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Koh WQ, Heins P, Flynn A, Mahmoudi Asl A, Garcia L, Malinowsky C, Brorsson A. Bridging gaps in the design and implementation of socially assistive technologies for dementia care: the role of occupational therapy. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:595-603. [PMID: 35972877 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a global health challenge, and people living with dementia (PLWD) are especially susceptible to reduced engagement in meaningful occupations, including social participation. In the past few decades, socially assistive technologies continue to be developed amidst a rapidly evolving technological landscape to support the social health of PLWD and their caregivers. Examples include social robots, virtual reality, smart home technology, and various digital technologies, such as mobile applications for tablets and smartphones. Despite an increasing body of research and interest in this field, several gaps relating to the design and implementation process of socially assistive technologies continue to undermine their relevance for PLWD in daily life. In this paper, some of these gaps are highlighted and the role of occupational therapy in the design and implementation of socially assistive technology is presented. In the design process, occupational therapists are uniquely skilled to advise and advocate for the tailoring and personalisation of technology to address the occupational needs of PLWD. In the implementation of socially assistive technologies, occupational therapists are skilled to educate, train, and conduct ongoing evaluations with PLWD and their caregivers, to incorporate socially assistive technologies into their routine and daily lives. We recommend that occupational therapists should continue to be acquainted with such technologies through continuous professional development and educational curricula. Moreover, we highlight the necessary collaboration between occupational therapists, technology developers, and researchers to enhance the process of designing and implementing socially assistive technology, so that their relevance for PLWD and their caregivers can be maximised.Implications for rehabilitationDevelopers and designers of socially assistive technology should consider the disease trajectory of different types of dementia, as well as the different needs, abilities, preferences, occupations and routines of people living with dementia (PLWD) and/or their caregivers.Collaborations between technology developers, researchers, and occupational therapists should take place iteratively throughout the process of designing and implementing socially assistive technology to maximise their relevance and applicability for people living with dementia and their caregivers.To continue enhancing the current role of occupational therapy in socially assistive technology provision, occupational therapists should keep up to date with socially assistive technology that are being developed to support the social health of PLWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Koh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Nursing, Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pascale Heins
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aysan Mahmoudi Asl
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lesley Garcia
- Department of Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Camilla Malinowsky
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Brorsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Huddinge, Sweden
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Lin CC, Yang CT, Su PL, Hsu JL, Shyu YIL, Hsu WC. Implementation difficulties and solutions for a smart-clothes assisted home nursing care program for older adults with dementia or recovering from hip fracture. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38475812 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearable devices have the advantage of always being with individuals, enabling easy detection of their movements. Smart clothing can provide feedback to family caregivers of older adults with disabilities who require in-home care. METHODS This study describes the process of setting up a smart technology-assisted (STA) home-nursing care program, the difficulties encountered, and strategies applied to improve the program. The STA program utilized a smart-vest, designed specifically for older persons with dementia or recovering from hip-fracture surgery. The smart-vest facilitated nurses' and family caregivers' detection of a care receiver's movements via a remote-monitoring system. Movements included getting up at night, time spent in the bathroom, duration of daytime immobility, leaving the house, and daily activity. Twelve caregivers of older adults and their care receiver participated; care receivers included persons recovering from hip fracture (n = 5) and persons living with dementia (n = 7). Data about installation of the individual STA in-home systems, monitoring, and technical difficulties encountered were obtained from researchers' reports. Qualitative data about the caregivers' and care receivers' use of the system were obtained from homecare nurses' reports, which were explored with thematic analysis. RESULTS Compiled reports from the research team identified three areas of difficulty with the system: incompatibility with the home environment, which caused extra hours of manpower and added to the cost of set-up and maintenance; interruptions in data transmissions, due to system malfunctions; and inaccuracies in data transmissions, due to sensors on the smart-vest. These difficulties contributed to frustration experienced by caregivers and care receivers. CONCLUSIONS The difficulties encountered impeded implementation of the STA home nursing care. Each of these difficulties had their own unique problems and strategies to resolve them. Our findings can provide a reference for future implementation of similar smart-home systems, which could facilitate ease-of-use for family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chih Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ching-Tzu Yang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Pei-Ling Su
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jung-Ling Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yea-Ing L Shyu
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
- Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
- Department of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Kokorelias KM, Grigorovich A, Harris MT, Rehman U, Ritchie L, Levy A, Denecke K, McMurray J. Coadaptation Between Smart Technologies and Older Adults Over Time: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e51129. [PMID: 37812466 PMCID: PMC10594133 DOI: 10.2196/51129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant attention due to advancements in technology and has potential applications in meeting the needs of an aging population. Smart technologies, a subset of IoT, can support older adults in aging in place, promoting independent living and improving their quality of life. However, there is a lack of research on how older adults and smart technologies coadapt over time to maximize their benefits and sustain adoption. OBJECTIVE We will aim to comprehensively review and analyze the existing scientific literature pertaining to the coadaptation between smart technologies and older adults. The primary focus will be to investigate the extent and nature of this coadaptation process and explore how older adults and technology coevolve over time to enhance older adults' experience with technology. METHODS This scoping review will follow the methodology outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual and adhere to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines for reporting. Peer-reviewed articles will be searched in databases like Ovid MEDLINE, OVID Embase, PEDro, OVID PsycINFO, EBSCO CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus. The research team will create a data extraction form covering study characteristics, participant characteristics, underlying models and frameworks, research findings, implications for technology coadaptation, and any identified study limitations. A directed content analysis approach will be used, incorporating the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation framework and Sex- and Gender-Based Analysis Plus theoretical framework. RESULTS The results of this study are expected in January 2024. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review endeavors to present a thorough overview of the available evidence concerning how smart technologies interact with older adults over an extended period. The insights gained from this review will lay the groundwork for a research program that explores how older adults adapt to and use smart technologies throughout their lives, ultimately leading to improved user satisfaction and experience and facilitating aging in place with tailored support and user-centered design principles. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/51129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Marie Kokorelias
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- National Institute on Ageing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alisa Grigorovich
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Recreation and Leisure Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Maurita T Harris
- User Experience Design, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Umair Rehman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Ritchie
- Alzheimer Scotland Centre for Policy and Practice, University of West Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - AnneMarie Levy
- Lazaridis School of Business & Economics/Community Health, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kerstin Denecke
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Josephine McMurray
- Lazaridis School of Business & Economics/Community Health, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Wei W, Gong X, Li J, Tian K, Xing K. A study on community older people's willingness to use smart home-an extended technology acceptance model with intergenerational relationships. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1139667. [PMID: 37346111 PMCID: PMC10281187 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1139667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the potential of smart home technology to promote sustainable lifestyles, the adoption rate among older adults remains relatively low. This study aims to investigate the influence of intergenerational relationships on the acceptance of smart home services among seniors. Methods A survey was conducted among 298 older adults in China, and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Ten predictor variables were examined to assess their impact on the willingness to use smart home services. Results Intergenerational relationships significantly influenced the utilization of smart home services among older adults. Specifically, intergenerational instrumental support had a direct positive effect on the behavioral intention to use smart homes. Additionally, intergenerational emotional and financial support affected life satisfaction, which subsequently influenced the behavioral intention to use smart homes. Discussion The assistance and guidance provided by younger generations play a crucial role in shaping the willingness of older adults to adopt smart home technology. Intergenerational support can contribute positively to enabling aging individuals to age in place through the utilization of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wei
- School of Animation and Digital Media Arts, Communication University of Shanxi, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Gong
- School of Design and Arts, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Animation and Digital Media Arts, Communication University of Shanxi, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Kun Tian
- School of Animation and Digital Media Arts, Communication University of Shanxi, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai Xing
- School of Animation and Digital Media Arts, Communication University of Shanxi, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
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Sorwar G, Aggar C, Penman O, Seton C, Ward A. Factors that predict the acceptance and adoption of smart home technology by seniors in Australia: a structural equation model with longitudinal data. Inform Health Soc Care 2023; 48:80-94. [PMID: 35473463 DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2022.2069028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Smart Home Technology presents an exciting opportunity to support seniors living independently in their homes. Despite widespread interest in Smart Homes, seniors' readiness to adopt Smart Home Technology is low. To determine the factors underpinning Australian seniors' acceptance and adoption of Smart Home Technology using an extended UTAUT model that includes Trust, Resistance to Change and Technology Anxiety. A longitudinal study was conducted to validate the proposed model prior to and after the implementation of a pilot Smart Home Modification program for seniors. Structural Equation Modeling has been applied to test the proposed hypotheses using a sample of 60 seniors in regional Australia. Perceived Usefulness is an important predictor of Smart Home Technology adoption by seniors. Trust was found to indirectly predict adoption of Smart Home Technology via Perceived Usefulness. This study showed that Perceived Usefulness and Trust are critical factors for the acceptance and use of SHT by seniors, validating the extension of UTAUT with a Trust factor. This makes a unique theoretical contribution to the literature with implications for aged care providers and policymakers to consider seniors' perceived usefulness and trust in the design, development, and implementation of Smart Home solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Sorwar
- Southern Cross University, School of Science and Engineering, Coolangatta, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christina Aggar
- Southern Cross University, School of Health and Human Sciences, Coolangatta, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olivia Penman
- Southern Cross University, School of Health and Human Sciences, Coolangatta, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carolyn Seton
- Southern Cross University, School of Science and Engineering, Coolangatta, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anastasia Ward
- Southern Cross University, School of Health and Human Sciences, Coolangatta, Queensland, Australia.,Feros Care Ltd, Coolangatta, Queensland, Australia
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Almalki M, Alsulami MH, Alshdadi AA, Almuayqil SN, Alsaqer MS, Atkins AS, Choukou MA. Delivering Digital Healthcare for Elderly: A Holistic Framework for the Adoption of Ambient Assisted Living. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16760. [PMID: 36554640 PMCID: PMC9779582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adoption of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) technologies for geriatric healthcare is suboptimal. This study aims to present the AAL Adoption Diamond Framework, encompassing a set of key enablers/barriers as factors, and describe our approach to developing this framework. A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. SCOPUS, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, ACM Digital Library, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library and grey literature were searched. Thematic analysis was performed to identify factors reported or perceived to be important for adopting AAL technologies. Of 3717 studies initially retrieved, 109 were thoroughly screened and 52 met our inclusion criteria. Nineteen unique technology adoption factors were identified. The most common factor was privacy (50%) whereas data accuracy and affordability were the least common factors (4%). The highest number of factors found per a given study was eleven whereas the average number of factors across all studies included in our sample was four (mean = 3.9). We formed an AAL technology adoption framework based on the retrieved information and named it the AAL Adoption Diamond Framework. This holistic framework was formed by organising the identified technology adoption factors into four key dimensions: Human, Technology, Business, and Organisation. To conclude, the AAL Adoption Diamond Framework is holistic in term of recognizing key factors for the adoption of AAL technologies, and novel and unmatched in term of structuring them into four overarching themes or dimensions, bringing together the individual and the systemic factors evolving around the adoption of AAL technology. This framework is useful for stakeholders (e.g., decision-makers, healthcare providers, and caregivers) to adopt and implement AAL technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Almalki
- College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saleh N. Almuayqil
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Alsaqer
- College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony S. Atkins
- School of Computing and Digital Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK
| | - Mohamed-Amine Choukou
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Hong YK, Wang ZY, Cho JY. Global Research Trends on Smart Homes for Older Adults: Bibliometric and Scientometric Analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14821. [PMID: 36429540 PMCID: PMC9690352 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing aging population across the world signifies the importance of smart homes equipped with appropriate technology for the safety and health of older adults. Well-designed smart homes can increase the desire of older adults' aging-in-place and bring economic benefits to the country by reducing budgets for care providers. To obtain a structural overview and provide significant insights into the characteristics of smart homes for older adults, this study conducted bibliometric and scientometric analyses. We used the Web of Science Core Collection database, searching for keywords "smart home*", "home automation", or "domotics" with terms related to older adults, resulting in a total of 1408 documents. VOSviewer software was used to map and visualize the documents. The results showed that research on smart homes for older adults began appearing from 1997 and increased steadily, peaking from 2015. The main research areas were technical engineering fields, such as computer science and engineering, telecommunications with minimal research in humanities, social sciences, and design, indicating the necessity to expand research toward a human-centered perspective, age-friendly technology, and convergence study.
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Street J, Barrie H, Eliott J, Carolan L, McCorry F, Cebulla A, Phillipson L, Prokopovich K, Hanson-Easey S, Burgess T. Older Adults’ Perspectives of Smart Technologies to Support Aging at Home: Insights from Five World Café Forums. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137817. [PMID: 35805477 PMCID: PMC9266000 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Globally, there is an urgent need for solutions that can support our aging populations to live well and reduce the associated economic, social and health burdens. Implementing smart technologies within homes and communities may assist people to live well and ‘age in place’. To date, there has been little consultation with older Australians addressing either the perceived benefits, or the potential social and ethical challenges associated with smart technology use. To address this, we conducted five World Cafés in two Australian states, aiming to capture citizen knowledge about the possibilities and challenges of smart technologies. The participants (n = 84) were aged 55 years and over, English-speaking, and living independently. Grounding our analysis in values-based social science and biomedical ethical principles, we identified the themes reflecting the participants’ understanding, resistance, and acceptance of smart technologies, and the ethical principles, including beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, privacy, confidentiality, and justice. Similar to other studies, many of the participants demonstrated cautious and conditional acceptance of smart technologies, while identifying concerns about social isolation, breaches of privacy and confidentiality, surveillance, and stigmatization. Attention to understanding and incorporating the values of older citizens will be important for the acceptance and effectiveness of smart technologies for supporting independent and full lives for older citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Street
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 4, Rundle Mall Plaza, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.E.); (S.H.-E.); (T.B.)
- Australian Centre for Engagement, Evidence and Values, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (L.C.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-432943641
| | - Helen Barrie
- Centre for Markets, Values and Inclusion, UniSA City West Campus, University of South Australia, Way Lee Building, Adelaide 2072, Australia;
| | - Jaklin Eliott
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 4, Rundle Mall Plaza, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.E.); (S.H.-E.); (T.B.)
| | - Lucy Carolan
- Australian Centre for Engagement, Evidence and Values, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (L.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Fidelma McCorry
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Level 5, Adelaide Health & Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
| | - Andreas Cebulla
- Australian Industrial Transformation Institute, College of Business, Government and Law, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
| | - Lyn Phillipson
- Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia;
| | - Kathleen Prokopovich
- Australian Centre for Engagement, Evidence and Values, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (L.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Scott Hanson-Easey
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 4, Rundle Mall Plaza, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.E.); (S.H.-E.); (T.B.)
| | - Teresa Burgess
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 4, Rundle Mall Plaza, 50 Rundle Mall, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.E.); (S.H.-E.); (T.B.)
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Owens OL, Beer JM. Human Factors and Ergonomics Considerations for Aging-in-Place Part 2: The Intersection of Environment and Technology. ERGONOMICS IN DESIGN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10648046221096021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article is part 2 of a two-part series focused on aging-in-place. Aging-in-place is a term that has been increasingly used over the past 40 years to describe the process of remaining in one’s home. In attempt to advance the discussion on the future of aging-in-place, this feature series provides an overview of the grand challenges to aging-in-place with an emphasis on human factors and ergonomics considerations. Part 2 will discuss a variety of ways to conceptualize “place” and describe the need for integrated technology within the home and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otis L. Owens
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jenay M. Beer
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Tannou T, Lihoreau T, Gagnon-Roy M, Grondin M, Bier N. Effectiveness of smart living environments to support older adults to age in place in their community: an umbrella review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054235. [PMID: 35078843 PMCID: PMC8796213 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frailty is a vulnerable condition exposing older adults to incidental adverse health events that negatively impact their quality of life and increase health and social costs. Digital solutions may play a key role in addressing this global problem and in particular, smart living environments. Smart living environments involve a notion of measurement or collection of data via several sensors, capturing the person's behaviours in the home or the person's health status over a long period of time. It thus has great potential for home support for older adults. The objective of this umbrella review will be: (1) to document the effectiveness of smart living environments to support ageing in place for frail older adults and (2) among the reviews assessing the effectiveness of smart living environment, to gather evidence on what factors and strategies were identified as influencing the implementation process. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will include systematic and scoping reviews of both quantitative and qualitative primary studies with or without meta-analysis focusing on assessing the effectiveness of interventions through smart living environments to support older adults in the community to age in place. The literature search will be done through the following biomedical, technological and sociological citation databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO, and quality assessment of the reviews will be done thought AMSTAR2 checklist. The analysis of the results will be presented in narrative form. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Our review will rely exclusively on published data from secondary sources and will thus not involve any interactions with human subjects. The results will be presented at international conferences and publications. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021249849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tannou
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
- Inserm CIC 1431, University Hospital of Besançon (CHU), Besançon, France
- Geriatrics department, University Hospital of Besançon (CHU), Besançon, France
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Lihoreau
- Inserm CIC 1431, University Hospital of Besançon (CHU), Besançon, France
| | - Mireille Gagnon-Roy
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Ecole de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myrian Grondin
- Ecole de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bier
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Ecole de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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TV Interaction as a Non-Invasive Sensor for Monitoring Elderly Well-Being at Home. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21206897. [PMID: 34696111 PMCID: PMC8537784 DOI: 10.3390/s21206897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The number of technical solutions to remotely monitoring elderly citizens and detecting hazard situations has been increasing in the last few years. These solutions have dual purposes: to provide a feeling of safety to the elderly and to inform their relatives about potential risky situations, such as falls, forgotten medication, and other unexpected deviations from daily routine. Most of these solutions are based on IoT (Internet of Things) and dedicated sensors that need to be installed at the elderly’s houses, hampering mass adoption. This justifies the search for non-invasive technical alternatives with smooth integration that relying only on existent devices, without the need for any additional installations. Therefore, this paper presents the SecurHome TV ecosystem, a technical solution based on the elderly’s interactions with their TV sets—one of the most used devices in their daily lives—acting as a non-invasive sensor enabling one to detect potential hazardous situations through an elaborated warning algorithm. Thus, this paper describes in detail the SecurHome TV ecosystem, with special emphasis on the warning algorithm, and reports on its validation process. We conclude that notwithstanding some constraints while setting the user’s pattern, either upon the cold start of the application or after an innocuous change in the user’s TV routine, the algorithm detects most hazardous situations contributing to monitor elderly well-being at home.
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Pérez-Rodríguez R, Villalba-Mora E, Valdés-Aragonés M, Ferre X, Moral C, Mas-Romero M, Abizanda-Soler P, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Usability, User Experience, and Acceptance Evaluation of CAPACITY: A Technological Ecosystem for Remote Follow-Up of Frailty. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6458. [PMID: 34640777 PMCID: PMC8512153 DOI: 10.3390/s21196458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Frailty predisposes older persons to adverse events, and information and communication technologies can play a crucial role to prevent them. CAPACITY provides a means to remotely monitor variables with high predictive power for adverse events, enabling preventative personalized early interventions. This study aims at evaluating the usability, user experience, and acceptance of a novel mobile system to prevent disability. Usability was assessed using the system usability scale (SUS); user experience using the user experience questionnaire (UEQ); and acceptance with the technology acceptance model (TAM) and a customized quantitative questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline (recruitment), and after three and six months of use. Forty-six participants used CAPACITY for six months; nine dropped out, leaving a final sample of 37 subjects. SUS reached a maximum averaged value of 83.68 after six months of use; no statistically significant values have been found to demonstrate that usability improves with use, probably because of a ceiling effect. UEQ, obtained averages scores higher or very close to 2 in all categories. TAM reached a maximum of 51.54 points, showing an improvement trend. Results indicate the success of the participatory methodology, and support user centered design as a key methodology to design technologies for frail older persons. Involving potential end users and giving them voice during the design stage maximizes usability and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pérez-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Villalba-Mora
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Myriam Valdés-Aragonés
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
- Geriatrics Service, Getafe University Hospital, 28095 Getafe, Spain
| | - Xavier Ferre
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
| | - Cristian Moral
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
| | - Marta Mas-Romero
- Geriatrics Service, Albacete University Hospital, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Pedro Abizanda-Soler
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Geriatrics Service, Albacete University Hospital, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Geriatrics Service, Getafe University Hospital, 28095 Getafe, Spain
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Bacchin D, Pluchino P, Grippaldi AZ, Mapelli D, Spagnolli A, Zanella A, Gamberini L. Smart Co-housing for People With Disabilities: A Preliminary Assessment of Caregivers' Interaction With the DOMHO System. Front Psychol 2021; 12:734180. [PMID: 34539532 PMCID: PMC8446196 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.734180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people with motor and cognitive disabilities face hardships in daily life due to the limited accessibility and inclusiveness of living spaces which limit their autonomy and independence. The DOMHO project deals with these fundamental issues by leveraging an innovative solution: a smart co-housing apartment. Besides, the project aims at exploiting the well know effects of co-housing on individuals' health and well-being in combination with ambient assisted living technologies. The present study focused on the interaction of caregivers with the control application of an integrated smart system. Participants performed different tasks, fill out a questionnaire, and were interviewed. Performance and usability of the user interface, trust in technology, privacy, and attitudes towards home automation were explored. A series of guidelines for domotic technology control interfaces design was identified, and a high level of trust in these advanced tools was shown. Caregivers considered smart technologies as a work aid and a means for enhancing autonomy and life quality for users with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bacchin
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrik Pluchino
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnolli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanella
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Gamberini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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The influence of the built environment in enacting a household model of residential aged care for people living with a mental health condition: A qualitative post-occupancy evaluation. Health Place 2021; 71:102624. [PMID: 34311290 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study undertakes a spatial analysis of an Australian aged care setting where residents receive person-centred support in a specially-designed home-like environment. Focus groups were conducted with staff to explore the impact of the built environment in a new residential aged care setting that has implemented a Household Model of care for people living with mental health conditions. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory and proxemics, we mapped how the built environment supports improved behaviours and care practices in four areas: food preparation and dining, sleep and self-care, site layout, and relationships.
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Panwar N, Sharma S, Wang G, Mehrotra S, Venkatasubramanian N. C
ANOPY. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1145/3390859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the new privacy challenges that arise in smart homes. Specifically, the article focuses on inferring the user’s activities—which may, in turn, lead to the user’s privacy—via inferences through device activities and network traffic analysis. We develop techniques that are based on a cryptographically secure token circulation in a ring network consisting of smart home devices to prevent inferences from device activities, via
device workflow
, i.e., inferences from a coordinated sequence of devices’ actuation. The solution hides the device activity and corresponding channel activities, thus preserving the individual’s activities. We also extend our solution to deal with a large number of devices and devices that produce large-sized data by implementing parallel rings. Our experiments also evaluate the performance in terms of communication overheads of the proposed approach and the obtained privacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Panwar
- Augusta University, and University of California, Irvine
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Jalali N, Sahu KS, Oetomo A, Morita PP. Understanding User Behavior Through the Use of Unsupervised Anomaly Detection: Proof of Concept Using Internet of Things Smart Home Thermostat Data for Improving Public Health Surveillance. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e21209. [PMID: 33185562 PMCID: PMC7695536 DOI: 10.2196/21209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main concerns of public health surveillance is to preserve the physical and mental health of older adults while supporting their independence and privacy. On the other hand, to better assist those individuals with essential health care services in the event of an emergency, their regular activities should be monitored. Internet of Things (IoT) sensors may be employed to track the sequence of activities of individuals via ambient sensors, providing real-time insights on daily activity patterns and easy access to the data through the connected ecosystem. Previous surveys to identify the regular activity patterns of older adults were deficient in the limited number of participants, short period of activity tracking, and high reliance on predefined normal activity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to overcome the aforementioned challenges by performing a pilot study to evaluate the utilization of large-scale data from smart home thermostats that collect the motion status of individuals for every 5-minute interval over a long period of time. METHODS From a large-scale dataset, we selected a group of 30 households who met the inclusion criteria (having at least 8 sensors, being connected to the system for at least 355 days in 2018, and having up to 4 occupants). The indoor activity patterns were captured through motion sensors. We used the unsupervised, time-based, deep neural-network architecture long short-term memory-variational autoencoder to identify the regular activity pattern for each household on 2 time scales: annual and weekday. The results were validated using 2019 records. The area under the curve as well as loss in 2018 were compatible with the 2019 schedule. Daily abnormal behaviors were identified based on deviation from the regular activity model. RESULTS The utilization of this approach not only enabled us to identify the regular activity pattern for each household but also provided other insights by assessing sleep behavior using the sleep time and wake-up time. We could also compare the average time individuals spent at home for the different days of the week. From our study sample, there was a significant difference in the time individuals spent indoors during the weekend versus on weekdays. CONCLUSIONS This approach could enhance individual health monitoring as well as public health surveillance. It provides a potentially nonobtrusive tool to assist public health officials and governments in policy development and emergency personnel in the event of an emergency by measuring indoor behavior while preserving privacy and using existing commercially available thermostat equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Jalali
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kirti Sundar Sahu
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arlene Oetomo
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Plinio Pelegrini Morita
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- eHealth Innovation, Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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A Review of Smart Design Based on Interactive Experience in Building Systems. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12176760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Smart building is the result of the penetration of information technology and control technology into traditional buildings, and is the future development direction of buildings. User-centric building smart design can achieve a sustainable life, and smart technology integration based on smart design can support sustainable development and improve user satisfaction, happiness, and overall quality of life. In intelligent design, researchers focus on the “people-oriented” approach, designed to bring users the ultimate interactive experience. Based on the interactive experience principle of smart design in the smart building system, this article classifies and summarizes intelligent design from the “five senses” interaction, including visual interaction, voice interaction, tactile interaction, cognitive interaction, and emotional interaction. We analyze the application of smart design in architecture and discuss how to embody the principles of user-centered interactive experience design in the process of smart design. This article provides a comprehensive and systematic literature review, clarifies the importance of the “people-oriented” approach in the smart design of buildings, and summarizes how to improve the sustainability of intelligent buildings from the perspective of a “people-oriented” approach. This paper proposes future research suggestions and directions and promotes the sustainable development of the smart building.
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Lee H, Park YR, Kim HR, Kang NY, Oh G, Jang IY, Lee E. Discrepancies in Demand of Internet of Things Services Among Older People and People With Disabilities, Their Caregivers, and Health Care Providers: Face-to-Face Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16614. [PMID: 32293575 PMCID: PMC7191341 DOI: 10.2196/16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home Internet of Things (IoT) services and devices have the potential to aid older adults and people with disabilities in their living environments. IoT services and devices can also aid caregivers and health care providers in conveniently providing care to those in need. However, real-world data on the IoT needs of vulnerable people are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to conduct a face-to-face survey on the demand for IoT services among older people and people with disabilities, their caregivers, and health care providers in a real-world setting and to see if there are any differences in the aspects of need. METHODS We conducted a face-to-face survey with 500 participants between January 2019 and March 2019. A total of 300 vulnerable people (200 older adults aged ≥65 years and 100 physically disabled people aged 30-64 years) were randomly sampled from either a population-based, prospective cohort study of aging-the Aging Study of Pyeongchang Rural Area (ASPRA)-or from the outpatient clinics at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. Simultaneously, their caregivers (n=150) and health care providers (n=50) participated in the survey. Detailed socioeconomic status, digital literacy, health and physical function, and home IoT service needs were determined. Among all commercially available IoT services, 27 services were classified into five categories: emergency and security, safety, health care, convenience (information), and convenience (operation). The weighted-ranking method was used to rank the IoT needs in different groups. RESULTS There were discrepancies in the demand of IoT services among the vulnerable groups, their caregivers, and health care providers. The home IoT service category that was required the most by the vulnerable groups and their caregivers was emergency and security. However, health care providers indicated that the safety category was most needed by the older adults and disabled people. Home IoT service requirements differed according to the different types of disabilities among the vulnerable groups. Participants with fewer disabilities were more willing to use IoT services than those with more disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Our survey study shows that there were discrepancies in the demand of IoT services among the vulnerable groups, their caregivers, and health care providers. IoT service requirements differed according to the various types of disabilities. Home IoT technology should be established by combining patients' priorities and individualized functional assessments among vulnerable people. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS; KCT0004157); https://tinyurl.com/r83eyva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heayon Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Rang Park
- Department of Biomedical System Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Reong Kim
- Department of Biomedical System Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Kang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahee Oh
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lindeman DA, Kim KK, Gladstone C, Apesoa-Varano EC. Technology and Caregiving: Emerging Interventions and Directions for Research. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:S41-S49. [PMID: 32057082 PMCID: PMC7019659 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An array of technology-based interventions has increasingly become available to support family caregivers, primarily focusing on health and well-being, social isolation, financial, and psychological support. More recently the emergence of new technologies such as mobile and cloud, robotics, connected sensors, virtual/augmented/mixed reality, voice, and the evermore ubiquitous tools supported by advanced data analytics, coupled with the integration of multiple technologies through platform solutions, have opened a new era of technology-enabled interventions that can empower and support family caregivers. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for identifying and addressing the challenges that may need to be overcome to effectively apply technology-enabled solutions for family caregivers. The paper identifies a number of challenges that either moderate or mediate the full use of technologies for the benefit of caregivers. The challenges include issues related to equity, inclusion, and access; ethical concerns related to privacy and security; political and regulatory factors affecting interoperability and lack of standards; inclusive/human-centric design and issues; and inherent economic and distribution channel difficulties. The paper concludes with a summary of research questions and issues that form a framework for global research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Lindeman
- Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (CITRIS) and the Banatao Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Katherine K Kim
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, CA
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