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Mohammed SAD, Hanxing L, Fang L, Algradi AM, Alradhi M, Safi M, Shumin L. Integrated Chinese herbal medicine with Western Medicine versus Western Medicine in the effectiveness of primary hypertension treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115703. [PMID: 36096347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Integrated Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and Western Medicine (WM) treatments have been used for primary hypertension (PHTN) patients in China. Currently, there are many randomized control trials (RCTs) published regarding the effect of CHM and WM on PHTN, which indicated that combining Chinese with WM was effective and safe for PHTN when compared with WM alone, but the quality of evidence was insufficient, and there is no clear information and summary are available for these RCTs assessing the effectiveness of CHM with WM versus WM in patients with PHTN. OBJECTIVES This systematic study and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CHM combined with WM in comparison with WM in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure for patients with PHTN. METHODS The information of this study was searched from electronic databases (PubMed, COCHRANE, EMBASE, Ovid, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM). The markedly effective and effective terms were according to Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Chinese Medicines. Two investigators independently reviewed each trial. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used for quality assessment, and RevMan 5.4 was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS In this study, a total of 29 studies that included 2623 patients were recorded. The study results displayed that the clinical effectiveness in the treatment of hypertension patients from the integrated medicines was considerably higher than that with WM alone, clinical effective (RR 1.23, 95% CI [1.17, 1.30], P < 0.00001), and markedly effective (ME) in the patients (RR 1.66, 95% CI [1.52, 1.80], and P < 0.00001). Random effect in SBP (MD 7.91 mmHg,[6.00, 983], P < 0.00001) and DBP (MD 5.46 mmHg, [3.88, 6.43], P < 0.00001), a subgroup analysis was carried out based on the type of intervention, duration of treatment, and CHM formulas that showed significance. Furthermore, no severe side effects were reported, and no patients stopped treatment or withdrawal due to any severe adverse events. CONCLUSION Compared to WM alone, the therapeutic effectiveness of CHM combined with WM is significantly improved in the treatment of hypertension. Additionally, CHM with WM may safely and efficiently lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in individuals with PHTN. However, rigorous randomized controlled trials with a large sample, high quality, long duration of treatment, and follow-up are recommended to strengthen this clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi A D Mohammed
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China; School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, 18644, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Liu Hanxing
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Adnan Mohammed Algradi
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mohammed Alradhi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mohammed Safi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Liu Shumin
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Hu H, Jian W, Fu H, Zhang H, Pan J, Yip W. Health service underutilization and its associated factors for chronic diseases patients in poverty-stricken areas in China: a multilevel analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:707. [PMID: 34275449 PMCID: PMC8286576 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Underutilization of health services among chronic non-communicable disease sufferers, especially for hypertension (HBP) and diabetes mellitus (DM), was considered as a significant contributing factor to substantial cases in terms of both avoidable morbidity and mortality. However, evidence on health services underutilization and its associated factors in poverty-stricken areas remain scarce based on previous literature. This study aims to describe health services underutilization for people diagnosed with chronic diseases in impoverished regions and to identify its associated factors, which are expected to provide practical implications for the implementations of interventions tailored to the specific needs of disadvantaged residents in rural China to achieve effective utilization of health services in a timely manner. Methods Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted through face-to-face interviews among 2413 patients from six counties in rural central China in 2019. The Anderson behavioral model was adopted to explore the associated factors. A two-level logistic model was employed to investigate the association strengths reflected by adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals in forest plots. Results On average, 17.58% of the respondents with HBP and 14.87% with DM had experienced health services underutilization during 1 month before the survey. Multilevel logistic regression indicated that predisposing factors (age), enabling factors (income and a regular source of care), and need factors (self-reported health score) were the common predictors of health service underutilization both for hypertensive and diabetic patients in impoverished areas, among which obtaining a regular source of care was found to be relatively determinant as a protective factor for health services underutilization after controlling for other covariates. Conclusions Our results suggested that the implementation of a series of comprehensive strategies should be addressed throughout policy-making procedures to improve the provision of regular source of care as a significant determinant for reducing health services underutilization, thus ultimately achieving equal utilization of health services in impoverished regions, especially among chronic disease patients. Our findings are expected to provide practical implications for other developing countries confronted with similar challenges resulting from underdeveloped healthcare systems and aging population structures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-06725-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Hu
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weiyan Jian
- School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongqiao Fu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, No. 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jay Pan
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Winnie Yip
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, No. 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Xi Y, Bao H, Han K, Qiao L, Xu X, Zhu H, Yan T, Niu L, Hang G, Wang W, Zhang X. Evaluating the treatment and control of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with diabetes in the Inner Mongolia, China: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med 2020; 139:106174. [PMID: 32592794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the risk of diabetes has been a great public health challenge in China. In this study, we aimed to estimate the treatment and control of FPG (fasting blood plasma glucose) as well as the other main modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with diabetes and to identify those characteristics associated with the treatment and control of diabetes, hypertension, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Between 2015 and 2017, participants aged 35 to 75 years from Inner Mongolia in northern China were recruited. A total 13,644 participants with diabetes were enrolled in this study. We calculated rates and 95% confidence intervals for treatment and control of FPG, blood pressure, and LDL-C. We performed multivariate logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with the treatment and control of diabetes as well as hypertension and LDL-C. Overall, the treatment rates of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were 30.76%, 50.75%, and 9.17%, respectively. Control rates of FPG, blood pressure, and LDL-C were 4.73%, 4.86%, and 57.83%, respectively. Patients who were younger, Mongol ethnicity and rural residents were less likely to be treated and controlled for diabetes and hypertension. Patients insured by NCMS (new rural cooperative medical scheme) were less likely to be treated and achieve the treatment target of blood pressure. Patients having prior CVD were more likely to be treated and have controlled FPG and blood pressure. Substantial efforts are urgently needed to improve the treatment and control of these modifiable CVD risk factors among patients with diabetes in Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xi
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Han Bao
- Department of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Ke Han
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Liying Qiao
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Department of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Gai Hang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, PR China.
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China..
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Zhu H, Xi Y, Bao H, Xu X, Niu L, Tao Y, Cao N, Wang W, Zhang X. Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in Northern China: a cross-sectional study. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:498-503. [PMID: 32618477 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1779814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a life-threatening chronic illness. CVD risk may be influenced by environment and lifestyle. People in northern China usually consume high-fat, high-salt diets and alcohol and live in a cold climate over long periods. However, there are limited studies on CVD risk among people in northern China. In the present study, we sought to estimate the CVD risk profile among residents of northern China. Using the Programme of Screening and Intervention Subjects with High Risk Cardiovascular Diseases, we collected data from residents in six cities from September 2015 to June 2017. In total, 56,716 participants aged 40 years and above were finally included in the CVD risk assessment. To assess the 10-year risk of CVD among participants, we used World Health Organisation/International Society of Hypertension risk prediction charts. Among the study participants, 22.7% had a high 10-year risk of CVD. We identified differences in the 10-year CVD risk according to sex, socioeconomic status, and marital status. We conclude that individuals with high socioeconomic status should be encouraged to change their lifestyle habits, and greater medical resources should be invested for individuals residing in rural areas and those with low education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yunfeng Xi
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Han Bao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Liu Z, Tan Y, Liang H, Gu Y, Wang X, Hao Y, Gu J, Hao C. Factors Influencing Residents' Willingness to Contract With General Practitioners in Guangzhou, China, During the GP Policy Trial Phase: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2019; 56:46958019845484. [PMID: 31084420 PMCID: PMC6537300 DOI: 10.1177/0046958019845484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the current contract rate and residents’
willingness to contract with general practitioner (GP) services in Guangzhou,
China, during the policy trial phase, and also to explore the association of
behavior contract and contract willingness with variables based on Andersen’s
Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (ABM). In total, 160 residents from
community health centers (CHCs) and 202 residents from hospitals were recruited
in this study. The outcome variables were behavior contract and contract
willingness. Based on the framework of ABM, independent variables were
categorized as predisposing factors, enabling factors, need factors, and CHC
service utilization experiences. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression
analysis models were applied to explore the associated factors. Out of 362
participants, 14.4% had contracted with GP services. For those who had not
contracted with GP services, only 16.4% (51 out of 310) claimed they were
willing to do so. The contract rate for community-based participants was
significantly higher than that for hospital-based participants. Major reasons
for not choosing to contract were perceiving no benefit from the service and
concerns about the quality of CHCs. Community health center experiences and
satisfaction were significantly associated with contracting among hospital-based
participants. A need factor (diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes) and CHC
service utilization experiences (have gotten services from the same doctor in
CHCs) were significantly associated with contract willingness among CHC-based
participants. Intervention to improve awareness of GP services may help to
promote this service. Different intervention strategies should be used for
varying resident populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Liu
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health & Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou.,2 Health Information Research Center & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Tan
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health & Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou.,3 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, China
| | - Haiqing Liang
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health & Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou.,4 Haizhu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Gu
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health & Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou.,5 Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence - based Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health & Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou.,6 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuantao Hao
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health & Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou.,2 Health Information Research Center & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gu
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health & Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou.,2 Health Information Research Center & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Hao
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health & Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou.,2 Health Information Research Center & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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6
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Ren W, Liao J, Chen J, Li Z, Huang L. The effect of Chinese herbal medicine combined with western medicine on vascular endothelial function for patients with hypertension: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18134. [PMID: 31804323 PMCID: PMC6919443 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world and a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Hypertension often leads to a variety of complications, of which vascular endothelial dysfunction is an important part. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with western medicine can significantly improve vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension, but it has not been systematically evaluated for efficacy and safety of essential hypertension. Therefore, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with western medicine in improving vascular endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS We will search PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science Journal Database (VIP Database) and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). Clinical trial registrations, potential grey literature, related conference abstracts, and reference lists of identified studies will also be retrieved. The electronic database will be searched for literatures published from the beginning to October 2018. Based on the heterogeneity test, data integration is performed using a fixed effect model or a random effects model. Changes in blood pressure and endothelial function will be assessed as primary outcomes. Drug use, disease progression and adverse events will be assessed as secondary outcomes. RevMan V.5.3.5 will be used for meta-analysis. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide high-quality evidence from a variety of aspects, including efficacy, blood pressure, vascular endothelial function and adverse reactions, to assess the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with western medicine in patients with hypertension. CONCLUSION This systematic review will determine whether TCM combined with western medicine provides evidence for effective intervention of vascular endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials does not require ethical recognition, and the results of this paper will be published in an open access, internationally influential academic journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019140743.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Huang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhao Y, Mahal AS, Haregu TN, Katar A, Oldenburg B, Zhang L. Trends and Inequalities in the Health Care and Hypertension Outcomes in China, 2011 to 2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4578. [PMID: 31752338 PMCID: PMC6888605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is one of the most significant and common risk factors for cardiovascular disease, yet it remains poorly controlled in China. This study aims to examine trends and socioeconomic inequalities in the management of hypertension between 2011 and 2015 in China and to investigate the association between antihypertensive medication treatment and reduction of blood pressure, using nationally representative data. Methods: Concentration curve and concentration index were used to assess socioeconomic-related inequalities in hypertension care and health service utilisation. The fixed-effects analysis was performed to measure the impact of medication treatment on reduction of blood pressure among people with hypertension by using linear regression models. Results: Among hypertensive individuals, there were growing trends in the rates of awareness and treatment from 55.87% and 48.44% in 2011, to 68.31% in 2013 and 61.97% in 2015, respectively. The proportion of hypertension control was still below 30%. The fixed-effects models indicated that medication treatment was statistically significant and associated with the patients' systolic blood pressure (β: -13.483; 95% CI: -15.672, -11.293) and diastolic blood pressure (β: -5.367; 95% CI: -6.390, -4.344). Conclusions: China has made good progress in the hypertension diagnosis, medication treatment and coverage of health services over the last 10 years; however, pro-rich inequalities in hypertension care still exist, and there is considerable progress to be made in the prevention, treatment and effective control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (Y.Z.); (A.S.M.); (T.N.H.); (A.K.); (B.O.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Implementation Research for Prevention & Control of NCDs, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Ajay Singh Mahal
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (Y.Z.); (A.S.M.); (T.N.H.); (A.K.); (B.O.)
| | - Tilahun Nigatu Haregu
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (Y.Z.); (A.S.M.); (T.N.H.); (A.K.); (B.O.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Implementation Research for Prevention & Control of NCDs, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Ameera Katar
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (Y.Z.); (A.S.M.); (T.N.H.); (A.K.); (B.O.)
| | - Brian Oldenburg
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (Y.Z.); (A.S.M.); (T.N.H.); (A.K.); (B.O.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Implementation Research for Prevention & Control of NCDs, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Luwen Zhang
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500000, Guangdong, China
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Zhao Y, Oldenburg B, Zhao S, Haregu TN, Zhang L. Temporal Trends and Geographic Disparity in Hypertension Care in China. J Epidemiol 2019; 30:354-361. [PMID: 31327817 PMCID: PMC7348077 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines trends and geographic disparities in the diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in China and investigates the association between regional factors and hypertension care. METHODS Blood pressure data and data relating to health care for hypertension were used for this study. The data were sourced from baseline and follow-up surveys of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, which was conducted in 2011, 2013, and 2015. To estimate the geographical disparities in diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension, random-effects models were also applied after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Among hypertensive individuals in China, the trends showed decreases in undiagnosed, untreated, and uncontrolled hypertension: 44.1%, 51.6%, and 80.7% in 2011; 40.0%, 47.4%, and 77.8% in 2013; and 31.7%, 38.0%, and 71.4% in 2015, respectively. The number of undiagnosed, untreated, and uncontrolled hypertensive residents living in urban areas in 2015 was more than 10% lower than the number in rural areas and among rural-to-urban immigrant individuals in China. The poorest socio-economic regions across China were 8.5 times more likely to leave their residents undiagnosed, 2.8 times more likely to leave them untreated, and 2.6 times more likely to leave hypertension uncontrolled. CONCLUSIONS Although China has made impressive progress in addressing regional inequalities in hypertension care over time, it needs to increase its effort to reduce geographic disparities and to provide more effective treatments and higher quality care for patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne.,WHO Collaborating Centre on Implementation Research for Prevention & Control of NCDs
| | - Brian Oldenburg
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne.,WHO Collaborating Centre on Implementation Research for Prevention & Control of NCDs
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Yantaishan Hospital of Yantai.,Yantai Sino-French Friendship Hospital
| | | | - Luwen Zhang
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University
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9
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Health-Related Quality of Life of People with Self-Reported Hypertension: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101721. [PMID: 31100800 PMCID: PMC6572246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with self-reported diagnosed hypertension and its determinants in China. Data was obtained from the 5th National Health Services Survey. The HRQoL of the respondents who were 15 years or older was assessed with the EQ-5D-3L utility index and visual analogue scale (VAS), and compared between those with (n = 30,063) and without (n = 158,657) self-reported hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression, Tobit regression, and linear regression models were established to identify predictors of HRQoL. A difference of half standard deviation was deemed as minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the utility index (0.03). The respondents with self-reported hypertension were more likely to report problems in the five dimensions (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.43–1.70) of the EQ-5D-3L, resulting in a significant lower utility index (β = −0.04) and VAS scores (β = −3.22) compared with those without self-reported hypertension, and the difference of the utility index exceeded MCID. In the respondents with self-reported hypertension, higher utility index and VAS scores were found in those who were female, younger, married, employed, smoking, drinking, exercising regularly, absent from comorbidity, resided in the eastern developed region, had normal body mass index, higher levels of education, and income. Hypertension management programs were associated with higher utility index (β = 0.01) and VAS scores (β = 1.02). Overall, hypertension is associated with lower HRQoL. Higher socioeconomic status and participation in management programs for chronic conditions are independent predictors of higher HRQoL of hypertensive people. This study provides a national representative estimate on the HRQoL of hypertensive people in China, which can be used for calculating the burden of hypertension.
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10
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Huang Y, Chen Y, Cai H, Chen D, He X, Li Z, Cai X, Peng X, Huang Y, Li S, Cao Q, Wang P, Chen B. Herbal medicine (Zhengan Xifeng Decoction) for essential hypertension protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14292. [PMID: 30732144 PMCID: PMC6380723 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, as well as a leading risk factor for cardiocerebrovascular diseases. Zhengan Xifeng Decoction (ZGXFD) has been widely used to treat essential hypertension, but there is no systematic review by assessing efficacy and safety of ZGXFD on essential hypertension. Therefore, we aim to perform systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ZGXFD in the treatment of essential hypertension. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed by means of electronic databases, including EMBASE, Cochrane Center Registration Controlled trials (Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WOS), World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, PubMed, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Wan-fang database. The electronic databases will be searched from their inception to October 2018. This systemic review will include only published English and Chinese articles randomized controlled trials (RTCs) of ZGXFD on essential hypertension. The primary outcome is Efficacy and blood pressure (BP), blood lipid and adverse reactions will be accepted as secondary outcomes. All statistical analyses will be conducted using RevMan V.5.3.5 software. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide high-quality evidence from several aspects, including for efficacy, blood pressure, blood lipid and adverse effects to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ZGXFD on EHTN. CONCLUSION This systematic review will determine whether or not ZGXFD is an effective intervention for essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglian Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital
| | - Yanhong Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Hairong Cai
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Emergency, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Department of Emergency, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaojing Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital
| | - Yaxiu Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital
| | - Shaoping Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital
| | - Qifeng Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital
| | - Bojun Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Risk of hypertension among different metabolic phenotypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 33:365-377. [PMID: 30568291 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic status with the risk of incident hypertension. Relevant studies were identified by searching comprehensive search via PubMed and Scopus search engines up to May 2018 and were analyzed using a random-effects model. Eight prospective studies were included in the analyses with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) as the reference group. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effect models when appropriate. Subgroup analysis was applied to define possible sources of heterogeneity. Overall, among 79090 participants, the risk of hypertension in metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) and metabolically healthy obese phenotypes (MHO) increased compared with the reference group (pooled effect size = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.87-2.04, P < 0.001 vs pooled effect size: 1.54, 95%CI: 1.48-1.61, P < 0.001, respectively). Also, a significant positive association between metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW) phenotype and the risk of hypertension was observed (pooled effect size = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.41-1.55, P < 0.001). Metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUHOW) and metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW) phenotypes had greater risk of hypertension compared with the MHNW phenotype (pooled effect size = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.13-1.71, P < 0.001 and pooled effect size = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.11-1.27, P < 0.001). This meta-analysis revealed that individuals with metabolic abnormality had a higher risk for hypertension and also suggests that MHOW/ MHO are not a benign condition. We are refuting the notion that overweight and obesity without metabolic abnormalities are benign conditions in all population.
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12
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Yu W, Jiang J, Xie L, Li B, Luo H, Fu Y, Chen S, Wu C, Xiang H, Tang S. Mortality Trends in Colorectal Cancer in China During 2000-2015: A Joinpoint Regression and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. Prev Chronic Dis 2018; 15:E156. [PMID: 30576278 PMCID: PMC6307832 DOI: 10.5888/pcd15.180329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As lifestyles have increasingly become westernized in China, public health strategies have increasingly focused on cancer prevention. The objective of this study was to describe trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and the age, period, and cohort effects of CRC mortality in urban and rural China from 2000 to 2015. METHODS We collected CRC mortality data from the China Health Statistics Yearbook. We used joinpoint regression analysis to estimate the slope of mortality trends. We then used the age-period-cohort (APC) model with intrinsic estimator to estimate the age, period, and cohort effects of CRC mortality. RESULTS CRC mortality was higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and the average annual percentage change was also larger in urban areas (4.1%) than in rural areas (3.7%). CRC mortality risk was higher among older adults than among adults aged 20 to 24: the relative risk among adults aged 60 to 64 was 31.09 times higher in urban China and 11.46 times higher in rural China. CRC mortality risk increased with period: compared with period 2000, the relative risk was 1.01 in period 2005, 1.36 in period 2010, and 1.42 in period 2015 in urban China and 1.12 in period 2005, 1.24 in period 2010, and 1.69 in period 2015 in rural China. More recent cohorts had lower CRC mortality risk: compared with the cohort born during 1920-1924, the relative risk of cohort 1950-1954 was 0.70 in urban China and 0.69 in rural China. CONCLUSION More interventions to reduce the burden of CRC should be conducted, and it is more necessary for older people and urban residents to adopt a healthy lifestyle in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Yu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baojing Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanshan Fu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Rd, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenglan Tang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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13
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Li T, Zhong Y, Tang T, Luo J, Cui H, Fan R, Wang Y, Wang D. Formononetin induces vasorelaxation in rat thoracic aorta via regulation of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3675-3684. [PMID: 30464399 PMCID: PMC6219413 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Formononetin (FMN) is an isoflavone that produces arterial vasodilation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the vasorelaxant effect and the potential mechanism of FMN in vascular endothelium in isolated rat aorta. Methods The thoracic aortas of Sprague Dawley rats were isolated to test the arterial reactivity in the presence of FMN with or without inhibitors. Bioinformatics analyses, including a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine and molecular docking methods, were performed to predict therapeutic targets responsible for the vascular protection produced by FMN. We used rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) as an in vitro model to verify the potential mechanism through molecular biological analyses. The production of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites were evaluated via an NO assay kit according to the manufacturer's instruction. The mRNA expression of eNOS was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the protein levels of PTEN, phosphorylated Akt, and eNOS were measured by Western blot. Results We found that FMN dilated rat aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner, which was reduced by endothelium denudation and eNOS inhibition. The bioinformatics analyses indicated that FMN activity was associated with the PI3K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. Molecular biological studies demonstrated that FMN significantly elevated the levels of NO and eNOS mRNA and markedly increased the protein expression of phosphorylated Akt and eNOS in RAOECs, and decreased PTEN compared with a dimethyl sulfoxide group. Conclusion FMN performs vasorelaxation of the thoracic aorta through activating the PI3K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China, ;
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China, ;
| | - Tao Tang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China, ;
| | - Jiekun Luo
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China, ;
| | - Hanjin Cui
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China, ;
| | - Rong Fan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China, ;
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China, ;
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China, ;
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14
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Dunn PH, Woo BKP. Facebook recruitment of Chinese-speaking participants for hypertension education. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 12:690-692. [PMID: 30054194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Effective dissemination of health information to a desired population can be a challenging and expensive process, particularly to Chinese-Americans. Print and radio advertisements are limited by geographic, language, cost, and demographic barriers. The expense and efforts necessary to overcome these challenges can delay the distribution of knowledge and make it more expensive than necessary. The advent of web-based advertisements through media platforms such as Facebook offers a new method of reaching target audiences who can be both cost-effective and specific. A Facebook advertisement was displayed for 48 hours and consisted of a 26-character Chinese text body. The advertisement linked to an external informational video on hypertension prevention. Demographic information including age and gender were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to compare reach and number of ad clicks between age groups. The 48-hour campaign reached a total of 508 people. Of those reached, 289 participants (56.9%) were between the ages of 55-64 years, and 170 participants (33.5%) were 65 years or older. The campaign also generated 52 link clicks. The results show that Facebook is a promising method of engaging Chinese-Americans. It is particularly effective in reaching the older female population and is a cost-effective alternative to print-based advertisements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip H Dunn
- Western University of Health Sciences, St. Pomona, CA, USA.
| | - Benjamin K P Woo
- Olive View - UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Yang C, Wang J, Gao B, Zhang Y, Wang F, Zhang L, Zhao M, Huo Y. Prevalence and treatment of hypertension in China: impacts of 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Guideline. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:488-493. [PMID: 36658809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The definition, recommended treatment thresholds and targets of hypertension have been updated in the recent 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. However, the impacts of this guideline on Chinese population are currently unknown. In this study, we aim to provide updated data in China using criteria from the updated guideline. A multistage, stratified sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample of 50,171 adults aged 18 years and above. Hypertension was defined as an average systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, or an average diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or self-reported use of antihypertensive medications in past 2 weeks. The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 60.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 59.3%-61.0%). The treatment rate and recommended treatment rate were 16.8% (95% CI 16.1%-17.6%) and 53.7% (95% CI 52.6%-54.9%), respectively; the gap was more prominent among men and participants from rural areas. Hence, the adoption of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline will lead to a substantial increase in both prevalence and number of patients needing treatment in China. The applicability of this guideline should be carefully evaluated based on evidence from Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Bixia Gao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Luxia Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China; Center for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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16
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Association between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of hypertension among Chinese adults: a longitudinal study. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2639-2647. [PMID: 29663080 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fruit and vegetable intake has been inversely associated with the risk of hypertension; however, there is inconsistent evidence on the long-term association. Given this gap in the literature, it is necessary to identify evidence from large prospective studies, especially in China, where insufficient evidence exists. Thus, we examined the association of fruit and vegetable intake with incident hypertension in Chinese adults. METHODS We conducted analyses among 5659 Chinese adults aged 18-64 years, free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and hypertension in the 2006 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed using consecutive 24-h recalls. Incident hypertension was identified from the 2011 wave of the survey. RESULTS A total of 866 participants developed incident hypertension. The relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension were 0.74 (0.55-0.99), 0.65 (0.48-0.88), 0.68 (0.50-0.92), and 0.73 (0.53-0.99) comparing each quintile group of fruit and vegetable intake with the lowest quintile group. These associations attenuated for the change of intake but remained significant for the fourth quintile, of which the RR (95% CI) was 0.65 (0.47-0.89). The magnitude of association was stronger among those who were younger, female, overweight and had prehypertension. When examined separately, fruit intake was more strongly and significantly associated with lowering BP than vegetable intake. Adding body mass index to the models attenuated all associations. CONCLUSIONS Greater long-term intake and increased intake of fruit and vegetables may reduce the risk of developing hypertension in Chinese adults.
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17
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Lu Y, Wang P, Zhou T, Lu J, Spatz ES, Nasir K, Jiang L, Krumholz HM. Comparison of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China and the United States. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007462. [PMID: 29374046 PMCID: PMC5850247 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The reasons for China's high stroke prevalence are not well understood. The cardiovascular risk factor profiles of China and the United States have not been directly compared in nationally representative population samples. Methods and Results Using data from the CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) and the NHANES (US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), we compared cardiovascular risk factors from 2011 to 2012 among people aged 45 to 75 years between the 2 countries (China, 12 654 people; United States, 2607 people): blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Compared with the United States, China had a lower prevalence of hypertension but a higher mean blood pressure and a higher proportion of patients with severe hypertension (≥160/100 mm Hg) (10.5% versus 4.5%). China had substantially lower rates of hypertension treatment (46.8% versus 77.9%) and control (20.3% versus 54.7%). Dyslipidemia was less common in China, but lipid levels were not significantly different because dyslipidemia awareness and control rates in China were 3‐ and 7‐fold lower than US rates, respectively. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, body mass index, and waist circumference were significantly lower in China than in the United States. Clustering of hypertension with other cardiovascular risk factors was more common in China. Conclusions Hypertension is more common in the United States, but blood pressure levels are higher in China, which may be responsible for China's high stroke prevalence. The low rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension provide an exceptional opportunity for China to reduce risk in its population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Pei Wang
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Tianna Zhou
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jiapeng Lu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Erica S Spatz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Lixin Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT .,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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18
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He Z, Lv F, Ding Y, Huang H, Liu L, Zhu C, Lei Y, Zhang L, Si C, Wang H. High-fat diet and chronic stress aggravate adrenal function abnormality induced by prenatal caffeine exposure in male offspring rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14825. [PMID: 29093513 PMCID: PMC5665976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated thatprenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) suppressed fetal adrenal steroidogenesis and resulted in developmental programming changes in offspring rats. However, whether these changes play a role in adrenal corticosterone synthesis under high-fat diet (HFD) and unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) remains unknown. In present study, rat model was established by PCE (120 mg/kg.d), and male offspring were provided normal diet or HFD after weaning. At postnatal week 21, several rats fed HFD were exposed to UCS for 3 weeks and sacrificed. The results showed that compared with the corresponding control group, the serum corticosterone levels and adrenal steroid synthetase expression of the PCE offspring without UCS were reduced. Moreover, the glucocorticoid (GC)-activation system was inhibited, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathway expression was increased. With UCS exposure in the PCE offspring, serum corticosterone levels and adrenal steroid synthetase expression were increased, the activity of GC-activation system was enhanced, and adrenal IGF1 signaling pathway expression was decreased. Based on these findings, PCE induced adrenal hypersensitivity in adult male offspring rats, as shown by the reduced corticosterone levels under HFD conditions but significantly enhanced corticosterone levels with UCS, in which GC-IGF1 axis programming alteration may play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yufeng Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hegui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Youyin Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Cai Si
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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19
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Cao ZK, Huang Y, Yu HJ, Yuan S, Tang BW, Li QX, Li XT, Yang XH, He QQ. Association between obesity phenotypes and incident hypertension among Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study. Public Health 2017; 149:65-70. [PMID: 28554164 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association between obesity phenotype and the risk of hypertension among Chinese adults. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort study. METHODS Two waves of data were collected in 2009 and 2011 by the China Health Nutrition Survey. According to International Diabetes Federation and Chinese obesity criteria, participants were divided into four groups: metabolically healthy non-overweight/obesity (MHNO), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO), metabolically abnormal non-overweight/obesity (MANO), and metabolically abnormal overweight/obesity (MAO). Logistic regression model was performed to estimate the risk of hypertension with obesity phenotype. RESULTS Among a total of 4604 adults aged 18-65 years at baseline, 467 developed hypertension during the 2-year follow-up period. After adjusting for several potential confounders, significantly increased risks for hypertension were found for participants in MHO (odd ratio [OR]: 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-2.27), MANO (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.86), and MAO (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 2.54-4.42) group compared with the MHNO group. CONCLUSION Metabolically abnormal individuals, regardless of their body weight status, showed significantly higher risks for hypertension compared with healthy non-overweight/obese group. Furthermore, MHO individuals had significantly increased risk of incident hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z K Cao
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Y Huang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - H J Yu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - S Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - B W Tang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Q X Li
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - X T Li
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - X H Yang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Q Q He
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, PR China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, PR China.
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