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Yang L, Wiersema UF, Bihari S, Broughton R, Roberts A, Kelley N, McEwen M. A self-regulated expiratory flow device for mechanical ventilation: a bench study. Intensive Care Med Exp 2024; 12:92. [PMID: 39414708 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-024-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unregulated expiratory flow may contribute to ventilator-induced lung injury. The amount of energy dissipated into the lungs with tidal mechanical ventilation may be used to quantify potentially injurious ventilation. Previously reported devices for variable expiratory flow regulation (FLEX) require, either computer-controlled feedback, or an initial expiratory flow trigger. In this bench study we present a novel passive expiratory flow regulation device. METHODS The device was tested using a commercially available mechanical ventilator with a range of settings (tidal volume 420 ml and 630 ml, max. inspiratory flow rate 30 L/min and 50 L/min, respiratory rate 10 min-1, positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cmH2O), and a test lung with six different combinations of compliance and resistance settings. The effectiveness of the device was evaluated for reduction in peak expiratory flow, expiratory time, mean airway pressure, and the reduction of tidal dissipated energy (measured as the area within the airway pressure-volume loop). RESULTS Maximal and minimal reduction in peak expiratory flow was from 97.18 ± 0.41 L/min to 25.82 ± 0.07 L/min (p < 0.001), and from 44.11 ± 0.42 L/min to 26.30 ± 0.06 L/min, respectively. Maximal prolongation in expiratory time was recorded from 1.53 ± 0.06 s to 3.64 ± 0.21 s (p < 0.001). As a result of the extended expiration, the maximal decrease in I:E ratio was from 1:1.15 ± 0.03 to 1:2.45 ± 0.01 (p < 0.001). The greatest increase in mean airway pressure was from 10.04 ± 0.03 cmH2O to 17.33 ± 0.03 cmH2O. Dissipated energy was significantly reduced with the device under all test conditions (p < 0.001). The greatest reduction in dissipated energy was from 1.74 ± 0.00 J to 0.84 ± 0.00 J per breath. The least reduction in dissipated energy was from 0.30 ± 0.00 J to 0.16 ± 0.00 J per breath. The greatest and least percentage reduction in dissipated energy was 68% and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The device bench tested in this study demonstrated a significant reduction in peak expiratory flow rate and dissipated energy, compared to ventilation with unregulated expiratory flow. Application of the device warrants further experimental and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianye Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Flinders Medical Centre, South Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ubbo F Wiersema
- Intensive and Critical Care Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, South Adelaide Local Health Network, Flinders Lane, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Shailesh Bihari
- Intensive and Critical Care Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, South Adelaide Local Health Network, Flinders Lane, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Roy Broughton
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Flinders Medical Centre, South Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andy Roberts
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Flinders Medical Centre, South Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nigel Kelley
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Flinders Medical Centre, South Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark McEwen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Flinders Medical Centre, South Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Serafini SC, Hemmes SNT, Serpa Neto A, Schultz MJ, Tschernko E, Gama de Abreu M, Mazzinari G, Ball L. Risk factors for PPCs in laparoscopic non-robotic vs. laparoscopic robotic abdominal surgery (LapRas): rationale and protocol for a patient-level analysis of LAS VEGAS and AVATaR. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2024; 71:592-600. [PMID: 38987020 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) vary amongst different surgical techniques. We aim to compare the incidence of PPCs after laparoscopic non-robotic versus laparoscopic robotic abdominal surgery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS LapRas (Risk Factors for PPCs in Laparoscopic Non-robotic vs Laparoscopic robotic abdominal surgery) incorporates harmonized data from 2 observational studies on abdominal surgery patients and PPCs: 'Local ASsessment of VEntilatory management during General Anaesthesia for Surgery' (LAS VEGAS), and 'Assessment of Ventilation during general AnesThesia for Robotic surgery' (AVATaR). The primary endpoint is the occurrence of one or more PPCs in the first five postoperative days. Secondary endpoints include the occurrence of each individual PPC, hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression models will be used to identify risk factors for PPCs in laparoscopic non-robotic versus laparoscopic robotic abdominal surgery. We will investigate whether differences in the occurrence of PPCs between the two groups are driven by differences in duration of anesthesia and/or the intensity of mechanical ventilation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This analysis will address a clinically relevant research question comparing laparoscopic and robotic assisted surgery. No additional ethical committee approval is required for this metanalysis. Data will be shared with the scientific community by abstracts and original articles submitted to peer-reviewed journals. REGISTRATION The registration of this post-hoc analysis is pending; individual studies that were merged into the used database were registered at clinicaltrials.gov: LAS VEGAS with identifier NCT01601223, AVATaR with identifier NCT02989415.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Serafini
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - S N T Hemmes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Serpa Neto
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Critical Care, Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E Tschernko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Division of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Viena, Austria
| | - M Gama de Abreu
- Division of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, and Outcomes Research Consortium, Department of Anesthesiology, Integrated Hospital Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - G Mazzinari
- Research Group in Perioperative Medicine, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Ball
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy.
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von Düring S, Parhar KKS, Adhikari NKJ, Urner M, Kim SJ, Munshi L, Liu K, Fan E. Understanding ventilator-induced lung injury: The role of mechanical power. J Crit Care 2024; 85:154902. [PMID: 39241350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation stands as a life-saving intervention in the management of respiratory failure. However, it carries the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. Despite the adoption of lung-protective ventilation strategies, including lower tidal volumes and pressure limitations, mortality rates remain high, leaving room for innovative approaches. The concept of mechanical power has emerged as a comprehensive metric encompassing key ventilator parameters associated with the genesis of ventilator-induced lung injury, including volume, pressure, flow, resistance, and respiratory rate. While numerous animal and human studies have linked mechanical power and ventilator-induced lung injury, its practical implementation at the bedside is hindered by calculation challenges, lack of equation consensus, and the absence of an optimal threshold. To overcome the constraints of measuring static respiratory parameters, dynamic mechanical power is proposed for all patients, regardless of their ventilation mode. However, establishing a causal relationship is crucial for its potential implementation, and requires further research. The objective of this review is to explore the role of mechanical power in ventilator-induced lung injury, its association with patient outcomes, and the challenges and potential benefits of implementing a ventilation strategy based on mechanical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Düring
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ken Kuljit S Parhar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Neill K J Adhikari
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Martin Urner
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - S Joseph Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Laveena Munshi
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Kuan Liu
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Eddy Fan
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Buiteman-Kruizinga LA, Serpa Neto A, Botta M, List SS, de Boer BH, van Velzen P, Bühler PK, Wendel Garcia PD, Schultz MJ, van der Heiden PLJ, Paulus F. Effect of automated versus conventional ventilation on mechanical power of ventilation-A randomized crossover clinical trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307155. [PMID: 39078857 PMCID: PMC11288413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanical power of ventilation, a summary parameter reflecting the energy transferred from the ventilator to the respiratory system, has associations with outcomes. INTELLiVENT-Adaptive Support Ventilation is an automated ventilation mode that changes ventilator settings according to algorithms that target a low work-and force of breathing. The study aims to compare mechanical power between automated ventilation by means of INTELLiVENT-Adaptive Support Ventilation and conventional ventilation in critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS International, multicenter, randomized crossover clinical trial in patients that were expected to need invasive ventilation > 24 hours. Patients were randomly assigned to start with a 3-hour period of automated ventilation or conventional ventilation after which the alternate ventilation mode was selected. The primary outcome was mechanical power in passive and active patients; secondary outcomes included key ventilator settings and ventilatory parameters that affect mechanical power. RESULTS A total of 96 patients were randomized. Median mechanical power was not different between automated and conventional ventilation (15.8 [11.5-21.0] versus 16.1 [10.9-22.6] J/min; mean difference -0.44 (95%-CI -1.17 to 0.29) J/min; P = 0.24). Subgroup analyses showed that mechanical power was lower with automated ventilation in passive patients, 16.9 [12.5-22.1] versus 19.0 [14.1-25.0] J/min; mean difference -1.76 (95%-CI -2.47 to -10.34J/min; P < 0.01), and not in active patients (14.6 [11.0-20.3] vs 14.1 [10.1-21.3] J/min; mean difference 0.81 (95%-CI -2.13 to 0.49) J/min; P = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of unselected critically ill invasively ventilated patients, automated ventilation by means of INTELLiVENT-Adaptive Support Ventilation did not reduce mechanical power. A reduction in mechanical power was only seen in passive patients. STUDY REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov (study identifier NCT04827927), April 1, 2021. URL OF TRIAL REGISTRY RECORD https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04827927?term=intellipower&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Buiteman-Kruizinga
- Department of Intensive Care, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers ‘Location AMC’, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ary Serpa Neto
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers ‘Location AMC’, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care–Research Centre (ANZIC–RC), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michela Botta
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers ‘Location AMC’, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie S. List
- Department of Intensive Care, Dijklander Hospital ‘Location Hoorn’, Hoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Ben H. de Boer
- Department of Intensive Care, Dijklander Hospital ‘Location Hoorn’, Hoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia van Velzen
- Department of Intensive Care, Dijklander Hospital ‘Location Hoorn’, Hoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp Karl Bühler
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus J. Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers ‘Location AMC’, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Mahidol–Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Frederique Paulus
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers ‘Location AMC’, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- ACHIEVE, Centre of Applied Research, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Serafini SC, van Meenen DMP, Pisani L, Neto AS, Ball L, de Abreu MG, Algera AG, Azevedo L, Bellani G, Dondorp AM, Fan E, Laffey JG, Pham T, Tschernko EM, Schultz MJ, van der Woude MCE. Different ventilation intensities among various categories of patients ventilated for reasons other than ARDS--A pooled analysis of 4 observational studies. J Crit Care 2024; 81:154531. [PMID: 38341938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated driving pressure (ΔP) and mechanical power (MP) and associations with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients ventilated for reasons other than ARDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individual patient data analysis of a pooled database that included patients from four observational studies of ventilation. ΔP and MP were compared among invasively ventilated non-ARDS patients with sepsis, with pneumonia, and not having sepsis or pneumonia. The primary endpoint was ΔP; secondary endpoints included MP, ICU mortality and length of stay, and duration of ventilation. RESULTS This analysis included 372 (11%) sepsis patients, 944 (28%) pneumonia patients, and 2040 (61%) patients ventilated for any other reason. On day 1, median ΔP was higher in sepsis (14 [11-18] cmH2O) and pneumonia patients (14 [11-18]cmH2O), as compared to patients not having sepsis or pneumonia (13 [10-16] cmH2O) (P < 0.001). Median MP was also higher in sepsis and pneumonia patients. ΔP, as opposed to MP, was associated with ICU mortality in sepsis and pneumonia patients. CONCLUSIONS The intensity of ventilation differed between patients with sepsis or pneumonia and patients receiving ventilation for any other reason; ΔP was associated with higher mortality in sepsis and pneumonia patients. REGISTRATION This post hoc analysis was not registered; the individual studies that were merged into the used database were registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01268410 (ERICC), NCT02010073 (LUNG SAFE), NCT01868321 (PRoVENT), and NCT03188770 (PRoVENT-iMiC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Corrado Serafini
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, location 'AMC', Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - David M P van Meenen
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, location 'AMC', Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, location 'AMC', Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luigi Pisani
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, location 'AMC', Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Operational Research, Doctors with Africa, Padova, Italy; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Miulli Regional Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy; Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ary Serpa Neto
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Ball
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy
| | - Marcelo Gama de Abreu
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anna Geke Algera
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, location 'AMC', Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luciano Azevedo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienze Mediche (CISMed), Università di Trento, Italy; UOC anesthesia and Intensive Care 1, Ospedale Santa Chiara, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Arjen M Dondorp
- Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eddy Fan
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John G Laffey
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, and Galway University Hospitals Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tai Pham
- Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire integrative, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Edda M Tschernko
- Clinical Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, location 'AMC', Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Boesing C, Krebs J, Conrad AM, Otto M, Beck G, Thiel M, Rocco PRM, Luecke T, Schaefer L. Effects of prone positioning on lung mechanical power components in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a physiologic study. Crit Care 2024; 28:82. [PMID: 38491457 PMCID: PMC10941550 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prone positioning (PP) homogenizes ventilation distribution and may limit ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The static and dynamic components of ventilation that may cause VILI have been aggregated in mechanical power, considered a unifying driver of VILI. PP may affect mechanical power components differently due to changes in respiratory mechanics; however, the effects of PP on lung mechanical power components are unclear. This study aimed to compare the following parameters during supine positioning (SP) and PP: lung total elastic power and its components (elastic static power and elastic dynamic power) and these variables normalized to end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). METHODS This prospective physiologic study included 55 patients with moderate to severe ARDS. Lung total elastic power and its static and dynamic components were compared during SP and PP using an esophageal pressure-guided ventilation strategy. In SP, the esophageal pressure-guided ventilation strategy was further compared with an oxygenation-guided ventilation strategy defined as baseline SP. The primary endpoint was the effect of PP on lung total elastic power non-normalized and normalized to EELV. Secondary endpoints were the effects of PP and ventilation strategies on lung elastic static and dynamic power components non-normalized and normalized to EELV, respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS Lung total elastic power (median [interquartile range]) was lower during PP compared with SP (6.7 [4.9-10.6] versus 11.0 [6.6-14.8] J/min; P < 0.001) non-normalized and normalized to EELV (3.2 [2.1-5.0] versus 5.3 [3.3-7.5] J/min/L; P < 0.001). Comparing PP with SP, transpulmonary pressures and EELV did not significantly differ despite lower positive end-expiratory pressure and plateau airway pressure, thereby reducing non-normalized and normalized lung elastic static power in PP. PP improved gas exchange, cardiac output, and increased oxygen delivery compared with SP. CONCLUSIONS In patients with moderate to severe ARDS, PP reduced lung total elastic and elastic static power compared with SP regardless of EELV normalization because comparable transpulmonary pressures and EELV were achieved at lower airway pressures. This resulted in improved gas exchange, hemodynamics, and oxygen delivery. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00017449). Registered June 27, 2019. https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00017449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Boesing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Joerg Krebs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alice Marguerite Conrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Otto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Grietje Beck
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Thiel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G-014, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas Luecke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Abram J, Spraider P, Wagner J, Putzer G, Ranalter M, Rinner S, Lindner AK, Glodny B, Hell T, Barnes T, Enk D, Martini J. Individualised flow-controlled ventilation reduces applied mechanical power and improves ventilation efficiency in a porcine intra-abdominal hypertension model. Intensive Care Med Exp 2024; 12:27. [PMID: 38451347 PMCID: PMC10920549 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-024-00608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and effects of individualised flow-controlled ventilation (FCV), based on compliance guided pressure settings, compared to standard of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) in a porcine intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) model. The primary aim of this study was to investigate oxygenation. Secondary aims were to assess respiratory and metabolic variables and lung tissue aeration. METHODS Pigs were randomly assigned to FCV (n = 9) and PCV (n = 9). IAH was induced by insufflation of air into the abdomen to induce IAH grades ranging from 0 to 3. At each IAH grade FCV was undertaken using compliance guided pressure settings, or PCV (n = 9) was undertaken with the positive end-expiratory pressure titrated for maximum compliance and the peak pressure set to achieve a tidal volume of 7 ml/kg. Gas exchange, ventilator settings and derived formulas were recorded at two timepoints for each grade of IAH. Lung aeration was assessed by a computed tomography scan at IAH grade 3. RESULTS All 18 pigs (median weight 54 kg [IQR 51-67]) completed the observation period of 4 h. Oxygenation was comparable at each IAH grade, but a significantly lower minute volume was required to secure normocapnia in FCV at all IAH grades (7.6 vs. 14.4, MD - 6.8 (95% CI - 8.5 to - 5.2) l/min; p < 0.001). There was also a significant reduction of applied mechanical power being most evident at IAH grade 3 (25.9 vs. 57.6, MD - 31.7 (95% CI - 39.7 to - 23.7) J/min; p < 0.001). Analysis of Hounsfield unit distribution of the computed tomography scans revealed a significant reduction in non- (5 vs. 8, MD - 3 (95% CI - 6 to 0) %; p = 0.032) and poorly-aerated lung tissue (7 vs. 15, MD - 6 (95% CI - 13 to - 3) %, p = 0.002) for FCV. Concomitantly, normally-aerated lung tissue was significantly increased (84 vs. 76, MD 8 (95% CI 2 to 15) %; p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Individualised FCV showed similar oxygenation but required a significantly lower minute volume for CO2-removal, which led to a remarkable reduction of applied mechanical power. Additionally, there was a shift from non- and poorly-aerated lung tissue to normally-aerated lung tissue in FCV compared to PCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Abram
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Spraider
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Julian Wagner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Putzer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuela Ranalter
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarah Rinner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Glodny
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Hell
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tom Barnes
- Professor Emeritus, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Dietmar Enk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Martini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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González-Castro A, Medina Villanueva A, Escudero-Acha P, Fajardo Campoverdi A, Gordo Vidal F, Martin-Loeches I, Rocha AR, Romero MC, Hernández López M, Ferrando C, Protti A, Modesto I Alapont V. Comprehensive study of mechanical power in controlled mechanical ventilation: Prevalence of elevated mechanical power and component analysis. Med Intensiva 2024; 48:155-164. [PMID: 37996266 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of elevated mechanical power (MP) values (>17J/min) used in routine clinical practice. DESIGN Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical, multicenter, international study conducted on November 21, 2019, from 8:00 AM to 3:00 PM. NCT03936231. SETTING One hundred thirty-three Critical Care Units. PATIENTS Patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for any cause. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Mechanical power. RESULTS A population of 372 patients was analyzed. PM was significantly higher in patients under pressure-controlled ventilation (PC) compared to volume-controlled ventilation (VC) (19.20±8.44J/min vs. 16.01±6.88J/min; p<0.001), but the percentage of patients with PM>17J/min was not different (41% vs. 35%, respectively; p=0.382). The best models according to AICcw expressing PM for patients in VC are described as follows: Surrogate Strain (Driving Pressure) + PEEP+Surrogate Strain Rate (PEEP/Flow Ratio) + Respiratory Rate. For patients in PC, it is defined as: Surrogate Strain (Expiratory Tidal Volume/PEEP) + PEEP+Surrogate Strain Rate (Surrogate Strain/Ti) + Respiratory Rate+Expiratory Tidal Volume+Ti. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of mechanically ventilated patients may be at risk of experiencing elevated levels of mechanical power. Despite observed differences in mechanical power values between VC and PC ventilation, they did not result in a significant disparity in the prevalence of high mechanical power values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Escudero-Acha
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Federico Gordo Vidal
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Hospital Universitario del Henares, Coslada-Madrid, Research Group for Critical Pathology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- JFICMI, Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Angelo Roncalli Rocha
- Rehabilitation Division, Hélvio Auto Hospital, Alagoas, Brazil; University Center Cesmac, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marta Costa Romero
- Neonatology Department, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Ferrando
- Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Service, Clinic University Hospital of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Protti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Vicent Modesto I Alapont
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Critical Care, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe de Valencia, Spain
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9
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Muttini S, Jona Falco J, Cuevas Cairo I, Umbrello M. A High Respiratory Drive Is Associated with Weaning Failure in Patients with COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Role of the Electrical Activity of the Diaphragm. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1120. [PMID: 38398433 PMCID: PMC10889278 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation is the main supportive treatment of severe cases of COVID-19-associated ARDS (C-ARDS). Weaning failure is common and associated with worse outcomes. We investigated the role of respiratory drive, assessed by monitoring the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi), as a predictor of weaning failure. METHODS Consecutive, mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU for C-ARDS with difficult weaning were enrolled. Blood gas, ventilator, and respiratory mechanic parameters, as well as EAdi, were recorded at the time of placement of EAdi catheter, and then after 1, 2, 3, 7, and 10 days, and compared between patients with weaning success and weaning failure. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled: age 66 (60-69); 85% males; PaO2/FiO2 at admission 148 (126-177) mmHg. Thirteen subjects (65%) were classified as having a successful weaning. A younger age (OR(95%CI): 0.02 (0.01-0.11) per year), a higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR(95%CI): 1.10 (1.01-1.21) per mmHg), and a lower EAdi (OR(95%CI): 0.16 (0.08-0.34) per μV) were associated with weaning success. CONCLUSION In critically ill patients with moderate-severe C-ARDS and difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation, a successful weaning was associated with a lower age, a higher oxygenation, and a lower respiratory drive, as assessed at the bedside via EAdi monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Muttini
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20151 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Jacopo Jona Falco
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20151 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Ilmari Cuevas Cairo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20151 Milano, Italy;
| | - Michele Umbrello
- Department of Intensive care and Anaesthesia, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, ASST Ovest Milanese, 20025 Legnano, Italy
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10
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Boesing C, Schaefer L, Graf PT, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM, Luecke T, Krebs J. Effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure titration strategies on mechanical power during ultraprotective ventilation in ARDS patients treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A prospective interventional study. J Crit Care 2024; 79:154406. [PMID: 37690365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultraprotective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) reduces mechanical power (MP) through changes in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); however, the optimal approach to titrate PEEP is unknown. This study assesses the effects of three PEEP titration strategies on MP, hemodynamic parameters, and oxygen delivery in twenty ARDS patients with VV ECMO. MATERIAL AND METHODS PEEP was titrated according to: (A) a PEEP of 10 cmH2O representing the lowest recommendation by the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (PEEPELSO), (B) the highest static compliance of the respiratory system (PEEPCstat,RS), and (C) a target end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure of 0 cmH2O (PEEPPtpexp). RESULTS PEEPELSO was lower compared to PEEPCstat,RS and PEEPPtpexp (10.0 ± 0.0 vs. 16.2 ± 4.7 cmH2O and 17.3 ± 4.0 cmH2O, p < 0.001 each, respectively). PEEPELSO reduced MP compared to PEEPCstat,RS and PEEPPtpexp (5.3 ± 1.3 vs. 6.8 ± 2.0 and 6.9 ± 2.3 J/min, p < 0.001 each, respectively). PEEPELSO resulted in less lung stress compared to PEEPCstat,RS (p = 0.011) and PEEPPtpexp (p < 0.001) and increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery (p < 0.001 each). CONCLUSIONS An empirical PEEP of 10 cmH2O minimized MP, provided favorable hemodynamics, and increased oxygen delivery in ARDS patients treated with VV ECMO. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00013967). Registered 02/09/2018https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00013967.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Boesing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany.
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany.
| | - Peter T Graf
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany.
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Anesthesiology and Critical Care - San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thomas Luecke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany.
| | - Joerg Krebs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany.
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11
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Shaikh FAR, Ramaswamy KN, Chirla DK, Venkataraman ST, Kneyber MCJ. Mechanical power and normalized mechanical power in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1293639. [PMID: 38298612 PMCID: PMC10829106 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1293639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical power (MP) refers to the energy transmitted over time to the respiratory system and serves as a unifying determinant of ventilator-induced lung injury. MP normalization is required to account for developmental changes in children. We sought to examine the relationship between mechanical energy (MEBW), MP normalized to body weight (MPBW), and MP normalized to respiratory compliance (MPCRS) concerning the severity and outcomes of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (pARDS). Method In this retrospective study, children aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with pARDS who underwent pressure-control ventilation for at least 24 h between January 2017 and September 2020 were enrolled. We calculated MP using Becher's equation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, pediatric organ dysfunction score, and oxygenation index (OI) was performed to determine the independent association of MP and its derivatives 24 h after diagnosing pARDS with 28-day mortality. The association was also studied for 28 ventilator-free days (VFD-28) and the severity of pARDS in terms of OI. Results Out of 246 admitted with pARDS, 185 were eligible, with an overall mortality of 43.7%. Non-survivors exhibited higher severity of illness, as evidenced by higher values of MP, MPBW, and MEBW. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only MEBW but not MP, MPBW, or MPCRS at 24 h was independently associated with mortality [adjusted OR: 1.072 (1.002-1.147), p = 0.044]. However, after adjusting for the type of pARDS, MEBW was not independently associated with mortality [adjusted OR: 1.061 (0.992-1.136), p = 0.085]. After adjusting for malnutrition, only MP at 24 h was found to be independently associated. Only MPCRS at 1-4 and 24 h but not MP, MPBW, or MEBW at 24 h of diagnosing pARDS was significantly correlated with VFD-28. Conclusions Normalization of MP is better related to outcomes and severity of pARDS than non-normalized MP. Malnutrition can be a significant confounding factor in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan A. R. Shaikh
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karthik N. Ramaswamy
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Dinesh K. Chirla
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shekhar T. Venkataraman
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin C. J. Kneyber
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Critical Care, Anaesthesiology, Peri-Operative & Emergency Medicine (CAPE), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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12
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Spraider P, Abram J, Martini J, Putzer G, Glodny B, Hell T, Barnes T, Enk D. Flow-controlled versus pressure-controlled ventilation in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass - A single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Anesth 2023; 91:111279. [PMID: 37797394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Multifactorial comparison of flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) to standard of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) in terms of oxygenation in cardiac surgery patients after chest closure. DESIGN Prospective, non-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Operating theatre at an university hospital, Austria. PATIENTS Patients scheduled for elective, open, on-pump, cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to either individualized FCV (compliance guided end-expiratory and peak pressure setting) or control of PCV (compliance guided end-expiratory pressure setting and tidal volume of 6-8 ml/kg) for the duration of surgery. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure was oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2) 15 min after intraoperative chest closure. Secondary endpoints included CO2-removal assessed as required minute volume to achieve normocapnia and lung tissue aeration assessed by Hounsfield unit distribution in postoperative computed tomography scans. MAIN RESULTS Between April 2020 and April 2021 56 patients were enrolled and 50 included in the primary analysis (mean age 70 years, 38 (76%) men). Oxygenation, assessed by PaO2/FiO2, was significantly higher in the FCV group (n = 24) compared to the control group (PCV, n = 26) (356 vs. 309, median difference (MD) 46 (95% CI 3 to 90) mmHg; p = 0.038). Additionally, the minute volume required to obtain normocapnia was significantly lower in the FCV group (4.0 vs. 6.1, MD -2.0 (95% CI -2.5 to -1.5) l/min; p < 0.001) and correlated with a significantly lower exposure to mechanical power (5.1 vs. 9.8, MD -5.1 (95% CI -6.2 to -4.0) J/min; p < 0.001). Evaluation of lung tissue aeration revealed a significantly reduced amount of non-aerated lung tissue in FCV compared to PCV (5 vs. 7, MD -3 (95% CI -4 to -1) %; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing on-pump, cardiac surgery individualized FCV significantly improved oxygenation and lung tissue aeration compared to PCV. In addition, carbon dioxide removal was accomplished at a lower minute volume leading to reduced applied mechanical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Spraider
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Abram
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Martini
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gabriel Putzer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Glodny
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Hell
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tom Barnes
- University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College, Park Row, SE109LS London, United Kingdom
| | - Dietmar Enk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
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13
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González-Castro A, Modesto I Alapont V, Cuenca Fito E, Peñasco Y, Escudero Acha P, Huertas Martín C, Rodríguez Borregán JC. The Bayes factor in the analysis of mechanical power in patients with severe respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2. Med Intensiva 2023; 47:621-628. [PMID: 37117098 PMCID: PMC10067457 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To specify the degree of probative force of the statistical hypotheses in relation to mortality at 28 days and the threshold value of 17 J/min mechanical power (MP) in patients with respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2. DESIGN Cohort study, longitudinal, analytical. SETTING Intensive care unit of a third level hospital in Spain. PATIENTS Patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infection with admission to the ICU between March 2020 and March 2022. INTERVENTIONS Bayesian analysis with the beta binomial model. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Bayes factor, mechanical power. RESULTS A total of 253 patients were analyzed. Baseline respiratory rate (BF10: 3.83 × 106), peak pressure value (BF10: 3.72 × 1013) and neumothorax (BF10: 17,663) were the values most likely to be different between the two groups of patients compared. In the group of patients with MP < 17 J/min, a BF10 of 12.71 and a BF01 of 0.07 were established with an 95%CI of 0.27-0.58. For the group of patients with MP ≥ 17 J/min the BF10 was 36,100 and the BF01 of 2.77e-05 with an 95%CI of 0.42-0.72. CONCLUSIONS A MP ≥ 17 J/min value is associated with extreme evidence with 28-day mortality in patients requiring MV due to respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro González-Castro
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Grupo Internacional de Ventilación Mecánica, WeVent®
| | - Vicent Modesto I Alapont
- Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, València, Spain; Grupo Internacional de Ventilación Mecánica, WeVent®
| | - Elena Cuenca Fito
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Yhivian Peñasco
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Patricia Escudero Acha
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Huertas Martín
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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14
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Burša F, Oczka D, Jor O, Sklienka P, Frelich M, Stigler J, Vodička V, Ekrtová T, Penhaker M, Máca J. The Impact of Mechanical Energy Assessment on Mechanical Ventilation: A Comprehensive Review and Practical Application. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941287. [PMID: 37669252 PMCID: PMC10492505 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) provides basic organ support for patients who have acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, with acute respiratory distress syndrome as the most severe form. The use of excessive ventilation forces can exacerbate the lung condition and lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI); mechanical energy (ME) or power can characterize such forces applied during MV. The ME metric combines all MV parameters affecting the respiratory system (ie, lungs, chest, and airways) into a single value. Besides evaluating the overall ME, this parameter can be also related to patient-specific characteristics, such as lung compliance or patient weight, which can further improve the value of ME for characterizing the aggressiveness of lung ventilation. High ME is associated with poor outcomes and could be used as a prognostic parameter and indicator of the risk of VILI. ME is rarely determined in everyday practice because the calculations are complicated and based on multiple equations. Although low ME does not conclusively prevent the possibility of VILI (eg, due to the lung inhomogeneity and preexisting damage), individualization of MV settings considering ME appears to improve outcomes. This article aims to review the roles of bedside assessment of mechanical power, its relevance in mechanical ventilation, and its associations with treatment outcomes. In addition, we discuss methods for ME determination, aiming to propose the most suitable method for bedside application of the ME concept in everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Burša
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Oczka
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Jor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sklienka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Frelich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stigler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Vodička
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ekrtová
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Penhaker
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Máca
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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15
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Boesing C, Schaefer L, Hammel M, Otto M, Blank S, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM, Luecke T, Krebs J. Individualized Positive End-expiratory Pressure Titration Strategies in Superobese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery: Prospective and Nonrandomized Crossover Study. Anesthesiology 2023; 139:249-261. [PMID: 37224406 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superobesity and laparoscopic surgery promote negative end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure that causes atelectasis formation and impaired respiratory mechanics. The authors hypothesized that end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure differs between fixed and individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) strategies and mediates their effects on respiratory mechanics, end-expiratory lung volume, gas exchange, and hemodynamic parameters in superobese patients. METHODS In this prospective, nonrandomized crossover study including 40 superobese patients (body mass index 57.3 ± 6.4 kg/m2) undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery, PEEP was set according to (1) a fixed level of 8 cm H2O (PEEPEmpirical), (2) the highest respiratory system compliance (PEEPCompliance), or (3) an end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure targeting 0 cm H2O (PEEPTranspul) at different surgical positioning. The primary endpoint was end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure at different surgical positioning; secondary endpoints were respiratory mechanics, end-expiratory lung volume, gas exchange, and hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS Individualized PEEPCompliance compared to fixed PEEPEmpirical resulted in higher PEEP (supine, 17.2 ± 2.4 vs. 8.0 ± 0.0 cm H2O; supine with pneumoperitoneum, 21.5 ± 2.5 vs. 8.0 ± 0.0 cm H2O; and beach chair with pneumoperitoneum; 15.8 ± 2.5 vs. 8.0 ± 0.0 cm H2O; P < 0.001 each) and less negative end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure (supine, -2.9 ± 2.0 vs. -10.6 ± 2.6 cm H2O; supine with pneumoperitoneum, -2.9 ± 2.0 vs. -14.1 ± 3.7 cm H2O; and beach chair with pneumoperitoneum, -2.8 ± 2.2 vs. -9.2 ± 3.7 cm H2O; P < 0.001 each). Titrated PEEP, end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure, and lung volume were lower with PEEPCompliance compared to PEEPTranspul (P < 0.001 each). Respiratory system and transpulmonary driving pressure and mechanical power normalized to respiratory system compliance were reduced using PEEPCompliance compared to PEEPTranspul. CONCLUSIONS In superobese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, individualized PEEPCompliance may provide a feasible compromise regarding end-expiratory transpulmonary pressures compared to PEEPEmpirical and PEEPTranspul, because PEEPCompliance with slightly negative end-expiratory transpulmonary pressures improved respiratory mechanics, lung volumes, and oxygenation while preserving cardiac output. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Boesing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marvin Hammel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mirko Otto
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Blank
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Anesthesiology and Critical Care - San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas Luecke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joerg Krebs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
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16
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Senturk E, Ugur S, Celik Y, Cukurova Z, Asar S, Cakar N. The power of mechanical ventilation may predict mortality in critically ill patients. Minerva Anestesiol 2023; 89:663-670. [PMID: 37079284 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.23.17080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical power (MP) is the amount of energy transferred from the ventilator to the patient within a unit of time. It has been emphasized in ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) and mortality. However, its measurement and use in clinical practice are challenging. "Electronic recording systems (ERS)" using mechanical ventilation parameters provided by the ventilator can be helpful to measure and record the MP. The MP (J/minutes) formula is 0.098 x tidal volume x respiratory rate x (Ppeak - ½ ∆P), in which ∆P is the driving pressure and Ppeak is the peak pressure. We aimed to define the association between MP values and ICU mortality, mechanical ventilation days, and intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS). The secondary outcome was to determine the most potent or essential component of power in the equation that has a role in mortality. METHODS This retrospective study was performed in two centers (VKV American Hospital and Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Hospital ICUs) that used ERS (Metavision IMDsoft) between 2014 and 2018. We uploaded the power formula (MP (J/minutes)=0.098×VT×RR×(Ppeak - ½ ∆P) to ERS (METAvision, iMDsoft, and Consult Orion Health) and calculated the MP value by using MV parameters automatically sent from the ventilator. (∆P; driving pressure, VT; tidal volume, RR; respiratory rate and Ppeak; peak pressure). RESULTS A total of 3042 patients were included in the study. The median value of MP was 11.3 J/min. Mortality in MP<11.3 J/min was 35.4%, and 49.1% in MP>11.3J/min.; P<0.001. Mechanical ventilation days and ICU-LOS were also statistically longer in the MVP>11.3 J/min group. CONCLUSIONS The first 24 h MP maybe a predictive value for the ICU patients' prognosis. This implies that MP may be used as a decision-making system to define the clinical approach and as a scoring system to predict patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Senturk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Semra Ugur
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye -
| | - Yeliz Celik
- Department of Pulmonology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zafer Cukurova
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Asar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nahit Cakar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
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17
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Drmić Ž, Bandić I, Hleb S, Kukoč A, Sakan S, Sojčić N, Kristović D, Mikecin V, Presečki I, Oremuš ZŠ, Bradić N, Peršec J, Šribar A. Inflammatory Biomarkers Affecting Survival Prognosis in Patients Receiving Veno-Venous ECMO for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2203. [PMID: 37443597 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 pneumonia in which mechanical ventilation is unable to achieve adequate gas exchange can be treated with veno-venous ECMO, eliminating the need for aggressive mechanical ventilation which might promote ventilator-induced lung injury and increase mortality. In this retrospective observational study, 18 critically ill COVID-19 patients who were treated using V-V ECMO during an 11-month period in a tertiary COVID-19 hospital were analyzed. Biomarkers of inflammation and clinical features were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Survival rates were compared between patients receiving ECMO and propensity matched mechanically ventilated controls. There were 7 survivors and 11 non-survivors. The survivors were significantly younger, with a higher proportion of females, higher serum procalcitonin at ICU admission, and before initiation of ECMO they had significantly lower Murray scores, PaCO2, WBC counts, serum ferritin levels, and higher glomerular filtration rates. No significant difference in mortality was found between patients treated with ECMO compared to patients treated using conventional lung protective ventilation. Hypercapnia, leukocytosis, reduced glomerular filtration rate, and increased serum ferritin levels prior to initiation of V-V ECMO in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia may be early warning signs of reduced chance of survival. Further multicentric studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Drmić
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bandić
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sonja Hleb
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Kukoč
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Sakan
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Sojčić
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Kristović
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Verica Mikecin
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Presečki
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Šafarić Oremuš
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Bradić
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Peršec
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrej Šribar
- Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Vetrugno L, Deana C, Castaldo N, Fantin A, Belletti A, Sozio E, De Martino M, Isola M, Palumbo D, Longhini F, Cammarota G, Spadaro S, Maggiore SM, Bassi F, Tascini C, Patruno V. Barotrauma during Noninvasive Respiratory Support in COVID-19 Pneumonia Outside ICU: The Ancillary COVIMIX-2 Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113675. [PMID: 37297869 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive respiratory support (NIRS) has been extensively used during the COVID-19 surge for patients with acute respiratory failure. However, little data are available about barotrauma during NIRS in patients treated outside the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. METHODS COVIMIX-2 was an ancillary analysis of the previous COVIMIX study, a large multicenter observational work investigating the frequencies of barotrauma (i.e., pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum) in adult patients with COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia. Only patients treated with NIRS outside the ICU were considered. Baseline characteristics, clinical and radiological disease severity, type of ventilatory support used, blood tests and mortality were recorded. RESULTS In all, 179 patients were included, 60 of them with barotrauma. They were older and had lower BMI than controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively). Cases had higher respiratory rates and lower PaO2/FiO2 (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001). The frequency of barotrauma was 0.3% [0.1-1.3%], with older age being a risk factor for barotrauma (OR 1.06, p = 0.015). Alveolar-arterial gradient (A-a) DO2 was protective against barotrauma (OR 0.92 [0.87-0.99], p = 0.026). Barotrauma required active treatment, with drainage, in only a minority of cases. The type of NIRS was not explicitly related to the development of barotrauma. Still, an escalation of respiratory support from conventional oxygen therapy, high flow nasal cannula to noninvasive respiratory mask was predictive for in-hospital death (OR 15.51, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS COVIMIX-2 showed a low frequency for barotrauma, around 0.3%. The type of NIRS used seems not to increase this risk. Patients with barotrauma were older, with more severe systemic disease, and showed increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vetrugno
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Emergency, SS. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristian Deana
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Health Integrated Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Nadia Castaldo
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Health Integrated Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Fantin
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Health Integrated Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Belletti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sozio
- Infectious Disease Unit, Health Integrated Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria De Martino
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Miriam Isola
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Diego Palumbo
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Longhini
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater, Domini, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Cammarota
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Translational medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Savino Spadaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maurizio Maggiore
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Emergency, SS. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Flavio Bassi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Health Integrated Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Tascini
- Infectious Disease Unit, Health Integrated Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patruno
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Health Integrated Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy
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19
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Palamim CVC, Boschiero MN, Marson FAL. Epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with death in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in an adult intensive care unit from Brazil: a retrospective study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1064120. [PMID: 37181356 PMCID: PMC10166862 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1064120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is essential to manage the patients better and to improve health services. Therefore, our objective was to describe the epidemiological profile of adult patients in intensive care that required IMV in-hospital treatment. Also, to evaluate the risks associated with death and the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) at admission in the clinical outcome. Methods We conducted an epidemiological study analyzing medical records of inpatients who received IMV from January 2016 to December 2019 prior to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 pandemic in Brazil. We considered the following characteristics in the statistical analysis: demographic data, diagnostic hypothesis, hospitalization data, and PEEP and PaO2 during IMV. We associated the patients' features with the risk of death using a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. We adopted an alpha error of 0.05. Results We analyzed 1,443 medical records; out of those, 570 (39.5%) recorded the patients' deaths. The binary logistic regression was significant in predicting the patients' risk of death [X2(9) = 288.335; p < 0.001]. Among predictors, the most significant in relation to death risk were: age [elderly ≥65 years old; OR = 2.226 (95%CI = 1.728-2.867)]; male sex (OR = 0.754; 95%CI = 0.593-0.959); sepsis diagnosis (OR = 1.961; 95%CI = 1.481-2.595); need for elective surgery (OR = 0.469; 95%CI = 0.362-0.608); the presence of cerebrovascular accident (OR = 2.304; 95%CI = 1.502-3.534); time of hospital care (OR = 0.946; 95%CI = 0.935-0.956); hypoxemia at admission (OR = 1.635; 95%CI = 1.024-2.611), and PEEP >8 cmH2O at admission (OR = 2.153; 95%CI = 1.426-3.250). Conclusion The death rate of the studied intensive care unit was equivalent to that of other similar units. Regarding risk predictors, several demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with enhanced mortality in intensive care unit patients under mechanical ventilation, such as diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, and older age. The PEEP >8 cmH2O at admission was also associated with increased mortality since this value is a marker of initially severe hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vantini Capasso Palamim
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Bragança Paulista, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Negri Boschiero
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Bragança Paulista, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Bragança Paulista, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Jose D, Parameswaran N. Advances in Management of Respiratory Failure in Children. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:470-480. [PMID: 37010692 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Providing the right respiratory support is an essential skill, vital for anyone treating sick children. Recent advances in respiratory support include developments in both non-invasive and invasive ventilatory strategies. In non-invasive ventilation, newer modalities are being developed, in an attempt to decrease the need for invasive ventilation. This include newer techniques like Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) and improvements in existing modes. The success of Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and other non-invasive modes depend to a large extent on choosing and maintaining a suitable interface. When it comes to invasive ventilation, recent advances are focussing on increasing automation, improving patient comfort and minimising lung injury. Concepts like mechanical power are attempts at understanding the mechanisms of unintended injuries resulting from respiratory support and newer monitoring methods like transpulmonary pressure, thoracic impedance tomography are attempts at measuring potential markers of lung injury. Using the vast arrays of available ventilatory options judiciously, considering their advantages and drawbacks in every individual case will be the prime responsibility of clinicians in the future. Simultaneously, efforts have been made to identify potential drugs that can favourably modify the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Unfortunately, though eagerly awaited, most pharmaceutical agents tried in pediatric ARDS have not shown definite benefit. Pulmonary local drug and gene therapy using liquid ventilation strategies may revolutionize our future understanding and management of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Jose
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
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21
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González-Castro A, Modesto I Alapont V, Cuenca Fito E, Peñasco Y, Escudero Acha P, Huertas Martín C, Rodríguez Borregán JC. [The Bayes factor in the analysis of mechanical power in patients with severe respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2]. Med Intensiva 2023; 47:S0210-5691(23)00062-1. [PMID: 37359241 PMCID: PMC10030329 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective To specify the degree of probative force of the statistical hypotheses in relation to mortality at 28 days and the threshold value of 17 J/min mechanical power (MP) in patients with respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2. Design Cohort study, longitudinal, analytical. Setting Intensive care unit of a third level hospital in Spain. Patients Patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infection with admission to the ICU between March 2020 and March 2022. Interventions Bayesian analysis with the beta binomial model. Main variables of interest Bayes factor, mechanical power. Results A total of 253 patients were analyzed. Baseline respiratory rate (BF10: 3.83 × 106), peak pressure value (BF10: 3.72 × 1013) and neumothorax (BF10: 17,663) were the values most likely to be different between the two groups of patients compared. In the group of patients with MP < 17 J/min, a BF10 of 12.71 and a BF01 of 0.07 were established with an 95%CI of 0.27-0.58. For the group of patients with MP ≥ 17 J/min the BF10 was 36,100 and the BF01 of 2.77e-05 with an 95%CI of 0.42-0.72. Conclusions A MP ≥ 17 J/min value is associated with extreme evidence with 28-day mortality in patients requiring MV due to respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro González-Castro
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, España
- Grupo Internacional de Ventilación Mecánica. WeVent®
| | - Vicent Modesto I Alapont
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP), Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, València, España
- Grupo Internacional de Ventilación Mecánica. WeVent®
| | - Elena Cuenca Fito
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, España
| | - Yhivian Peñasco
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, España
| | - Patricia Escudero Acha
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, España
| | - Carmen Huertas Martín
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Cantabria, Santander, España
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22
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Hoppe K, Khan E, Meybohm P, Riese T. Mechanical power of ventilation and driving pressure: two undervalued parameters for pre extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ventilation and during daily management? Crit Care 2023; 27:111. [PMID: 36915183 PMCID: PMC10010963 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current ARDS guidelines highly recommend lung protective ventilation which include plateau pressure (Pplat < 30 cm H2O), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP > 5 cm H2O) and tidal volume (Vt of 6 ml/kg) of predicted body weight. In contrast, the ELSO guidelines suggest the evaluation of an indication of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) due to hypoxemic or hypercapnic respiratory failure or as bridge to lung transplantation. Finally, these recommendations remain a wide range of scope of interpretation. However, particularly patients with moderate-severe to severe ARDS might benefit from strict adherence to lung protective ventilation strategies. Subsequently, we discuss whether extended physiological ventilation parameter analysis might be relevant for indication of ECMO support and can be implemented during the daily routine evaluation of ARDS patients. Particularly, this viewpoint focus on driving pressure and mechanical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hoppe
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - E Khan
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Meybohm
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Riese
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Hennessey E, Bittner E, White P, Kovar A, Meuchel L. Intraoperative Ventilator Management of the Critically Ill Patient. Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 41:121-140. [PMID: 36871995 PMCID: PMC9985493 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for the intraoperative ventilator management of the critically ill patient focus on parameters used for lung protective ventilation with acute respiratory distress syndrome, preventing or limiting the deleterious effects of mechanical ventilation, and optimizing anesthetic and surgical conditions to limit postoperative pulmonary complications for patients at risk. Patient conditions such as obesity, sepsis, the need for laparoscopic surgery, or one-lung ventilation may benefit from intraoperative lung protective ventilation strategies. Anesthesiologists can use risk evaluation and prediction tools, monitor advanced physiologic targets, and incorporate new innovative monitoring techniques to develop an individualized approach for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hennessey
- Stanford University - School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room H3580, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Edward Bittner
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peggy White
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, 1500 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100254, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alan Kovar
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3161 SW Pavilion Loop, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lucas Meuchel
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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24
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Battaglini D, Fazzini B, Silva PL, Cruz FF, Ball L, Robba C, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P. Challenges in ARDS Definition, Management, and Identification of Effective Personalized Therapies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:1381. [PMID: 36835919 PMCID: PMC9967510 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has made considerable progress both regarding supportive and pharmacologic therapies. Lung protective mechanical ventilation is the cornerstone of ARDS management. Current recommendations on mechanical ventilation in ARDS include the use of low tidal volume (VT) 4-6 mL/kg of predicted body weight, plateau pressure (PPLAT) < 30 cmH2O, and driving pressure (∆P) < 14 cmH2O. Moreover, positive end-expiratory pressure should be individualized. Recently, variables such as mechanical power and transpulmonary pressure seem promising for limiting ventilator-induced lung injury and optimizing ventilator settings. Rescue therapies such as recruitment maneuvers, vasodilators, prone positioning, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal have been considered for patients with severe ARDS. Regarding pharmacotherapies, despite more than 50 years of research, no effective treatment has yet been found. However, the identification of ARDS sub-phenotypes has revealed that some pharmacologic therapies that have failed to provide benefits when considering all patients with ARDS can show beneficial effects when these patients were stratified into specific sub-populations; for example, those with hyperinflammation/hypoinflammation. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview on current advances in the management of ARDS from mechanical ventilation to pharmacological treatments, including personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Battaglini
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Brigitta Fazzini
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Ball
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 15145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 15145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 15145 Genoa, Italy
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González-Castro A, Cuenca Fito E, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, Escudero Acha P, Rodríguez Borregán JC, Peñasco Y. Mechanical power greater than 17 joules/min in patients with respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Med Intensiva 2023; 47:115-117. [PMID: 36543650 PMCID: PMC9606038 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A González-Castro
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
| | - E Cuenca Fito
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - A Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - P Escudero Acha
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - J C Rodríguez Borregán
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Y Peñasco
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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González-Castro A, Cuenca Fito E, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, Escudero Acha P, Rodríguez Borregán J, Peñasco Y. [Mechanical power greater than 17 joules/min in patients with respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection]. Med Intensiva 2023; 47:115-117. [PMID: 35634260 PMCID: PMC9127127 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Jo YY, Chang YJ, Lee D, Kim YB, Jung J, Kwak HJ. Comparisons of Mechanical Power and Respiratory Mechanics in Pressure-Controlled Ventilation and Volume-Controlled Ventilation during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Elderly Patients. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020201. [PMID: 36836435 PMCID: PMC9967818 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed ventilation (PCV) and volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) on respiratory mechanics and mechanical power (MP) in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopy. Fifty patients aged 65-80 years scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to either the VCV group (n = 25) or the PCV group (n = 25). The ventilator had the same settings in both modes. The change in MP over time was insignificant between the groups (p = 0.911). MP significantly increased during pneumoperitoneum in both groups compared with anesthesia induction (IND). The increase in MP from IND to 30 min after pneumoperitoneum (PP30) was not different between the VCV and PCV groups. The change in driving pressure (DP) over time were significantly different between the groups during surgery, and the increase in DP from IND to PP30 was significantly higher in the VCV group than in the PCV group (both p = 0.001). Changes in MP during PCV and VCV were similar in elderly patients, and MP increased significantly during pneumoperitoneum in both groups. However, MP did not reach clinical significance (≥12 J/min). In contrast, the PCV group had a significantly lower increase in DP after pneumoperitoneum than the VCV group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-460-3637; Fax: +82-32-469-6319
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Mechanical power is associated with weaning outcome in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19634. [PMID: 36385129 PMCID: PMC9669041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several single-center studies have evaluated the predictive performance of mechanical power (MP) on weaning outcomes in prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) patients. The relationship between MP and weaning outcomes in all IMV patients has rarely been studied. A retrospective study was conducted on MIMIC-IV patients with IMV for more than 24 h to investigate the correlation between MP and weaning outcome using logistic regression model and subgroup analysis. The discriminative ability of MP, MP normalized to dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn-MP) and MP normalized to predicted body weight (PBW-MP) on weaning outcome were evaluated by analyzing the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC). Following adjustment for confounding factors, compared with the reference group, the Odds Ratio of weaning failure in the maximum MP, Cdyn-MP, and PBW-MP groups increased to 3.33 [95%CI (2.04-4.53), P < 0.001], 3.58 [95%CI (2.27-5.56), P < 0.001] and 5.15 [95%CI (3.58-7.41), P < 0.001], respectively. The discriminative abilities of Cdyn-MP (AUROC 0.760 [95%CI 0.745-0.776]) and PBW-MP (AUROC 0.761 [95%CI 0.744-0.779]) were higher than MP (AUROC 0.745 [95%CI 0.730-0.761]) (P < 0.05). MP is associated with weaning outcomes in IMV patients and is an independent predictor of the risk of weaning failure. Cdyn-MP and PBW-MP showed higher ability in weaning failure prediction than MP.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Ibrahim EA, Ibrahim AS, Raza T. Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With Three Different Respiratory Support Modalities: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e31991. [PMID: 36589198 PMCID: PMC9797753 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had a considerable impact on intensive care utilization and resource optimization. Multiple modalities for respiratory support were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic with the main concern of being able to identify those patients at high risk of rapidly progressive respiratory failure, whom the early initiation of invasive respiratory support would, in particular, affect the outcome in comparison to the noninvasive management strategy. Objectives In our cohort study, we describe demographic characteristics, respiratory support modalities, and their relation to patient outcomes. Method Patients 18 years of age and older who were admitted to a tertiary center COVID-19-dedicated medical intensive care unit (MICU) in Qatar between March 2020 and May 2020 with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia were included in this study. Patients were divided into invasive or noninvasive, and those who required invasive strategy were subdivided into the early intubation group (patients who were intubated within 72 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission) and the late intubation group (patients who were intubated after 72 hours from ICU admission). The primary outcome was ICU and hospital mortality, and the secondary effects were the length of stay and mortality determinants. Results A total of 686 patients were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) during the study period. There were 222 (32.4%), 131 (19.1%), and 333 (48.5%) patients in the early, late, and not intubated groups, respectively. Compared to the late intubated group, the early intubated group had a higher proportion of males. Diabetes (39.8%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by hypertension (HTN) (36%) and heart disease (9.8%). The 30-day ICU and hospital mortality were significantly higher in the late intubated group compared to the early intubated group (30.5% versus 15.8%, and 30% versus 16.2%). The median ICU and hospital stay days in the total sample were 8 (interquartile range (IQR): 5-14) and 19 (IQR: 14-25), respectively. The mean estimates of 30-day ICU survival times for early intubated, late intubated, and not intubated groups were 25.14 (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.71, 26.57), 23.35 (95% CI: 21.63, 25.07), and 29.91 (95% CI: 29.74, 30.09) respectively. Conclusions In our study, the COVID-19 ARDS patients who required early invasive ventilatory support and in whom the physiological parameter was more severe (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores) had a better outcome than the late intubation group. Age more than 60 years old, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and chronic liver disease (CLD) were the main predictor of mortality in total.
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Spraider P, Martini J, Abram J, Putzer G, Ranalter M, Mathis S, Hell T, Barnes T, Enk D. Individualised flow-controlled ventilation versus pressure-controlled ventilation in a porcine model of thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation: A laboratory study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2022; 39:885-894. [PMID: 36125005 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) enables precise determination of dynamic compliance due to a continuous flow coupled with direct tracheal pressure measurement. Thus, pressure settings can be adjusted accordingly in an individualised approach. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare gas exchange of individualised FCV to pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) in a porcine model of simulated thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation (OLV). DESIGN Controlled interventional trial conducted on 16 domestic pigs. SETTING Animal operating facility at the Medical University of Innsbruck. INTERVENTIONS Thoracic surgery was simulated with left-sided thoracotomy and subsequent collapse of the lung over a period of three hours. When using FCV, ventilation was performed with compliance-guided pressure settings. When using PCV, end-expiratory pressure was adapted to achieve best compliance with peak pressure adjusted to achieve a tidal volume of 6 ml kg -1 during OLV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Gas exchange was assessed by the Horowitz index (= P aO 2 /FIO 2 ) and CO 2 removal by the P aCO 2 value in relation to required respiratory minute volume. RESULTS In the FCV group ( n = 8) normocapnia could be maintained throughout the OLV trial despite a significantly lower respiratory minute volume compared to the PCV group ( n = 8) (8.0 vs. 11.6, 95% confidence interval, CI -4.5 to -2.7 l min -1 ; P < 0.001), whereas permissive hypercapnia had to be accepted in PCV ( P aCO 2 5.68 vs. 6.89, 95% CI -1.7 to -0.7 kPa; P < 0.001). The Horowitz index was comparable in both groups but calculated mechanical power was significantly lower in FCV (7.5 vs. 22.0, 95% CI -17.2 to -11.8 J min -1 ; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this porcine study FCV maintained normocapnia during OLV, whereas permissive hypercapnia had to be accepted in PCV despite a substantially higher minute volume. Reducing exposure of the lungs to mechanical power applied by the ventilator in FCV offers a possible advantage for this mode of ventilation in terms of lung protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Spraider
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria (PS, JM, JA, GP, MR, SM), Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria (TH), University of Greenwich, UK (TB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (DE)
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Mingote Á, Marrero García R, Santos González M, Castejón R, Salas Antón C, Vargas Nuñez JA, García-Fernández J. Individualizing mechanical ventilation: titration of driving pressure to pulmonary elastance through Young's modulus in an acute respiratory distress syndrome animal model. Crit Care 2022; 26:316. [PMID: 36258235 PMCID: PMC9578179 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical ventilation increases the risk of lung injury (VILI). Some authors propose that the way to reduce VILI is to find the threshold of driving pressure below which VILI is minimized. In this study, we propose a method to titrate the driving pressure to pulmonary elastance in an acute respiratory distress syndrome model using Young’s modulus and its consequences on ventilatory-induced lung injury.
Material and methods 20 Wistar Han male rats were used. After generating an acute respiratory distress syndrome, two groups were studied: (a) standard protective mechanical ventilation: 10 rats received 150 min of mechanical ventilation with driving pressure = 14 cm H2O, tidal volume < 6 mL/kg) and (b) individualized mechanical ventilation: 10 rats received 150 min of mechanical ventilation with an individualized driving pressure according to their Young’s modulus. In both groups, an individualized PEEP was programmed in the same manner. We analyzed the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1ß in BAL and the acute lung injury score in lung tissue postmortem.
Results Global driving pressure was different between the groups (14 vs 11 cm H2O, p = 0.03). The individualized mechanical ventilation group had lower concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage of IL-6 (270 pg/mL vs 155 pg/mL, p = 0.02), TNF-α (292 pg/mL vs 139 pg/mL, p < 0.01) and IL-1ß (563 pg/mL vs 131 pg/mL, p = 0.05). They presented lower proportion of lymphocytes (96% vs 79%, p = 0.05) as well as lower lung injury score (6.0 points vs 2.0 points, p = 0.02). Conclusion In our model, individualization of DP to pulmonary elastance through Young’s modulus decreases lung inflammation and structural lung injury without a significant impact on oxygenation.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-022-04184-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Mingote
- grid.411171.30000 0004 0425 3881Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Unit, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda Universitary Hospital, Majadahonda. c/Manuel de Falla, 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramsés Marrero García
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Anaesthesia, Critical Care Department and Pain Unit, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martín Santos González
- grid.411171.30000 0004 0425 3881Medical and Surgical Research Unit, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda Universitary Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castejón
- Internal Medicine Laboratory, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda Universitary Hospital Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Salas Antón
- grid.411171.30000 0004 0425 3881Pathology Unit, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda Universitary Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Vargas Nuñez
- grid.411171.30000 0004 0425 3881Internal Medicine Unit, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda Universitary Hospital, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Fernández
- grid.411171.30000 0004 0425 3881Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Unit, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda Universitary Hospital, Majadahonda. c/Manuel de Falla, 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Hussein K, Ahmed AF, Omar MMA, Galhom RA, Salah M, Elrouby O, Nassar Y. Assessment of hemodynamics, blood gases, and lung histopathology of healthy Pig model on two different mechanical ventilators. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10736. [PMID: 36164656 PMCID: PMC9493143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to COVID-19 global crisis and arising from social responsibility, efforts have been exerted to promptly research, develop and manufacture ICU ventilators locally to meet the spike in demand. This study aimed at : Evaluating the safety and performance of a newly developed mechanical ventilator; EZVent compared to a commercial ventilator regarding hemodynamics, arterial blood gases (ABG), lung inflammatory markers, and histopathology in a healthy pig model using three different ventilation modes. Methods: Eight adult male pigs were anesthetized and randomly assigned into two equal groups: Commercial vent and EZVent group, the animals of which were ventilated using a standard commercial ventilator and EZVent, respectively. On every animal, three ventilation modes were tested, each mode for 30 min: CMV-VC, CMV-PC, and CPAP-PS modes. Vital signs, ECG, Lung Mechanics (LM), and ABG were measured before ventilation and after 30 min of ventilation of each mode. After animals' euthanasia, histological examinations of lung samples including morphometric assessment of alveolar edema, alveolar wall thickening, and the mean number of inflammatory cellular infiltrate/cm2 of lung tissue were analyzed. TNF-α and Il-6 expression and localization in lung tissue were assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results: The vital signs, LM, ABG, morphometric analysis, and histopathological score during the different ventilation modes showed non-significant differences between the study groups. TNF-α and IL-6 were minimally expressed in the bronchiolar epithelium and the alveolar septa. Their increased expression level was insignificant. Conclusion: EZVent is equivalent to the commercial ventilator regarding its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hussein
- Animal Surgery, Anesthesia, and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Ahmed
- Animal Surgery, Anesthesia, and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Magda M A Omar
- Animal Surgery, Anesthesia, and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania A Galhom
- Human Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Human Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ola Elrouby
- Clinical Research Department, TCD MENA, Egypt
| | - Yasser Nassar
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Boerger E, Russ M, von Platen P, Taher M, Hinken L, Pomprapa A, Koebrich R, Konietschke F, Graw JA, Lachmann B, Braun W, Leonhardt S, Pickerodt PA, Francis RCE. Induction of severe hypoxemia and low lung recruitability for the evaluation of therapeutic ventilation strategies: a translational model of combined surfactant-depletion and ventilator-induced lung injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2022; 10:32. [PMID: 35902450 PMCID: PMC9334469 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Models of hypoxemic lung injury caused by lavage-induced pulmonary surfactant depletion are prone to prompt recovery of blood oxygenation following recruitment maneuvers and have limited translational validity. We hypothesized that addition of injurious ventilation following surfactant-depletion creates a model of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with persistently low recruitability and higher levels of titrated "best" positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during protective ventilation. METHODS Two types of porcine lung injury were induced by lung lavage and 3 h of either protective or injurious ventilation, followed by 3 h of protective ventilation (N = 6 per group). Recruitment maneuvers (RM) and decremental PEEP trials comparing oxygenation versus dynamic compliance were performed after lavage and at 3 h intervals of ventilation. Pulmonary gas exchange function, respiratory mechanics, and ventilator-derived parameters were assessed after each RM to map the course of injury severity and recruitability. RESULTS Lung lavage impaired respiratory system compliance (Crs) and produced arterial oxygen tensions (PaO2) of 84±13 and 80±15 (FIO2 = 1.0) with prompt increase after RM to 270-395 mmHg in both groups. After subsequent 3 h of either protective or injurious ventilation, PaO2/FIO2 was 104±26 vs. 154±123 and increased to 369±132 vs. 167±87 mmHg in response to RM, respectively. After additional 3 h of protective ventilation, PaO2/FIO2 was 120±15 vs. 128±37 and increased to 470±68 vs. 185±129 mmHg in response to RM, respectively. Subsequently, decremental PEEP titration revealed that Crs peaked at 36 ± 10 vs. 25 ± 5 ml/cm H2O with PEEP of 12 vs. 16 cmH2O, and PaO2/FIO2 peaked at 563 ± 83 vs. 334 ± 148 mm Hg with PEEP of 16 vs. 22 cmH2O in the protective vs. injurious ventilation groups, respectively. The large disparity of recruitability between groups was not reflected in the Crs nor the magnitude of mechanical power present after injurious ventilation, once protective ventilation was resumed. CONCLUSION Addition of transitory injurious ventilation after lung lavage causes prolonged acute lung injury with diffuse alveolar damage and low recruitability yielding high titrated PEEP levels. Mimicking lung mechanical and functional characteristics of ARDS, this porcine model rectifies the constraints of single-hit lavage models and may enhance the translation of experimental research on mechanical ventilation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Boerger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Russ
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip von Platen
- Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mahdi Taher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Hinken
- Fritz Stephan GmbH, Kirchstr. 19, 56412, Gackenbach, Germany
| | - Anake Pomprapa
- Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Koebrich
- EKU Elektronik GmbH, Am Sportplatz, 56291, Leiningen, Germany
| | - Frank Konietschke
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Adriaan Graw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Lachmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Braun
- Fritz Stephan GmbH, Kirchstr. 19, 56412, Gackenbach, Germany
| | - Steffen Leonhardt
- Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp A Pickerodt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland C E Francis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13351, Berlin, Germany.
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Biselli PJC, Degobbi Tenorio Quirino Dos Santos Lopes F, Righetti RF, Moriya HT, Tibério IFLC, Martins MA. Lung Mechanics Over the Century: From Bench to Bedside and Back to Bench. Front Physiol 2022; 13:817263. [PMID: 35910573 PMCID: PMC9326096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.817263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung physiology research advanced significantly over the last 100 years. Respiratory mechanics applied to animal models of lung disease extended the knowledge of the workings of respiratory system. In human research, a better understanding of respiratory mechanics has contributed to development of mechanical ventilators. In this review, we explore the use of respiratory mechanics in basic science to investigate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We also discuss the use of lung mechanics in clinical care and its role on the development of modern mechanical ventilators. Additionally, we analyse some bench-developed technologies that are not in widespread use in the present but can become part of the clinical arsenal in the future. Finally, we explore some of the difficult questions that intensive care doctors still face when managing respiratory failure. Bringing back these questions to bench can help to solve them. Interaction between basic and translational science and human subject investigation can be very rewarding, as in the conceptualization of “Lung Protective Ventilation” principles. We expect this interaction to expand further generating new treatments and managing strategies for patients with respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Jose Cesare Biselli
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Paolo Jose Cesare Biselli,
| | | | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Serviço de Reabilitação, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Takachi Moriya
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Escola Politecnica, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Arruda Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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The PANDORA Study: Prevalence and Outcome of Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in the Pre-COVID-19 Era. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0684. [PMID: 35510152 PMCID: PMC9061169 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To establish the epidemiological characteristics, ventilator management, and outcomes in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), with or without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in the era of lung-protective mechanical ventilation (MV). DESIGN: A 6-month prospective, epidemiological, observational study. SETTING: A network of 22 multidisciplinary ICUs in Spain. PATIENTS: Consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with AHRF (defined as Pao2/Fio2 ≤ 300 mm Hg on positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] ≥ 5 cm H2O and Fio2 ≥ 0.3) and followed-up until hospital discharge. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Primary outcomes were prevalence of AHRF and ICU mortality. Secondary outcomes included prevalence of ARDS, ventilatory management, and use of adjunctive therapies. During the study period, 9,803 patients were admitted: 4,456 (45.5%) received MV, 1,271 (13%) met AHRF criteria (1,241 were included into the study: 333 [26.8%] met Berlin ARDS criteria and 908 [73.2%] did not). At baseline, tidal volume was 6.9 ± 1.1 mL/kg predicted body weight, PEEP 8.4 ± 3.1 cm H2O, Fio2 0.63 ± 0.22, and plateau pressure 21.5 ± 5.4 cm H2O. ARDS patients received higher Fio2 and PEEP than non-ARDS (0.75 ± 0.22 vs 0.59 ± 0.20 cm H2O and 10.3 ± 3.4 vs 7.7 ± 2.6 cm H2O, respectively [p < 0.0001]). Adjunctive therapies were rarely used in non-ARDS patients. Patients without ARDS had higher ventilator-free days than ARDS (12.2 ± 11.6 vs 9.3 ± 9.7 d; p < 0.001). All-cause ICU mortality was similar in AHRF with or without ARDS (34.8% [95% CI, 29.7–40.2] vs 35.5% [95% CI, 32.3–38.7]; p = 0.837). CONCLUSIONS: AHRF without ARDS is a very common syndrome in the ICU with a high mortality that requires specific studies into its epidemiology and ventilatory management. We found that the prevalence of ARDS was much lower than reported in recent observational studies.
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Franck CL, Franck GM. Influence of mechanical power and its components on mechanical ventilation in SARS-CoV-2. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2022; 34:212-219. [PMID: 35946651 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20220018-pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of mechanical power and its components on mechanical ventilation for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2; identify the values of the mechanical ventilation components and verify their correlations with each other and with the mechanical power and effects on the result of the Gattinoni-S and Giosa formulas. METHODS This was an observational, longitudinal, analytical and quantitative study of respirator and mechanical power parameters in patients with SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The mean mechanical power was 26.9J/minute (Gattinoni-S) and 30.3 J/minute (Giosa). The driving pressure was 14.4cmH2O, the plateau pressure was 26.5cmH2O, the positive end-expiratory pressure was 12.1cmH2O, the elastance was 40.6cmH2O/L, the tidal volume was 0.36L, and the respiratory rate was 32 breaths/minute. The correlation between the Gattinoni and Giosa formulas was 0.98, with a bias of -3.4J/minute and a difference in the correlation of the resistance pressure of 0.39 (Gattinoni) and 0.24 (Giosa). Among the components, the correlations between elastance and driving pressure (0.88), positive end-expiratory pressure (-0.54) and tidal volume (-0.44) stood out. CONCLUSION In the analysis of mechanical ventilation for patients with SARS-CoV-2, it was found that the correlations of its components with mechanical power influenced its high momentary values and and that the correlations of its components with each other influenced their behavior throughout the study period. Because they have specific effects on the Gatinnoni-S and Giosa formulas, the mechanical ventilation components influenced their calculations and caused divergence in the mechanical power values.
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Pelosi P, Tonelli R, Torregiani C, Baratella E, Confalonieri M, Battaglini D, Marchioni A, Confalonieri P, Clini E, Salton F, Ruaro B. Different Methods to Improve the Monitoring of Noninvasive Respiratory Support of Patients with Severe Pneumonia/ARDS Due to COVID-19: An Update. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1704. [PMID: 35330029 PMCID: PMC8952765 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest guidelines for the hospital care of patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory failure have moved towards the widely accepted use of noninvasive respiratory support (NIRS) as opposed to early intubation at the pandemic onset. The establishment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia goes through different pathophysiological phases that partially resemble typical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and have been categorized into different clinical-radiological phenotypes. These can variably benefit on the application of external positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during noninvasive mechanical ventilation, mainly due to variable levels of lung recruitment ability and lung compliance during different phases of the disease. A growing body of evidence suggests that intense respiratory effort producing excessive negative pleural pressure swings (Ppl) plays a critical role in the onset and progression of lung and diaphragm damage in patients treated with noninvasive respiratory support. Routine respiratory monitoring is mandatory to avoid the nasty continuation of NIRS in patients who are at higher risk for respiratory deterioration and could benefit from early initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation instead. Here we propose different monitoring methods both in the clinical and experimental settings adapted for this purpose, although further research is required to allow their extensive application in clinical practice. We reviewed the needs and available tools for clinical-physiological monitoring that aims at optimizing the ventilatory management of patients affected by acute respiratory distress syndrome due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.P.); (D.B.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Center for Rare Lung Disease, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (R.T.); (A.M.); (E.C.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Torregiani
- Pulmonology Department, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.T.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Elisa Baratella
- Department of Radiology, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Department, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.T.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Denise Battaglini
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.P.); (D.B.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Center for Rare Lung Disease, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (R.T.); (A.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Paola Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Department, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.T.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Center for Rare Lung Disease, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (R.T.); (A.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Francesco Salton
- Pulmonology Department, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.T.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Barbara Ruaro
- Pulmonology Department, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.T.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.S.)
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Ball L, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P. Editorial: Lung Imaging in Respiratory Failure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:862647. [PMID: 35309051 PMCID: PMC8927979 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.862647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ball
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorenzo Ball
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genoa, Italy
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AŞAR S, ACICBE Ö, SABAZ MS, KUCUR TÜLÜBAŞ E, HERGÜNSEL GO, ÇUKUROVA Z, CANAN E, ÇAKAR N. Simplified calculation of mechanical power for pressure controlled ventilation in Covid-19 ARDS patients. Minerva Anestesiol 2022; 88:42-50. [DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.21.15741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kalikkot Thekkeveedu R, El-Saie A, Prakash V, Katakam L, Shivanna B. Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) in Neonates: Evidence-Based Concepts and Lung-Protective Strategies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030557. [PMID: 35160009 PMCID: PMC8836835 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Supportive care with mechanical ventilation continues to be an essential strategy for managing severe neonatal respiratory failure; however, it is well known to cause and accentuate neonatal lung injury. The pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is multifactorial and complex, resulting predominantly from interactions between ventilator-related factors and patient-related factors. Importantly, VILI is a significant risk factor for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common chronic respiratory morbidity of preterm infants that lacks specific therapies, causes life-long morbidities, and imposes psychosocial and economic burdens. Studies of older children and adults suggest that understanding how and why VILI occurs is essential to developing strategies for mitigating VILI and its consequences. This article reviews the preclinical and clinical evidence on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of VILI in neonates. We also highlight the evidence behind various lung-protective strategies to guide clinicians in preventing and attenuating VILI and, by extension, BPD in neonates. Further, we provide a snapshot of future directions that may help minimize neonatal VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed El-Saie
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt
| | - Varsha Prakash
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Lakshmi Katakam
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +832-824-6474; Fax: +832-825-3204
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Xie Y, Zheng H, Mou Z, Wang Y, Li X. High Expression of CXCL10/CXCR3 in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury Caused by High Mechanical Power. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6803154. [PMID: 35036436 PMCID: PMC8759875 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6803154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The energy delivered by a ventilator to the respiratory system in one minute is defined as mechanical power (MP). However, the effect of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still unknown. Our previous studies revealed that CXCL10 may be a potential biomarker of lung injury in ARDS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the lung injury of rats and patients under different MP conditions to explore the involvement of CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 in VILI. METHODS Patients were divided into the high mechanical power group (HMPp group) and low mechanical power group (LMPp group), while rats were assigned to the high mechanical power group (HMPr group), medium mechanical power group (MMPr group), and low mechanical power group (LMPr group). CXCL10 and CXCR3 plasma content in ARDS patients and rats under ventilation at different MP was measured, as well as their protein and mRNA expression in rat lungs. RESULTS CXCL10 and CXCR3 content in the plasma of ARDS patients in the HMPp was significantly higher than that in the LMPp. The increase of MP during mechanical ventilation in the rats gradually increased lung damage, and CXCL10 and CXCR3 levels in rat plasma gradually increased with the increase of MP. CXCL10 and CXCR3 protein and mRNA expression in the HMPr group and MMPr group was significantly higher than that in the LMPr group (P < 0.05). More mast cells were present in the trachea, bronchus, blood vessels, and lymphatic system in the rat lungs of the HMPr group, and the number of mast cells in the HMPr group (13.32 ± 3.27) was significantly higher than that in the LMPr group (3.25 ± 0.29) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The higher the MP, the more severe the lung injury, and the higher the CXCL10/CXCR3 expression. Therefore, CXCL10/CXCR3 might participate in VILI by mediating mast cell chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhifang Mou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
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Khemani RG. Should We Embrace Mechanical Power to Understand the Risk of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury in Children? Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022; 23:71-74. [PMID: 34989714 PMCID: PMC8851678 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robinder G Khemani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Proulx F, Emeriaud G, François T, Joyal JS, Nardi N, Kawaguchi A, Jouvet P, Sauthier M. Oxygenation Defects, Ventilatory Ratio, and Mechanical Power During Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Longitudinal Time Sequence Analyses in a Single-Center Retrospective Cohort. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022; 23:22-33. [PMID: 34593741 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our understanding of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome is based on information from studies reporting intermittent, serial respiratory data. We have analyzed a high-resolution, longitudinal dataset that incorporates measures of hypoxemia severity, metrics of lung mechanics, ventilatory ratio, and mechanical power and examined associations with survival after the onset of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. DESIGN Single-center retrospective cohort, 2013-2018. SETTING Tertiary surgical/medical PICU. PATIENTS Seventy-six cases of severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, determined according to the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference criteria. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The high-resolution database included continuous monitoring of ventilatory data (0.03 Hz) for up to 14 days after the diagnosis of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome or until extubation or death (n = 26). In the 12,128 hours of data during conventional mechanical ventilation, we used generalized estimating equations to compare groups, accounting for any effect of time. We identified an association between survival and faster rate of improvement in delta pressure (peak inspiratory pressure minus positive end-expiratory pressure; p = 0.028). Nonsurvival was associated with higher daily Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 scores (p = 0.005) and more severe hypoxemia metrics (p = 0.005). Mortality was also associated with the following respiratory/pulmonary metrics (mean difference [95% CI]): positive end-expiratory pressure level (+2.0 cm H2O [0.8-3.2 cm H2O]; p = 0.001), peak inspiratory pressure level (+3.0 cm H2O [0.5-5.5 cm H2O]; p = 0.022), respiratory rate (z scores +2.2 [0.9-3.6]; p = 0.003], ventilatory ratio (+0.41 [0.28-0.55]; p = 0.0001], and mechanical power (+5 Joules/min [1-10 Joules/min]; p = 0.013). Based on generalized linear mixed modeling, mechanical power remained associated with mortality after adjustment for normal respiratory rate, age, and daily Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score (+3 Joules/breath [1-6 Joules/breath]; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Mortality after severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with the severity of organ dysfunction, oxygenation defects, and pulmonary metrics including dead space and theoretical mechanical energy load.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Proulx
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Emeriaud
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tine François
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Nardi
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philippe Jouvet
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michaël Sauthier
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Yuki K, Koutsogiannaki S. Translational Role of Rodent Models to Study Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. TRANSLATIONAL PERIOPERATIVE AND PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 8:404-415. [PMID: 34993270 PMCID: PMC8729883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is an important part of medical care in intensive care units and operating rooms to support respiration. While it is a critical component of medical care, it is well known that mechanical ventilation itself can be injurious to the lungs. Despite a large number of clinical and preclinical studies that have been done so far, there still exists a gap of knowledge regarding how to ventilate patients mechanically without increasing lung injury. Here, we will review what we have learned so far from preclinical and clinical studies and consider how to use preclinical models of ventilation-induced lung injury that better recapitulate the clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yuki
- Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, USA,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, USA,Corresponding Authors: Sophia Koutsogiannaki, Ph.D and Koichi Yuki, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, USA, ;
| | - Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, USA,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, USA,Corresponding Authors: Sophia Koutsogiannaki, Ph.D and Koichi Yuki, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, USA, ;
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Zhu Y, Peng W, Zhen S, Jiang X. Mechanical power normalized to predicted body weight is associated with mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:278. [PMID: 34753416 PMCID: PMC8578006 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical power (MP), defined as the amount of energy produced by mechanical ventilation and released into the respiratory system, was reportedly a determining factor in the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury. However, previous studies suggest that the effects of MP were proportional to their involvement in the total lung function size. Therefore, MP normalized to the predicted body weight (norMP) should outperform the absolute MP value. The objective of this research is to determine the connection between norMP and mortality in critically ill patients who have been on invasive ventilation for at least 48 h. Methods This is a study of data stored in the databases of the MIMIC–III, which contains data of critically ill patients for over 50,000. The study involved critically ill patients who had been on invasive ventilation for at least 48 h. norMP was the relevant exposure. The major endpoint was ICU mortality, the secondary endpoints were 30-day, 90-day mortality; ICU length of stay, the number of ventilator-free days at day 28. Result The study involved a total of 1301 critically ill patients. This study revealed that norMP was correlated with ICU mortality [OR per quartile increase 1.33 (95% CI 1.16–1.52), p < 0.001]. Similarly, norMP was correlated with ventilator-free days at day 28, ICU length of stay. In the subgroup analysis, high norMP was associated with ICU mortality whether low or high Vt (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09–1.57, p = 0.004; OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.62, p = 0.008, respectively). But high norMP was associated with ICU mortality only in low PIP (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.38, p = 0.034). Conclusion Our findings indicate that higher norMP is independently linked with elevated ICU mortality and various other clinical findings in critically ill patients with a minimum of 48 h of invasive ventilation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-021-01497-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Pinghu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyong Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Zhen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
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Postoperative pulmonale Komplikationen nach chirurgischen Eingriffen. ANÄSTHESIE NACHRICHTEN 2021. [PMCID: PMC8720644 DOI: 10.1007/s44179-021-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Correlation Analysis between Mechanical Power and Lung Ultrasound Score and Their Evaluation of Severity and Prognosis in ARDS Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4156162. [PMID: 34513990 PMCID: PMC8429004 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4156162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methods A total of 121 patients with moderate to severe ARDS admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from June 2017 to April 2020 and treated with invasive mechanical ventilation were sequentially included in this study. Their general information was collected, and MP was recorded at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after admission to the ICU. Professionally trained researchers performed the LUS assessments. Patients were divided into the death and survival groups according to their 28-day prognosis. The trend of MP and LUS at the four time points was analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive value of MP and LUS scores at 0 h and 72 h for the prognosis (28-day mortality rate) of patients with moderate to severe ARDS. Results 121 patients were included in the analysis, of which 73 were male and 48 were female. When patients entered the ICU, their oxygenation index (t: 30885, P < 0.01), APACHE II score (t: 2.105, P < 0.05), and SOFA score (t: 4.134, P < 0.001) were higher in the death group than the survival group. The death group had significantly higher MP and LUS at each time point (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) compared to the survival group (all P < 0.05). There was a significant upward trend over time in the MP and LUS of the death group, contrasting to a significant downward trend in the survival group (all P < 0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis showed that MP and LUS were significantly positively correlated at each time point (r values: 0 h: 0.3027; 24 h: 0.3705; 48 h: 0.3902; 72 h: 0.5916; all P < 0.01). The ROC curves showed that MP and LUS at 72 h were of significant value in predicting the prognosis of ARDS patients, with areas under the curve of 0.866 ± 0.032 and 0.839 ± 0.037, respectively. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between the MP and LUS of ARDS patients at four time points from 0 to 72 h, which has a clinical value in evaluating severity and prognosis.
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Singh AV, Romeo A, Scott K, Wagener S, Leibrock L, Laux P, Luch A, Kerkar P, Balakrishnan S, Dakua SP, Park B. Emerging Technologies for In Vitro Inhalation Toxicology. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100633. [PMID: 34292676 PMCID: PMC11468957 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory toxicology remains a major research area in the 21st century since current scenario of airborne viral infection transmission and pollutant inhalation is expected to raise the annual morbidity beyond 2 million. Clinical and epidemiological research connecting human exposure to air contaminants to understand adverse pulmonary health outcomes is, therefore, an immediate subject of human health assessment. Important observations in defining systemic effects of environmental contaminants on inhalation metabolic dysfunction, liver health, and gastrointestinal tract have been well explored with in vivo models. In this review, a framework is provided, a paradigm is established about inhalation toxicity testing in vitro, and a brief overview of breathing Lungs-on-Chip (LoC) as design concepts is given. The optimized bioengineering approaches and microfluidics with their fundamental pros, and cons are presented. There are different strategies that researchers apply to inhalation toxicity studies to assess a variety of inhalable substances and relevant LoC approaches. A case study from published literature and frame arguments about reproducibility as well as in vitro/in vivo correlations are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in soft robotics, systems inhalation toxicology approach integrating bioengineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to address a multitude model for future toxicology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10Berlin10589Germany
| | - Anthony Romeo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringRayen School of EngineeringYoungstown State UniversityYoungstownOH44555USA
| | - Kassandra Scott
- Department of Chemical EngineeringRayen School of EngineeringYoungstown State UniversityYoungstownOH44555USA
| | - Sandra Wagener
- Department of Chemical and Product SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10Berlin10589Germany
| | - Lars Leibrock
- Department of Chemical and Product SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10Berlin10589Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10Berlin10589Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10Berlin10589Germany
| | - Pranali Kerkar
- ICMR – National AIDS Research Institute (NARI)PuneMaharashtra411026India
| | | | | | - Byung‐Wook Park
- Department of Chemical EngineeringRayen School of EngineeringYoungstown State UniversityYoungstownOH44555USA
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Miniaturization of Respiratory Measurement System in Artificial Ventilator for Small Animal Experiments to Reduce Dead Space and Its Application to Lung Elasticity Evaluation. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21155123. [PMID: 34372359 PMCID: PMC8347339 DOI: 10.3390/s21155123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A respiratory measurement system composed of pressure and airflow sensors was introduced to precisely control the respiratory condition during animal experiments. The flow sensor was a hot-wire thermal airflow meter with a directional detection and airflow temperature change compensation function based on MEMS technology, and the pressure sensor was a commercially available one also produced by MEMS. The artificial dead space in the system was minimized to the value of 0.11 mL by integrating the two sensors on the same plate (26.0 mm × 15.0 mm). A balloon made of a silicone resin with a hardness of A30 was utilized as the simulated lung system and applied to the elasticity evaluation of the respiratory system in a living rat. The inside of the respiratory system was normally pressurized without damage, and we confirmed that the developed system was able to evaluate the elasticity of the lung tissue in the rat by using the pressure value obtained at the quasi-static conditions in the case of the ventilation in the animal experiments.
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Pelosi P, Ball L, Barbas CSV, Bellomo R, Burns KEA, Einav S, Gattinoni L, Laffey JG, Marini JJ, Myatra SN, Schultz MJ, Teboul JL, Rocco PRM. Personalized mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2021; 25:250. [PMID: 34271958 PMCID: PMC8284184 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A personalized mechanical ventilation approach for patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) based on lung physiology and morphology, ARDS etiology, lung imaging, and biological phenotypes may improve ventilation practice and outcome. However, additional research is warranted before personalized mechanical ventilation strategies can be applied at the bedside. Ventilatory parameters should be titrated based on close monitoring of targeted physiologic variables and individualized goals. Although low tidal volume (VT) is a standard of care, further individualization of VT may necessitate the evaluation of lung volume reserve (e.g., inspiratory capacity). Low driving pressures provide a target for clinicians to adjust VT and possibly to optimize positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), while maintaining plateau pressures below safety thresholds. Esophageal pressure monitoring allows estimation of transpulmonary pressure, but its use requires technical skill and correct physiologic interpretation for clinical application at the bedside. Mechanical power considers ventilatory parameters as a whole in the optimization of ventilation setting, but further studies are necessary to assess its clinical relevance. The identification of recruitability in patients with ARDS is essential to titrate and individualize PEEP. To define gas-exchange targets for individual patients, clinicians should consider issues related to oxygen transport and dead space. In this review, we discuss the rationale for personalized approaches to mechanical ventilation for patients with ARDS, the role of lung imaging, phenotype identification, physiologically based individualized approaches to ventilation, and a future research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 16, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Ball
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 16, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen S V Barbas
- Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Adult Intensive Care Unit, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, The University of Melbourne and Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen E A Burns
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon Einav
- Intensive Care Unit of the Shaare Zedek Medical Medical Centre, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luciano Gattinoni
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Emergency, and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John G Laffey
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, and School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John J Marini
- University of Minnesota and Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sheila N Myatra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean Louis Teboul
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Inserm UMR S_999, AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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