1
|
Abuawwad MT, Taha MJJ, Abu-Ismail L, Alrubasy WA, Sameer SK, Abuawwad IT, Al-Bustanji Y, Nashwan AJ. Effects of ABO blood groups and RH-factor on COVID-19 transmission, course and outcome: A review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1045060. [PMID: 36714134 PMCID: PMC9878296 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1045060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ABO and Rh blood grouping systems are two of the non-modifiable risk factors that play an important role in the susceptibility, severity and outcomes of COVID-19 infection. This review explores these associations all over the world, in an attempt to conclude a clear idea for future reference in clinical practice. In the present review, a link has been drawn between blood groups and COVID-19 transmission, course and prognosis, as literature suggests that blood group O plays a protective role against the infection, while blood group A exhibits a higher risk of exacerbation. In contrast with Rh negative individuals, Rh positive individuals are prone to more severe infection and complications, despite the fact that the underlying mechanisms of this association remain understudied. Nevertheless, the connection remains subject to controversy; since some studies report doubts about it. Thus, this association requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T. Abuawwad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad J. J. Taha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Luai Abu-Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, Islamic Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Warda A. Alrubasy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shams Khalid Sameer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim T. Abuawwad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yaqeen Al-Bustanji
- Department of Clinical Medical, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
- Department of Nursing, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar,*Correspondence: Abdulqadir J. Nashwan ✉
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kabrah SM, Abuzerr SS, Baghdadi MA, Kabrah AM, Flemban AF, Bahwerth FS, Assaggaf HM, Alanazi EA, Alhifany AA, Al-Shareef SA, Alsabban WH, Khan AA, Alzhrani H, Jambi LK, Alsafi RT, Aslam A, Kabrah HM, Babalghith AO, Halawani AJ. Susceptibility of ABO blood group to COVID-19 infections: clinico-hematological, radiological, and complications analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28334. [PMID: 34967364 PMCID: PMC8718246 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, research indicates that the COVID-19 disease susceptibility varies among individuals depending on their ABO blood groups. Researchers globally commenced investigating potential methods to stratify cases according to prognosis depending on several clinical parameters. Since there is evidence of a link between ABO blood groups and disease susceptibility, it could be argued that there is a link between blood groups and disease manifestation and progression. The current study investigates whether clinical manifestation, laboratory, and imaging findings vary among ABO blood groups of hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 patients.This retrospective cohort study was conducted between March 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021 in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Demographic information, clinical information, laboratory findings, and imaging investigations were extracted from the data warehouse for all confirmed COVID-19 patients.A total of 285 admitted patients were included in the study. Of these, 81 (28.4%) were blood group A, 43 (15.1%) were blood group B, 11 (3.9%) were blood group AB, and 150 (52.6%) were blood group O. This was almost consistent with the distribution of blood groups among the Saudi Arabia community. The majority of the study participants (79.6% [n = 227]) were asymptomatic. The upper respiratory tract infection (P = .014) and shortness of breath showed statistically significant differences between the ABO blood group (P = .009). Moreover, the incidence of the symptoms was highly observed in blood group O followed by A then B except for pharyngeal exudate observed in blood group A. The one-way ANOVA test indicated that among the studied hematological parameters, glucose (P = .004), absolute lymphocyte count (P = .001), and IgA (P = .036) showed statistically significant differences between the means of the ABO blood group. The differences in both X-ray and computed tomography scan findings were statistically nonsignificant among the ABO age group. Only 86 (30.3%) patients were admitted to an intensive care unit, and the majority of them were blood groups O 28.7% (n = 43) and A 37.0% (n = 30). However, the differences in complications' outcomes were statistically nonsignificant among the ABO age group.ABO blood groups among hospitalized COVID-19 patients are not associated with clinical, hematological, radiological, and complications abnormality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Kabrah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samer S. Abuzerr
- Visiting Scholar with the School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Quality Improvement and Infection Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Mohammed A. Baghdadi
- Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Kabrah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa F. Flemban
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez S. Bahwerth
- Laboratory and Blood Bank Department, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza M. Assaggaf
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eisa A. Alanazi
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Information System, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alhifany
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A. Al-Shareef
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Information System, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H. Alsabban
- Information System Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anmar A. Khan
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Alzhrani
- Mathematical Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Layal K. Jambi
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Radi T. Alsafi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebah M. Kabrah
- Laboratory and Blood Bank Department, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O. Babalghith
- Medical Genetic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr J. Halawani
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|