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Yen CF, Lin YH, Hsiao RC, Chen YY, Chen YL. Associations of China's military activities in the peripheries of Taiwan with suicide death and internet searches for depression, suicide, and emigration among individuals in Taiwan. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 92:103889. [PMID: 38194725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Researches Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray C Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ying-Yeh Chen
- Taipei City Psychiatric Centre, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ayala NK, Fain AC, Cersonsky TEK, Werner EF, Miller ES, Clark MA, Lewkowitz AK. Early pregnancy dispositional optimism and pregnancy outcomes among nulliparous people. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101155. [PMID: 37734660 PMCID: PMC10841240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dispositional optimism, the expectation of positive outcomes after personal challenges, is a resilience factor associated with widespread health benefits. However, the data on pregnancy-related outcomes are more limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association of early pregnancy dispositional optimism with adverse perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study completed between May 2019 and February 2022 at a single, large tertiary medical center. Nulliparous pregnant people were recruited from outpatient obstetrical care sites. Participants completed a validated assessment of dispositional optimism at <20 weeks of gestation and were followed up until delivery. The primary outcome was an adverse maternal outcome composite that included gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and/or cesarean delivery. The secondary outcomes included individual composite components and a neonatal morbidity composite. Bivariate analyses compared characteristics and primary and secondary outcomes by dispositional optimism score quartile. Multivariable logistic regression compared outcomes by dispositional optimism score quartile with the highest quartile serving as the referent, controlling for confounders determined a priori. RESULTS Overall, 491 pregnant people were approached for participation, and 135 pregnant people (27.5%) declined participation. Among the 284 individuals who enrolled and had complete outcome data, the median dispositional optimism score was 16.0 (interquartile range, 14-18), and 47.9% of individuals experienced at least 1 adverse maternal outcome 135 (47.9%). After adjusting for confounders, the odds of adverse maternal outcomes were significantly higher in the lowest 2 optimism quartiles: quartile 1 (adjusted odds ratio, 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.57-7.36) and quartile 2 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-4.79) than the highest quartile. This was driven by significantly higher rates of hypertension (quartile 1: adjusted odds ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-6.29) and cesarean delivery (quartile 1: adjusted odds ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-6.55). There was no difference noted when quartile 3 was compared with quartile 4. CONCLUSION Lower early pregnancy dispositional optimism was associated with significantly higher odds of adverse maternal outcomes. Interventions targeting improvements in optimism may be a novel mechanism for reducing perinatal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Ayala
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, and Lewkowitz); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, Clark, and Lewkowitz).
| | - Audra C Fain
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Fain and Cersonsky)
| | - Tess E K Cersonsky
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Fain and Cersonsky)
| | - Erika F Werner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (Dr Werner)
| | - Emily S Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, and Lewkowitz); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, Clark, and Lewkowitz)
| | - Melissa A Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, Clark, and Lewkowitz); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (Dr Clark)
| | - Adam K Lewkowitz
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, and Lewkowitz); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, Clark, and Lewkowitz)
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Julien-Sweerts S, Romo L, Blot E, Ordonneau P, Ingrand P, Gicquel L. CBT program to reduce recidivism risk for road crashes among adolescents and young adults: Results of a randomized controlled study and prospects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20074. [PMID: 37810130 PMCID: PMC10559812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Road crashes are the first cause of mortality for young adults aged 18-25 years and the human factor contributes to 90-95% of events. The present study was carried out to determine the efficacity of the ECARR2 recurrence prevention program among adolescents and young adults at high risk of having a new traffic crash in the following months. A total of 288 participants having had a traffic crash that required going to the emergency room, at high risk of accident recurrence (ECARR≥5) were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n = 144) or the control group (n = 144). Results revealed that the risk of recurrence was highest during the first 6 months (66% of recurrences). In per-protocol analysis population, at 6 months after inclusion, the accident recurrence rate was 14.2% ± 3.3% in the intervention group, and 23.5% ± 4.0% in the control group. The intervention had an effect per se, independently of the other predictors (p = 0.020). This effect was mediated by the three interaction variables: BDI, Impulsive Behavior Scale lack of perseverance, and Orientation to Happiness engagement. It was therefore through these dimensions that the intervention had an effect. In conclusion, the ECARR score predicts the risk of recurrence, risk which is the highest during the first 6 months. Finally, results confirm the predictive validity of the ECARR scale. The ECARR score had an effect on the risk of recurrence regardless of group (p = 0.045) and was predictive of recurrence (p = 0.045).A brief psychological intervention such as ECARR2 program, offered to young people ar hight risk of having a new crash, just after the crash, seems to halve the risk of recurrence at 6 months. Future research should improve the brief psychological intervention and its access via a mobile application or few hours in high school or in a driving school given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA 4430 Clipsyd, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France. CESP, U1018 INSERM UPS
| | - Emilie Blot
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Pauline Ordonneau
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- INSERM CIC 1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Ludovic Gicquel
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France
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Li C, Lv G, Liu B, Ju Y, Wang M, Dong Q, Sun J, Lu X, Zhang L, Wan P, Guo H, Zhao F, Liao M, Zhang Y, Li L, Liu J. Impact of childhood maltreatment on adult resilience. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:637. [PMID: 37648984 PMCID: PMC10470179 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that childhood maltreatment is associated with poor health outcomes. While not everyone who experiences abuse as a child goes on to experience poor mental health, some traumatized people are grown to be more resilient than others. Few studies have examined the association between childhood maltreatment and adult resilience. This study aimed to determine different relationships between specific types and features of childhood maltreatment with adult resilience among Chinese with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS A total of 101 patients with MDD and 116 participants in the healthy control (HC) group from Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital and its nearby communities were included in this analysis. Childhood maltreatment was assessed retrospectively using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Adults' resilience was assessed by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Generalized linear models were applied between childhood maltreatment (specific types and features) and resilience adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The total score of CD-RISC and factor scores of strength, optimism, and tenacity in the HC group were higher than those in the MDD group. CTQ total score had a negative association with optimism score among participants in MDD (β=-0.087, P < 0.001) and HC (β=-0.074, P = 0.023) groups. Higher emotional neglect (EN) score (β=-0.169, P = 0.001) and physical neglect (PN) score (β=-0.153, P = 0.043) were related to a worse optimism score in MDD group. Emotional abuse (EA) score was associated with a worse tenacity score (β=-0.674, P = 0.031) in MDD group. For participants in HC group, higher EN and PN scores were related to worse resilience scores (tenacity, strength, and optimism). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MDD showed lower optimism than HCs. Childhood maltreatment, especially childhood negect, independently contributed to optimism, with more severe childhood maltreatment predictive of worse performance of optimism. EA in childhood was also linked to worse tenacity in adult patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guanyi Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangli Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou mental health centre, Yangzhou, 225003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Futao Zhao
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Urzúa A, Baeza-Rivera MJ, Caqueo-Urízar A, Henríquez D. Optimism and Intolerance to Uncertainty May Mediate the Negative Effect of Discrimination on Mental Health in Migrant Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040503. [PMID: 36833036 PMCID: PMC9956353 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Migration causes effects on the people who migrate and on the societies that receive them, which can be positive or negative, depending on the characteristics of the interaction. One negative effect is the emergence of mental health disorders associated with the presence of discrimination, a relationship for which there is abundant evidence, although there is less research on factors that may alter this effect. (2) Objective: To evaluate the possible mediating role of optimism and intolerance to uncertainty in the relationship between discrimination and mental health. (3) Method: Nine hundred and nineteen adult Colombian migrants residing in Chile, 49.5% were men and 50.5% women, ages from 18 to 65 years, were evaluated. The Discrimination Experience Scale, BDI-IA Inventory, BAI, LOT-R and the Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale were applied. The effects were estimated using structural equation modeling. (4) Results: A mediating effect of both dispositional optimism and intolerance to uncertainty on the relationship between discrimination and mental symptomatology was observed. (5) Conclusions: The impact on individual suffering and the social cost of mental health problems require investigating variables on the relationship between discrimination and mental health, including mediators of this relationship, which turn out to be central elements in the development of future strategies for the reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
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Ayala NK, Whelan AR, Recabo O, Cersonsky TE, Bublitz MH, Sharp MC, Lewkowitz AK. Dispositional Optimism, Mode of Delivery, and Perceived Labor Control among Recently Delivered Parturients. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:122-127. [PMID: 35738357 PMCID: PMC9805476 DOI: 10.1055/a-1882-9940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dispositional optimism (DO) is an understudied transdiagnostic resilience factor among peripartum individuals. Low DO is associated with increased fear and pain in labor and increased rates of emergent cesarean delivery, but it is unknown whether DO is associated with perceived control over the labor process. STUDY DESIGN This a planned secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort of term parturients (n = 164) who were recruited in July and August 2021 during their delivery hospitalization at a single, tertiary medical center. Participants completed a baseline demographic survey prior to delivery and then completed evaluations of DO (Revised Life-Orientation Test [LOT-R]) and control over the labor process (Labor Agentry Scale [LAS]) during their postpartum hospitalization. DO was dichotomized into low and high by score of ≤14 or >14 on LOT-R, respectively, and labor agentry scores were compared between groups. Maternal demographics, pregnancy, and delivery characteristics were compared by DO status. Multivariable regression was performed, adjusting for known confounders (induction, labor analgesia, and mode of delivery). RESULTS Demographic, pregnancy, and neonatal characteristics were similar between those with low compared with high DO. People with low DO had significantly higher rates of cesarean section (44 vs. 24%, p = 0.02) and overall had lower LAS scores (139.4 vs. 159.4, p < 0.001), indicating that they felt less control over their labor process than those with high DO. In the multivariable regression, those with low DO had higher odds of a low LAS score after controlling for induction, labor analgesia, and mode of delivery (adjusted odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-1.39). CONCLUSION People with low DO had significantly lower perceived control over their labor, even after controlling for differences in mode of delivery. Interventions to alter DO may be an innovative way to improve birth experience and its associated perinatal mental health morbidities. KEY POINTS · It is unknown if there is an association between DO and perceived labor control.. · People with low DO had higher rates of cesarean delivery and lower perceived labor control.. · Altering DO may be a novel mechanism for improving birth experience..
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K. Ayala
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Anna R. Whelan
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | | | | | - Margaret H. Bublitz
- Women’s Medicine Collaborative at Lifespan Hospital System
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Meghan C. Sharp
- Women’s Medicine Collaborative at Lifespan Hospital System
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Adam K. Lewkowitz
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
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Fear of war and mental health in Germany. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022:10.1007/s00127-022-02394-9. [PMID: 36445402 PMCID: PMC9707168 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to clarify the association between fear of war (both conventional war and nuclear war) and mental health (in terms of probable depression and probable anxiety). METHODS Data were used from the general adult population in Germany (n = 3091 individuals; 15th March-21st March 2022). Probable depression and probable anxiety were both quantified using validated tools (PHQ-9/GAD-7). Multiple logistic regressions were used, adjusting for several sociodemographic, lifestyle-related and health-related factors. RESULTS In total, 23.1% of the individuals had probable depression and 16.0% of the individuals had probable anxiety. Multiple logistic regression showed that the likelihood of probable depression was positively associated with fear of a conventional war (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.14-1.37). Furthermore, it was associated with fear of a nuclear war (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12-1.33). Additionally, regressions showed that the likelihood of probable anxiety was positively associated with fear of a conventional war (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.49-1.86). Moreover, it was associated with fear of a nuclear war (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.39-1.71). CONCLUSIONS Our findings stress the importance of fear of war for mental health in the general adult population in Germany. Upcoming research in this area is necessary.
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Ljubičić M, Delin S, Kolčić I. Family and Individual Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Developmental Disorders and Diabetes Type 1. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102861. [PMID: 35628987 PMCID: PMC9145317 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This cross-sectional study assessed both family and individual quality of life (QOL), and their association with self-esteem, optimism, chronic psychological stress, anxiety, and depression in parents of children with chronic conditions. Methods: Parents of children with Down syndrome (DS), autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), cerebral palsy (CP), diabetes mellitus type 1 (DMT1), and parents of children without chronic diseases with typical development (TD) were included. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess parental characteristics associated with the domains of individual and family QOL. Results: Compared to the parents of TD children, parents of children with ASD and DS were more likely to report reduced family QOL in all domains, while parents of children with DMT1 had lower parental perception. Self-esteem was positively associated with all domains of individual QOL, while optimism was associated with the overall individual QOL perception and health. Higher stress perception was negatively associated with most of the domains of individual and family QOL. Conclusions: This study confirmed that parents of children with chronic conditions are more likely to have lower perception of both individual and family QOL, which were associated with self-esteem, chronic stress, anxiety, and depression. Interventions should focus not only on the child with a chronic condition but on parents too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ljubičić
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Splitska 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital Zadar, Bože Peričića 5, 23000 Zadar, Croatia;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sanja Delin
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital Zadar, Bože Peričića 5, 23000 Zadar, Croatia;
- Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Obala kralja Petra Krešimira IV 2, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; or
- Algebra LAB, Algebra University College, Gradišćanska ul. 24, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Moloud R, Saeed Y, Mahmonir H, Rasool GA. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in major depressive disorder with focus on self-esteem and optimism: an interventional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:299. [PMID: 35484528 PMCID: PMC9047275 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a common psychological condition that can lead to negative individual and social consequences, the management of which is very important in treating the patients. The present study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on self-esteem and optimism in patients with major depressive disorder. METHODS This is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial in which a total of 64 patients with major depressive disorder were recruited using convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to two groups of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) and Treatment-As-Usual (TAU). Data collection tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). In the pretest stage, participants in both groups completed the above questionnaires before the intervention. Patients in the CBGT group received eight 90-min sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy during four weeks (two sessions a week). Then participants re-completed RSES and LOT-R immediately, three months, and six months after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 16.0 using chi-squared test, independent-samples t-test, and repeated measures Analysis of Variance. The significance level (p-value) was considered to be less than 0.05. RESULTS It was indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of self-esteem and optimism between the two groups immediately, three months, and six months after the intervention (p < .05). The mean scores of self-esteem and optimism in the CBGT group increased significantly after the intervention compared to before it, although these scores gradually decreased over the three measurement time points after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Based upon the results, it was concluded that the level of optimism and self-esteem increased significantly in the CBGT group after the intervention, although the levels of the above variables dropped again in the long run after the intervention due to the discontinuity of CBGT sessions. Therefore, it is necessary to take particular measures to regularly hold the sessions of CBGT for patients with major depressive disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER IRCT20140212016564N15 , The date of registration: 20-09-2021, Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radfar Moloud
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Nazlou. 11 Km of Nazlou Road, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Yavari Saeed
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Nazlou. 11 Km of Nazlou Road, Urmia, Iran
| | - Haghighi Mahmonir
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gharaaghaji Asl Rasool
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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