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Vargas EP, Carrasco-Ribelles LA, Marin-Morales J, Molina CA, Raya MA. Feasibility of virtual reality and machine learning to assess personality traits in an organizational environment. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1342018. [PMID: 39114589 PMCID: PMC11305179 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1342018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personality plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's interactions with the world. The Big Five personality traits are widely used frameworks that help describe people's psychological behaviours. These traits predict how individuals behave within an organizational setting. Methods In this article, we introduce a virtual reality (VR) strategy for relatively scoring an individual's personality to evaluate the feasibility of predicting personality traits from implicit measures captured from users interacting in VR simulations of different organizational situations. Specifically, eye-tracking and decision-making patterns were used to classify individuals according to their level in each of the Big Five dimensions using statistical machine learning (ML) methods. The virtual environment was designed using an evidence-centered design approach. Results The dimensions were assessed using NEO-FFI inventory. A random forest ML model provided 83% accuracy in predicting agreeableness. A k-nearest neighbour ML model provided 75%, 75%, and 77% accuracy in predicting openness, neuroticism, and conscientiousness, respectively. A support vector machine model provided 85% accuracy for predicting extraversion. These analyses indicated that the dimensions could be differentiated by eye-gaze patterns and behaviours during immersive VR. Discussion Eye-tracking measures contributed more significantly to this differentiation than the behavioural metrics. Currently, we have obtained promising results with our group of participants, but to ensure the robustness and generalizability of our findings, it is imperative to replicate the study with a considerably larger sample. This study demonstrates the potential of VR and ML to recognize personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Parra Vargas
- Laboratory of Immersive Neurotechnologies (LabLENI) – Institute Human-Tech, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Javier Marin-Morales
- Laboratory of Immersive Neurotechnologies (LabLENI) – Institute Human-Tech, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Ayuso Molina
- Laboratory of Immersive Neurotechnologies (LabLENI) – Institute Human-Tech, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariano Alcañiz Raya
- Laboratory of Immersive Neurotechnologies (LabLENI) – Institute Human-Tech, Valencia, Spain
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Sedlár M, Gurňáková J. Decision-Making Styles in Medical Students and Healthcare Professionals: The Roles of Personality Traits and Socio-Emotional Intelligence Factors. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38935535 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2024.2369618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Intuitive and deliberative styles can be considered the best-known decision-making styles, which are thought to be linked to actual workplace performance. However, there is a limited research on individual differences in these styles among individuals who provide healthcare. Therefore, adopting the self-report approach, this study examines the roles of the Big Five personality traits and socio-emotional intelligence factors in intuitive and deliberative decision-making styles among medical students and healthcare professionals. The research sample consists of 203 participants (50 medical students, 153 healthcare professionals) who completed the Big Five Inventory, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale, and the Preference for Intuition and Deliberation Scale. The regression analyses revealed that attention to one's emotions and social information processing were positively related to intuitive decision-making style, while the clarity of one's emotions and social awareness were negatively related to intuitive decision-making style. It was further shown that conscientiousness, neuroticism, repair of one's emotions, and social information processing were positively related to deliberative decision-making style. The findings highlight the importance of personality and socio-emotional intelligence in understanding decision-making. Specifically, they point out that Big Five personality traits better explain deliberative style, while socio-emotional intelligence factors better explain intuitive style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sedlár
- Institute of Experimental Psychology of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences
| | - Jitka Gurňáková
- Institute of Experimental Psychology of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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Fonseca L, Castro L, Rêgo G, Nunes R. Multidimensional Study of the Attitude towards Euthanasia of Older Adults with Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1078. [PMID: 38891153 PMCID: PMC11171529 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to verify if older adults with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder are more prone to euthanasia and identify factors that interfere with their satisfaction with health and capacity for well-informed decisions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study applied a paper questionnaire composed of a sociodemographic section and a battery of scales (to assess depression, anxiety, cognitive performance, suicide risk, therapeutic adhesion, functionality, loneliness, attitude towards euthanasia, decision pattern, personality, empathy, and health status) in the Psychogeriatric Unity of Senhora da Oliveira Hospital in Portugal. The sample was collected by convenience to include patients and controls of the same age. Six months later, a reassessment was performed. Patients and controls were compared using descriptive statistics and a multiple-regression model. RESULTS A total of 114 patients and 25 controls were included. Eighty-one point six percent of patients had four or fewer years of schooling. Contrary to controls, they presented mild depressive and anxiety symptoms, loneliness feelings, worse cognitive performance, a more fragile personality, higher personal distress, and a poorer health state. No statistically significant differences were found between controls and patients regarding their attitudes towards euthanasia. Patients more favourable to euthanasia had higher empathic concern, conscientiousness, and fantasy, and lower personal distress. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION When addressing euthanasia in these patients, it is crucial to ensure they are fully self-determinate and that all the necessary treatment and support are available. It may not be the case when the educational level is low and a mild disease persists, significantly affecting their well-being and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fonseca
- Bioethics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.R.); (R.N.)
- Psychogeriatrics Unity, Psychiatry Department, Senhora da Oliveira Hospital Guimarães, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Castro
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decisions Sciences, MEDICIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilhermina Rêgo
- Bioethics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.R.); (R.N.)
| | - Rui Nunes
- Bioethics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.R.); (R.N.)
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Joly L, Bardiau M, Nunes de Sousa A, Bayot M, Dory V, Lenoir AL. Impact of emotional competence on physicians' clinical reasoning: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073337. [PMID: 37369427 PMCID: PMC10410994 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical reasoning (CR) is a key competence for physicians and a major source of damaging medical errors. Many strategies have been explored to improve CR quality, most of them based on knowledge enhancement, cognitive debiasing and the use of analytical reasoning. If increasing knowledge and fostering analytical reasoning have shown some positive results, the impact of debiasing is however mixed. Debiasing and promoting analytical reasoning have also been criticised for their lack of pragmatism. Alternative means of increasing CR quality are therefore still needed. Because emotions are known to influence the quality of reasoning in general, we hypothesised that emotional competence (EC) could improve physicians' CR. EC refers to the ability to identify, understand, express, regulate and use emotions. The influence of EC on CR remains unclear. This article presents a scoping review protocol, the aim of which will be to describe the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of EC on physicians' CR, the type of available literature and finally the different methods used to examine the link between EC and CR. METHOD AND ANALYSIS The population of interest is physicians and medical students. EC will be explored according to the model of Mikolajczak et al, describing five major components of EC (identify, understand, express, regulate and use emotions). The concept of CR will include terms related to its processes and outcomes. Context will include real or simulated clinical situations. The search for primary sources and reviews will be conducted in MEDLINE (via Ovid), Scopus and PsycINFO. The grey literature will be searched in the references of included articles and in OpenGrey. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted using the Covidence software. Search and inclusion results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review model (PRISMA-ScR). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There are no ethical or safety concerns regarding this review. REGISTRATION DETAILS OSF Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GM7YD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Joly
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marjorie Bardiau
- ULiège Library, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Nunes de Sousa
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Bayot
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Valérie Dory
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Laure Lenoir
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
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Fung NLK, Fung HH, Chu L, Gong X. Facial Trustworthiness Influences Age Differences in Visual Attention Toward Credible Versus Non-credible Messages. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad051. [PMID: 37457806 PMCID: PMC10340441 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The literature on consumer decision-making and aging suggests that older adults make less optimal buying decisions than younger adults do, partly because older adults tend to perceive salespersons' faces as more trustworthy. This study aims to directly test the difference in the effect of perceived facial trustworthiness on buying intention between younger and older adults. It also aims to reveal the underlying mechanisms of this age-related difference by testing whether a more trustworthy face disrupts older adults' attention toward credible (vs. non-credible) information to a higher degree compared with younger adults. Research Design and Methods A sample of 92 younger (aged 18-37 years) and 83 older (aged 60-82 years) adults viewed advertisements for 32 products while their eye movements were captured by an eye tracker to measure their fixation duration (as an indicator of attention). The advertisements varied in terms of the credibility of the content and the trustworthiness of the salesperson's face. Results Both age groups showed higher buying intentions for products featured in advertisements with higher credibility and facial trustworthiness. When facial trustworthiness was lower, both age groups showed greater attentional preferences for credible over non-credible content. However, this distinction in attention disappeared in older but not younger adults with an increase in facial trustworthiness. Discussion and Implications Our findings suggest that although facial trustworthiness generally increases buying intention of both younger and older adults, it only reduces older (but not younger) adults' attentional discrimination between credible and non-credible content. This paper offers a novel and promising mechanism for the increase in fraud vulnerability in late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Long Ki Fung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Helene H Fung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xianmin Gong
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhang T, Su D, Yang Y, Li S. Does interpersonal self-support matter for freshman nursing students' professional identity? Evidence from mainland China. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1123625. [PMID: 37287771 PMCID: PMC10243468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1123625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have focused on undergraduate nursing students' professional identity (PI), but freshman nursing students (FNSs) have been ignored, and the relationship between interpersonal self-support (ISS) and PI is unknown. This study was designed to determine the patterns of ISS and its association with PI among Chinese FNSs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 358 FNSs recruited from two nursing colleges in southeast China. Students completed the Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Adolescent Students, and the Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nurse Students. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine the patterns of ISS among freshmen. The Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars method was used to examine the influencing role of ISS in PI. Results LPA indicated that ISS could be classified into three subgroups: the ISS-Individualist group (7.54% of the total sample), ISS-Dependent group (63.13% of the total sample), and ISS-Extrovert group (29.33% of the total sample). Overall, these three profiles differed significantly in the five dimensions of ISS and PI (p < 0.05). The results of pairwise comparisons examined the positive role of the ISS-Extrovert group on the promotion of PI among FNSs. Conclusion These findings emphasize the need for the promotion of PI and ISS among Chinese FNSs. Freshman students need more confidence and general communication knowledge to maintain harmonious social relationships with others. Parent-teacher association could be applied to nursing education to guide FNSs' positive development of ISS.
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Group decision performance: The predictive role of decision making styles and cognition. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Ding C, Fung HG, Zhang Y. Yin-yang framework of decision-making: Development and assessment of Yin-yang decision-making styles questionnaire. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Longevity of composite restorations is definitely not only about materials. Dent Mater 2023; 39:1-12. [PMID: 36494241 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review study provides an overview of factors that influence the longevity of all types of direct resin composite restorations. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles reporting data from primary longitudinal clinical studies on composite longevity published 2011-2021. Prospective or retrospective studies with restorations in permanent dentition, with follow-up periods of at least 5 years were included. RESULTS In total, 33 articles were included with different study designs, practice settings, datasets, countries of origin, and sample sizes. Annual failure rates of restorations ranged from 0.08% to 6.3%. Survival rates varied between 23% and 97.7%, success rates varied between 43.4% and 98.7%. Secondary caries, fractures, and esthetic compromise were main reasons for failures. Risk factors for reduced restoration durability included patient-level factors (e.g., caries risk, parafunctional habits, number of check-ups per year, socioeconomic status), dentist factors (different operators, operator's experience), and tooth/restoration factors (endodontic treatment, type of tooth, number of restored surfaces). Patient gender and the composite used generally did not influence durability. SIGNIFICANCE A number of risk factors are involved in the longevity of composite restorations. Differences between composites play a minor role in durability, assuming that materials and techniques are properly applied by dentists. Patient factors play a major role in longevity. The decision-making process implemented by dentists relative to the diagnosis of aging or failed restorations may also affect the longevity of restorations. Clinicians should treat patients comprehensively and promote a healthy lifestyle to ensure longevity.
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Personality Traits and Mental Health among Lebanese Medical Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122516. [PMID: 36554039 PMCID: PMC9778120 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical students face daily challenges such as large workload, time commitment and clinical environment pressure leading to a higher risk of psychological distress. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between personality traits and depression, anxiety, and stress among Lebanese medical students and to evaluate the mediating role of emotional intelligence (EI) in this association. This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and December of 2019. Participants were from seven medical schools in Lebanon. Higher extraversion (B = -0.11), higher neuroticism (B = -0.28) and higher emotional intelligence (B = -0.03) were significantly associated with lower depression. Higher neuroticism (B = -0.29) and higher emotional intelligence (B = -0.03) were significantly associated with lower anxiety. Higher openness to experience (B = 0.07) and higher agreeableness (B = 0.08) were significantly associated with higher stress, whereas higher neuroticism (B = -0.05) was associated with lower stress. EI mediated the association between extraversion and depression and openness to experience and depression. EI mediated the association between extraversion and anxiety and openness to experience and anxiety. The results of this study were different from those previously cited in the literature. This could be secondary to the mediating role of emotional intelligence. This study consequently opens up the possibility of new studies highlighting the role of emotional intelligence in the possible preservation of medical students' mental health.
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Gajić T, Petrović MD, Blešić I, Vukolić D, Milovanović I, Radovanović M, Vuković DB, Kostić M, Vuksanović N, Malinović Milićević S. COVID-19 certificate as a cutting-edge issue in changing the perception of restaurants’ visitors—Illustrations from Serbian urban centers. Front Psychol 2022; 13:914484. [PMID: 36275325 PMCID: PMC9580559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.914484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the first European cases of the introduction of COVID-19 certificates, the Serbian Government initiated the measure of limited working hours of restaurants for unvaccinated visitors. Due to such actions and frequent bans on working during the pandemic, many restaurants in Serbia had to lay off workers or close. At the end of October 2021, the certificate for entering restaurants and all catering facilities for all the visitors became mandatory. It is interesting to note that earlier findings suggested that some personality characteristics determine the specific behaviors during the pandemic, but there is still a small number of results related to restaurants’ visitors. This study aimed to investigate the predictive strength of the Big Five Factors (BFF) to attitudes toward visits to restaurants in Serbia during the pandemic, depending on the attitudes toward accepting COVID-19 certificates. A survey was conducted on a total sample of 953 visitors of restaurants in three major cities in Serbia. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that Openness and Extraversion positively predict attitudes toward visits to facilities during a pandemic, while Conscientiousness and Neuroticism were negative predictors. However, in the second step of hierarchical regression analysis, attitudes toward a COVID-19 certificate as a mediator variable significantly reduced the negative effect of Neuroticism on the attitudes toward visits. It seems that, by obtaining the certificate, the fear of unsafe stays in restaurants can be reduced, and that making decisions about (no) visiting restaurants during the pandemic does not necessarily have to be compromised by emotional lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gajić
- Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism, University of Kragujevac, Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Tamara Gajić,
| | - Marko D. Petrović
- Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Ivana Blešić
- Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragan Vukolić
- Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism, University of Kragujevac, Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia
| | - Ilija Milovanović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Radovanović
- Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Darko B. Vuković
- Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
| | - Marija Kostić
- Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikola Vuksanović
- Department of Hospitality, Higher Education School for Management and Business Communication, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Montelisciani L, Antolini L, Donisi V, Perlini C, Rimondini M, Garbin D, Piccolo LD, Strepparava MG. Emotional intelligence as a mediator between attachment security and empathy in pre-clinical medical students: A multi-center cross-sectional study. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:2880-2887. [PMID: 35393226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of emotional intelligence (EI) and attachment security (AS) with empathy dimensions in medical students by examining the mediating role of EI. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and demographic questions were administrated to second-year medical students of two medical schools in Northern Italy. RESULTS 253 medical students (56.13% female), aged 19-29, participated in this study. AS positively correlated to Empathic Concern (r = 0.17, p = 0.008) and Perspective Taking (r = 0.24, p < 0.001), and negatively to Personal Distress (r = -0.33, p < 0.001). Individuals with the same level of AS and a higher score on EQ-i had a higher score (β = 0.072, p = 0.033) on empathy latent factor (at the basis of Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking) and a lower score (β = -0.290, p < 0.001) on Personal Distress than those with a lower EQ-i score. CONCLUSION This study shows that EI completely mediated the relationship between AS and empathy dimensions among medical students. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS EI training and workshop should be considered when designing educational interventions and programs to enhance empathy and decrease interpersonal distress in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Montelisciani
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Donisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Garbin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lidia Del Piccolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy.
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Jia R, Bahoo R, Cai Z, Jahan M. The Hexaco Personality Traits of Higher Achievers at the University Level. Front Psychol 2022; 13:881491. [PMID: 35496234 PMCID: PMC9051429 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.881491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to explore the personality traits of higher achievers at the university level. The core objective of this investigation was to illustrate the nature of personality traits of the higher achievers' students. To study this phenomenon, a quantitative research approach was used. The students were chosen by using a purposive sampling technique and included 758 high achievers enrolled in various programs at the Chinese universities. Based on the Hexaco model of personality, a questionnaire was used to gather information from respondents as a research tool to examine the personality traits of position holders after an extensive review of the relevant literature. Tool validity was determined by following the face, content, construct (convergent and discriminant validity) validation process. This investigation concluded that honesty, emotionality, and openness to experience were very high among the higher achievers' students. Only honesty in female higher achievers' students was significantly high than male, remaining factors "extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience" were significantly high among male higher achievers' students. Moreover, the higher achievers of science group students were more extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness than arts group students. However, higher achievers in hostels were more emotional and agreeableness than the day scholars. Overall step-wise regression analysis, indicated that agreeableness and extraversion factor has significant influence on higher achievers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Jia
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rabia Bahoo
- Department of Education, The Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Zhendong Cai
- Department of Philosophy and Religion, Research Center for Philosophy of Science and Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Musarrat Jahan
- Department of Special Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Toriello HV, Van de Ridder JMM, Brewer P, Mavis B, Allen R, Arvidson C, Kovar-Gough I, Novak E, O'Donnell J, Osuch J, Ulrich B. Emotional intelligence in undergraduate medical students: a scoping review. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2022; 27:167-187. [PMID: 34709484 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-021-10079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a scoping review to determine what is known about emotional intelligence (EI) in undergraduate medical education (UME). Two main questions were asked: A. What medical student characteristics are associated with EI? Are there correlations with demographic or other factors? B. What research studies have been done on EI in UME? For example, is there evidence EI changes over time as a result of personal experiences? Should EI be used as an admission criterion? Can EI improve as a result of experiences or deliberate interventions? METHOD The authors searched four databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, Education Resources Information Center, and Web of Science) for all papers published up to and including December 2020. Two reviewers independently screened articles to determine if they met inclusion criteria. All authors extracted and analyzed data. RESULTS A set of 1520 papers on the topic of emotional intelligence was identified, with 119 papers meeting inclusion criteria. Most studies were done at international locations with only 17 done at US medical schools. Seventy-five were cohort or cross-sectional studies. Study populations were mixed among the studies, with year of medical study, inclusion of other healthcare students, and participation rates among the inter-study differences noted. CONCLUSIONS Numerous gaps in the literature on EI exist with several points being clear: (1) there is disagreement on the definition of EI, (2) it is undetermined whether EI is a trait or an ability, and (3) there is marked variability among the instruments used to measure EI. It is also becoming apparent that using EI determination may be helpful as a component of the admission process, higher EI is likely related to improved clinical reasoning, and higher EI contributes to more effective stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga V Toriello
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - J M Monica Van de Ridder
- Spectrum Health Hospitals, Grand Rapids, MI and Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Patricia Brewer
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Brian Mavis
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Renoulte Allen
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cindy Arvidson
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Iris Kovar-Gough
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Novak
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John O'Donnell
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Janet Osuch
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Brian Ulrich
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids and East Lansing, MI, USA
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15
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Maalouf E, Hallit S, Obeid S. Personality traits and quality of life among Lebanese medical students: any mediating effect of emotional intelligence? A path analysis approach. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:28. [PMID: 35148803 PMCID: PMC8840643 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicine is an incredibly demanding career that appears to leave many medical students at risk of fatigue, anxiety, depression and burnout. Since adaptation and lifestyle changes are important, quality of life (QOL) of students during medical school could be impaired. Personality traits and emotional intelligence (EI) facets may be both linked to medical student's QOL. To our knowledge, no studies have been done on the concurrent and prospective relationship between QOL-related personality traits and EI in Lebanese medical students. This study aimed to investigate the role of EI as a mediator between personality traits and QOL among a sample of Lebanese medical students. METHODS This research is a descriptive cross-sectional survey study involving 293 Lebanese medical students recruited from all 7 Faculties of Medicine in Lebanon (June-December 2019). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using SPSS AMOS v.24 to examine the structural relationship between each personality trait taken as independent variables, QOL as the dependent variable, and emotional intelligence as the mediator, among university students. The relative Chi-square (χ2/df), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) statistic, Tucker Lewis Index (TFI) and the comparative fit index (CFI) were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the model. RESULTS Higher conscientiousness was significantly associated with more EI (Beta = 0.38; p < 0.001) and lower QOL (Beta = - 0.14; p = 0.025). The indirect relationships between conscientiousness, EI and QOL showed that EI mediated the association between conscientiousness and QOL (Beta = 0.17; 95% CI - 0.73 to - 0.004; p = 0.037). The fit indices of this model were adequate for χ2/df, RMSEA and CFI but not TLI. Higher openness to experience was significantly associated with more EI (Beta = 0.48; p < 0.001) and lower QOL (Beta = - 0.38; p < 0.001). The indirect relationships between openness to experience, EI and QOL showed that EI mediated the association between openness to experience and QOL (Beta = 0.30; 95% CI - 1.11 to - 0.03; p = 0.04). The fit indices were adequate for χ2/df and CFI but not RMSEA and TLI. EI did not mediate the association between the other three personality traits (extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism) and QOL. CONCLUSION This current research has shed considerable light on the nexus of associations between EI, personality traits and well-being, nonetheless, led to the creation of more puzzling questions. On the whole, it seems that EI and its components can be used as an evaluation instrument in relates with Lebanese medical students' personality profile as a means of future training to improve quality of life during medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Maalouf
- Department of Life and Science, University of Paris-Est, Paris, France
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
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16
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Rahul G. S, Soumonetra C, Bishal P, Aishani G, Ananya R. K, Janis MA. Personality, cognitive flexibility, and motivation among medical professionals during covid-19 pandemic: a correlational study. I-MANAGER’S JOURNAL ON NURSING 2022; 12:1. [DOI: 10.26634/jnur.12.1.18435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare professionals worldwide, by bringing changes in both their personal and professional lives. Motivation has become a driving factor along with cognitive flexibility during such demanding situations. Little importance has been given to the personality dimension while assessing these aspects, especially in the Indian context. The principal aim of this paper is to understand the relationship between personality, cognitive flexibility, and motivation among medical professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A correlational research design was used to conduct the research, and a snowball sampling technique was used to collect the data from a sample size of 204 medical professionals, consisting of 101 nurses and 103 doctors, working as frontline workers. The variables were assessed using the Neo Five-Factor Inventory, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, the Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Questionnaire. A nonparametric test of correlation was used. The research findings revealed that among medical professionals, certain personality factors, cognitive flexibility, and motivation share a significant relationship. Cognitive flexibility and motivation were found to be significantly correlated. There was no significant difference in cognitive flexibility and motivation among doctors and nurses. There was a significant difference in neuroticism between the groups. The findings will help in gaining a clearer insight into the needs of medical professionals in India, by facilitating the development of appropriate training interventions for medical professionals to be better equipped for similar crisis situations in the future.
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17
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Cardona-Isaza ADJ, Jiménez SV, Montoya-Castilla I. Decision-making Styles in Adolescent Offenders and Non-offenders: Effects of Emotional Intelligence and Empathy. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5093/apj2021a23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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18
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Dan Y, Ahmed AAA, Chupradit S, Chupradit PW, Nassani AA, Haffar M. The Nexus Between the Big Five Personality Traits Model of the Digital Economy and Blockchain Technology Influencing Organization Psychology. Front Psychol 2021; 12:780527. [PMID: 34899530 PMCID: PMC8654730 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic aim of the study was to understand the role of the Big Five model of personality in predicting emotional intelligence and consequently in triggering the entrepreneurial behavior of the employees. The emotional intelligence of the individuals plays a very important role in decision making, enhancement of quality of living, and many other social realms. Hence, the intelligent use of emotions can make or break an individual’s future considering their attitude toward exploiting the entrepreneurial opportunities available. This study has measured the impact of personality traits on emotional intelligence and EI’s role in digital entrepreneurial behavior. The population used in this study was the middle management employees in the corporate sector of the mainland in China. The sample size taken in this study was 260 and selected through convenient sampling. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire measuring each variable. The data collected was employed to SmartPLS 3.3 for analyzing through structural equation modeling to measure the hypotheses. The study has found the partial effect of the Big Five model of personality on emotional intelligence, which significantly predicted the digital entrepreneurial behavior of the employees. The organizations can use the study findings to anticipate the employees’ possible prospects and endeavors regarding their digital entrepreneurial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dan
- Department of Basic Education, Sichuan Film and Television University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Management, SEGi University Kota Damansara, Kota Damansara, Malaysia
| | | | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Priyanut Wutti Chupradit
- Educational Psychology and Guidance, Department of Educational Foundations and Development, Faculty of Education, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Abdelmohsen A Nassani
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Haffar
- Department of Management, Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Warrier U, Shankar A, Belal HM. Examining the role of emotional intelligence as a moderator for virtual communication and decision making effectiveness during the COVID-19 crisis: revisiting task technology fit theory. ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2021:1-17. [PMID: 34539017 PMCID: PMC8436018 DOI: 10.1007/s10479-021-04216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID 19 has brought unprecedented changes in the way we communicate. There is a greater accent on Virtual communication. This paper aims to establish a relationship between Emotional intelligence and the effectiveness of Virtual communication on Decision making. This empirical study is based on a sample drawn from 296 working professionals at five different levels of organizational hierarchy. A standardized questionnaire (ɑ = 0.824) was used to collect the responses of Emotional intelligence, Virtual communication, and Decision-making effectiveness. Hierarchical regression using PROCESS Macro model 1 was used to identify the moderating effect of Emotional intelligence on Virtual communication and Decision making effectiveness. Since the p-value (p ≤ .007) is found significant, Emotional intelligence acts as a moderator that affects the strength of the relationship between Virtual communication effectiveness and Decision making. Validation of Task Technology fit theory is the theoretical implication of the study. Manipulation of individual dimensions in the model can reduce the dependence on technology for task completion with enhanced performance effectiveness. The findings are relevant to educators, consultants, and any professional who need to adapt Virtual communication platforms on an ongoing basis. Since work-life balance is projected as a constraint in this study, policymakers can consider policy amendments to reduce the stress caused due to Virtual communication which intrudes into their personal space. This empirical study is the first of its kind to benchmark the organizational practice of Emotional intelligence training to enhance Virtual communication and Decision making effectiveness during unprecedented times of pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Warrier
- CMS Business School, Faculty of Management Studies, JAIN (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore, India
| | | | - H M Belal
- Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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