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Bedewi J, Girum T, Tsegay T, Derese M, Yasin F, Kasahun A. Adherence to preventive behaviours and associated factors towards COVID-19 among adults in Gurage zone, Ethiopia, 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068090. [PMID: 37147102 PMCID: PMC10163332 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People's adherence to preventive practices for COVID-19 is fundamental to controlling the transmission of the virus. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing adherence to preventive practices for COVID-19 and associated factors among the general population in Gurage zone, Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess preventive practices and associated factors for COVID-19 among adults in the Gurage zone. The study is based on health belief model constructs. The study involved 398 participants. A multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. An interviewer-administered, close-ended, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of the outcome variable. RESULTS The overall adherence to all recommended preventive behaviours of COVID-19 was 17.7%. The majority of respondents (73.1%) practice at least one of the recommended preventive behaviours for COVID-19. Among adults' COVID-19 preventive behaviours score, wearing a face mask was the highest (82.3%) and social distancing was the lowest (35.4%). Residence adjusted OR (AOR)) 3.42 (95% CI 1.6 to 7.31), marital status AOR 0.33 (95% CI (0.15 to 0.71)), knowledge of the absence/presence of the COVID-19 vaccine AOR 0.45 (95% CI (0.21 to 0.95)) and self-rated level of knowledge as poor AOR 0.052 (95% CI 0.036 to 0.18) and self-rated level of knowledge as not bad AOR 0.14 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.82) were significantly associated with social distancing practice. Factors affecting other COVID-19 preventive behaviours are described in the 'Results' section. CONCLUSION Prevalence of good adherence to recommended preventive behaviours for COVID-19 was very low. Residence, marital status, knowledge of vaccine presence, knowledge of curative drug presence, knowledge of the incubation period, the self-rated level of knowledge and perceived risk to be infected with COVID-19 are significantly associated factors with adherence to preventive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Bedewi
- Department of Public Health, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Girum
- Department of Public Health, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mohamed Derese
- Department of Statistics, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | - Fedila Yasin
- Department of Statistics, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Kasahun
- Department of Public Health, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
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Abdulrahman Yusuf K, Isa SM, Al-Abdullah AF, AlHakeem HA. Assessment of knowledge, accessibility, and adherence to the use of personal protective equipment and standard preventive practices among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231180999. [PMID: 37333032 PMCID: PMC10264851 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231180999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers are at risk of acquiring infectious agents while providing services to patients. Thus, the need for evaluating and closely monitoring healthcare worker knowledge, perception, and adherence levels is critical. This study evaluates the knowledge, accessibility, and adherence regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) and preventive protocols among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and methods A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to September 2021. The study participants were 187 healthcare workers who replied to a 31-item questionnaire using an online tool. Results A total of 187 participants responded to the questionnaire. Most of the participants 102 (54.5%) were in the age group of 25-34 years. Of the 187 participants, 98 (52.4%) were medical doctors, and 92 (49.2%) had correct knowledge regarding donning and doffing of PPE. The vast majority (93.7%) had access to essential PPE. The average adherence level was 82.1%. Accessibility (p = 0.003) and adherence (p < 0.01) were found to be significantly high in older age participants. Conclusion The study showed most of the healthcare workers had appropriate knowledge and, they also adhered to the proper use of PPE and infection control protocols. However, few of them identified with poor knowledge about COVID-19, inappropriate doffing of PPE, non-adherence to the protocol, and unacceptable practices. We recommend the provision of adequate training that will lead to minimizing the risk of exposure to and transmission of COVID-19 among healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa Abdulrahman Yusuf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Saad Mohamed Isa
- Department of ENT, Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Hala Abdulmalek AlHakeem
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Alameer A, Maslamani Y, Gosadi IM, Elamin MY, Muaddi MA, Alqassim AY, Doweri A, Namis I, Busayli F, Ahmadini H, Hejri Y, Dahlan A. Assessing Continuity of Adherence to Precautionary Measures for COVID-19 among Vaccinated People in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030800. [PMID: 36985372 PMCID: PMC10054566 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to behavioral respiratory hygiene practices is essential in preventing the transmission of COVID-19, especially given the appearance of new variants of the COVID-19 virus. This study estimated the pre- and post-vaccination levels of adherence to COVID-19 preventive behavioral measures among vaccinated people. METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed the sociodemographics and preventive behavioral measures, and pre- and post-vaccination data, via a questionnaire. Paired t-tests and Chi-squared tests were used to assess the variation in adherence levels. RESULTS Of the 480 participants, 57.9% were male, and 30.4% were aged between 30 and 39 years of age. After vaccination, there was a statistically significant decline in adherence to all the assessed behavioral protective measures (p < 0.05). Being 50 years old or older, female, a healthcare worker, and a smoker were associated with higher adherence levels compared with other groups in the same categories. CONCLUSIONS A change in the behavior of the community members regarding COVID-19 after receiving the vaccination and a reduction in adherence to respiratory hygiene practices was observed. This indicates the importance of raising awareness about the possibility of reinfection with COVID-19 despite the vaccination, and the importance of behavioral respiratory hygiene for the prevention and control of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Alameer
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Maslamani
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Gosadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Elamin
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Muaddi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Y Alqassim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Doweri
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Namis
- Endocrinology and Diabetic Center, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Busayli
- Sabya General Hospital, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Ahmadini
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehya Hejri
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu Dahlan
- Public Health Administration, Jazan Health Directorate, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
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Nikoloski Z, Bain R, Elzalabany MK, Hanna P, Aynsley TR, Samhouri D, Menchini L, Kapil N, Gillespie A. Modelling COVID-19 vaccination status and adherence to public health and social measures, Eastern Mediterranean Region and Algeria. Bull World Health Organ 2023; 101:111-120. [PMID: 36733625 PMCID: PMC9874377 DOI: 10.2471/blt.22.288655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the link between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination status and adherence to public health and social measures in Members of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Algeria. Methods We analysed two rounds of a large, cross-country, repeated cross-sectional mobile phone survey in June-July 2021 and October-November 2021. The rounds included 14 287 and 14 131 respondents, respectively, from 23 countries and territories. Questions covered knowledge, attitudes and practices around COVID-19, and demographic, employment, health and vaccination status. We used logit modelling to analyse the link between self-reported vaccination status and individuals' practice of mask wearing, physical distancing and handwashing. We used propensity score matching as a robustness check. Findings Overall, vaccinated respondents (8766 respondents in round 2) were significantly more likely to adhere to preventive measures than those who were unvaccinated (5297 respondents in round 2). Odds ratios were 1.5 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.3-1.8) for mask wearing; 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3-1.7) for physical distancing; and 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0-1.4) for handwashing. Similar results were found on analysing subsamples of low- and middle-income countries. However, in high-income countries, where vaccination coverage is high, there was no significant link between vaccination and preventive practices. The association between vaccination status and adherence to public health advice was sustained over time, even though self-reported vaccination coverage tripled over 5 months (19.4% to 62.3%; weighted percentages). Conclusion Individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 maintained their adherence to preventive health measures. Nevertheless, reinforcement of public health messages is important for the public's continued compliance with preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Nikoloski
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, LondonWC2A 2AE, England
| | - Robert Bain
- United Nations Children’s Fund Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa, Amman, Jordan
| | - Manal K Elzalabany
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peggy Hanna
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tara Rose Aynsley
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Samhouri
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leonardo Menchini
- United Nations Children’s Fund Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa, Amman, Jordan
| | - Neha Kapil
- United Nations Children’s Fund Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amaya Gillespie
- United Nations Children’s Fund Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa, Amman, Jordan
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Ounsaneha W, Laosee O, Suksaroj TT, Rattanapan C. Preventive Behaviors and Influencing Factors among Thai Residents in Endemic Areas during the Highest Epidemic Peak of the COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2525. [PMID: 36767892 PMCID: PMC9915108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to investigate COVID-19 preventive behavior and influencing factors among Thai residents during the highest epidemic peak of COVID-19. Nine hundred and forty-six residents in five districts with high COVID-19 infection cases in Thailand were systematically included in this cross-sectional survey. The results showed that 87.2% and 65.2% of the residents had a high level of general knowledge and preventive measures, respectively. As to COVID-19 attitudes, poor levels of attitude among Thai residents were found in risk perception (53.6%) and mistrust issues (70.4%). Moreover, this study presents good preventive behavior (77.0%) among Thai residents. Multiple logistic regression showed that the influence factors of COVID-19 preventive behavior were the young age group (AOR 2.97, 95% CI 1.68-5.25), high income (AOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03-1.86), and high level of general COVID-19 knowledge (AOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.64-2.96). The conclusion was that providing information on COVID-19 via social media was the key mechanism of policy action for increasing the level of COVID-19 preventive behavior during the highest epidemic peak in Thailand. In addition, the pandemic preparedness and response policy, with resident participation and involvement, could be recommended for the resilience of pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerawat Ounsaneha
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Klong Nuang, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 13180, Thailand
| | - Orapin Laosee
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73710, Thailand
| | | | - Cheerawit Rattanapan
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73710, Thailand
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Wangchuk T, Kinga, Wangdi U, Tshering U, Wangdi K. Hand Hygiene, Face Mask Use, and Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic among the Students of Mongar Higher Secondary School, Bhutan: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1058. [PMID: 36673813 PMCID: PMC9859439 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-pharmacological measures, such as hand hygiene and face mask use, continue to play an important role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of studies on the adherence to these measures among students in Bhutan. Therefore, we aimed to investigate hand hygiene and face mask-wearing behaviours, as well as their associated factors, among the students of Mongar Higher Secondary School, Bhutan. We conducted a cross-sectional study amongst the students of Mongar Higher Secondary School in Bhutan. The students self-answered the questionnaire on web-based Google Forms. Multivariable logistic regression for good hand washing and face mask use was conducted in order to identify statistically significant socio-demographic covariates. The correlation between hand hygiene and mask use was investigated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A total of 533 students completed the survey questionnaire, 52.9% (282) of whom were female students. Facebook (44.3%, 236) and TV (35.5%, 189) were the two most popular sources of information on COVID-19 prevention and control. Good (scores of ≥80% of total scores) hand hygiene and face mask use were reported in 33.6% (179) and 22.1% (118) of students. In multivariable logistic regression, male students presented 79% (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23−2.613) odds of engaging in good hand hygiene, compared to female students. Compared to grade 9, those in grade 10 were 60% (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.158−0.998) less likely to engage in good hand hygiene. Boarding students presented 68% (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.001, 2.813) higher odds of wearing a face mask compared to day students. There was a significant positive correlation between good hand hygiene and face mask use (r = 0.3671, p-value < 0.001). Good hand hygiene and face mask use were reported in less than one-third of the study participants. It is recommended to continue educating students on good hand hygiene and face mask use through popular information sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinga
- Mongar Higher Secondary School, Mongar 43002, Bhutan
| | - Ugyen Wangdi
- Mongar Higher Secondary School, Mongar 43002, Bhutan
| | - Ugyen Tshering
- Faculty of Education, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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COVID-19 Risk Perception and Adherence to Preventive Measures among Medical Students after Receiving COVID-19 Vaccination: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Egypt. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010007. [PMID: 36679851 PMCID: PMC9866727 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the perception of COVID-19 risk and the adherence to protective measures among medical students after vaccination. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on a convenience sample of students from all the 18 governmental medical schools in Egypt. A total of 2273 students participated in the online self-administered questionnaire. Around 8 in 10 (83.2%) students were fully vaccinated, of which 17.9% received the booster dose. Only 36.9% believed that COVID-19 is serious on the individual level. The majority (73.9%) strongly or slightly agreed they may become infected after vaccination if they do not follow the preventive measures. We observed a slow decline in the perceived risk of vulnerability and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection among students in parallel to a growing perception of self-efficacy and controllability. Less than one-third (28.9%) of students showed good adherence to protective measures. However, this was lower than the previously reported adherence in the same population before vaccination. Female students, those in the first academic year, those who did not contract COVID-19 infection before, and those with a higher perception of susceptibility and perceived controllability were more likely to perform better at protective measures.
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