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Cheng F, Tian D. Correlation in retinal thickness and macular retina plus choroidal microcirculation in pediatric myopia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38915. [PMID: 39058840 PMCID: PMC11272281 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To analyze the relationship in retinal thickness, macula retina and choroidal microcirculation in pediatric patients with myopia. Pediatric patients with high myopia (high myopia group, n = 30, 60 eyes) and pediatric patients with low to moderate myopia (low myopia group, n = 30, 60 eyes) admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were randomly selected as the study subjects. Retinal thickness, the blood density of retina, and the blood density of the choroid were collected in each area of the macula by taking optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to compare the results from the 2 groups. Outer retinal thickness showed a weak positive correlation with Superficial vascular complex flow density (SVD) and deep vascular complex flow density (DVD) (P < .05), but no significant correlation with choroidal capillary density (P > .05); inner retinal thickness showed a weak positive correlation with SVD and DVD (P < .05), but no significant correlation with choroidal capillary density (P > .05). In pediatric patients with myopia, there is a positive correlation between the blood flow density of macular retina and retinal thickness, and the retinal thickness will become thinner with increasing myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Enshi Aier Eye Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
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Shin YI, Kim YK, Jeoung JW, Park KH. Intraocular pressure reduction and progression of highly myopic glaucoma: a 12-year follow-up cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:1124-1129. [PMID: 38164537 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-323069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate any association between intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction amount and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) progression in highly myopic eyes and to determine the associated risk factors. METHODS One hundred and thirty-one (131) eyes of 131 patients with highly myopic OAG, all of whom had received topical medications and been followed for 5 years or longer, were enrolled. Based on the IOP reduction percentage, patients were categorised into tertile groups, and subsequently, the upper-tertile and lower-tertile groups were compared for the cumulative probability of glaucoma progression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank testing were applied in the comparison, and multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazard model, additionally, was performed to identify progression risk factors. RESULTS Throughout the average 11.6±4.4 year follow-up on the 131 eyes (mean age, 41.2 years at initial visit; baseline IOP, 16.4 mm Hg), 72 eyes (55.0%) showed glaucoma progression. The upper-tertile group (IOP reduction percentage>23.7%) showed a high cumulative probability of non-progression relative to the lower-tertile group (IOP reduction percentage<11.0%; p=0.034), according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Presence of disc haemorrhage (DH; HR=2.189; p=0.032) was determined by the multivariate Cox's proportional hazard model to be significantly associated with glaucoma progression. For progressors, the average rate of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness thinning was -0.88±0.74 µm/year, while the MD change was -0.42±0.36 dB/year. CONCLUSIONS Glaucoma progression is associated with amount of IOP reduction by topical medications in highly myopic eyes, and DH occurrence is a glaucoma progression risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young In Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Han Y, Wang X, Xue CC, Jonas JB, Wang YX. Lamina Cribrosa Configurations in Highly Myopic and Non-Highly Myopic Eyes: The Beijing Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:28. [PMID: 39023442 PMCID: PMC11262544 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.8.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics of lamina cribrosa (LC) configuration in highly myopic (HM) eyes. Methods Participants from the Beijing Eye Study 2011, free of optic nerve or retinal diseases, were randomly selected to examine LC depth (LCD) and LC tilt (LCT) using three-dimensional optical coherent tomography images of the optic nerve head (ONH). LCD and LCT were measured as the distance and angle between the LC plane with two reference planes, including the Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) plane and the peripapillary sclera (PPS) plane, respectively. Each parameter was measured in both horizontal and vertical B-scans. Results The study included 685 individuals (685 eyes) aged 59.6 ± 7.7 years, including 72 HM eyes and 613 non-HM eyes. LCD measurements showed no significant differences between HM eyes and non-HM eyes in both horizontal (LCD-BMO = 421.83 ± 107.86 µm for HM eyes vs. 447.24 ± 104.94 µm for non-HM eyes, P = 0.18; and LCD-PPS = 406.39 ± 127.69 µm vs. 394.00 ± 101.64 µm, P = 1.00) and vertical directions (LCD-BMO = 435.78 ± 101.29 µm vs. 450.97 ± 106.54 µm, P = 0.70; and LCD-PPS = 401.62 ± 109.9 µm vs. 379.85 ± 110.35 µm, P = 0.35). However, the LCT was significantly more negative (tilted) in HM eyes than in non-HM eyes horizontally (LCT-BMO = -4.38 ± 5.94 degrees vs. -0.04 ± 5.86 degrees, P < 0.001; and LCT-PPS = -3.16 ± 5.23 degrees vs. -0.94 ± 4.71 degrees, P = 0.003), but not vertically (P = 1.00). Conclusions Although LCD did not differ significantly between HM and non-HM eyes, LCT was more negative in HM eyes, suggesting that the temporal or inferior side of the LC was closer to the reference plane. These findings provide insights into morphological and structural changes in the LC and ONH between HM and non-HM eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Han
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Can Xue
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Institut Français de Myopie, Paris, France
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Yang P, Li Y, Zhang W, Li S. Effect of Low-Concentration Atropine Eye Drops in Controlling the Progression of Myopia in Children: A One- and Two-Year Follow-Up Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:240-248. [PMID: 37528608 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2232462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atropine eye drops have been shown to slow the progression of myopia, but there has been limited research on the effectiveness of 0.05% atropine in treating myopia. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of 0.05% atropine eye drops in controlling myopia in children. METHODS The study included 424 participants aged 6 to 12 years between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2021. Of these, 213 were randomly assigned to the 0.05% atropine group and 211 to the placebo group. The cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), corneal curvature (K), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured using IOLMaster. The lens power and corneal astigmatism were also determined. The changes in ocular biometric parameters were compared between the two groups, and the contributions of ocular characteristics to SE progression were calculated and compared. RESULTS Over a 12-month period, the changes in spherical equivalent were -0.03 ± 0.28 and -0.32 ± 0.14 in the atropine and placebo groups, respectively (P = .01). The changes in axial length were 0.06 ± 0.11 and 0.17 ± 0.12, respectively (P = .01). At 18 and 24 months, there were significant differences in axial length and spherical equivalent between the atropine and placebo groups. Multiple regression models accounting for changes in AL, K, and lens magnification explained 87.23% and 98.32% of SE changes in the atropine and placebo groups, respectively. At 1 year (p = .01) and 2 years (p = .03), there were significant differences in photophobia between the atropine and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS This two-year follow-up study demonstrates that 0.05% atropine eye drops are safe and effective in preventing the development of myopia in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peihua Yang
- Tianjin Open University College of Social Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Yuanfang Ophthalmology Clinic, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China. Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Youth Myopia and Treatment of Pediatric Strabismus and Amblyopia, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weixiao Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shumao Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital Optometric Center, Tianjin, China
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Toprak G, Ulaş F, Kaymaz A, Soydan A, Kaplan A, Alkan Y, Özdemir B, Bayrak A. Evaluation and comparison of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in normal and moderate myopic individuals. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104077. [PMID: 38582391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) parameters in patients with moderate myopia and healthy individuals retrospectively. METHODS A total of 80 male individuals aged 18-20 years were included in the study with 40 moderate myopic and 40 healthy persons. All participants underwent detailed ocular examination including refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, biomicroscopy, OCTA measurement and optic biometry measurement. Retinal, retinal nerve fiber layer and choroidal layer thicknesses were evaluated in µm with the help of the software available in the OCTA device. RESULTS The mean axial length (24.32 ± 0.53 mm) was statistically significantly higher in the moderate myopic group (24.32 mm) compared to the healthy group (23.33 ± 0.61 mm) (p < 0.001). Spherical equivalent (SE) was found as -3.79 ± 0.91 D in the moderate myopic group and -0.22 ± 0.32 D in the healthy group (p < 0.05). The mean superficial foveal mean density (FovSupMVD) and the mean deep foveal mean density (FovDepMVD) were statistically significantly lower in the moderate myopic group than in the healthy group (both, p < 0.001). The mean retinal temporal thickness (RTt) was statistically significantly lower in the moderate myopic group (p = 0.017). There was a mild negative correlation between axial length and FovSupMVD, FovDepMVD in myopes. In axial length ROC analysis, the cutoff value for moderate myopes was found to be 24.15 mm. Mean superficial foveal mean density (FovSupMVD) and mean deep foveal mean density (FovDepMVD), mean retinal temporal thickness (RTt) were significantly lower in the group above 24.15 mm axial length compared to the group below 24.15 mm axial length (all three, p < 0.001). Foveal avascular zone was significantly higher in the group above 24.15 mm axial length (p = 0.016) CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that the mean axial length and spherical equivalent were significantly higher, while retinal temporal thickness, the mean superficial foveal mean density and the mean deep foveal mean density were significantly lower in patients with myopia up to -6.0 D compared to the healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güvenç Toprak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Ulaş
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Kaymaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
| | - Adem Soydan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
| | - Abdulfatih Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
| | - Yunus Alkan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mardin Derik State Hospital, Mardin 47800, Turkey
| | - Buse Özdemir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale 71450, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bayrak
- Macuria, Die Makulaxperten Augenpraxis, Meckenbeuren 88047, Germany
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Bu Q, Zhu H, Cao G, Gong G, Su Y, Ge Q, Zhu W, Li Z, Pan X. Targeting mechanics-induced trabecular meshwork dysfunction through YAP-TGFβ Ameliorates high myopia-induced ocular hypertension. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109853. [PMID: 38453038 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
High myopia is a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The pathological mechanism of high myopia induced POAG occurrence is not fully understood. In this study, we successfully established the guinea pig model of ocular hypertension with high myopia, and demonstrated the susceptibility of high myopia for the occurrence of microbead-induced glaucoma compared with non-myopia group and the effect of YAP/TGF-β signaling pathway in TM pathogenesis induced by high myopia. Moreover, we performed stretching treatment on primary trabecular meshwork (TM) cells to simulate the mechanical environment of high myopia. It was found that stretching treatment disrupted the cytoskeleton, decreased phagocytic function, enhanced ECM remodeling, and promoted cell apoptosis. The experiments of mechanics-induced human TM cell lines appeared the similar trend. Mechanically, the differential expressed genes of TM cells caused by stretch treatment enriched YAP/TGF-β signaling pathway. To inhibit YAP/TGF-β signaling pathway effectively reversed mechanics-induced TM damage. Together, this study enriches mechanistic insights of high myopia induced POAG susceptibility and provides a potential target for the prevention of POAG with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Bu
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 271016, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Guangliang Cao
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 271016, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ganyu Gong
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 271016, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ying Su
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Qingshu Ge
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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Kuoliene K, Danieliene E, Tutkuviene J. Eye morphometry, body size, and flexibility parameters in myopic adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6787. [PMID: 38514709 PMCID: PMC10958051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical and physiological ocular parameters in adolescents with myopia and to examine the relations between refractive error (SER), ocular biometry, body size and flexibility parameters in myopic adolescents. A cross-sectional study of 184 myopic adolescents, aged 15 to 19 years was conducted. Refractive error and corneal curvature measures of the eye were evaluated using an autorefractometer under cycloplegia. Central corneal thickness was determined by contact pachymetry. The ocular axial length, anterior and vitreous chamber depth, and lens thickness were measured using A-scan biometry ultrasonography. Height and body weight were measured according to a standardized protocol. Body mass index (BMI) was subsequently calculated. Beighton scale was used to measure joint flexibility. Body stature was positively correlated with ocular axial length (r = 0.39, p < 0.001) and vitreous chamber depth (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between height and SER (r = - 0.46; p < 0.001). Beighton score and body weight had weak positive correlations with axial length and vitreous chamber depth, and a weak negative correlation with SER. A significantly more negative SER was observed in the increased joint mobility group (p < 0.05; U = 5065.5) as compared to normal joint mobility group: mean - 4.37 ± 1.85 D (median - 4.25; IQR - 6.25 to - 3.25 D) and mean - 3.72 ± 1.66 D (median - 3.50; IQR - 4.75 to - 2.25 D) respectively. There was a strong association between height and axial length, as well as SER. Higher degree of myopia significantly correlated with greater Beighton score (increased joint mobility).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kuoliene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egle Danieliene
- Clinic of Ear, Nose, Throat and Eye Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Tutkuviene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Zhang XB, Jiang HH, Zhang LL, Li CJ, Chen C, Xing MZ, Ma YN, Ma YX. Potential causal associations between leisure sedentary behaviors, physical activity, sleep traits, and myopia: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38443833 PMCID: PMC10913247 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is the most prevalent refractive error and a growing global health concern that significantly affects visual function. Researchers have recently emphasized considerably on the influence of lifestyle on myopia incidence and development. This study investigates the relationship between leisure sedentary behaviors (LSB)/physical activity (PA)/sleep traits and myopia. METHODS LSB, PA, and sleep trait-associated genetic variants were used as instrument variables in a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine their causal effects on myopia. Summary genome-wide association studies (GWASs) statistical data for LSB and PA were obtained from UK Biobank, and the data of sleep traits was obtained from UK Biobank, UK Biobank and 23andMe, and FinnGen. We used summary statistics data for myopia from MRC IEU. The MR analyses was performed using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier methods. RESULTS Computer use was genetically predicted to increase the myopia risk [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.057; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.038-1.078; P = 7.04 × 10- 9]. The self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (IVW OR = 0.962; 95% CI, 0.932-0.993; P = 1.57 × 10- 2) and television watching (IVW OR = 0.973; 95% CI, 0.961-0.985, P = 1.93 × 10- 5) were significantly associated with a lower myopia risk. However, genetically predicted sleep traits or accelerometer-measured physical activity had no significant associations with myopia. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that computer use is a risk factor for myopia, whereas television watching and MVPA may protect against myopia. These findings shed new light on possible strategies for reducing the prevalence of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - He-He Jiang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Jing Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng-Zhen Xing
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Ning Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu-Xia Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Micheletti E, El-Nimri N, Nishida T, Moghimi S, Rezapour J, Fazio MA, Suh MH, Bowd C, Belghith A, Christopher M, Jonas JB, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM. Central visual field damage in glaucoma eyes with choroidal microvasculature dropout with and without high axial myopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:372-379. [PMID: 36805846 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterise the relationship between a deep-layer microvasculature dropout (MvD) and central visual field (VF) damage in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with and without high axial myopia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Seventy-one eyes (49 patients) with high axial myopia and POAG and 125 non-highly myopic POAG eyes (97 patients) were enrolled. Presence, area and angular circumference of juxtapapillary MvD were evaluated on optical coherence tomography angiography B-scans and en-face choroidal images. RESULTS Juxtapapillary MvD was detected more often in the highly myopic POAG eyes (43 eyes, 86%) than in the non-highly myopic eyes (73 eyes, 61.9%; p=0.002). In eyes with MvD, MvD area and angular circumference (95% CI) were significantly larger in the highly myopic eyes compared with the non-highly myopic eyes (area: (0.69 (0.40, 0.98) mm2 vs 0.31 (0.19, 0.42) mm2, p=0.011) and (angular circumference: 84.3 (62.9, 105.8) vs 74.5 (58.3, 90.9) degrees, p<0.001), respectively. 24-2 VF mean deviation (MD) was significantly worse in eyes with MvD compared with eyes without MvD in both groups (p<0.001). After adjusting for 24-2 MD VF, central VF defects were more frequently found in eyes with MvD compared with eyes without MvD (82.7% vs 60.9%, p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, higher intraocular pressure, worse 24-2 VF MD, longer axial length and greater MvD area and angular circumference were associated with worse 10-2 VF MD. CONCLUSIONS MvD was more prevalent and larger in POAG eyes with high myopia than in non-highly myopic POAG eyes. In both groups, eyes with MvD showed worse glaucoma severity and more central VF defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Micheletti
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nevin El-Nimri
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takashi Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sasan Moghimi
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jasmin Rezapour
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Massimo A Fazio
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Min Hee Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Christopher Bowd
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Akram Belghith
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark Christopher
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda M Zangwill
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Che D, Qiao D, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Tong S, Miao P, Zhou J. Changes in choroidal hemodynamics of form-deprivation myopia in Guinea pigs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149348. [PMID: 38064999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied changes in the choroid, particularly variation in blood flow, during the development of myopia. The hemodynamic mechanism in play remains unclear. We evaluated blood flow by quantitating indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence in a guinea pig model of form-deprivation myopia. METHODS Guinea pigs were divided into form-deprivation myopia (FDM) and normal control (NC) groups. Ocular biometric and choroidal hemodynamics parameters were quantitatively derived via ICG imaging, and included the maximal ICG fluorescence intensity (Imax), rising time (Trising), blood flow index (BFI), and mean transit time (MTT). RESULTS Form deprivation was associated with significant interocular differences in terms of both refractive error and axial length. ICG fluorescence hemodynamic maps of fundal blood flow and vasculature density were evident. In deprived eyes, the fluorescence signals exhibited significantly longer Trising and MTT but lower Imax and BFI than fellow eyes and NC group. The interocular differences in terms of the ocular biometric and hemodynamic parameters were significantly correlated. Hemodynamic analysis of choriocapillaris lobules revealed weakened fluorescence intensity and prolonged arrival and filling times in deprived eyes. Form deprivation reduced the number of lobulated choriocapillaris structures. CONCLUSION Form-deprivation myopia triggered changes in the hemodynamic and vascular network structures of the choroid and choriocapillaris. The ICG fluorescence imaging/analysis method provides a unique tool for further myopia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danlei Qiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimin Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Miao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jibo Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Lim YJ, Bang JW, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM, Suh MH. Temporal Optic Disc Microvasculature Dropout in Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 37540177 PMCID: PMC10408767 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the clinical characteristics of focal temporal optic disc microvasculature dropout (MvD-D) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS One hundred and eighty-seven eyes of 187 POAG patients having MvD-D on Swept-Source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) were enrolled. Three groups were categorized according to the presence of temporal MvD-D within the upper and lower 45° of the fovea-Bruch's membrane (BM) opening axis: focal temporal MvD-D (Group 1, isolated focal temporal MvD-D; 44 eyes), supero/inferotemporal MvD-D (Group 2, MvD-D only in superotemporal or inferotemporal sector; 78 eyes), and diffuse temporal MvD-D (Group 3, MvD-D spanning ≥ 2 consecutive sectors, at least one of which being temporal sector; 65 eyes). RESULTS Group 1 had a significantly longer axial length and β-zone parapapillary atrophy without BM. There also was a larger horizontal tilt angle and ovality index than the other two groups (P < 0.001). Group 1 had a significantly thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the temporal sector than did Group 2 (P < 0.001), despite similar thicknesses in all other areas (P > 0.05). Group 3 had significantly worse visual field mean deviation and thinner RNFL than the other two groups in all areas other than the nasal, temporal, and superotemporal sectors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Focal temporal MvD-D detected by SS-OCTA was associated with a longer axial length and related subsequent morphological changes of the optic disc and parapapillary area. This suggests that stretching of the optic disc consequent on axial elongation may lead to absence of temporal optic disc microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jong Wook Bang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, and the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Linda M. Zangwill
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, and the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Min Hee Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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12
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Liu X, Jiang L, Ke M, Sigal IA, Chua J, Hoang QV, Chia AW, Najjar RP, Tan B, Cheong J, Bellemo V, Chong RS, Girard MJA, Ang M, Liu M, Garhöfer G, Barathi VA, Saw SM, Villiger M, Schmetterer L. Posterior scleral birefringence measured by triple-input polarization-sensitive imaging as a biomarker of myopia progression. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:986-1000. [PMID: 37365268 PMCID: PMC10427432 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In myopic eyes, pathological remodelling of collagen in the posterior sclera has mostly been observed ex vivo. Here we report the development of triple-input polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) for measuring posterior scleral birefringence. In guinea pigs and humans, the technique offers superior imaging sensitivities and accuracies than dual-input polarization-sensitive OCT. In 8-week-long studies with young guinea pigs, scleral birefringence was positively correlated with spherical equivalent refractive errors and predicted the onset of myopia. In a cross-sectional study involving adult individuals, scleral birefringence was associated with myopia status and negatively correlated with refractive errors. Triple-input polarization-sensitive OCT may help establish posterior scleral birefringence as a non-invasive biomarker for assessing the progression of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liqin Jiang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengyuan Ke
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian A Sigal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quan V Hoang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Audrey Wi Chia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond P Najjar
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingyao Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Cheong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valentina Bellemo
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel S Chong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michaël J A Girard
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veluchamy A Barathi
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Pre-Clinical Model Platform, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, ,National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Liu C, Li M, Shen Y, Han X, Wei R, Wang Y, Xu S, Zhou X. Targeting choroidal vasculopathy via up-regulation of tRNA-derived fragment tRF-22 expression for controlling progression of myopia. J Transl Med 2023; 21:412. [PMID: 37355654 PMCID: PMC10290315 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia has emerged as a major public health concern globally, which is tightly associated with scleral extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and choroidal vasculopathy. Choroidal vasculopathy has gradually been recognized as a critical trigger of myopic pathology. However, the precise mechanism controlling choroidal vasculopathy remains unclear. Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are known as a novel class of small non-coding RNAs that plays important roles in several biological and pathological processes. In this study, we investigated the role of tRF-22-8BWS72092 (tRF-22) in choroidal vasculopathy and myopia progression. METHODS The tRF-22 expression pattern under myopia-related stresses was detected by qRT-PCR. MTT assays, EdU incorporation assays, Transwell migration assays, and Matrigel assays were conducted to detect the role of tRF-22 in choroidal endothelial cell function in vitro. Isolectin B4 staining and choroidal sprouting assay ex vivo were conducted to detect the role of tRF-22 in choroidal vascular dysfunction in vivo. Immunofluorescent staining, western blot assays and ocular biometric parameters measurement were performed to examine whether altering tRF-22 expression in choroid affects scleral hypoxia and ECM remodeling and myopia progression in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assays were conducted to identify the downstream targets of tRF-22. RNA-sequencing combined with m6A-qPCR assays were used to identify the m6A modified targets of METTL3. Gain-of-function and Loss-of-function analysis were performed to reveal the mechanism of tRF-22/METTL3-mediated choroidal vascular dysfunction. RESULTS The results revealed that tRF-22 expression was significantly down-regulated in myopic choroid. tRF-22 overexpression alleviated choroidal vasculopathy and retarded the progression of myopia in vivo. tRF-22 regulated choroidal endothelial cell viability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability in vitro. Mechanistically, tRF-22 interacted with METTL3 and blocked m6A methylation of Axin1 and Arid1b mRNA transcripts, which led to increased expression of Axin1 and Arid1b. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that the intervention of choroidal vasculopathy via tRF-22-METTL3- Axin1/Arid1b axis is a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with myopic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Meiyan Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yaming Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruoyan Wei
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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14
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Lu Q, Du Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li H, He W, Tang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhu X, Lu Y. A Genome-Wide Association Study for Susceptibility to Axial Length in Highly Myopic Eyes. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:255-267. [PMID: 37325711 PMCID: PMC10260730 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High myopia has long been highly prevalent worldwide with a largely yet unexplained genetic contribution. To identify novel susceptibility genes for axial length (AL) in highly myopic eyes, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the genomic dataset of 350 deep whole-genome sequencing data from highly myopic patients. Top single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were functionally annotated. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were performed using neural retina of form-deprived myopic mice. Enrichment analyses were further performed. We identified the four top SNPs and found that ADAM Metallopeptidase With Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 16 (ADAMTS16) and Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Anchor Biosynthesis Class Z (PIGZ) had the potential of clinical significance. Animal experiments confirmed that PIGZ expression could be observed and showed higher expression level in form-deprived mice, especially in the ganglion cell layer. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of both ADAMTS16 and PIGZ were significantly higher in the neural retina of form-deprived eyes (p = 0.005 and 0.007 respectively), and both proteins showed significantly upregulated expression in the neural retina of deprived eyes (p = 0.004 and 0.042, respectively). Enrichment analysis revealed a significant role of cellular adhesion and signal transduction in AL, and also several AL-related pathways including circadian entrainment and inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels were proposed. In conclusion, the current study identified four novel SNPs associated with AL in highly myopic eyes and confirmed that the expression of ADAMTS16 and PIGZ was significantly upregulated in neural retina of deprived eyes. Enrichment analyses provided novel insight into the etiology of high myopia and opened avenues for future research interest. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00082-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yating Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yinglei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
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15
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Ostrin LA, Harb E, Nickla DL, Read SA, Alonso-Caneiro D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Zhou X, Wildsoet CF. IMI-The Dynamic Choroid: New Insights, Challenges, and Potential Significance for Human Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:4. [PMID: 37126359 PMCID: PMC10153586 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid is the richly vascular layer of the eye located between the sclera and Bruch's membrane. Early studies in animals, as well as more recent studies in humans, have demonstrated that the choroid is a dynamic, multifunctional structure, with its thickness directly and indirectly subject to modulation by a variety of physiologic and visual stimuli. In this review, the anatomy and function of the choroid are summarized and links between the choroid, eye growth regulation, and myopia, as demonstrated in animal models, discussed. Methods for quantifying choroidal thickness in the human eye and associated challenges are described, the literature examining choroidal changes in response to various visual stimuli and refractive error-related differences are summarized, and the potential implications of the latter for myopia are considered. This review also allowed for the reexamination of the hypothesis that short-term changes in choroidal thickness induced by pharmacologic, optical, or environmental stimuli are predictive of future long-term changes in axial elongation, and the speculation that short-term choroidal thickening can be used as a biomarker of treatment efficacy for myopia control therapies, with the general conclusion that current evidence is not sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Ostrin
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Elise Harb
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Debora L Nickla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Disease, New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Scott A Read
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology-Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology-Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Christine F Wildsoet
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Sun MT, Tran M, Singh K, Chang R, Wang H, Sun Y. Glaucoma and Myopia: Diagnostic Challenges. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030562. [PMID: 36979497 PMCID: PMC10046607 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising global prevalence of myopia is a growing concern for clinicians, as it predisposes patients to severe ocular pathologies including glaucoma. High myopia can be associated with clinical features that resemble glaucomatous damage, which make an accurate glaucoma diagnosis challenging, particularly among patients with normal intraocular pressures. These patients may also present with established visual field defects which can mimic glaucoma, and standard imaging technology is less useful in disease detection and monitoring due to the lack of normative data for these anatomically unique eyes. Progression over time remains the most critical factor in facilitating the detection of early glaucomatous changes, and thus careful longitudinal follow-up of high-risk myopic patients is the most important aspect of management. Here, we review our current understanding of the complex relationship between myopia and glaucoma, and the diagnostic challenges and limitations of current testing protocols including visual field, intraocular pressure, and imaging. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical findings of two highly myopic patients with suspected glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Kuldev Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huaizhou Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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17
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Song D, Lim S, Park J, Demer JL. Linear viscoelasticity of human sclera and posterior ocular tissues during tensile creep. J Biomech 2023; 151:111530. [PMID: 36933327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite presumed relevance to ocular diseases, the viscoelastic properties of the posterior human eye have not been evaluated in detail. We performed creep testing to characterize the viscoelastic properties of ocular regions, including the sclera, optic nerve (ON) and ON sheath. METHODS We tested 10 pairs of postmortem human eyes of average age 77 ± 17 years, consisting of 5 males and 5 females. Except for the ON that was tested in native shape, tissues were trimmed into rectangles. With physiologic temperature and constant wetting, tissues were rapidly loaded to tensile stress that was maintained by servo feedback as length was monitored for 1,500 sec. Relaxation modulus was computed using Prony series, and Deborah numbers estimated for times scales of physiological eye movements. RESULTS Correlation between creep rate and applied stress level was negligible for all tissues, permitting description as linear viscoelastic materials characterized by lumped parameter compliance equations for limiting behaviors. The ON was the most compliant, and anterior sclera least compliant, with similar intermediate values for posterior sclera and ON sheath. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that linear behavior eventually become dominant after long time. For the range of typical pursuit tracking, all tissues exhibit Debora numbers less than 75, and should be regarded as viscoelastic. With a 6.7 Deborah number, this is especially so for the ON during pursuit and convergence. CONCLUSIONS Posterior ocular tissues exhibit creep consistent with linear viscoelasticity necessary for describing biomechanical behavior of the ON, its sheath, and sclera during physiological eye movements and eccentric ocular fixations. Running Head: Tensile Creep of Human Ocular Tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooseop Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Seongjin Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Joseph Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Joseph L Demer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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18
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Does PLEX ® Elite 9000 OCT Identify and Characterize Most Posterior Pole Lesions in Highly Myopic Patients? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051846. [PMID: 36902634 PMCID: PMC10003842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High myopia (HM) is defined as an axial length (AL) ≥ 26 mm that may result in various pathologies that constitute pathologic myopia (PM). The PLEX® Elite 9000 (Carl Zeiss AC, Jena, Germany) is a new swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) underdevelopment that allows wider, deeper and more detailed posterior-segment visualization; it can acquire ultra-wide OCT angiography (OCTA) or new ultra-wide high-density scans in one image. We assessed the technology's ability to identify/characterize/quantify staphylomas and posterior pole lesions or image biomarkers in highly myopic Spanish patients and estimate the technology's potential to detect macular pathology. The instrument acquired 6 × 6 OCTA, 12 × 12 or 6 × 6 OCT cubes, and at least two high-definition spotlight single scans. A hundred consecutive patients (179 eyes; age, 51.4 ± 16.8 years; AL, 28.8 ± 2.33 mm) were recruited in one center for this prospective observational study. Six eyes were excluded because images were not acquired. The most common alterations were perforating scleral vessels (88.8%), classifiable staphyloma (68.7%), vascular folds (43%), extrafoveal retinoschisis (24%), dome-shaped macula (15.6%), and more uncommonly, scleral dehiscence (4.46%), intrachoroidal cavitation (3.35%), and macular pit (2.2%). The retinal thickness of these patients decreased, and the foveal avascular zone increased in the superficial plexus compared with normal eyes. SS-OCT is a novel potent tool that can detect most main posterior pole complications in PM and may provide us with a better understanding of the associated pathologies; some pathologies were identifiable only with this new kind of equipment, such as perforating scleral vessels, which seem to be the most common finding and not so frequently related to choroidal neovascularization, as previously reported.
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19
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Gao L, Zhou Y, Liu G. Comments on "Effects of refractive accommodation on subfoveal choroidal thickness in silicone oil-filled eyes" BMC Ophthalmology (2022) 22:107 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-022-02332-y. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:479. [PMID: 36482314 PMCID: PMC9732979 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, 139 Xingfujie, Weifang, 261000 Shandong China ,grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Zhengda Guangming International Eye Reserch Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Zhengda Guangming International Eye Reserch Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangsen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, 139 Xingfujie, Weifang, 261000 Shandong China
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20
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Hu G, Xie J, Shi Y, Li M, Ye L, Chen Q, Lv H, Yin Y, Zou H, He J, Zhu J, Fan Y, Xu X. Morphological characteristics of the optic nerve head and impacts on longitudinal change in macular choroidal thickness during myopia progression. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e1708-e1718. [PMID: 35611544 PMCID: PMC9790274 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between morphological characteristics of Bruch's membrane opening distance (BMOD), border length (BL), border tissue angle (BTA), peripapillary atrophy (PPA) as well as axial length (AL) and incident decreased macular choroidal thickness (mChT) in young healthy myopic eyes. METHODS A total of 323 participants aged 17-30 years were included in the current 2-year longitudinal study. Each participant underwent detailed ocular examinations at baseline and follow-up. Data of AL, refraction error, PPA area, BMOD, BL, BTA and mChT were measured individually. Incident decreased mChT was defined as follow-up mChT of participants decreased into the lowest quartile of baseline mChT. RESULTS Subjects with longer AL, longer BMOD were more likely to have incident decreased mChT (odds ratio [OR], 1.56; 2.09, respectively, per 1 Z-score increment), whereas larger BTA was less likely to develop decreased mChT (odds ratio [OR], 0.51, per 1 Z-score increment). The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of basic risk model for incident decreased mChT was 0.6284. After adding BMOD, BTA and AL separately to the basic risk model, the AUROC of the combination could reach 0.6967, 0.6944 and 0.7383, respectively. After combining BMOD, BTA and AL to the basic model, the AUROC of the combination showed the highest AUROC of 0.7608. CONCLUSIONS Bruch's membrane opening distance and AL are significant risk factors for incident decreased mChT, whereas BTA played protective role in the deterioration of mChT. In addition, a combination of BMOD, BTA and AL could serve as earlier predictors of the attenuation of mChT in myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiamin Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Ya Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Menghan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Luyao Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Hanyi Lv
- Department of OphthalmologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yao Yin
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiangnan He
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterShanghai Eye HospitalShanghaiChina,National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina
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Swierkowska J, Karolak JA, Vishweswaraiah S, Mrugacz M, Radhakrishna U, Gajecka M. Decreased Levels of DNA Methylation in the PCDHA Gene Cluster as a Risk Factor for Early-Onset High Myopia in Young Children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:31. [PMID: 36036911 PMCID: PMC9434983 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High myopia (HM), an eye disorder with at least –6.0 diopters refractive error, has a complex etiology with environmental, genetic, and likely epigenetic factors involved. To complement the DNA methylation assessment in children with HM, we analyzed genes that had significantly lower DNA methylation levels. Methods The DNA methylation pattern was studied based on the genome-wide methylation data of 18 Polish children with HM paired with 18 controls. Genes overlapping CG dinucleotides with decreased methylation level in HM cases were assessed by enrichment analyses. From those, genes with CG dinucleotides in promoter regions were further evaluated based on exome sequencing (ES) data of 16 patients with HM from unrelated Polish families, Sanger sequencing data of the studied children, and the RNA sequencing data of human retinal ARPE-19 cells. Results The CG dinucleotide with the most decreased methylation level in cases was identified in a promoter region of PCDHA10 that overlaps intronic regions of PCDHA1–9 of the PCDHA gene cluster in myopia 5q31 locus. Also, two single nucleotide variants, rs200661444, detected in our ES, and rs246073, previously found as associated with a refractive error in a genome-wide association study, were revealed within this gene cluster. Additionally, genes previously linked to ocular phenotypes, myopia-related traits, or loci, including ADAM20, ZFAND6, ETS1, ABHD13, SBSPON, SORBS2, LMOD3, ATXN1, and FARP2, were found to have decreased methylation. Conclusions Alterations in the methylation pattern of specific CG dinucleotides may be associated with early-onset HM, so this could be used to develop noninvasive biomarkers of HM in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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22
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Meng Y, Long K, Chen J, Luo J. Effect of High Myopia on Delayed Absorption of Subretinal Fluid after Scleral Buckling Surgery. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133906. [PMID: 35807191 PMCID: PMC9267211 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the absorption of subretinal fluid (SRF) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with and without high myopia after scleral buckling (SB) and investigated the effect of high myopia on SRF absorption. This retrospective study included patients with primary macula-off RRD grouped according to myopia and age. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography indicators included subretinal fluid height (SRFH), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal capillary blood flow density (CCFD) measured regularly. The presence of SRF 3 months after surgery was defined as delayed absorption. Overall, 90 eyes of 89 patients were enrolled, and 46 eyes (51.11%) had high myopia. In 43 eyes (47.78%), SRF absorption was delayed. There was no significant difference in SRF absorption after SB between the high and non-high myopia groups; younger patients (<35 years) had a higher probability of delayed absorption (p < 0.05). The SFCT in high myopia was significantly thinner than that in the non-high myopia group (p < 0.05); SFCT and SRFH were positively correlated (rs = 0.275, p = 0.002), and there was a significant difference between the average CCFD with and without SRF (p < 0.05). High myopia had no significant effect on SRF absorption after SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Kejun Long
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (K.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (K.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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Cheng D, Ruan K, Wu M, Qiao Y, Gao W, Lian H, Shen M, Bao F, Yang Y, Zhu J, Huang H, Meng X, Shen L, Ye Y. Characteristics of the Optic Nerve Head in Myopic Eyes Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:20. [PMID: 35731511 PMCID: PMC9233286 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the characteristics of the optic nerve head (ONH) in myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods Participants were divided into three groups according to the axial length (AL). The optic disc morphology, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD), optic disc tilt, rotation, Bruch's membrane opening distance (BMOD), border length (BL), border tissue angle, focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defects, β- and γ-zone peripapillary atrophy (PPA), microvasculature dropout (MvD), choroidal thickness (CT), and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were compared. Linear regression analysis evaluated relationships between spherical equivalent, AL, and ONH parameters. Results One hundred five, 98, and 118 eyes were included in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. With AL increasing, the mean, superior and temporal CT, central mean and temporal, pericentral mean, inferior and nasal RPC VD, and temporal CVI decreased, whereas the mean and temporal RNFL thickness, optic disc, RIM and β-PPA area, presence and area of γ-PPA, BMOD and BL increased. Compared to other groups, group 3 depicted a larger cup area, more focal LC defect and total and juxtapapillary MvD; a lower central superior, inferior and nasal, pericentral superior, and temporal RPC VD. Group 1 demonstrated more tilted disc, larger inferior and nasal CT, mean, superior, inferior, and nasal CVI. Conclusions Myopia eyes have larger ONH changes, PPAs, regional RNFL, and MvD, but smaller regional CTs, RPC VD, and CVIs. SS-OCT may be useful in detecting ONH variations during myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiming Ruan
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minhui Wu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilin Qiao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqian Gao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengli Lian
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangjun Bao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizeng Yang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiying Huang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang Y, Cao H. Corneal and Scleral Biomechanics in Ophthalmic Diseases: An Updated Review. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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25
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Mochida S, Yoshida T, Nomura T, Hatake R, Ohno-Matsui K. Association between peripheral visual field defects and focal lamina cribrosa defects in highly myopic eyes. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2022; 66:285-295. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-022-00909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Lai W, Wu X, Liang H. Identification of the Potential Key Genes and Pathways Involved in Lens Changes of High Myopia. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2867-2875. [PMID: 35300133 PMCID: PMC8922318 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hao Liang, Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Tey KY, Hoang QV, Loh IQ, Dan YS, Wong QY, Yu DJG, Yandri VR, Ang M, Cheung GCM, Lee SY, Wong TY, Chong RS, Wong CW. Multimodal Imaging-Based Phenotyping of a Singaporean Hospital-Based Cohort of High Myopia Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:670229. [PMID: 35059405 PMCID: PMC8764286 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.670229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the effect of axial length (AL) on the prevalence of pathologic myopia (PM) and associated myopic features in a Singaporean hospital-based cohort of patient with high myopia (HM). Methods: In total, 923 HM eyes from 495 individuals were recruited from the Myopic and Pathologic Eyes in Singapore (MyoPES) cohort and underwent ocular biometry, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Images were analyzed for the presence of myopic macular degeneration (MMD), myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV), myopic traction maculopathy (MTM), peripapillary atrophy (PPA), myopic tilted disc, posterior staphyloma (PS), dome-shaped macula (DSM), vitremacular adhesions (VMA), and the epiretinal membrane (ERM). Eyes were stratified into quartiles based on ALs to determine cut-off values to perform comparisons between shorter-length and longer-length groups. A χ2-test was done to determine the difference in the prevalence of pathologies between groups. Results: Overall, mean AL was 29.2 ± 2.2 mm (range 25.0-36.7 mm). Myopic macular degeneration, PPA, myopic tilted disc, and ERM have AL threshold of ≥27.5 mm, whereas MTM has an AL threshold of ≥29.0 mm. We found that there was a significantly higher prevalence of MMD (88.2 vs. 49.4%; p < 0.001), PPA (98.1 vs. 80.1%; p < 0.001), myopic tilted disc (72.7 vs. 50.2%; p < 0.001), and ERM (81.4 vs. 17.3%; p = 0.003) in eyes with AL ≥ 27.5 mm vs. eyes without AL <27.5 mm. Prevalence of MTM (34.7 vs. 32.1%; p < 0.001), mCNV (17.4 vs. 12.1%; p = 0.03), PS (43.4 vs. 34.7%; p = 0.012), DSM (21.3 vs. 13.2%; p = 0.002), and VMA (5.9 vs. 2.6%; p = 0.014) in eyes with AL ≥ 29.0 mm compared with AL < 29.0 mm. Conclusion: Our study describes the overall prevalence of PM and related pathologies among patients with HM in our hospital-based cohort. Longer eyes even among HM eyes had a significantly higher prevalence of PM-associated pathologies studied. This supports the premise that eyes with longer AL, even among HM eyes may be at greater risk of vision-threatening changes and therefore merit regular follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan Tey
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quan V. Hoang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Quan V. Hoang
| | - Isabella Q. Loh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Shan Dan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiu Ying Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daryle Jason G. Yu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivi R. Yandri
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gemmy C. M. Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Yen Lee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rachel S. Chong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wai Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Queirós A, Cerviño A, González-Méijome JM. Peripheral refraction of myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction and lens free emmetropes during accommodation. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 8:45. [PMID: 34847960 PMCID: PMC8638353 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-021-00267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure axial and off-axis refraction patterns in myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction and lens free emmetropes in young healthy subjects at different target distances from 2.00 m (0.50 D) to 0.20 m (5.00 D) in terms of sphere, astigmatism, and spherical equivalent refraction. METHODS Refraction was measured at the center, 20 and 40 degrees from the line of sight both nasally and temporally in 15 emmetropic and 25 myopic young healthy subjects with an open field, binocular, infrared autorefractor (Grand Seiko WAM-5500, Hiroshima, Japan). Fixation target was a Maltese cross set at 2.00, 0.50, 0.33 and 0.20 m from the corneal plane. Changes in off-axis refraction with accommodation level were normalized with respect to distance axial values and compared between myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction and lens free emmetropes. RESULTS Off-axis refraction in myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction was significantly more myopic in the temporal retina compared to lens free emmetropes except for the closest target distance. Relative off-axis refractive error changed significantly with accommodation when compared to axial refraction particularly in the myopic group. This change in the negative direction was due to changes in the spherical component of refraction that became more myopic relative to the center at the 0.20 m distance as the J0 component of astigmatism was significantly reduced in both emmetropes and myopes for the closest target. CONCLUSION Accommodation to very near targets (up to 0.20 m) makes the off-axis refraction of myopes wearing their spectacle correction similar to that of lens free emmetropes. A significant reduction in off-axis astigmatism was also observed for the 0.20 m distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Queirós
- Clinical & Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab), Center of Physics (Optometry), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Alejandro Cerviño
- Optometry Research Group, Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Méijome
- Clinical & Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab), Center of Physics (Optometry), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Wang P, Chen S, Liu Y, Lin F, Song Y, Li T, Aung T, Zhang X. Lowering Intraocular Pressure: A Potential Approach for Controlling High Myopia Progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:17. [PMID: 34787640 PMCID: PMC8606873 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia is among the most common causes of vision impairment, and it is mainly characterized by abnormal elongation of the axial length, leading to pathologic changes in the ocular structures. Owing to the close relationship between high myopia and glaucoma, the association between intraocular pressure (IOP) and high myopia progression has garnered attention. However, whether lowering IOP can retard the progression of high myopia is unclear. On reviewing previous studies, we suggest that lowering IOP plays a role in progressive axial length elongation in high myopia, particularly in pathologic myopia, wherein the sclera is more remodeled. Based on the responses of the ocular layers, we further proposed the potential mechanisms. For the sclera, lowering the IOP could inhibit the activation of scleral fibroblasts and then reduce scleral remodeling, and a decrease in the scleral distending force would retard the ocular expansion like a balloon. For the choroid, lowering IOP results in an increase in choroidal blood perfusion, thereby reducing scleral hypoxia and slowing down scleral remodeling. The final effect of these pathways is slowing axial elongation and the development of scleral staphyloma. Further animal and clinical studies regarding high myopia with varied degree of IOP and the changes of choroid and sclera during IOP fluctuation in high myopia are needed to verify the role of IOP in the pathogenesis and progression of high myopia. It is hoped that this may lead to the development of a prospective treatment option to prevent and control high myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shida Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengbin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuozhang Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore National Eye Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Jothi Balaji J, Lakshminarayanan V. ODTiD: Optic Nerve Head SD-OCT Image Dataset. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:4239-4245. [PMID: 34707343 PMCID: PMC8544271 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s337174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Optic disc tilt (ODT) or tilted optic disc is a common finding in the general population. It is due to anomalous development caused by the malclosure of the embryonic optic fissure. ODT is commonly associated with high myopia as well as other conditions. In recent days, the common method to image the optic disc (OD) is by optical coherence tomography (OCT). To the best of our knowledge, there are no datasets of ODT available in the public domain. This dataset aims to make open access raw ODT OCT images to test out new image processing segmentation algorithms. Methods This dataset of ODT images contains both horizontal and vertical cross-sectional images obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT, Cirrus 5000, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). The optic disc cube 200×200 program was used and all the images are aligned with the center of the optic nerve head. This dataset includes images from both clinically normal (20 eyes) and myopic subjects (101 eyes). Results The dataset consists of clear (121) and manually marked (121) images resulting in a total of 242 images. The age distribution for all subjects combined is 27.24 ± 9.28 (range, 11.0-69.0) years. For normal subjects mean ± SD age distribution is 32.40 ± 17.23 years. Similarly, the myopia age distribution is 26.22 ± 6.37 years. Ground truth images, ie, manually segmented by a clinical expert are provided along with other meta-data includes age, gender, laterality, refractive error classification, spherical equivalent (SE), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial length (AXL). Conclusion This open, public database is online at the ICPSR website of the University of Michigan. The dataset can be used to test and validate newly developed automated segmentation algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan
- Theoretical and Experimental Epistemology Lab, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Hu S, Ouyang S, Liu H, Zhang D, Deng Z. The effect of Wnt/β-catenin pathway on the scleral remolding in the mouse during form deprivation. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3099-3107. [PMID: 33983548 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many reports have shown that Wnt/β-Catenin pathway is associated with a variety of diseases, but its role in the pathogenesis of myopia is still unknown. In order to clarify the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the development of form deprivation myopia (FDM), this study investigated the expression of scleral Wls, β-catenin and TCF4 in mice model of form deprivation (FD) myopia. METHODS Three parallel experimental groups, including FD, monocular exposure (SC) and binocular exposure (NC) group, were designed to investigate the effects of Wnt/β-Catenin pathway on scleral remodeling mouse during form deprivation in three-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Diopters and axial lengths (AL) in each sample were measured with an infrared eccentric refractometer or spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The expression of scleral Wls, β-catenin and TCF4 were detected with Western blot. Morphological changes of posterior sclera were observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The above characterization and analysis were performed on the 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days, respectively. RESULTS The difference of diopter and AL between the three groups (SC, NC and FD group) gradually increased with the prolongation of FD time (except AL between SC and NC groups). The changes of diopter and AL gradually increased with the prolongation of FD time. Especially, the diopter and AL will increase sharply after FD lasts for a long time, such as the measurement on the 21st for diopter and 28th days for AL. Most notably, the AL of FD eyes significantly increased after 28 days of deprivation. Thinning and disordered arrangement of collagen fibers and a decrease of extracellular matrix were observed with TEM. The expression of scleral Wls, β-catenin and TCF4 increased with age in the NC and SC group. In FD group, they increased significantly on the 7th, 14th and 21st days but decreased on the 28th day. CONCLUSIONS The expression of Wls, β-Catenin and TCF4 to FD were more sensitive indicators than that of diopter and AL. Within the first 7 days of FD, the expression of Wls, β-Catenin and TCF4 in sclera increased sharply. With the extension of FD duration, it gradually decreased. It is suggested that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway might be involved in the scleral remodeling induced in FDM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Ouyang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daren Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Muralidharan AR, Lança C, Biswas S, Barathi VA, Wan Yu Shermaine L, Seang-Mei S, Milea D, Najjar RP. Light and myopia: from epidemiological studies to neurobiological mechanisms. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2021; 13:25158414211059246. [PMID: 34988370 PMCID: PMC8721425 DOI: 10.1177/25158414211059246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is far beyond its inconvenience and represents a true, highly prevalent, sight-threatening ocular condition, especially in Asia. Without adequate interventions, the current epidemic of myopia is projected to affect 50% of the world population by 2050, becoming the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Although blurred vision, the predominant symptom of myopia, can be improved by contact lenses, glasses or refractive surgery, corrected myopia, particularly high myopia, still carries the risk of secondary blinding complications such as glaucoma, myopic maculopathy and retinal detachment, prompting the need for prevention. Epidemiological studies have reported an association between outdoor time and myopia prevention in children. The protective effect of time spent outdoors could be due to the unique characteristics (intensity, spectral distribution, temporal pattern, etc.) of sunlight that are lacking in artificial lighting. Concomitantly, studies in animal models have highlighted the efficacy of light and its components in delaying or even stopping the development of myopia and endeavoured to elucidate possible mechanisms involved in this process. In this narrative review, we (1) summarize the current knowledge concerning light modulation of ocular growth and refractive error development based on studies in human and animal models, (2) summarize potential neurobiological mechanisms involved in the effects of light on ocular growth and emmetropization and (3) highlight a potential pathway for the translational development of noninvasive light-therapy strategies for myopia prevention in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Milea
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Raymond P Najjar
- Visual Neurosciences Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856
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