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García-García D, Fernández-Martínez B, Bartumeus F, Gómez-Barroso D. Modeling the Regional Distribution of International Travelers in Spain to Estimate Imported Cases of Dengue and Malaria: Statistical Inference and Validation Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e51191. [PMID: 38801767 PMCID: PMC11165286 DOI: 10.2196/51191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the patterns of disease importation through international travel is paramount for effective public health interventions and global disease surveillance. While global airline network data have been used to assist in outbreak prevention and effective preparedness, accurately estimating how these imported cases disseminate locally in receiving countries remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe and understand the regional distribution of imported cases of dengue and malaria upon arrival in Spain via air travel. METHODS We have proposed a method to describe the regional distribution of imported cases of dengue and malaria based on the computation of the "travelers' index" from readily available socioeconomic data. We combined indicators representing the main drivers for international travel, including tourism, economy, and visits to friends and relatives, to measure the relative appeal of each region in the importing country for travelers. We validated the resulting estimates by comparing them with the reported cases of malaria and dengue in Spain from 2015 to 2019. We also assessed which motivation provided more accurate estimates for imported cases of both diseases. RESULTS The estimates provided by the best fitted model showed high correlation with notified cases of malaria (0.94) and dengue (0.87), with economic motivation being the most relevant for imported cases of malaria and visits to friends and relatives being the most relevant for imported cases of dengue. CONCLUSIONS Factual descriptions of the local movement of international travelers may substantially enhance the design of cost-effective prevention policies and control strategies, and essentially contribute to decision-support systems. Our approach contributes in this direction by providing a reliable estimate of the number of imported cases of nonendemic diseases, which could be generalized to other applications. Realistic risk assessments will be obtained by combining this regional predictor with the observed local distribution of vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-García
- Department of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Biomedical Network Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Biomedical Network Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederic Bartumeus
- Group of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes, Spanish Research Council, Blanes, Spain
- Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Gómez-Barroso
- Department of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Biomedical Network Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Fu L, Yang Q, Liu X, He L. Risk assessment of infectious disease epidemic based on fuzzy Bayesian network. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:40-53. [PMID: 37038093 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevention and control of infectious disease epidemic (IDE) is an important task for every country and region. Risk assessment is significant for the prevention and control of IDE. Fuzzy Bayesian networks (FBN) can capture complex causality and uncertainty. The study developed a novel FBN model, integrating grounded theory, interpretive structural model, and expert weight determination algorithm for the risk assessment of IDE. The algorithm is proposed by the authors for expert weighting in fuzzy environment. The proposed FBN model comprehensively takes into account the risk factors and the interaction among them, and quantifies the uncertainty of IDE risk assessment, so as to make the assessment results more reliable. Taking the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in Wuhan as a case, the application of the proposed model is illustrated. And sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the important risk factors of IDE. Moreover, the effectiveness of the model is checked by the three-criterion-based quantitative validation method including variation connection, consistent effect, and cumulative limitation. Results show that the probability of the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan is as high as 82.26%, which is well-matched with the actual situation. "Information transfer mechanism," "coordination and cooperation among various personnel," "population flow," and "ability of quarantine" are key risk factors. The constructed model meets the above three criteria. The application potential and effectiveness of the developed FBN model are demonstrated. The study provides decision support for preventing and controlling IDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Fu
- College of Emergency Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling He
- School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Lu G, Zhao L, Chai L, Cao Y, Chong Z, Liu K, Lu Y, Zhu G, Xia P, Müller O, Zhu G, Cao J. Assessing the risk of malaria local transmission and re-introduction in China from pre-elimination to elimination: A systematic review. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107082. [PMID: 38008371 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the risk of malaria local transmission and re-introduction is crucial for the preparation and implementation of an effective elimination campaign and the prevention of malaria re-introduction in China. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the risk factors for malaria local transmission and re-introduction in China over the period of pre-elimination to elimination. Data were obtained from six databases searched for studies that assessed malaria local transmission risk before malaria elimination and re-introduction risk after the achievement of malaria elimination in China since the launch of the NMEP in 2010, employing the keywords "malaria" AND ("transmission" OR "re-introduction") and their synonyms. A total of 8,124 articles were screened and 53 articles describing 55 malaria risk assessment models in China from 2010 to 2023, including 40 models assessing malaria local transmission risk (72.7%) and 15 models assessing malaria re-introduction risk (27.3%). Factors incorporated in the 55 models were extracted and classified into six categories, including environmental and meteorological factors (39/55, 70.9%), historical epidemiology (35/55, 63.6%), vectorial factors (32/55, 58.2%), socio-demographic information (15/26, 53.8%), factors related to surveillance and response capacity (18/55, 32.7%), and population migration aspects (13/55, 23.6%). Environmental and meteorological factors as well as vectorial factors were most commonly incorporated in models assessing malaria local transmission risk (29/40, 72.5% and 21/40, 52.5%) and re-introduction risk (10/15, 66.7% and 11/15, 73.3%). Factors related to surveillance and response capacity and population migration were also important in malaria re-introduction risk models (9/15, 60%, and 6/15, 40.0%). A total of 18 models (18/55, 32.7%) reported the modeling performance. Only six models were validated internally and five models were validated externally. Of 53 incorporated studies, 45 studies had a quality assessment score of seven and above. Environmental and meteorological factors as well as vectorial factors play a significant role in malaria local transmission and re-introduction risk assessment. The factors related to surveillance and response capacity and population migration are more important in assessing malaria re-introduction risk. The internal and external validation of the existing models needs to be strengthened in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Lu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liying Chai
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Zeyin Chong
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Nanjing Health and Customs Quarantine Office, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Olaf Müller
- Institute of Global Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoding Zhu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Liang J, Zou G, Gu C, Tao S, Guo L, Tang C, Zhang J, Deng Z, Chen Y. Study on skin infection model of Staphylococcus aureus based on analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16327. [PMID: 37287617 PMCID: PMC10241873 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Infectious skin diseases are a type of inflammatory skin lesions caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Because of the uncertainty of methodology, the skin infection model usually have low replication rate and lack of good evaluation system. We aimed to establish multi-index and comprehensive evaluation method for Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) skin-infection models through Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi method, and screen high quality animal models through it. Materials and methods Firstly, the evaluation indicators of skin infection were collected basing on literature research. The weight of the evaluation indicators were decided according to AHP and Delphi method. Then different ulcer models (mouse or rat) infected by S. aureus were selected as the research objects. Results The evaluation indicators were classified into four groups of criteria (including ten sub-indicators) and given different weights, physical sign changes (0.0518), skin lesion appearance (0.2934), morphological observation (0.3184), etiological examination (0.3364). Through the evaluation system, we screened and found that the mouse ulcer model which caused by a round wound and 1.0 × 1010 CFU/mL (0.1 mL) bacterial concentration got the highest comprehensive score, and also found that the model which caused by a 1.5 cm-round wound and 1.0 × 1010 CFU/mL (0.2 mL) maybe the best rat ulcer model. Conclusions This study has established an evaluation system based on AHP and Delphi method, also provided the best skin ulcer models selected by this system, the models are suitable for disease research and drug development research of skin ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guofa Zou
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chiming Gu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuhong Tao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Libing Guo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunping Tang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zujun Deng
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanfen Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangzhou, PR China
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Shi Y, Sun S, Deng J, Liu S, Yin T, Peng Q, Gong Z, Cheng Z, Zhou B. Establishment and Application of an Index System for the Risk of Drug Shortages in China: Based on Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:2860-2868. [PMID: 35297233 PMCID: PMC10105199 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the avoidance of drug shortages mainly relies on expert experience. This study aimed to establish an evaluation index system for the risk of drug shortages in medical institutions in China and to apply the system to guide the graded management of drugs in short supply. METHODS A two-round Delphi process was conducted to determine the indicators in the index system. The weight value of each indicator was calculated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods. The data of drugs in short supply from January 1 to December 31, 2020 in Hunan province were collected and evaluated using this index system. The evaluation scores, which ranged from 0 to 100, were calculated. RESULTS A three-level index system with four first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 36 third-level indicators was constructed by the two rounds of the Delphi process. The expert authority coefficient (Cr) of the first and second rounds of consultation were 0.88 and 0.90, respectively. The Kendall's coefficients of concordance (Kendall's W) for the two rounds of consultation were 0.44 and 0.50, respectively (P<.05). For the first-level indicators 'supply stability,' 'causes of shortage,' 'medicine availability in medical institution' and 'pharmaceutical properties,' the weight values were 0.3253, 0.2489, 0.2398, and 0.1860, respectively. Based on the risk evaluation score, drugs (dosage strength) at high risk of shortage included sodium thiosulfate (0.64 g), posterior pituitary lobe hormones (1 mL:6 IU), protamine sulfate (5 mL:50 mg), thrombin (500 U), urokinase (10 WU), and rotundine sulfate (2 mL:60 mg). CONCLUSION An indexed system for the risk assessment of drug shortages in China was established to guide the graded response to drug shortages in medical institutions and the implementation of differential management strategies to address these shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, China
| | - Shusen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfeld, MA, USA
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, China
| | - Qilin Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, China
| | - Zihua Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, China
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Young AJ, Eaton W, Worges M, Hiruy H, Maxwell K, Audu BM, Marasciulo M, Nelson C, Tibenderana J, Abeku TA. A practical approach for geographic prioritization and targeting of insecticide-treated net distribution campaigns during public health emergencies and in resource-limited settings. Malar J 2022; 21:10. [PMID: 34983558 PMCID: PMC8724754 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-04028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of data in targeting malaria control efforts is essential for optimal use of resources. This work provides a practical mechanism for prioritizing geographic areas for insecticide-treated net (ITN) distribution campaigns in settings with limited resources. METHODS A GIS-based weighted approach was adopted to categorize and rank administrative units based on data that can be applied in various country contexts where Plasmodium falciparum transmission is reported. Malaria intervention and risk factors were used to rank local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria for prioritization during mass ITN distribution campaigns. Each factor was assigned a unique weight that was obtained through application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The weight was then multiplied by a value based on natural groupings inherent in the data, or the presence or absence of a given intervention. Risk scores for each factor were then summated to generate a composite unique risk score for each LGA. This risk score was translated into a prioritization map which ranks each LGA from low to high priority in terms of timing of ITN distributions. RESULTS A case study using data from Nigeria showed that a major component that influenced the prioritization scheme was ITN access. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that changes to the methodology used to quantify ITN access did not modify outputs substantially. Some 120 LGAs were categorized as 'extremely high' or 'high' priority when a spatially interpolated ITN access layer was used. When prioritization scores were calculated using DHS-reported state level ITN access, 108 (90.0%) of the 120 LGAs were also categorized as being extremely high or high priority. The geospatial heterogeneity found among input risk factors suggests that a range of variables and covariates should be considered when using data to inform ITN distributions. CONCLUSION The authors provide a tool for prioritizing regions in terms of timing of ITN distributions. It serves as a base upon which a wider range of vector control interventions could be targeted. Its value added can be found in its potential for application in multiple country contexts, expediated timeframe for producing outputs, and its use of systematically collected malaria indicators in informing prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Young
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Will Eaton
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matt Worges
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Honelgn Hiruy
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Li Y, Hu T, Gai X, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Transmission Dynamics, Heterogeneity and Controllability of SARS-CoV-2: A Rural-Urban Comparison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5221. [PMID: 34068947 PMCID: PMC8156721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in rural areas and clarified rural-urban differences. Moreover, the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) relative to vaccination in rural areas is uncertain. We addressed this knowledge gap through using an improved statistical stochastic method based on the Galton-Watson branching process, considering both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Data included 1136 SARS-2-CoV infections of the rural outbreak in Hebei, China, and 135 infections of the urban outbreak in Tianjin, China. We reconstructed SARS-CoV-2 transmission chains and analyzed the effectiveness of vaccination and NPIs by simulation studies. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 showed strong heterogeneity in urban and rural areas, with the dispersion parameters k = 0.14 and 0.35, respectively (k < 1 indicating strong heterogeneity). Although age group and contact-type distributions significantly differed between urban and rural areas, the average reproductive number (R) and k did not. Further, simulation results based on pre-control parameters (R = 0.81, k = 0.27) showed that in the vaccination scenario (80% efficacy and 55% coverage), the cumulative secondary infections will be reduced by more than half; however, NPIs are more effective than vaccinating 65% of the population. These findings could inform government policies regarding vaccination and NPIs in rural and urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Taojun Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xin Gai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yunjun Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Guo XJ, Zhang H, Zeng YP. Transmissibility of COVID-19 in 11 major cities in China and its association with temperature and humidity in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:87. [PMID: 32650838 PMCID: PMC7348130 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 began in December 2019 and has spread rapidly by human-to-human transmission. This study evaluated the transmissibility of the infectious disease and analyzed its association with temperature and humidity to study the propagation pattern of COVID-19. METHODS In this study, we revised the reported data in Wuhan based on several assumptions to estimate the actual number of confirmed cases considering that perhaps not all cases could be detected and reported in the complex situation there. Then we used the equation derived from the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model to calculate R0 from January 24, 2020 to February 13, 2020 in 11 major cities in China for comparison. With the calculation results, we conducted correlation analysis and regression analysis between R0 and temperature and humidity for four major cities in China to see the association between the transmissibility of COVID-19 and the weather variables. RESULTS It was estimated that the cumulative number of confirmed cases had exceeded 45 000 by February 13, 2020 in Wuhan. The average R0 in Wuhan was 2.7, significantly higher than those in other cities ranging from 1.8 to 2.4. The inflection points in the cities outside Hubei Province were between January 30, 2020 and February 3, 2020, while there had not been an obvious downward trend of R0 in Wuhan. R0 negatively correlated with both temperature and humidity, which was significant at the 0.01 level. CONCLUSIONS The transmissibility of COVID-19 was strong and importance should be attached to the intervention of its transmission especially in Wuhan. According to the correlation between R0 and weather, the spread of disease will be suppressed as the weather warms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Guo
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
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Guo XJ, Zhang H, Zeng YP. Transmissibility of COVID-19 in 11 major cities in China and its association with temperature and humidity in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:87. [PMID: 32650838 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-17715/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 began in December 2019 and has spread rapidly by human-to-human transmission. This study evaluated the transmissibility of the infectious disease and analyzed its association with temperature and humidity to study the propagation pattern of COVID-19. METHODS In this study, we revised the reported data in Wuhan based on several assumptions to estimate the actual number of confirmed cases considering that perhaps not all cases could be detected and reported in the complex situation there. Then we used the equation derived from the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model to calculate R0 from January 24, 2020 to February 13, 2020 in 11 major cities in China for comparison. With the calculation results, we conducted correlation analysis and regression analysis between R0 and temperature and humidity for four major cities in China to see the association between the transmissibility of COVID-19 and the weather variables. RESULTS It was estimated that the cumulative number of confirmed cases had exceeded 45 000 by February 13, 2020 in Wuhan. The average R0 in Wuhan was 2.7, significantly higher than those in other cities ranging from 1.8 to 2.4. The inflection points in the cities outside Hubei Province were between January 30, 2020 and February 3, 2020, while there had not been an obvious downward trend of R0 in Wuhan. R0 negatively correlated with both temperature and humidity, which was significant at the 0.01 level. CONCLUSIONS The transmissibility of COVID-19 was strong and importance should be attached to the intervention of its transmission especially in Wuhan. According to the correlation between R0 and weather, the spread of disease will be suppressed as the weather warms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Guo
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
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