University Institut (IHU) Mediterranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- VITROME, International IRD-UCAD Campus, 1386, Dakar, Senegal
- Hospital-University Institut (IHU) Mediterranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005, Marseille, France.
- Hospital-University Institut (IHU) Mediterranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meshram SB, Ramnani HG, Chaudhury S. Isolation of Schistosoma haematobium in Bronchoalveolar Lavage in an Immunocompromised Individual: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2024; 19:117-122. [PMID: 38654948 PMCID: PMC11033532 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes (body flukes), affecting millions worldwide. However, its pulmonary manifestations are rare. We report a rare case of a 51-year-old People Living with HIV male, managed in a tertiary care hospital in west India in May 2023, vegetable vendor who was admitted with complaints of dysphagia, odynophagia, fever and chest pain for 3 days, cough and breathlessness for 1 month. Chest x-ray and CT scan were suggestive of hypodense fluid collection with rim enhancement along right lateral and posterior aspect of thoracic esophagus. All routine investigations and urine cultures were sent, which turned to be inconclusive. Upper Gastrointestinal scopy was suggestive of pangastritis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was done with no structural abnormality or endobronchial mass. Bronchoalveolar lavage from right lower lobe was sent for CBNAAT, Gram and Ziehl Nelson staining and cultures, acid fast bacilli cultures and cytology which revealed parasitic infection with Schistosoma haematobium. The patient was treated with tablet praziquantel P/O 2400 mg in divided doses for 1 day followed up after two weeks when he experienced reduced symptoms. Sputum examination was repeated showed Schistosoma on wet mount and hence a repeat dose of tablet praziquantel 3000 mg in divided doses was given and was advised to follow up 2 weeks later, which showed resolution of right lower zone opacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Bhanudas Meshram
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Hiral Gulab Ramnani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Spandana Chaudhury
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Status Quo and Future Perspectives of Molecular and Genomic Studies on the Genus Biomphalaria-The Intermediate Snail Host of Schistosoma mansoni. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054895. [PMID: 36902324 PMCID: PMC10003693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, or also generally known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a parasitic disease that is caused by trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. It is considered by the World Health Organisation as the second most prevalent parasitic disease after malaria and affects more than 230 million people in over 70 countries. People are infected via a variety of activities ranging from agricultural, domestic, occupational to recreational activities, where the freshwater snails Biomphalaria release Schistosoma cercariae larvae that penetrate the skin of humans when exposed in water. Understanding the biology of the intermediate host snail Biomphalaria is thus important to reveal the potential spread of schistosomiasis. In this article, we present an overview of the latest molecular studies focused on the snail Biomphalaria, including its ecology, evolution, and immune response; and propose using genomics as a foundation to further understand and control this disease vector and thus the transmission of schistosomiasis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Okoro OJ, Deme GG, Okoye CO, Eze SC, Odii EC, Gbadegesin JT, Okeke ES, Oyejobi GK, Nyaruaba R, Ebido CC. Understanding key vectors and vector-borne diseases associated with freshwater ecosystem across Africa: Implications for public health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160732. [PMID: 36509277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases transmitted by key freshwater organisms have remained a global concern. As one of the leading biodiversity hotspots, the African ecoregion is suggested to harbour the highest number of freshwater organisms globally. Among the commonly found organisms in the African ecoregion are mosquitoes and snails, with a majority of their life cycle in freshwater, and these freshwater organisms can transmit diseases or serve as carriers of devastating diseases of public health concerns. However, synthetic studies to link the evident abundant presence and wide distribution of these vectors across the freshwater ecosystems in Africa with the increasing emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases in Africa are still limited. Here, we reviewed documented evidence on vector-borne diseases and their transmission pathways in Africa to reduce the knowledge gap on the factors influencing the increasing emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases across Africa. We found the population distributions or abundance of these freshwater organisms to be increasing, which is directly associated with the increasing emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases across Africa. Furthermore, we found that although the current changing environmental conditions in Africa affect the habitats of these freshwater organisms, current changing environmental conditions may not be suppressing the population distributions or abundance of these freshwater organisms. Instead, we found that these freshwater organisms are extending their geographic ranges across Africa, which may have significant public health implications in Africa. Thus, our study demonstrates the need for future studies to integrate the environmental conditions of vectors' habitats to understand if these environmental conditions directly or indirectly influence the vectorial capacities and transmission abilities of vectors of diseases. We propose that such studies will be necessary to guide policymakers in making informed policies to help control vector-borne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onyekwere Joseph Okoro
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gideon Gywa Deme
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Charles Obinwanne Okoye
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sabina Chioma Eze
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo 972221, Benue State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah Chibueze Odii
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Janet Temitope Gbadegesin
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, South Africa; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Greater Kayode Oyejobi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo 230212, Osun State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, P.R. China. 430072
| | - Raphael Nyaruaba
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chike Chukwuenyem Ebido
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hailegebriel T, Nibret E, Munshea A. Distribution and seasonal abundance of Biomphalaria snails and their infection status with Schistosoma mansoni in and around Lake Tana, northwest Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17055. [PMID: 36224227 PMCID: PMC9556671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomphalaria snails, namely B. pfeifferi and B. sudanica, are the principal intermediate hosts for Schistosoma mansoni infection in Ethiopia. Epidemiological studies of Biomphalaria snails and their infection status with S. mansoni is vital for public health planning. This study aimed to assess the spatial and seasonal abundance of Biomphalaria snails as well as their infection status with S. mansoni around Lake Tana, northwest Ethiopia. Malacological survey was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 in ten different collection sites in and around Lake Tana. Snail collection was performed for 20 min from each collection site seasonally (four times in a year) using a standard scoop and handpicking from aquatic vegetation. All collected snails were carefully examined based on their morphological features and all live Biomphalaria snails were subjected to cercariae shedding experiment. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its relationship with snail collection sites and seasons. A total of 3886 freshwater snails were collected from ten collection sites around Lake Tana. Out of the total snails collected, 1606 (41.3%; 95% CI 39.77-42.89%) were Biomphalaria spp. The highest (374) and the lowest numbers (98) of Biomphalaria snails were collected from Shinne River and Qunzela Lakeshore, respectively. Out of the 1375 live Biomphalaria snails, 14.4% (95% CI 12.59-16.37%) snails shed cercariae, but only 4.87% (95% CI 3.79-6.15%) were cercariae of S. mansoni. The infection prevalence of S. mansoni ranged from 10.59% at the Cherechera site to 1.49% at Gumara River. Biomphalaria snail infections with S. mansoni cercariae were observed throughout the season, the highest and the lowest infection rates being in the spring and summer seasons. Significant differences in the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in Biomphalaria snails were observed across study sites and seasons (p < 0.05). Biomphalaria snails were the most abundant freshwater snails found in nearly all of snail collection sites throughout the year. It was revealed that nearly five percent of Biomphalaria snails were infected with S. mansoni cercariae. This study highlights the importance of appropriate snail control strategies to support the ongoing prevention and control of schistosomiasis around Lake Tana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Hailegebriel
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia ,grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Institute of Biotechnology (IOB), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Nibret
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia ,grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Institute of Biotechnology (IOB), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abaineh Munshea
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia ,grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Institute of Biotechnology (IOB), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morphological and molecular characterization of larval trematodes infecting the assassin snail genus Anentome in Thailand. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e52. [PMID: 35894430 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The assassin snail genus Anentome is widespread in Southeast Asia, and is distributed all over the world via the aquarium trade. One species of genus Anentome, Anentome helena, is known to act as intermediate host of parasitic trematodes. This study investigates the taxonomic diversity of larval trematodes infecting A. helena and Anentome wykoffi in Thailand. Larval trematodes were identified by combining morphological and DNA sequence data (cytochrome c oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2). Species delimitation methods were used to explore larval trematode species boundaries. A total of 1107 specimens of Anentome sp. were collected from 25 localities in Thailand. Sixty-two specimens of A. helena (n = 33) and A. wykoffi (n = 29) were infected by zoogonid cercariae, heterophyid metacercariae and echinostome metacercariae, with an overall prevalence of 5.6% (62/1107) and population-level prevalences in the range of 0.0-22.3%. DNA sequence data confirmed that the larval trematodes belong to the families Echinostomatidae, Heterophyidae and Zoogonidae. As such, this is the first report of zoogonid cercariae and heterophyid metacercariae in A. helena, and echinostome metacercariae in A. wykoffi. Moreover, this study provides evidence of tentative species-level differentiation between Thai Echinostoma sp. and Cambodian Echinostoma mekongi, as well as within Echinostoma caproni, Echinostoma trivolvis and Echinostoma revolutum.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamlili FZ, Thiam F, Laroche M, Diarra AZ, Doucouré S, Gaye PM, Fall CB, Faye B, Sokhna C, Sow D, Parola P. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of freshwater snails from Senegal, including intermediate hosts of schistosomes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009725. [PMID: 34516582 PMCID: PMC8489727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria, Bulinus, and Oncomelania are intermediate hosts of schistosomes that cause human schistosomiasis, one of the most significant infectious neglected diseases in the world. Identification of freshwater snails is usually based on morphology and potentially DNA-based methods, but these have many drawbacks that hamper their use. MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionised clinical microbiology and has emerged in the medical entomology field. This study aims to evaluate MALDI-TOF MS profiling for the identification of both frozen and ethanol-stored snail species using protein extracts from different body parts. A total of 530 field specimens belonging to nine species (Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus forskalii, Bulinus senegalensis, Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus globosus, Bellamya unicolor, Cleopatra bulimoides, Lymnaea natalensis, Melanoides tuberculata) and 89 laboratory-reared specimens, including three species (Bi. pfeifferi, Bu. forskalii, Bu. truncatus) were used for this study. For frozen snails, the feet of 127 field and 74 laboratory-reared specimens were used to validate the optimised MALDI-TOF MS protocol. The spectral analysis yielded intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity which resulted in the correct identification of all the specimens in blind queries, with log-score values greater than 1.7. In a second step, we demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could also be used to identify ethanol-stored snails using proteins extracted from the foot using a specific database including a large number of ethanol preserved specimens. This study shows for the first time that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable tool for the rapid identification of frozen and ethanol-stored freshwater snails without any malacological expertise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Hamlili
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Fatou Thiam
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Helminthologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maureen Laroche
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | | | - Papa Mouhamadou Gaye
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Helminthologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Binetou Fall
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Faye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Doudou Sow
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger de Saint Louis, Senegal
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li HM, Qin ZQ, Bergquist R, Qian MB, Xia S, Lv S, Xiao N, Utzinger J, Zhou XN. Nucleic acid amplification techniques for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in humans and the intermediate snail host: a structured review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 112:152-164. [PMID: 34474147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by hematodes of genus Schistosoma. This review evaluated the available nucleic acid amplification techniques for diagnosing S. mansoni infections in humans, intermediate host snails, and presumed rodent reservoirs. METHODS Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and 95% CI were calculated based on available literature. The potential of PCR, nPCR, PCR-ELISA, qPCR, and LAMP was compared for diagnosing S. mansoni infections. RESULTS A total of 546 published records were identified. Quality assessment by QUADAS-2 revealed an uncertain risk in most studies, and 21 references were included in the final. For human samples, the four nucleic acid amplification techniques showed an overall sensitivity of 89.79% (95% CI: 83.92%-93.67%), specificity of 87.70% (95% CI: 72.60%-95.05%), and DOR of 37.73 (95% CI: 21.79-65.33). LAMP showed the highest sensitivity, followed by PCR-ELISA, PCR, and qPCR, while this order was almost reversed for specificity; qPCR had the highest AUC. For rodent samples, qPCR showed modest sensitivity (68.75%, 95% CI: 43.32%-86.36%) and high specificity (92.45%, 95% CI: 19.94%-99.83%). For snail samples, PCR and nPCR assays showed high sensitivity of 90.06% (95% CI: 84.39%-93.82%) and specificity of 85.51% (95% CI: 54.39%-96.69%). CONCLUSION Nucleic acid amplification techniques had high diagnostic potential for identifying S. mansoni infections in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Ingerod, Brastad, Sweden (formerly with the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland)
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xiao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jurg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Okeke OC, Akinwale OP, Ubachukwu PO, Gyang PV, Henry EU, Nwafor TE, Daniel BM, Ebi SE, Anorue CO, Chukwuka CO, Dido MS. Report of high prevalence of schistosome infection in Biomphalaria snails from a geographic area with no previous prevalence of human schistosomiasis in Nigeria. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105326. [PMID: 31891709 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous study using the traditional method of screening snails for infection reported shedding of Schistosoma cercaria by Biomphalaria snails from a river in Nkalagu, southeastern Nigeria. This is contrary to published reports that Biomphalaria from this part of the country does not shed schistosome cercaria. Here, we employed the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to screen and characterize the Biomphalaria snails from Nkalagu. Snails were collected from the River Uzuru in dry season, identified and subjected to molecular assays. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from whole tissues of the 212 Biomphalaria snails and amplified using conventional PCR to check for the schistosome infection level. Assay for the detection of S. mansoni infection was further done using a nested PCR (nPCR). We amplified the entire internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions from gDNA of the 212 snails. The representative samples were sequenced and subjected to BLAST searches to confirm snail species. Of the 212 snails screened, 164 (77.4%) of the snails were infected with schistosomes, but only 16 (9.76%) of the snails were positive for S. mansoni infection. Amplification of the snails' ITS2 region yielded a product of 460 bp, and BLAST searches confirmed the snails to be B. pfeifferi, and BLAST searches confirmed the snails to be B. pfeifferi. This paper reports for the first time the presence of S. mansoni positive B. pfeifferi in Nkalagu, which suggest there may be cases of intestinal schistosomiasis in this part of Nigeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu C Okeke
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Olaoluwa P Akinwale
- Molecular Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Patience O Ubachukwu
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Pam V Gyang
- Molecular Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel U Henry
- Molecular Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Timothy E Nwafor
- Molecular Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bilkisu M Daniel
- Molecular Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sowechi E Ebi
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chioma O Anorue
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Christian O Chukwuka
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Mann S Dido
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hailegebriel T, Nibret E, Munshea A. Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in Snail Intermediate Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Trop Med 2020; 2020:8850840. [PMID: 32963554 PMCID: PMC7492904 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8850840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in Africa. These schistosome parasites use freshwater snail intermediate hosts to complete their lifecycle. Varied prevalence rates of these parasites in the snail intermediate hosts were reported from several African countries, but there were no summarized data for policymakers. Therefore, this study was aimed to systematically summarize the prevalence and geographical distribution of S. mansoni and S. haematobium among freshwater snails in Africa. METHODS Literature search was carried out from PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus which reported the prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium among freshwater snails in Africa. The pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effect model, while heterogeneities between studies were evaluated by I 2 test. The meta-analyses were conducted using Stata software, metan command. RESULTS A total of 273,643 snails were examined for the presence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium cercaria in the eligible studies. The pooled prevalence of schistosome cercaria among freshwater snails was 5.5% (95% CI: 4.9-6.1%). The pooled prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium cercaria was 5.6% (95% CI: 4.9-6.3%) and 5.2% (95% CI: 4.6-5.7%), respectively. The highest pooled prevalence was observed from Nigeria (19.0%; 95% CI: 12.7-25.3%), while the lowest prevalence was reported from Chad (0.05%; 95% CI: 0.03-0.13). Higher prevalence of schistosome cercaria was observed from Bulinus globosus (12.3%; 95% CI: 6.2-18.3%) followed by Biomphalaria sudanica (6.7%; 95% CI: 4.5-9.0%) and Biomphalaria pfeifferi (5.1%; 95% CI: 4.1-6.2%). The pooled prevalence of schistosome cercaria obtained using PCR was 26.7% in contrast to 4.5% obtained by shedding cercariae. CONCLUSION This study revealed that nearly 6% of freshwater snails in Africa were infected by either S. haematobium or S. mansoni. The high prevalence of schistosomes among freshwater snails highlights the importance of appropriate snail control strategies in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Hailegebriel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Nibret
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abaineh Munshea
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abe EM, Tambo E, Xue J, Xu J, Ekpo UF, Rollinson D, Yang K, Li SZ, Zhou XN. Approaches in scaling up schistosomiasis intervention towards transmission elimination in Africa: Leveraging from the Chinese experience and lessons. Acta Trop 2020; 208:105379. [PMID: 32006521 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum, differs from the African species including S. mansoni and S. haematobium, is a zoonotic parasite as it infects both human and animals including domestic ruminant animals such as cattle and animals from the wild. Considering China's success story in the elimination of schistosomiasis, the China-Africa collaboration on schistosomaisis elimination in Africa is an important cooperative health development initiative. This review examines the importance of China-Africa collaboration on schistosomiasis elimination using effective surveillance-response intervention strategy as the platform to effectively drive the elimination of schistosomiasis in Africa. Three conclusions were made after reviewing the similarity and differences in schistososmiasis control programmes between China and African continent as follows: (i) Politically, China's lessons is that leveraging on the integrated control strategies and the recognition that schistosomiasis is a public health problem which prompted the interest of government in China. It is necessary for African leaders and governments to recognize schistosomiasis as a public health challenge that must be given serious attention in terms of funding and setting up frameworks to complement control efforts. (ii) Technically, efficient monitoring and surveillance system mechanism will facilitate contextual and effective management of schistosomiasis elimination across different environment, and African programme managers should embrace the use of appropriate diagnostic tools to guide treatment strategies at different thresholds of schistosomiasis control. (iii) Strategically, effective control of snail intermediate hosts and precision mapping of snail distribution should be prioritized for successful schistosomiasis elimination in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eniola M Abe
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - E Tambo
- Département de Biochimie et Science Pharmaceutiques, Université des Montagnes, Bagangté, République du Cameroon.
| | - Jingbo Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Uwem F Ekpo
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata Road, Abeokuta, 110001, Nigeria.
| | - David Rollinson
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Kun Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Koudenoukpo ZC, Odountan OH, Bocxlaer BV, Sablon R, Chikou A, Backeljau T. Checklist of the fresh and brackish water snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Bénin and adjacent West African ecoregions. Zookeys 2020; 942:21-64. [PMID: 32612441 PMCID: PMC7316818 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.942.52722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently no comprehensive checklist of fresh and brackish water gastropods from Bénin exists, and those for adjacent West African areas are outdated. Yet, such checklists provide essential biodiversity information and a consistent taxonomic and nomenclatural framework for that biodiversity. Here a first checklist of the fresh and brackish water gastropods from Bénin and adjacent West African ecoregions is presented, based on an extensive literature review and field surveys between September 2014 and June 2019 in six major fresh and brackish water ecosystems in Bénin. This inventory includes information on synonymy, species distribution in West Africa, habitats, and conservation status. The fresh and brackish water gastropod fauna includes 60 species, belonging to 28 genera and 16 families. Pachychilidae, Ampullariidae, Neritidae, and Bulinidae were the most diverse families with 9, 8, 7, and 7 species, respectively. However, literature and field data indicated that 23 species observed in West African basins that extend to Bénin do not occur in the territory of Bénin. These species were not detected in our field surveys, most likely because they are rare at collecting sites. Of the 60 species included, five are classified as “Data Deficient”, 43 as “Least Concern”, two as “Nearly Threatened”, one as “Vulnerable”, and six as “Endangered” by the IUCN, whereas the remaining three species were not evaluated. Because the taxonomy of fresh and brackish water gastropods in West Africa is still largely based on morphology, comparative molecular and taxonomic studies may result in substantial revisions of this checklist over the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinsou Cosme Koudenoukpo
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.,Biodiversité et Ressources en Eau-Benin (BioREB-ONG), 01 BP 1442, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Olaniran Hamed Odountan
- Laboratory of Ecology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.,Cercle d'Action pour la Protection de l'Environnement et de la Biodiversité (CAPE BIO-ONG), Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | | | - Rose Sablon
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Chikou
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Thierry Backeljau
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Awosolu OB, Shariman YZ, Haziqah M. T. F, Olusi TA. Will Nigerians Win the War Against Urinary Schistosomiasis? Prevalence, Intensity, Risk Factors and Knowledge Assessment among Some Rural Communities in Southwestern Nigeria. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020128. [PMID: 32079189 PMCID: PMC7168148 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary schistosomiasis is a devastating parasitic disease in Nigeria. This study was carried out to investigate the current prevalence, intensity, risk factors and knowledge assessment among some rural communities in southwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which a standard urine filtrations technique was used to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection. A well-designed questionnaire was used to collect subject's data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Of the total 620 urine samples examined, overall 346 (55.81%) were positive with a mean egg intensity (S.D) of 65.60 (59.33) egg/10 mL of urine. Significant differences occurred in the analysis. Males had the highest prevalence and intensity of 224 (61.9%) and 69.20 egg/10 mL of urine, respectively. The 10-14 years age group had the highest prevalence of 65.9% while mean intensity of infection among the age group decreases with increasing age, with the highest mean intensity of infection (80.14 egg/10 mL) recorded among the age group ≤ 4 years. Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being age group 10-14 (COR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09-0.79) and dependent on river (COR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.33-1.33) increased the odd of contracting an infection. Similarly, the knowledge of respondents on urinary schistosomiasis was low. Conclusively, urinary schistosomiasis is still persistent at a very high rate in the study area and appropriate control measure should be deployed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun B. Awosolu
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia; (Y.Z.S.); (F.H.M.T.)
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, Nigeria;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Yahaya Z. Shariman
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia; (Y.Z.S.); (F.H.M.T.)
| | - Farah Haziqah M. T.
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia; (Y.Z.S.); (F.H.M.T.)
| | - Titus A. Olusi
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, Nigeria;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nelwan ML. Schistosomiasis: Life Cycle, Diagnosis, and Control. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2019; 91:5-9. [PMID: 31372189 PMCID: PMC6658823 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three main schistosomiasis species can infect humans; S. haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mansoni. The parasites life cycle includes two kind of reproduction; asexual reproduction in snails and sexual reproduction in mammals. Multiple diagnostic techniques are used. Currently praziquantel is the only drug therapy approved for control of schistosomiasis but other promising candidate drugs (e.g. SpAE, and ruthenium compounds) are being tested. A number of vaccine candidates exist including SmCB1, SjAChE, and SmCB. Genetic manipulations are being investigated.
Background Human schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood-worms that infect multiple organs, including the liver, intestine, bladder, and urethra. This disease may be eliminated with Praziquantel, vaccines, and gene therapy. Aims In this review, the author describes the progress in a study of schistosomiasis that focused on the life cycle, diagnosis, and control. Methodology The author searched the PubMed Database at NCBI for articles on schistosomiasis published between 2014 and 2018. All articles were open access and in English. Results The life cycle of this parasites involve two hosts: snails and mammals. Manifestations of schistosomiasis can be acute or chronic. Clinical manifestations of acute schistosomiasis can include fever and headache. Symptoms of chronic infections can include dysuria and hyperplasia. Infection can occur in several sites including the bile ducts, intestine, and bladder. The different sites of infection and symptoms seen are related to which of the species involved. Five species can infect humans. The three most commons are S. haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mansoni. Detection tools for people with schistosomiasis can include the Kato-Katz and PCR. Praziquantel is at present the only effective treatment of this disease. In the future, vaccination or gene therapy may be used. Conclusion Kato-Katz and PCR are tools for detecting schistosomiasis on humans. Praziquantel, diagnosis, vaccines, and gene therapy are useful methods for eliminating schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Nelwan
- Address correspondence to: Department of Animal Science, Nelwan Institution for Human Resource Development, Jl A Yani No. 24, Palu, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abe EM, Guo YH, Shen H, Mutsaka-Makuvaza MJ, Habib MR, Xue JB, Midzi N, Xu J, Li SZ, Zhou XN. Phylogeography of Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Selected African Countries. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:tropicalmed3040127. [PMID: 30572694 PMCID: PMC6306716 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of some schistosome parasites is dependent on the planorbid snail hosts. Bulinus truncatus is important in urinary schistosomiasis epidemiology in Africa. Hence, there is a need to define the snails' phylogeography. This study assessed the population genetic structure of B. truncatus from Giza and Sharkia (Egypt), Barakat (Sudan) and Madziwa, Shamva District (Zimbabwe) using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) markers. COI was sequenced from 94 B. truncatus samples including 38 (Egypt), 36 (Sudan) and 20 (Zimbabwe). However, only 51 ITS 1 sequences were identified from Egypt (28) and Sudan (23) (because of failure in either amplification or sequencing). The unique COI haplotypes of B. truncatus sequences observed were 6, 11, and 6 for Egypt, Sudan, and Zimbabwe, respectively. Also, 3 and 2 unique ITS 1 haplotypes were observed in sequences from Egypt and Sudan respectively. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from Sudan and Zimbabwe indicated high haplotype diversity with 0.768 and 0.784, respectively, while relatively low haplotype diversity was also observed for sequences from Egypt (0.334). The location of populations from Egypt and Sudan on the B. truncatus clade agrees with the location of both countries geographically. The clustering of the Zimbabwe sequences on different locations on the clade can be attributed to individuals with different genotypes within the population. No significant variation was observed within B. truncatus populations from Egypt and Sudan as indicated by the ITS 1 tree. This study investigated the genetic diversity of B. truncatus from Giza and Sharkia (Egypt), Barakat area (Sudan), and Madziwa (Zimbabwe), which is necessary for snail host surveillance in the study areas and also provided genomic data of this important snail species from the sampled countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eniola M Abe
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Yun-Hai Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Haimo Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | | | - Mohamed R Habib
- Medical Malacology Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Jing-Bo Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Nicholas Midzi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe.
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|