Associations of self-repression with disordered eating and symptoms of other psychopathologies for men and women

Temporal and spatial trend analysis of all-cause depression burden based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study

Depression has been reported as one of the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses globally. This study aimed to obtain information on the global burden of depression and its associated spatiotemporal variation, by exploring the correlation between the global burden of depression and the social development index (SDI) and associated risk factors. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019, we described the prevalence and burden of disease in 204 countries across 21 regions, including sex and age differences and the relationship between the global disease burden and SDI. The age-standardized rate and estimated annual percentage change were used to assess the global burden of depression. Individuals with documented depression globally ranged from 182,183,358 in 1990 to 290,185,742 in 2019, representing an increase of 0.59%. More patients experienced major depressive disorder than dysthymia. The incidence and disability-adjusted life years of depression were the highest in the 60-64 age group and much higher in females than in males, with this trend occurring across all ages. The age-standardized incidence and adjusted life-years-disability rates varied with different SDI levels. Relevant risk factors for depression were identified. National governments must support research to improve prevention and treatment interventions.

Prevalence and Predictors of Somatization in Peruvian Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong impact on mental health. Multiple studies report the alarming prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress-related conditions due to the lockdown measures. Nevertheless, somatization has been an overlooked topic in current literature despite its strong relationship with most mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of somatic symptoms and their associated factors in a sample of 3218 undergraduate students from Lima, Peru. A cross-sectional design was carried out. The prevalence of somatic symptoms was measured with the PHQ-15. As predictors of somatic symptom severity, we included psychopathological (depression, anxiety, and stress), psychological (perceived social support, resilience, satisfaction with life, and academic self-efficacy), and sociodemographic (e.g., age, sex, employment status, relationship status, daily hours of sleep) variables. A generalized linear model from a binomial family and a logit link function were applied based on a Factor Score Regression approach, with half of the sample presenting moderate-to-severe somatic symptoms. Anxiety was the strongest predictor of somatic symptom severity, followed by academic self-efficacy. Significant differences were found regarding sex, relationship status, daily hours of sleep and COVID-19 risk-related variables. In conclusion, interventions on reducing anxiety and promoting academic self-efficacy may have a stronger impact on somatic symptom severity and should focus on more vulnerable specific demographic groups such as females.

Alarming changes in the global burden of mental disorders in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study

Mental disorders account for a large and increasing health burden worldwide, as shown in the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2010. Unpacking how this burden in children and adolescents varies with sex, geographical regions, and ethnicities and how it has changed in the last 3 decades are important to improve the existing public health policies and prevention strategies. The study was conducted using GBD 2019 database. The burden of children and adolescents' (< 20 years old) mental disorders was displayed as prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability globally between 1990 and 2019. The number of DALYs in children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders was 21.5 million (95% CI: 15.2-29.6 million) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized rates of DALYs of mental disorders increased from 803.8 per 100,000 (95% CI: 567.7-1104.3 per 100,000) to 833.2 per 100,000 (95% CI: 589.0-1146.1 per 100,000) population. Over the past 30 years, there had been a huge increase in the number of individuals suffering from anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and conduct disorders including an alarming increase in the rate of eating disorders such as 24.3% in bulimia nervosa and 17.0% in anorexia nervosa. Globally, 8.8% of children and adolescents have been diagnosed with varieties of mental illnesses, accounting for a heavy disease burden on public health. Besides, the worldwide increasing rates of anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and eating disorders have brought considerable challenges to public health undertakings, for which further prevention and treatment countermeasures are urgently needed.