1
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Kubota Y, Gu X, Terkawi L, Bodo J, Przychodzen BP, Awada H, Williams N, Gurnari C, Kawashima N, Aly M, Durmaz A, Mori M, Ponvilawan B, Kewan T, Bahaj W, Meggendorfer M, Jha BK, Visconte V, Rogers HJ, Haferlach T, Maciejewski JP. Molecular and clinical analyses of PHF6 mutant myeloid neoplasia provide their pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1832. [PMID: 38418452 PMCID: PMC10901781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PHF6 mutations (PHF6MT) are identified in various myeloid neoplasms (MN). However, little is known about the precise function and consequences of PHF6 in MN. Here we show three main findings in our comprehensive genomic and proteomic study. Firstly, we show a different pattern of genes correlating with PHF6MT in male and female cases. When analyzing male and female cases separately, in only male cases, RUNX1 and U2AF1 are co-mutated with PHF6. In contrast, female cases reveal co-occurrence of ASXL1 mutations and X-chromosome deletions with PHF6MT. Next, proteomics analysis reveals a direct interaction between PHF6 and RUNX1. Both proteins co-localize in active enhancer regions that define the context of lineage differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate a negative prognostic role of PHF6MT, especially in association with RUNX1. The negative effects on survival are additive as PHF6MT cases with RUNX1 mutations have worse outcomes when compared to cases carrying single mutation or wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kubota
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaorong Gu
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laila Terkawi
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juraj Bodo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bartlomiej P Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hussein Awada
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nakisha Williams
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Naomi Kawashima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mai Aly
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arda Durmaz
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Minako Mori
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ben Ponvilawan
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tariq Kewan
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Waled Bahaj
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Babal K Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute (LRI) Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Heesun J Rogers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Arai H, Matsui H, Chi S, Utsu Y, Masuda S, Aotsuka N, Minami Y. Germline Variants and Characteristic Features of Hereditary Hematological Malignancy Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:652. [PMID: 38203823 PMCID: PMC10779750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the proliferation of genetic testing, pathogenic germline variants predisposing to hereditary hematological malignancy syndrome (HHMS) have been identified in an increasing number of genes. Consequently, the field of HHMS is gaining recognition among clinicians and scientists worldwide. Patients with germline genetic abnormalities often have poor outcomes and are candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, HSCT using blood from a related donor should be carefully considered because of the risk that the patient may inherit a pathogenic variant. At present, we now face the challenge of incorporating these advances into clinical practice for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and optimizing the management and surveillance of patients and asymptomatic carriers, with the limitation that evidence-based guidelines are often inadequate. The 2016 revision of the WHO classification added a new section on myeloid malignant neoplasms, including MDS and AML with germline predisposition. The main syndromes can be classified into three groups. Those without pre-existing disease or organ dysfunction; DDX41, TP53, CEBPA, those with pre-existing platelet disorders; ANKRD26, ETV6, RUNX1, and those with other organ dysfunctions; SAMD9/SAMD9L, GATA2, and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. In this review, we will outline the role of the genes involved in HHMS in order to clarify our understanding of HHMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Arai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan; (H.A.); (S.C.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Iidacho, Narita 286-0041, Japan; (Y.U.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuoku 104-0045, Japan;
- Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8665, Japan
| | - SungGi Chi
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan; (H.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Yoshikazu Utsu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Iidacho, Narita 286-0041, Japan; (Y.U.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Shinichi Masuda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Iidacho, Narita 286-0041, Japan; (Y.U.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Nobuyuki Aotsuka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Iidacho, Narita 286-0041, Japan; (Y.U.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan; (H.A.); (S.C.)
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Zoller J, Trajanova D, Feurstein S. Germline and somatic drivers in inherited hematologic malignancies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1205855. [PMID: 37904876 PMCID: PMC10613526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1205855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited hematologic malignancies are linked to a heterogenous group of genes, knowledge of which is rapidly expanding using panel-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) or whole-exome/whole-genome sequencing. Importantly, the penetrance for these syndromes is incomplete, and disease development, progression or transformation has critical clinical implications. With the earlier detection of healthy carriers and sequential monitoring of these patients, clonal hematopoiesis and somatic driver variants become significant factors in determining disease transformation/progression and timing of (preemptive) hematopoietic stem cell transplant in these patients. In this review, we shed light on the detection of probable germline predisposition alleles based on diagnostic/prognostic 'somatic' NGS panels. A multi-tier approach including variant allele frequency, bi-allelic inactivation, persistence of a variant upon clinical remission and mutational burden can indicate variants with high pre-test probability. We also discuss the shared underlying biology and frequency of germline and somatic variants affecting the same gene, specifically focusing on variants in DDX41, ETV6, GATA2 and RUNX1. Germline variants in these genes are associated with a (specific) pattern or over-/underrepresentation of somatic molecular or cytogenetic alterations that may help identify the underlying germline syndrome and predict the course of disease in these individuals. This review is based on the current knowledge about somatic drivers in these four syndromes by integrating data from all published patients, thereby providing clinicians with valuable and concise information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone Feurstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Oncology & Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Gachard N, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Quessada J, Auger N, Collonge-Rame MA. Cytogenetics in the management of hematologic neoplasms with germline predisposition: guidelines from the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH). Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103416. [PMID: 37865978 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The number of predisposing genes is continuously growing with the widespread availability of DNA sequencing, increasing the prevalence of hematologic malignancies with germline predisposition. Cytogenetic analyses provide an effective approach for the recognition of these malignancies with germline predisposition, which is critical for proper diagnosis, optimal treatment and genetic counseling. Based on the World Health Organization and the international consensus classifications as well as the European LeukemiaNet recommendations, this review first presents an advanced classification of neoplasms with germline predisposition focused on the acquired cytogenetic alterations during leukemogenesis. The various genetic rescue mechanisms and the progression to transformation are then explained. The review also outlines the specific constitutional and somatic cytogenetic aberrations indicative of germline predisposition disorders in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), T-ALL, bone marrow failure syndrome and myeloid neoplasms. An emphasis is made on monosomy 7 in the predisposition field, its frequency and diagnosis impact as well as its various circumstances of occurrence. Lastly, we propose cytogenetic technical recommendations and guidelines for clinical reporting of these specific aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gachard
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Centre de Biologie et de Recherche en Santé, CHU de Limoges, Limoges 87042, France; UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262 Université de Limoges, Limoges 87025, France.
| | - Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, Département d'Hématologie, CHU Timone, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Julie Quessada
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, Département d'Hématologie, CHU Timone, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Nathalie Auger
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique -Génétique des Tumeurs - Gustave Roussy - 144 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame
- Oncobiologie Génétique Bioinformatique, UF Cytogénétique et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Besançon, Besançon 25030, France
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Beyond Pathogenic RUNX1 Germline Variants: The Spectrum of Somatic Alterations in RUNX1-Familial Platelet Disorder with Predisposition to Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143431. [PMID: 35884491 PMCID: PMC9320507 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pathogenic germline variants affecting RUNX1 are associated with qualitative and/or quantitative platelet defects, and predispose to hematologic malignancies. The latter manifests in approximately 44% of carriers and can occur from early childhood to late adulthood. In addition to the predisposing RUNX1 germline variant, the acquisition of somatic genetic alterations is presumed to drive leukemic transformation in an inflammatory bone marrow niche. The spectrum of somatic mutations occurs heterogeneously between individuals, even within families, and there is no clear genotype–phenotype correlation. In this review, we summarize previously published patients harboring (likely) pathogenic RUNX1 germline alterations in whom somatic alterations were additionally analyzed. We provide an overview of their phenotypes and the most frequent somatic genetic alterations. Abstract Pathogenic loss-of-function RUNX1 germline variants cause autosomal dominantly-inherited familial platelet disorder with predisposition to hematologic malignancies (RUNX1-FPD). RUNX1-FPD is characterized by incomplete penetrance and a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, even within affected families. Heterozygous RUNX1 germline variants set the basis for leukemogenesis, but, on their own, they are not transformation-sufficient. Somatically acquired secondary events targeting RUNX1 and/or other hematologic malignancy-associated genes finally lead to MDS, AML, and rarely other hematologic malignancies including lymphoid diseases. The acquisition of different somatic variants is a possible explanation for the variable penetrance and clinical heterogeneity seen in RUNX1-FPD. However, individual effects of secondary variants are not yet fully understood. Here, we review 91 cases of RUNX1-FPD patients who predominantly harbor somatic variants in genes such as RUNX1, TET2, ASXL1, BCOR, PHF6, SRSF2, NRAS, and DNMT3A. These cases illustrate the importance of secondary events in the development and progression of RUNX1-FPD-associated hematologic malignancies. The leukemia-driving interplay of predisposing germline variants and acquired variants remain to be elucidated to better understand clonal evolution and malignant transformation and finally allow risk-adapted surveillance and targeted therapeutic measures to prevent leukemia.
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Kurzer JH, Weinberg OK. PHF6 Mutations in Hematologic Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:704471. [PMID: 34381727 PMCID: PMC8350393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.704471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing has uncovered several genes with associated mutations in hematologic malignancies that can serve as potential biomarkers of disease. Keeping abreast of these genes is therefore of paramount importance in the field of hematology. This review focuses on PHF6, a highly conserved epigenetic transcriptional regulator that is important for neurodevelopment and hematopoiesis. PHF6 serves as a tumor suppressor protein, with PHF6 mutations and deletions often implicated in the development of T-lymphoblastic leukemia and less frequently in acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid neoplasms. PHF6 inactivation appears to be an early event in T-lymphoblastic leukemogenesis, requiring cooperating events, including NOTCH1 mutations or overexpression of TLX1 and TLX3 for full disease development. In contrast, PHF6 mutations tend to occur later in myeloid malignancies, are frequently accompanied by RUNX1 mutations, and are often associated with disease progression. Moreover, PHF6 appears to play a role in lineage plasticity within hematopoietic malignancies, with PHF6 mutations commonly present in mixed phenotype acute leukemias with a predilection for T-lineage marker expression. Due to conflicting data, the prognostic significance of PHF6 mutations remains unclear, with a subset of studies showing no significant difference in outcomes compared to malignancies with wild-type PHF6, and other studies showing inferior outcomes in certain patients with mutated PHF6. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the role PHF6 plays in development of T-lymphoblastic leukemia, progression of myeloid malignancies, and its overall prognostic significance in hematopoietic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H. Kurzer
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Olga K. Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
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7
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Wang S, Li Z, Gao S. Key regulators of sensitivity to immunomodulatory drugs in cancer treatment. Biomark Res 2021; 9:43. [PMID: 34090534 PMCID: PMC8180172 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) include thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, which have shown significant efficacy in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with deletion of chromosome 5q (del(5q)) and other hematological malignancies. IMiDs hijack the CRL4CRBN ubiquitin ligase to target cellular proteins for ubiquitination and degradation, which is responsible for their clinical activity in MM and MDS with del(5q). However, intrinsic and acquired resistance frequently limit the efficacy of IMiDs. Recently, many efforts have been made to explore key regulators of IMiD sensitivity, resulting in great advances in the understanding of the regulatory networks related to this class of drugs. In this review, we describe the mechanism of IMiDs in cancer treatment and summarize the key regulators of IMiD sensitivity. Furthermore, we introduce genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screenings, through which the regulatory networks of IMiD sensitivity could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfu Front Street, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhiyue Li
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Shaobing Gao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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8
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RUNX1-mutated families show phenotype heterogeneity and a somatic mutation profile unique to germline predisposed AML. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1131-1144. [PMID: 32208489 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
First reported in 1999, germline runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mutations are a well-established cause of familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid malignancy (FPD-MM). We present the clinical phenotypes and genetic mutations detected in 10 novel RUNX1-mutated FPD-MM families. Genomic analyses on these families detected 2 partial gene deletions, 3 novel mutations, and 5 recurrent mutations as the germline RUNX1 alterations leading to FPD-MM. Combining genomic data from the families reported herein with aggregated published data sets resulted in 130 germline RUNX1 families, which allowed us to investigate whether specific germline mutation characteristics (type, location) could explain the large phenotypic heterogeneity between patients with familial platelet disorder and different HMs. Comparing the somatic mutational signatures between the available familial (n = 35) and published sporadic (n = 137) RUNX1-mutated AML patients showed enrichment for somatic mutations affecting the second RUNX1 allele and GATA2. Conversely, we observed a decreased number of somatic mutations affecting NRAS, SRSF2, and DNMT3A and the collective genes associated with CHIP and epigenetic regulation. This is the largest aggregation and analysis of germline RUNX1 mutations performed to date, providing a unique opportunity to examine the factors underlying phenotypic differences and disease progression from FPD to MM.
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9
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Bąk A, Skonieczka K, Jaśkowiec A, Junkiert-Czarnecka A, Heise M, Pilarska-Deltow M, Potoczek S, Czyżewska M, Haus O. Searching for germline mutations in the RUNX1 gene among Polish patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1749-1755. [PMID: 33563056 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1881503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was the identification of constitutional RUNX1 mutations among AML patients. The study group included 100 patients of Polish origin, diagnosed with de novo AML. 14 out of 100 AML patients had together 17 RUNX1 mutations, three of which were found to be germline changes. The difference in germline mutation frequency between study and control groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.193), but the odds ratio was 7.215. In all patients with germline mutations, chromosome 7 aberrations were found. The difference in the frequency of chromosome 7 aberrations between the group of patients with and without germline mutations was statistically significant (p = 0.008, OR = 73.00). We showed a higher frequency of germline mutations of RUNX1 in AML patients than in the control group, which confirms the role of these mutations in the development of AML, and an association of germline mutations with aberrations of chromosome 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Bąk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skonieczka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Jaśkowiec
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Junkiert-Czarnecka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Heise
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Pilarska-Deltow
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Stanisław Potoczek
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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10
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Postema FAM, Oosterwijk JC, Hennekam RC. Genetic control of tumor development in malformation syndromes. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:324-335. [PMID: 33141500 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the questions that arises frequently when caring for an individual with a malformation syndrome, is whether some form of tumor surveillance is indicated. In some syndromes there is a highly variable increased risk to develop tumors, while in others this is not the case. The risks can be hard to predict and difficult to explain to affected individuals and their families, and often also to caregivers. The queries arise especially if syndrome causing mutations are also known to occur in tumors. It needs insight in the mechanisms to understand and explain differences of tumor occurrence, and to offer optimal care to individuals with syndromes. Here we provide a short overview of the major mechanisms of the control for tumor occurrences in malformation syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A M Postema
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Duarte BKL, Yamaguti‐Hayakawa GG, Medina SS, Siqueira LH, Snetsinger B, Costa FF, Rauh MJ, Ozelo MC. Longitudinal sequencing ofRUNX1familial platelet disorder: new insights into genetic mechanisms of transformation to myeloid malignancies. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:724-734. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K. L. Duarte
- INCT do Sangue Hemocentro UNICAMP University of Campinas CampinasSPBrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas FCM Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Gabriela G. Yamaguti‐Hayakawa
- INCT do Sangue Hemocentro UNICAMP University of Campinas CampinasSPBrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas FCM Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Samuel S. Medina
- INCT do Sangue Hemocentro UNICAMP University of Campinas CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Lúcia H. Siqueira
- INCT do Sangue Hemocentro UNICAMP University of Campinas CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Brooke Snetsinger
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Queen's University Kingston ON Canada
| | - Fernando F. Costa
- INCT do Sangue Hemocentro UNICAMP University of Campinas CampinasSPBrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas FCM Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Michael J. Rauh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Queen's University Kingston ON Canada
| | - Margareth C. Ozelo
- INCT do Sangue Hemocentro UNICAMP University of Campinas CampinasSPBrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas FCM Campinas SP Brazil
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12
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Vormittag-Nocito E, Ni H, Schmidt ML, Lindgren V. Thrombocytopenia and Predisposition to Acute Myeloid Leukemia due to Mosaic Ring 21 with Loss of RUNX1: Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:306-311. [PMID: 30800047 DOI: 10.1159/000494645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (FPD/AML) has been well documented in the literature and is a new entity within the latest revised edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (OMIM). The disorder arises due to mutations within the RUNX1 gene in chromosome 21; mutations within the Runt-binding domain are the most commonly encountered anomalies that cause decreased platelet count and function. Rare cases of haploinsufficiency have also been shown to cause this disorder. Here, we describe a 12-year-old female with mosaicism for a ring chromosome 21 and monosomy 21 who was born with thrombocytopenia which is now explained by loss of the RUNX1 gene resulting in FPD/AML. We also comment on the structure of the ring and the mechanism of its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary L Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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13
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Staňo Kozubík K, Radová L, Pešová M, Réblová K, Trizuljak J, Plevová K, Fiamoli V, Gumulec J, Urbánková H, Szotkowski T, Mayer J, Pospíšilová Š, Doubek M. C-terminal RUNX1 mutation in familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid malignancies. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:652-657. [PMID: 30083851 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a C-terminal RUNX1 mutation in a family with platelet disorder and predisposition to myeloid malignancies. We identified the mutation c.866delG:p.Gly289Aspfs*22 (NM_001754) (RUNX1 b-isoform NM_001001890; c.785delG:p.Gly262Aspfs*22) using exome sequencing of samples obtained from eight members of a single family. The mutation found in our pedigree is within exon eight and the transactivation domain of RUNX1. One of the affected individuals developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), which progressed to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A search for the second hit which led to the development of MDS and later AML in this individual revealed the PHF6 gene variant (exon9:c.872G > A:p.G291E; NM_001015877), BCORL1 (exon3:c.1111A > C:p.T371P; NM_001184772) and BCOR gene variant (exon4:c.2076dupT:p.P693fs; NM_001123383), which appear to be very likely second hits participating in the progression to myeloid malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Staňo Kozubík
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pešová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Réblová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Trizuljak
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Fiamoli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Gumulec
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Urbánková
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, University Hospital, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Szotkowski
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, University Hospital, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mayer
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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