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Rimoldi S, Di Rosa AR, Oteri M, Chiofalo B, Hasan I, Saroglia M, Terova G. The impact of diets containing Hermetia illucens meal on the growth, intestinal health, and microbiota of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1003-1024. [PMID: 38386264 PMCID: PMC11213805 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with insect meal of Hermetia illucens (HI) in the diet of Sparus aurata farmed inshore on growth, gut health, and microbiota composition. Two isolipidic (18% as fed) and isoproteic (42% as fed) diets were tested at the farm scale: a control diet without HI meal and an experimental diet with 11% HI meal replacing FM. At the end of the 25-week feeding trial, final body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, and hepatosomatic index were not affected by the diet. Gross morphology of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver was unchanged and showed no obvious signs of inflammation. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons (MiSeq platform, Illumina) used to characterize the gut microbial community profile showed that Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of the gut microbiota of gilthead seabream, regardless of diet. Dietary inclusion of HI meal altered the gut microbiota by significantly decreasing the abundance of Cetobacterium and increasing the relative abundance of the Oceanobacillus and Paenibacillus genera. Our results clearly indicate that the inclusion of HI meal as an alternative animal protein source positively affects the gut microbiota of seabream by increasing the abundance of beneficial genera, thereby improving gut health and maintaining growth performance of S. aurata from coastal farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Ambra Rita Di Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Marianna Oteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Imam Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Saroglia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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Agbohessou PS, Mandiki R, Mes W, Blanquer A, Gérardy M, Garigliany MM, Lambert J, Cambier P, Tokpon N, Lalèyè PA, Kestemont P. Effect of fatty acid-enriched black soldier fly larvae meal combined with chitinase on the metabolic processes of Nile tilapia. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1326-1341. [PMID: 38163983 PMCID: PMC10950454 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523003008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine to what extent the addition of chitinase to black soldier fly (BSF) larval meal enriched or not with long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) could improve growth, protein digestion processes and gut microbial composition in Nile tilapia. Two different types of BSF meal were produced, in which larvae were reared on substrates formulated with vegetable culture substrate (VGS) or marine fish offal substrate (FOS). The BSF raised on VGS was enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA), while that raised on FOS was enriched in ALA + EPA + DHA. Six BSF-based diets, enriched or not with chitinase, were formulated and compared with a control diet based on fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO). Two doses (D) of chitinase from Aspergillus niger (2 g and 5 g/kg feed) were added to the BSF larval diets (VGD0 and FOD0) to obtain four additional diets: VGD2, VGD5, FOD2 and FOD5. After 53 d of feeding, results showed that the BSF/FOS-based diets induced feed utilisation, protein efficiency and digestibility, as well as growth comparable to the FMFO control diet, but better than the BSF/VGS-based diets. The supplementation of chitinase to BSF/FOS increased in fish intestine the relative abundance of beneficial microbiota such as those of the Bacillaceae family. The results showed that LC-PUFA-enriched BSF meal associated with chitinase could be used as an effective alternative to fishmeal in order to improve protein digestion processes, beneficial microbiota and ultimately fish growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamphile S. Agbohessou
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agronomics Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Robert Mandiki
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Wouter Mes
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aude Blanquer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mazarine Gérardy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Lambert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cambier
- Unit of Research in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nicole Tokpon
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agronomics Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Philippe A. Lalèyè
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agronomics Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Salahuddin M, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Hiramatsu K, Tomberlin JK, Luza D, Lohakare J. Flight toward Sustainability in Poultry Nutrition with Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:510. [PMID: 38338153 PMCID: PMC10854853 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), have emerged as a promising feed ingredient in broiler chicken diets, known for their high protein content, nutritional richness, and environmental sustainability. This review examines the effects of integrating BSFL into broiler feeds, focusing on aspects such as growth performance, nutrient digestibility, physiological responses, and immune health. The ability of BSFL to transform waste into valuable biomass rich in proteins and lipids underscores their efficiency and ecological benefits. Protein levels in BSFL can range from 32% to 53%, varying with growth stage and diet, offering a robust source of amino acids essential for muscle development and growth in broilers. While the chitin in BSFL poses questions regarding digestibility, the overall impact on nutrient utilization is generally favorable. The inclusion of BSFL in diets has been shown to enhance growth rates, feed efficiency, and carcass quality in broilers, with the larvae's balanced amino acid profile being particularly advantageous for muscle development. BSFL may also support gut health and immunity in broilers due to its bioactive components, potentially influencing the gut's microbial composition and enhancing nutrient absorption and overall health. Moreover, the capacity of BSFL to efficiently convert organic waste into protein highlights their role as an environmentally sustainable protein source for broiler nutrition. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to fully understand the long-term effects of BSFL, ideal inclusion rates, and the impact of varying larval diets and rearing conditions. It is crucial for poultry producers to consult nutritionists and comply with local regulations when incorporating new feed ingredients like BSFL into poultry diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Salahuddin
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (M.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (M.S.); (D.L.)
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Kohzy Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan;
| | - Jeffery K. Tomberlin
- Center for Environmental Sustainability through Insect Farming, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Daylan Luza
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (M.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (M.S.); (D.L.)
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Defaix R, Lokesh J, Frohn L, Le Bechec M, Pigot T, Véron V, Surget A, Biasutti S, Terrier F, Skiba-Cassy S, Roy J, Panserat S, Ricaud K. Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high-starch, 100% plant-based diet. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:6. [PMID: 38247008 PMCID: PMC10802069 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) but may affect growth and health. Inulin, a prebiotic, could have nutritional and metabolic effects, along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts, improving growth and welfare. We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100% plant-based diet, which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds. In a two-factor design, we examined the impact of inulin (2%) as well as the variation in the carbohydrates (CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout. We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters, plasma metabolites, gut microbiota, production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid, as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine, intermediary liver metabolism, and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial. RESULTS The use of 2% inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota, but interestingly, the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity, with 21 bacterial genera affected, including Ralstonia, Bacillus, and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria. There were higher levels of butyric, and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin. The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1b, il8, and tnfa) in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine (tjp1a and tjp3). However, the 2% inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers. Finally, inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates. CONCLUSIONS With a 100% plant-based diet, inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2% inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100% plant-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Defaix
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Laura Frohn
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mickael Le Bechec
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Thierry Pigot
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Vincent Véron
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandra Biasutti
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, IUT des Pays de l'Adour, Département Génie Biologique, Mont de Marsan, France
| | - Frédéric Terrier
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jérôme Roy
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France.
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Chakraborty M, Acharya D, Dutta TK. Diversity analysis of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) gut microbiota using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad208. [PMID: 37699793 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The bacterial communities associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are primarily involved in digestion, physiology, and the immune response against pathogenic bacteria for the overall development and health of the host. Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha), a tropical anadromous fish, found predominantly in Bangladesh and India, has so far been poorly investigated for its gut bacterial communities. In this study, both culture-based and metagenomic approaches were used to detect intestinal isolates of hilsa, captured from both freshwater and seawater to investigate the community structure of intestinal microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS Culture-dependent approach allowed to isolate a total of 23 distinct bacterial species comprising 16 Gram-negative, and 7 Gram-positive isolates, where Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were identified as the two most dominant phyla. While metagenomic approach explored a wide range of important GI bacteria, primarily dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, being the most abundant in freshwater and seawater samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A combination of these approaches provided the differential GI-associated bacterial diversity in freshwater and seawater hilsa with the prediction of overall functional potential. IMPACT STATEMENT The study explored the diversity of gut microbiota in hilsa, one of the most preferred nutritious dietary fish, captured from freshwater and seawater habitats, which may encourage to comprehend the composition of the gut microbiome in relation to the migratory behavior and polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of anadromous fish in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarun Acharya
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
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Biasato I, Gasco L, Schiavone A, Capucchio MT, Ferrocino I. Gut microbiota changes in insect-fed monogastric species: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Anim Front 2023; 13:72-80. [PMID: 37583797 PMCID: PMC10425147 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Italy
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Agboola JO, Rocha SDC, Mensah DD, Hansen JØ, Øyås O, Lapeña D, Mydland LT, Arntzen MØ, Horn SJ, Øverland M. Effect of yeast species and processing on intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed soybean meal-based diets in seawater. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:21. [PMID: 37016467 PMCID: PMC10074822 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeasts are gaining attention as alternative ingredients in aquafeeds. However, the impact of yeast inclusion on modulation of intestinal microbiota of fish fed plant-based ingredients is limited. Thus, the present study investigates the effects of yeast and processing on composition, diversity and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota of Atlantic salmon smolt fed soybean meal (SBM)-based diet. Two yeasts, Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ) and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (WA), were produced in-house and processed by direct heat-inactivation with spray-drying (ICJ and IWA) or autolyzed at 50 °C for 16 h, followed by spray-drying (ACJ and AWA). In a 42-day feeding experiment, fish were fed one of six diets: a fishmeal (FM)-based diet, a challenging diet with 30% SBM and four other diets containing 30% SBM and 10% of each of the four yeast products (i.e., ICJ, ACJ, IWA and AWA). Microbial profiling of digesta samples was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the predicted metabolic capacities of gut microbiota were determined using genome-scale metabolic models. RESULTS The microbial composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota differed between fish fed FM diet and those fed SBM diet. The digesta of fish fed SBM diet was dominated by members of lactic acid bacteria, which was similar to microbial composition in the digesta of fish fed the inactivated yeasts (ICJ and IWA diets). Inclusion of autolyzed yeasts (ACJ and AWA diets) reduced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in fish. The gut microbiota of fish fed ACJ diet was dominated by the genus Pediococcus and showed a predicted increase in mucin O-glycan degradation compared with the other diets. The gut microbiota of fish fed AWA diet was highly dominated by the family Bacillaceae. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that dietary inclusion of FM and SBM differentially modulate the composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota of fish. The inclusion of inactivated yeasts did not alter the modulation caused by SBM-based diet. Fish fed ACJ diet increased relative abundance of Pediococcus, and mucin O-glycan degradation pathway compared with the other diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeleel O Agboola
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Sérgio D C Rocha
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Dominic D Mensah
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jon Ø Hansen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Ove Øyås
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - David Lapeña
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Liv T Mydland
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Magnus Ø Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Svein J Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
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Rocha SDC, Lei P, Morales-Lange B, Mydland LT, Øverland M. From a cell model to a fish trial: Immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a functional ingredient in aquafeeds for salmonids. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125702. [PMID: 36993984 PMCID: PMC10040762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraprobiotics (dead/inactivated probiotics) are promising candidates in functional feeds to promote growth performance, modulate intestinal microbiota and enhance immune response of fish. During industrial production, fish are exposed to several stressful conditions such as handling, sub-optimal nutrition and diseases that can lead to reduced growth, increased mortalities and large economical losses. Such problems can be mitigated by use of functional feeds, leading to more-sustainable aquaculture and improved animal welfare. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain L-137 is a common bacterium found in fermented Southeast Asian dish made from fish and rice. The benefits of its heat-killed form (HK L-137) related to growth performance and immunomodulation have been studied in farmed fish such as Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and bighead catfish (Clarias macrocephalus). To study if such benefits can also be observed in salmonids, we worked both at in vitro level using an intestinal epithelium cell line from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; RTgutGC) stimulated with HK L-137 (Feed LP20™) and at in vivo level with pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed HK L-137 at different inclusion levels (20, 100 and 500 mg of Feed LP20™ kg-1 feed). In RTgutGC, the results showed that the barrier function of the cell monolayer was strengthened along with an increased production of IL-1β and a decreased production of Anxa1, indicating a modulation of the immune response. Interestingly, a similar trend was detected at the in vivo level in distal intestine from fish fed the highest inclusion level of HK L-137. Here, a lower production of Anxa1 was also detected (after a 61-day feeding period) in addition to an increase of total plasma IgM in the same group. Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis showed that HK L-137 was able to modulate the gene expression of pathways related to molecular function, biological process and cellular component in distal intestine, without compromising fish performance and gut microbiota. Taken together, our study has shown that HK L-137 can modulate physiological response of Atlantic salmon, making fish more robust against stressful conditions during production.
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Zhao J, Pan J, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Mai K, Zhang Y. Fishmeal Protein Replacement by Defatted and Full-Fat Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal in Juvenile Turbot Diet: Effects on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8128141. [PMID: 37089257 PMCID: PMC10115534 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8128141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of the same fishmeal protein level replaced by black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal (BSFL) with different lipid contents on the growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) (initial body weight 12.64 g). Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: fish meal-based diet (FM), diets DF and FF, in which 14% fish meal protein of the FM diet was replaced by defatted and full-fat BSFL, respectively. There were no significant differences in growth performance, intestinal morphology, and mucosal barrier function between the DF and the FM group. However, diet FF markedly reduced the growth performance, intestinal perimeter ratio, and the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β (P < 0.05). Compared to group FF, the communities of intestinal microbiota in group DF were more similar to group FM. Moreover, diet DF decreased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria and enriched the potential probiotics, such as Bacillus. Diet FF obviously altered the composition of intestinal microbiota and increased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. These results suggested that the application of defatted BSFL showed more positive effects on fish growth and intestinal health than the full-fat BSFL, and the intestinal microbiota was closely involved in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jintao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhichu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Lu Z, Yao C, Tan B, Dong X, Yang Q, Liu H, Zhang S, Chi S. Effects of Lysophospholipid Supplementation in Feed with Low Protein or Lipid on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Intestinal Flora of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:4347466. [PMID: 36860448 PMCID: PMC9973218 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4347466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were fed diets with three experimental feeds, a control diet (Control, crude protein (CP): 54.52%, crude lipid (CL): 11.45%), a low-protein diet with lysophospholipid (LP-Ly, CP: 52.46%, CL: 11.36%), and a low-lipid diet with lysophospholipid (LL-Ly, CP: 54.43%, CL: 10.19%), respectively. The LP-Ly and LL-Ly groups represented the addition of 1 g/kg of lysophospholipids in the low-protein and low-lipid groups, respectively. After a 64-day feeding trial, the experimental results showed that the growth performance, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index of largemouth bass in both the LP-Ly and LL-Ly groups were not significantly different compared to those in the Control group (P > 0.05). The condition factor and CP content of whole fish were significantly higher in the LP-Ly group than those in the Control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the Control group, the serum total cholesterol level and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activity were significantly lower in both the LP-Ly group and the LL-Ly group (P < 0.05). The protease and lipase activities in the liver and intestine of both group LL-Ly and group LP-Ly were significantly higher than those of the Control group (P < 0.05). Compared to both the LL-Ly group and the LP-Ly group, significantly lower liver enzyme activities and gene expression of fatty acid synthase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were found in the Control group (P < 0.05). The addition of lysophospholipids increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Cetobacterium and Acinetobacter) and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria (Mycoplasma) in the intestinal flora. In conclusion, the supplementation of lysophospholipids in low-protein or low-lipid diets had no negative effect on the growth performance of largemouth bass, but increased the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, enhanced the hepatic lipid metabolism, promoted the protein deposition, and regulated the structure and diversity of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Lu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfeng Yao
- Guangdong Yuehai Feed Group Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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