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Hung HY, Lai HH, Lin HC, Chen CY. The impact of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir treatment on serum hyperglycemia in hepatitis C virus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:463-479. [PMID: 36655629 PMCID: PMC9858431 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2168745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of Sofosbuvir (SOF), velpatasvir (VEL), and voxilaprevir (VOX) is an effective, safe rescue therapy for patients with previous treatment failure. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in diabetics with a history of hypoglycemia could improve insulin resistance due to HCV clearance. However, some studies have shown that SOF/VEL/VOX causes grade 3 hyperglycemia and other adverse events, which contradicts the findings of other DAA studies. AIM To analyze the incidence of grade 3 hyperglycemia of SOF/VEL/VOX for chronic HCV infection. METHODS We searched electronic databases from the inception of each database until October 2021. A random-effects model was employed to pool data. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, and quality assessment was performed by using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The study protocol was registered on the INPLASY database (Registration No. 2021120109). RESULTS Five RCTs were included in this review. Overall, 49 of 2315 patients had grade 3 hyperglycemia with a risk ratio of 0.015 (95% confidence interval, 0.010-0.020; p < .001), and the incidence risk ratio (IRR) for cirrhosis compared to without cirrhosis was 12.000 (95% confidence interval: 0.727-198.160), the HCV genotype 3-genotype 1 IRR was 4.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.52-11.22) in subgroup analysis. No significant differences were found within the other subgroups, in prior DAA treatment experience, and in treatment duration. CONCLUSION Although the incidence of hyperglycemia was rare in diabetic patients with HCV, it is recommended that glucose levels be closely monitored during the first 3 months of therapy and that diabetes medication be modified if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yu Hung
- Department of Pharmacy, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsiung Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Master Program in Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Trammell CE, Rowe EH, Char AB, Jones BJ, Fawcett S, Ahlers LRH, Goodman AG. Insulin-mediated endothelin signaling is antiviral during West Nile virus infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0111223. [PMID: 37796127 PMCID: PMC10617537 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01112-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Arboviruses, particularly those transmitted by mosquitoes, pose a significant threat to humans and are an increasing concern because of climate change, human activity, and expanding vector-competent populations. West Nile virus is of significant concern as the most frequent mosquito-borne disease transmitted annually within the continental United States. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized signaling pathway that impacts West Nile virus infection, namely endothelin signaling. Additionally, we demonstrate that we can successfully translate results obtained from D. melanogaster into the more relevant human system. Our results add to the growing field of insulin-mediated antiviral immunity and identify potential biomarkers or intervention targets to better address West Nile virus infection and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chasity E. Trammell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Evelyn H. Rowe
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aditya B. Char
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Brianne J. Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen Fawcett
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Laura R. H. Ahlers
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan G. Goodman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Trammell CE, Rowe EH, Jones BJ, Char AB, Fawcett S, Ahlers LR, Goodman AG. Insulin-mediated endothelin signaling is antiviral during West Nile virus infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524426. [PMID: 36712090 PMCID: PMC9882177 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most prevalent mosquito-borne virus in the United States with approximately 2,000 cases each year. There are currently no approved human vaccines and a lack of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. Understanding host responses to infection may reveal potential intervention targets to reduce virus replication and disease progression. The use of Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to understand innate immunity and host antiviral responses is well established. Previous studies revealed that insulin-mediated signaling regulates WNV infection in invertebrates by regulating canonical antiviral pathways. Because insulin signaling is well-conserved across insect and mammalian species, we sought to determine if results using D. melanogaster can be extrapolated for the analysis of orthologous pathways in humans. Here, we identify insulin-mediated endothelin signaling using the D. melanogaster model and evaluate an orthologous pathway in human cells during WNV infection. We demonstrate that endothelin signaling reduces WNV replication through the activation of canonical antiviral signaling. Taken together, our findings show that endothelin-mediated antiviral immunity is broadly conserved across species and reduces replication of viruses that can cause severe human disease. IMPORTANCE Arboviruses, particularly those transmitted by mosquitoes, pose a significant threat to humans and are an increasing concern because of climate change, human activity, and expanding vector-competent populations. West Nile virus is of significant concern as the most frequent mosquito-borne disease transmitted annually within the continental United States. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized signaling pathway that impacts West Nile virus infection, namely endothelin signaling. Additionally, we demonstrate that we can successfully translate results obtained from D. melanogaster into the more relevant human system. Our results add to the growing field of insulin-mediated antiviral immunity and identifies potential biomarkers or intervention targets to better address West Nile virus infection and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chasity E. Trammell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Evelyn H. Rowe
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Brianne J. Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Aditya B. Char
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Stephen Fawcett
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Laura R.H. Ahlers
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan G. Goodman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Atta S, Kamel M, Mansour W, Hussein T, Maher K, Elrefaiy MA. Ascitic Fluid Cytokines in Chronic Liver Disease: A Possible Prognostic Tool. Dig Dis 2021; 39:534-539. [PMID: 33440370 DOI: 10.1159/000514356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant ascites results from imbalance between protein in the peritoneal cavity and absorption of fluids via the lymphatic system. More than 20 interleukins (ILs) are known to play an important role in the protection against tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ascitic fluid IL-1B, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were assessed in 45 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites as judged by histopathological and ultrasonographic findings. They were divided into 2 groups according to presence of hepatic focal lesions. Ten patients with focal hepatic lesions were randomly selected and subjected to analysis of serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10. RESULTS Ascitic fluid IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than patients with cirrhosis. TNF-α, and IFN-γ were also found to be higher in HCC than patients with cirrhosis but with no significance. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in levels of IL-1B and IL-2 between the 2 groups. Ascitic fluid IL-2 and IL-10 levels were found to be higher in ascitic fluid than in serum of the same patients. CONCLUSION Ascitic fluid levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 are higher in HCC patients than patients with cirrhosis alone. Levels of ascitic fluid IL-2 and IL-10 proved to be a better prognostic tool than their levels in sera of the same patients. To conclude, patients with cirrhosis may be subjected to scheduled examination of ascitic fluid cytokines to predict transformation into HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Atta
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal Kamel
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Mansour
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Kesmat Maher
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elrefaiy
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
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