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Velusamy S, Kandasamy K, Kuppusamy MR, Eswaramoorthy D, Shanmugam M, Murugesan M. Green-synthesized CuO and ZnO nanoparticles derived from Calotropis gigantea (Apple of Sodom): enhancing plant growth, efficient dye removal, and potent antibacterial applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44995-45010. [PMID: 38958855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, have garnered significant attention in various scientific disciplines, including materials science, chemistry, biology, and environmental engineering. In recent years, the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as NiO, Fe2O3, ZnO, SnO2, and CuO via green routes, has gained attraction due to their diverse applications in fields ranging from catalysis and electronics to medicine and environmental remediation. This study focuses on the green synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Calotropis gigantea (Apple of Sodom) leaf extract as a reducing agent and stabilizer, with zinc nitrate (ZnNO3.6H2O) and copper nitrate (CuNO3.3H2O) as precursors. The hexagonal phase of ZnO and monoclinic plan structure of CuO with high crystallinity was confirmed by XRD and elemental composition by EDX analysis. With the help of an SEM image, particle size measured for CuO and ZnO using ImageJ software was found to be 56.08 nm and 46.49 nm, respectively. This study investigates the efficacy of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment, particularly focusing on methylene blue dye decolorization using the statistical processing of response surface methodology (RSM) using the Box-Behnken method. Additionally, it explores the impact of synthesized nanoparticles on seed growth enhancement, using Vigna radiata (green gram) seeds immersed in various doses of nanoparticles (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/30 mL). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is evaluated. The results confirm the effectiveness of the materials for methylene blue dye removal, achieving 80.53% with CuO and 78.25% with ZnO. Significant seed growth was observed with a low nanoparticle dosage of 1.5 mg/30 mL, resulting in the highest seedling vigour index and germination percentage. This reduces the need for fertilizers and lessens environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Velusamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638 060, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kannan Kandasamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638 060, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manjula Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Chemistry, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638 060, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepika Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638 060, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Megavarshini Shanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638 060, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muraliprasath Murugesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638 060, Tamil Nadu, India
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Amin YA, Abdelaziz SG, Said AH. Treatment of postpartum endometritis induced by multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in dairy cattle by green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and in vivo evaluation of its broad spectrum antimicrobial activity in cow uteri. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105074. [PMID: 37948844 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum endometritis significantly affects the health and productivity of cattle, causing significant economic loss that is speculated to exceed billions of dollars annually. Treatment of postpartum endometritis, which is linked to various bacterial infections in the uterus after delivery and has an alarmingly high risk of antibiotic treatment failure for unidentified reasons, represents a great challenge. Several studies have demonstrated that various disease complications, such as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, prolonged infection treatment, and increased mortality risk, have emerged as a result of the extensive use of antibiotics to treat uterine infections and other microbial-related diseases. Recent research has led to the development of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) that exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy against bacterial pathogens, including MDR bacteria, without producing mutants that are resistant to zinc oxide (ZnO). In the present work, we biologically synthesized ZnO NPs from a green natural source of Helianthus annuus seeds for the treatment of endometritis caused by MDR bacterial strains in dairy cattle. We examined ZnO's potential as a substitute antimicrobial agent to treat cow endometritis by testing its ability to sustain potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in cow uteri. Among uterine bacteria, ZnO significantly decreased E. coli and S. aureus, which are known pathogenic bacteria within the uterus and achieved a high cure rate that was associated with the induction of estrous and pregnancy. Taken together, our observations of ZnO's broad range of antibacterial activity in-vivo with an animal model and subsequent evaluations of its therapeutic efficacy in cows with endometritis shed light on its potential to be used as a substitute antimicrobial agent for the treatment of uterine illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia A Amin
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Gamal Abdelaziz
- Microbiology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Qena, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Said
- Electronic and Nano Devices Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Zargham F, Afzal M, Rasool K, Manzoor S, Qureshi NA. Larvicidal activity of green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Grevillea robusta Cunn. leaf extract against vector mosquitoes and their characterization. Exp Parasitol 2023; 252:108586. [PMID: 37468087 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Extensive fumigation of synthetic pesticides to control the mosquito vector during each post-monsoon season in Pakistan significantly enhanced the environmental contamination and extinction of beneficial insects from the urban ecosystems. In this context, the present study examined the larvicidal efficacy of green synthesized iron nanoparticles (IONPs), using an aqueous leaf extract of Grevillea robusta against the early 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi in Pakistan. The prepared IONPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive diffraction. Larvicidal bioassay was conducted at various concentrations (80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 ppm) of IONPs prepared from leaf extract of G. robusta, and readings were taken-every 12 h for two consecutive days. In vitro, larvicidal assay, G. robusta leaf extract IONPs exhibited high mortalities of 64-96% (LC50 = 259.07 ppm; LC90 = 443.92 ppm) for the second instar and 65-98% (LC50 = 238.05 ppm; LC90 = 433.93 ppm) for the fourth instar of Ae. aegypti, while in the case of An. stephensi 56-84% (LC50 = 297.96 ppm; LC90 = 528.69 ppm) for the second and 56-88% (LC50 = 292.72 ppm; LC90 = 514.00 ppm) mortality for fourth larvae at 12-48 h post-exposure times were observed respectively. Significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent and exposure time-dependent trends were observed among the 2nd and 4th larvalinstar of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti. However, both species showed similar response and observed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in percentage mortality between the vector mosquitoes An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti. Overall, this study demonstrates that the larvicidal efficacy of green synthesized IONPs at low concentrations can be an ideal eco-friendly and cost-effective biocontrol of vector mosquitoes' larvae of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zargham
- Parasitology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Parasitology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Entomology and Parasitology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Daska Road Sialkot, 51040, Pakistan.
| | - Khadija Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Saba Manzoor
- Entomology and Parasitology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Daska Road Sialkot, 51040, Pakistan.
| | - Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi
- Parasitology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Parimelazhagan V, Natarajan K, Shanbhag S, Madivada S, Kumar HS. Effective Adsorptive Removal of Coomassie Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Green Synthesized Zinc Hydroxide Nanoparticles Prepared from Calotropis gigantea Leaf Extract. CHEMENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering7020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of color from dye wastewater is crucial, since dyes are extremely toxic and can cause cancer in a variety of life forms. Studies must be done to use cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of color from dye effluents to protect the environment. To our knowledge, virtually no research has been done to describe the possibility of using Calotropis gigantea leaf extract zinc hydroxide nanoparticles (CG-Zn(OH)2NPs) as an adsorbent for the decolorization of Coomassie violet (CV) from the aqueous emulsion, either in batch mode or continuously. In the present batch investigation, CV dye is removed from the synthetic aqueous phase using CG-Zn(OH)2NPs as an adsorbent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various instrumental techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume, a particle size analyser, and zero-point charge. The decolorization efficacy of CV dye from an aqueous phase by the adsorbent was examined in batch mode by varying process parameters. The consequences of various experimental variables were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to achieve the maximum decolorization efficiency (90.74%) and equilibrium dye uptake, qe (35.12 mg g−1). The optimum pH, dye concentration, CG-Zn(OH)2NPs adsorbent dosage, and particle size were found to be 1.8, 225 mg L−1, 5 g L−1, and 78 μm, respectively for CV dye adsorption capacity at equilibrium. The adsorbent zero-point charge was found to be at pH 8.5. The Langmuir isotherm model provided a good representation of the equilibrium data in aqueous solutions, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capability (qmax) of 40.25 mg g−1 at 299 K. The dye adsorption rate follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model at various dye concentrations, which indicated that the reaction is more chemisorption than physisorption. The negative values of ΔG and positive values of ΔH at different temperatures indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, respectively. Reusability tests revealed that the prepared nanoparticles may be used for up to three runs, indicating that the novel CG-Zn(OH)2NPs seems to be a very promising adsorbent for the removal of Coomassie violet dye from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vairavel Parimelazhagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kannan Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Srinath Shanbhag
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sumanth Madivada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Harish S. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
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Green synthesis of AgCl nanoparticles using Calotropis gigantea: Characterization and their enhanced antibacterial activities. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Flower Extract of Abelmoschus esculentus for Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3343-3356. [PMID: 34017172 PMCID: PMC8131074 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s307676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, an economically important malvaceous vegetable crop popularly known as okra, is used in various culinary preparations and is rich in vitamins, minerals, and nutrients. The biological properties of okra flowers in relation to nanoparticle synthesis have not yet been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using extracts of the flowers of A. esculentus. The characteristics of the AgNPs were studied using a UV-vis spectrometer, Fourier transmission infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Antibacterial activity screening was performed using the agar well diffusion method, and cytotoxicity and cell viability studies were conducted using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS The synthesized AgNPs were spherical and ranged in size from 5.52 to 31.96 nm, with an average size of 16.19 nm, as determined by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, TEM and EDX. A. esculentus flower extract-mediated silver nanoparticles (AME-AgNPs) exhibited excellent activities in vitro studies, particularly in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative studies against cancer cell lines, such as the TERT-4 and A-549 cell lines. The antibacterial effects on the Gram-positive pathogens Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes and the Gram-negative pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella sonnei were tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values varied with the bacterial strain. The IC50 values of the synthesized NPs for the tested cell lines were close to that of a standard drug. CONCLUSION Compared to other NPs the NPs synthesized in this study were smaller in size and exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and apoptosis at minimal concentrations, and this is the first study on okra flower-induced anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Use of Different Natural Products to Control Growth of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Green Solvent Emulsion, Characterization, and Their Photocatalytic Application. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:6626313. [PMID: 33777131 PMCID: PMC7981184 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water, one of the crucial and the pillar resources to every living thing, could be polluted day to day by different causes such as expansion in industrialization, rapid increment in population size, the threat of climate, and growth of urbanization. The existence of a number of organic dyes, detergents, and pesticides from industrial effluents could lead to severe diseases and even to the death of human beings. Currently, remediation of those hazardous organic contaminants using semiconductor metal oxide catalysts has received extensive attention in recent years. Among the numerous nanometal oxides, titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been well known as a significant photocatalytic material due to their suitable physiochemical behaviors such as stability, conductivity, high surface area to volume ratio, structure, and porosity nature at the nanoscale level. TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles could be synthesized via several physiochemical approaches; among those, the biogenic technique is the most selective one which involves the synthesis of NPs using different templates. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly protocol that involves the use of different parts and types of biogenic sources such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, virus, and green plants or the byproducts of their metabolism, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agents. TiO2 NPs obtained via the biogenic method provide a potential application for the degradation of organic dyes and other pollutants in wastewater. This method of synthesis of NPs has been given a great attention by researchers due to their nontoxicity, low cost, environmental friendliness, the usage of green solvents, and simplicity of the process. This review focuses on summarizing the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using various biogenic sources, characterization, and their photocatalytic applications for the degradation of different wastes and organic dyes from polluted water.
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Psidium guajava leaves assisted green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: a review. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-020-00088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several attempts have been made for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, revealing the significance of plant extracts in reducing metal source to nanoparticles and applications in various domains of science.
Main body
Psidium guajava (guava) is evergreen, edible fruit-bearing plant, belonging to family Myrtaceae. Its leaves are reported to contain several phytochemicals like tannins, glycosides, terpenes, and triterpenes. This article focus on applications of Psidium guajava leaves extract in fabrication of nanoparticles of various metals like silver, gold, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and copper oxide. In respective research attempts, these metallic nanoparticles were evaluated for one or more applications like anti-microbial activity and/or photocatalytic activity.
Conclusion
Use of polar extract of guava leaves indicated involvement of its polar phyto-compounds in reducing the metal source and stabilizing the nanoparticles. In conclusion, it could be noted that metal nanoparticles have better anti-microbial activity and photocatalytic potential over aqueous leaves extract.
Graphical abstract
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