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Zhang X, Chen Y, Lv Z, Zhou L, Guo Y. Analysis of the effects of β-mannanase on immune function and intestinal flora in broilers fed the low energy diet based on 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103581. [PMID: 38460218 PMCID: PMC11067779 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
As an enzyme, β-mannanase (BM) can be widely used as feed additive to improve the growth performance of animals. This experiment aimed to determine the effect of the addition of BM to low-energy diet on the immune function and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. In this study, 384 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups (8 replicates per group): positive control (PC, received a corn-soybean meal basal diet), negative control (NC, received a low-energy diet with Metabolizable Energy (ME) reduced by 50 kcal/kg) and NC + BM group (NC birds + 100 mg/kg BM). All birds were raised for 42 d. The results showed that BM mitigated the damage of immune function in peripheral blood of broilers caused by the decrease of dietary energy level by increasing the Concanavalin A (Con A) index of stimulation (SI) and macrophages phagocytic activity in the peripheral blood of broilers at 42 d (P < 0.05). The analysis of cecum flora showed that the low-energy diet significantly reduced the observed_species index (P < 0.01), Chao1 index and ACE index (P < 0.05), which reduced the abundance and evenness of species in the cecum of broilers at 21 d. It also significantly reduced the relative abundance of Candidatus_Arthromitus and significantly increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas in the cecum of broilers at 21 d, while also significantly increasing the relative abundance of Monoglobus at 42 d. BM significantly increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_615 in the cecum of broilers at 21 d. In addition, BM inhibited microbial Fatty acid degradation by decreasing the activity of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Collectively, BM could improve intestinal health by enhancing the immune function of broilers, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and reducing the number of harmful bacteria, regulating intestinal flora, thereby alleviating the adverse effects of lower dietary energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangjuan Zhou
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang X, Xu H, Gong L, Wang J, Fu J, Lv Z, Zhou L, Li X, Liu Q, Xia P, Guo Y. Mannanase improves the growth performance of broilers by alleviating inflammation of the intestinal epithelium and improving intestinal microbiota. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:376-394. [PMID: 38371477 PMCID: PMC10874740 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to discuss and reveal the effect and mechanism of mannanase on intestinal inflammation in broilers triggered by a soybean meal diet. In this experiment, 384 Arbor Acres broilers at 1 d old were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups. The broilers were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, a low-energy diet (metabolizable energy reduced by 50 kcal/kg), and a low-energy diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg mannanase for 42 d. The low-energy diet increased feed conversion ratio from 0 to 42 d, reduced ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the ileum (P < 0.05). It also reduced cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as acetic acid (P < 0.05). Compared with low-energy diets, the addition of mannanase increased body weight at 42 d, promoted the digestibility of nutrients, and maintained the morphology and integrity of the intestinal epithelium of broilers (P < 0.05). In addition, mannanase upregulated the expression of claudin-1 (CLDN1) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum at 21 d, downregulated the expression of ileal NF-κB, and increased the content of isobutyric acid in the cecum of broilers (P < 0.05). The results for the ileal microbiota showed that a low-energy diet led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum of broilers. The addition of mannanase increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus-KC45b and Lactobacillus johnsonii in broilers. Furthermore, a low-energy diet reduced the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the intestine of broilers and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and phosphoinositol metabolism. Mannanase increased the relative abundance of Odoribacter, promoted energy metabolism and N-glycan biosynthesis, and increased the activities of GH3 and GH18. It is concluded that mannanase could improve the growth performance of broilers by reducing the expression of NF-κB in the ileum, increasing the production of SCFA in the cecum, suppressing intestinal inflammation, balancing the intestinal microbiota, reducing damage to the intestinal barrier, and improving the efficiency of nutrient utilization to alleviate the adverse effects caused by the decrease in dietary energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liangjuan Zhou
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Pingyu Xia
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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3
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Sampath V, Cho S, Lee BR, Kim NH, Kim IH. Enhancement of protective vaccine-induced antibody titer to swine diseases and growth performance by Amino-Zn, yucca extract, and β-mannanase feed additive in wean-finishing pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1095877. [PMID: 37662989 PMCID: PMC10470888 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1095877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Amino-Zn (AZn), Yucca schidigera extract (YE), and β-mannanase enzyme supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal gas emission, and immune response in pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs (6.57 ± 1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: CON-corn soybean meal (basal diet); TRT1-CON +1,000 ppm AZn + 0.07% yucca extract (YE) + 0.05% β-mannanase; and TRT2-CON +2,000 ppm AZn + 0.07% YE+ 0.05% β-mannanase for 22 weeks. Each treatment had 12 replicates with 5 pigs per pen. Pigs fed a diet supplemented with AZn, YE, and β-mannanase linearly increased (p < 0.05) BW and average daily gain at weeks 6, 12, 17, and 18. In contrast, the gain-to-feed ratio showed a linear increase (p < 0.05) from weeks 6 to 17 and the overall trial period. Moreover, the inclusion of experimental diets linearly decreased (p > 0.05) noxious gas emissions such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, and methyl mercaptans. The dietary inclusion of AZn, YE, and β-mannanase significantly increased the serological immune responses to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV-O type) at the end of week 6 and porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) at week 19. Based on this result, we infer that the combination of AZn, YE, and β-mannanase supplement would serve as a novel in-feed additive to enhance growth performance and act as a boosting agent and immune stimulatory to increase the efficacy of swine vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvi Sampath
- Department of Animal Resources, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Animal Resources, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Nam-Hun Kim
- ZinexBio Corporation, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resources, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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4
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Genova JL, Azevedo LBD, Rupolo PE, Cordeiro FBC, Vilela HLO, Careli PS, de Castro Fidelis Toledo D, Carvalho ST, Kipper M, Rennó LN, Faveri JC, de Oliveira Carvalho PL. β-mannanase supplemented in diets saved 85 to 100 kcal of metabolizable energy/kg, supporting growth performance and improving nutrient digestibility in grower pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12546. [PMID: 37532751 PMCID: PMC10397220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of β-mannanase supplementation in metabolizable energy (ME)-reduced diets containing xylanase-phytase were investigated on growth performance, fecal score, ultra-sounded backfat thickness and loin depth, blood profile, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), digesta passage rate, and fecal microbiome in grower pigs (n = 40, 26.09 ± 0.96 kg) randomly assigned within 4 treatments: a control diet containing isolated phytase and xylanase valued at 40 kcal of ME/kg (CD0), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 30 kcal of ME/kg) (CD70), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 45 kcal of ME/kg) (CD85), and CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 60 kcal of ME/kg) (CD100). Growth performance was not affected in pigs fed ME-reduced diets containing β-mannanase. Pigs with CD100 had lower serum IL-1β concentration, and higher IL-10 was observed in pigs on CD0 than those fed β-mannanase. Coefficients of ATTD, and ATTD of DM and CP were higher in animals fed CD85 or CD100. Pigs with CD85 had higher alpha diversity richness but lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidota ratio. Acidaminococcaceae and Ruminococcaceae were more abundant in pigs fed CD0, but lower for Christensenellaceae NSJ-63 and NSJ-63 sp014384805. Pigs in CD85 showed higher Bacteroidaceae and Prevotella abundance, and lower for Streptococcaceae and Streptococcus. In conclusion, supplementation of β-mannanase in diets containing xylanase-phytase saved 85 to 100 kcal of ME/kg by supporting growth performance and improving nutrient digestibility in grower pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570900, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Bury de Azevedo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Silva Careli
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570900, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Teixeira Carvalho
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Kipper
- Elanco Animal Health Incorporated Company, São Paulo, 04794000, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Canto Faveri
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 40110909, Brazil
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Chen F, Wang Y, Wang K, Chen J, Jin K, Peng K, Chen X, Liu Z, Ouyang J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zou H, Zhou J, He B, Lin Q. Effects of Litsea cubeba essential oil on growth performance, blood antioxidation, immune function, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and fecal microflora of pigs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1166022. [PMID: 37465523 PMCID: PMC10350539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1166022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCO) on the growth performance, blood antioxidation, immune function, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and fecal microflora in fattening pigs. A total of 120 pigs were randomly assigned to five groups, with six replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen, and they were fed basal diet, chlortetracycline (CTC), and low-, medium-, and high-concentration LCO. The results of the study showed that compared with the control treatment and CTC addition treatment of the basic diet, the catalase level in the serum of the pigs treated with 500 mg/kg LCO in the diet of finishing pigs was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude ash, and calcium in pigs with different levels of LCO was significantly increased compared with the control treatments fed the basal diet (p < 0.05). In addition, compared with the control treatment fed the basal diet and the treatment with CTC, the apparent digestibility of ether extract in pigs treated with medium-dose LCO was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the apparent digestibility of pigs was significantly increased after the addition of low-dose LCO (p < 0.05). Among the genera, the percentage abundance of SMB53 (p < 0.05) was decreased in the feces of the CTC group when compared to that in the medium-LCO group. At the same time, the relative abundance of L7A_E11 was markedly decreased in the feces of the control and medium- and high-concentration LCO group than that in the CTC group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, adding the level of 250 mg/kg LCO in the diet of pig could improve the growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indicators of pigs, improve the antioxidant level of body and the efficiency of digestion and absorption of nutrients, and show the potential to replace CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Kaiqiang Peng
- Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhimou Liu
- Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Haowei Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binsheng He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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René R, Sebastian V, Marlies D, Lukas S, Annemarie K, Andrea L. Risk factors associated with post-weaning diarrhoea in Austrian piglet-producing farms. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:20. [PMID: 37170128 PMCID: PMC10176918 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) is a frequent, multifactorial disease of piglets leading to increased mortality rates and high economic losses. Due to the emergence of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates and the ban of zinc oxide (ZnO) in the EU since June 2022, alternative measures to prevent PWD are urgently needed. While an abundance of feed supplements is described to prevent PWD, there are hardly any studies reflecting the current situation of PWD in the field. Thus, we aimed to identify differences in management practices, housing and feeding strategies between farms with PWD and farms without PWD. Data were personally collected using a semi-structured questionnaire in 257 Austrian piglet-producing farms. Farms with PWD in more than 10% of all weaned groups within twelve months prior to data collection were defined as case farms (n = 101), while the remaining 136 farms were defined as control farms. Data from 237 farms and 69 explanatory variables were analysed via penalized binary logistic regression using elastic-net in 100 different splits into randomly selected training and test datasets (80:20). Treatment with ZnO and/or colistin (136 farms) was negatively associated with PWD in all splits and had the biggest estimated absolute log odds ratio out of all tested variables. Implementation of an all-in/all-out system in the nursery units and administration of probiotics or horseradish also had preventive effects in most splits (≥ 97%). A higher number of feeding phases for piglets within the first seven weeks of life and housing on fully slatted floors was associated negatively with the occurrence of PWD as well in > 95% of all splits. PWD was more likely to occur on farms having problems with neonatal diarrhoea or postpartum dysgalactia syndrome. While our data demonstrate that treatment with ZnO or colistin had the biggest statistical effect on PWD, we were able to identify other preventive measures like supplementation with probiotics or horseradish. Since implementation of all-in/all-out measures and fully slatted floors were also negatively associated with the occurrence of PWD on visited farms, we assume that reduction of bacterial load by the implementation of simple hygiene measures are still crucial to prevent PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhammer René
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
| | - Vetter Sebastian
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Dolezal Marlies
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Schwarz Lukas
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Käsbohrer Annemarie
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Ladinig Andrea
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
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Genova JL, Rupolo PE, de Azevedo LB, Henz D, Carvalho ST, Kipper M, Gonçalves GDAC, Vilela HLO, Pasquetti TJ, de Oliveira NTE, Dietrich ARM, Carvalho PLDO. β-mannanase supplementation in diets reduced in 85 kcal metabolizable energy/kg containing xylanase-phytase improves gain to feed ratio, nutrient usage, and backfat thickness in finisher pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1144692. [PMID: 37008356 PMCID: PMC10061018 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1144692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of β-mannanase supplementation in metabolizable energy (ME)-reduced diets containing xylanase-phytase on performance, fecal score, blood biochemical and immunological profile, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), digesta passage rate, fecal microbiome, carcass traits and meat quality in finisher pigs (n = 40 entire male hybrid, 26.0 ± 0.9 kg) randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: a control diet containing isolated phytase and xylanase valued at 40 kcal of ME/kg (CD0), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 30 kcal of ME/kg) (CD70), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 45 kcal of ME/kg) (CD85), and CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 60 kcal of ME/kg) (CD100), with 10 pen replicates. Pigs fed CD0 diet showed (P = 0.002) greater ADFI. However, pigs fed CD0 diet showed (P = 0.009) lower G:F than those provided CD70 or CD85 diets. A greater (P < 0.001) superoxide dismutase concentration was observed in pigs fed CD70 diet. Pigs fed CD85 diet showed (P = 0.002) greater digestible protein than pigs fed CD0 or CD100 diets. Pigs fed CD70 diet showed an increase of 11.3% in digestible protein than those fed CD0 diet. In addition, greater (P < 0.001) digestible energy was observed in pigs fed CD85 diet. Pigs fed CD0 or CD100 diets showed greater (P < 0.05) Firmicutes:Bacteroidota ratio than those fed CD85 diet. The Muribaculaceae was more abundant (P = 0.030) in pigs fed CD70 diet than in those fed CD0 diet. The Prevotella was more abundant (P = 0.045) in pigs fed CD85 diet than in those fed CD100 diet. In conclusion, β-mannanase supplementation in diets containing xylanase-phytase allows reducing 85 kcal of ME/kg because it improves gain to feed ratio, energy and protein usage, and backfat thickness without metabolic and intestinal ecosystem disorders in finisher pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jansller Luiz Genova
| | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Liliana Bury de Azevedo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Henz
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvana Teixeira Carvalho
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Kipper
- Elanco Animal Health Incorporated Company, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Junior Pasquetti
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
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8
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Liu J, Ma X, Zhuo Y, Xu S, Hua L, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Jiang X, Che L, Zhu Z, Lin Y, Wu D. The Effects of Bacillus subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and the gut microbiota in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad257. [PMID: 37583344 PMCID: PMC10449409 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different Bacillus subtilis QST713 doses and a B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase mix on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. In total, 320 healthy piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) control group (basal diet), 2) BS100 group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), 3) BS200 group (basal diet plus 200 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), and 4) a BS100XT group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713 and 150 mg/kg β-mannanase). The study duration was 42 d. We showed that feed intake in weaned piglets on days 1 to 21 was increased in group BS100 (P < 0.05), and that the feed conversion ratio in group BS100XT animals decreased throughout the study (P < 0.05). In terms of microbial counts, the BS100XT group showed reduced Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens numbers on day 21 (P < 0.05). Moreover, no significant α-diversity differences were observed across all groups during the study (P > 0.05). However, principal coordinates analysis indicated clear separations in bacterial community structures across groups (analysis of similarities: P < 0.05) on days 21 and 42. Additionally, E-cadherin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression in piglet feces increased (P < 0.05) by adding B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase to diets. Notably, this addition decreased short-chain fatty acid concentrations. In conclusion, B. subtilis QST713 addition or combined B. subtilis QST713 plus β-mannanase effectively improved growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and microbial balance in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangyuan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhu
- Elanco Animal Health, Mutiara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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9
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Dawood A, Shi W. Effect of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, and gene expression levels of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) fingerlings fed a plant protein-rich diet. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:956054. [PMID: 36118353 PMCID: PMC9480618 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.956054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess possible beneficial effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on the nutrient digestibility, growth performance, digestive and metabolic enzyme activity, and immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed plant protein-rich diets. An experiment was conducted in triplicate, and a total of 225 fingerlings of common carp with an average body weight of 13.17 ± 0.12 g were stocked in 15 fiberglass tanks (15 fish/tank). Five dietary treatments (control 35% crude protein, plant-rich basal diet without supplement and four diets supplemented with β-mannanase from two sources (commercially available and locally isolated), each at two dosage levels (500 and 1,000 U/kg diet) were prepared and fed to respective groups of fish, twice a day (8:00 AM and 4:00 PM) at 4 % body weight. During the trial, changes in the level of DO and temperature ranged from 5.5 to 6.1 mg L-1 and 21.5 to 23.5°C, respectively. At the end of the feeding experiment, all fish in each tank were weighed and counted to determine growth parameters, while for the study of other indices, nine samples/treatment group were selected. The results of the study indicated a positive effect of both sources and dosage levels of β-mannanase supplementation on all studied indices, that is, significantly improved (P < 0.05), growth performance (%weight gain, specific growth rate), survival %, hematological indices (RBC, Hb, HCT, and MCHC), immunological indices (lysozyme activity, WBC, respiratory burst activity, and phagocytic activity), improved apparent digestibility of nutrients (crude protein, crude fat, and carbohydrates), and digestible energy. Furthermore, higher activity (P < 0.05) of the digestive enzymes (cellulase, lipase, and protease) and upregulation of MyoD gene in muscle and TNF-α gene in liver, intestine, and muscle were also observed, while the activity of serum AST (serum aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine transaminase) as compared to control group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Based on the results, β-mannanase supplementation (500 U/kg) could be recommended for obtaining better carp production when low-cost plant protein-rich diets are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Dawood
- Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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10
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Jiang Q, Wu W, Wan Y, Wei Y, Kawamura Y, Li J, Guo Y, Ban Z, Zhang B. Energy values evaluation and improvement of soybean meal in broiler chickens through supplemental mutienzyme. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101978. [PMID: 35793599 PMCID: PMC9260631 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study measured the metabolizable energy of soybean meal (SBM) and evaluated effects of soybean meal specific enzymes supplementation in corn-soybean diets on growth performance, intestinal digestion properties and energy values of 28-day-old broilers. A total of 336 one-day-old male AA broiler chickens were distributed to 7 groups in a completely random design. The birds were given 7 diets containing 6 diets with different combined soybean meals and a fasting treatment, 8 replicates per treatment and 6 birds per replicate (Trial 1). A total of 672 one-day-old male AA broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 7 dietary treatments including a control diet and 6 diets supplemented with 300 mg/kg α-galactosidase, 200 mg/kg β-mannanase, and 300 mg/kg protease individually or in combination (Trial 2). Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of broilers was measured from d 25 to 27 in both trial 1 and trial 2. The results showed that AME values of combined soybean meals averaged 2,894 kcal/kg. Dietary β-mannanase and protease supplementation increased body weight gain (P < 0.05) during d 0 to 14, whereas did not affect the growth performance (P > 0.05) during d 14 to 28. Addition of β-mannanase in combination with other enzymes significantly increased lipase and trypsin content (P < 0.05) in ileum. In addition, dietary β-mannanase and protease supplementation individually or in combination enhanced trypsin enzyme content in jejunum (P < 0.05). The β-mannanase enzyme enhanced villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) of ileum compared with control diet. Moreover, supplementation of enzyme except for protease enhanced raffinose and stachyose degradation ratio (P < 0.05). Dietary β-mannanase supplementation individually or in combination enhanced AME and AMEn values (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that dietary enzyme supplementation especially β-mannanase improved intestinal digestion properties and contributed to high energy values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Junyou Li
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, 319-0206, Japan
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhibin Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolism, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin 136100, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060766. [PMID: 35740172 PMCID: PMC9219610 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the rise and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. To address this global public health threat, many countries have restricted the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and promoted the development of alternatives to antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine and animal farming. In food-animal production, acidifiers, bacteriophages, enzymes, phytochemicals, probiotics, prebiotics, and antimicrobial peptides have shown hallmarks as alternatives to antibiotics. This review reports the current state of these alternatives as growth-promoting factors for poultry and swine production and describes their mode of action. Recent findings on their usefulness and the factors that presently hinder their broader use in animal food production are identified by SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis. The potential for resistance development as well as co- and cross-resistance with currently used antibiotics is also discussed. Using predetermined keywords, we searched specialized databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Antibiotic resistance cannot be stopped, but its spreading can certainly be hindered or delayed with the development of more alternatives with innovative modes of action and a wise and careful use of antimicrobials in a One Health approach.
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Ji H, Cao H, Zhao L, Na R, Ping W, Ge J, Zhao D. The response surface optimization of β-mannanase produced by Weissella cibaria F1 and its potential in juice clarification. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1151-1159. [PMID: 35175890 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2033993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A β-mannanase-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was identified as Weissella cibaria F1 according to physiological and biochemical properties, morphological observations, partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene and API 50 CHL test. In order to improve the yield of β-mannanase, the response surface methodology (RSM) was originally used to optimize the fermentation conditions. The optimization results showed that when the konjac powder, glucose, and initial pH were 9.46 g/L, 14.47 g/L and 5.67, respectively, the β-mannanase activity increased to 38.81 ± 0.33 U/mL, which was 1.33 times compared to initial yield (29.28 ± 0.26 U/mL). This result was also supported by larger clearance on the konjac powder-MRS agar plate through Congo Red dyeing. The W. cibaria F1 β-mannanase could improve the clarity of five fruits juice, i.e., apple, orange, peach, persimmon and blue honeysuckle. Among these, peach juice was the most obvious, clarity increasing by 12.8%. These results collectively indicated that W. cibaria F1 β-mannanase had an applicable potential in food-level fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Huiying Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiying Na
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxiang Ping
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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