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Picard LC, Rich FJ, Kenwright DN, Stevens AJ. Epigenetic changes associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment in bladder cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189123. [PMID: 38806074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is an established immunotherapeutic, however, a significant portion of patients do not respond to treatment. Despite extensive research into the therapeutic mechanism of BCG, gaps remain in our understanding. This review specifically focuses on the epigenomic contributions in the immune microenvironment, in the context of BCG treatment for NMIBC. We also summarise the current understanding of NMIBC epigenetic characteristics, and discuss how future targeted strategies for BCG therapy should incorporate epigenomic biomarkers in conjunction with genomic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Picard
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Fenella J Rich
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Diane N Kenwright
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J Stevens
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
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2
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Sanchez MM, Bagdasarian IA, Darch W, Morgan JT. Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9338-9383. [PMID: 36435511 PMCID: PMC9740367 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging remains a primary risk factor for a host of diseases, including leading causes of death. Aging and associated diseases are inherently multifactorial, with numerous contributing factors and phenotypes at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal scales. Despite the complexity of aging phenomena, models currently used in aging research possess limitations. Frequently used in vivo models often have important physiological differences, age at different rates, or are genetically engineered to match late disease phenotypes rather than early causes. Conversely, routinely used in vitro models lack the complex tissue-scale and systemic cues that are disrupted in aging. To fill in gaps between in vivo and traditional in vitro models, researchers have increasingly been turning to organotypic models, which provide increased physiological relevance with the accessibility and control of in vitro context. While powerful tools, the development of these models is a field of its own, and many aging researchers may be unaware of recent progress in organotypic models, or hesitant to include these models in their own work. In this review, we describe recent progress in tissue engineering applied to organotypic models, highlighting examples explicitly linked to aging and associated disease, as well as examples of models that are relevant to aging. We specifically highlight progress made in skin, gut, and skeletal muscle, and describe how recently demonstrated models have been used for aging studies or similar phenotypes. Throughout, this review emphasizes the accessibility of these models and aims to provide a resource for researchers seeking to leverage these powerful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M. Sanchez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - William Darch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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3
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Discovery and Validation of Potential Serum Biomarkers with Pro-Inflammatory and DNA Damage Activities in Ulcerative Colitis: A Comprehensive Untargeted Metabolomic Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100997. [PMID: 36295899 PMCID: PMC9609580 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a type of non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with unclear etiology. It is considered a progressive disease with risks of bowel motility disorders, anorectal dysfunction, and even colorectal cancer. Commonly used diagnostic markers have poor specificity and cannot predict the development of ulcerative colitis. In this study, 77 serum samples (31 patients, 46 healthy controls) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 31 metabolites with significant level changes were found, revealing the relationship of ulcerative colitis to disturbed glutathione metabolism and caffeine metabolism. In addition, pyroglutamic acid, a biomarker of cervical cancer and gastric cancer, was identified with elevated levels in the serum of ulcerative colitis patients. The role of pyroglutamic acid was further analyzed, and the results indicated its positive correlation with the upregulation of inflammatory factors and increased levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) in IEC-6 cells, which are related to DNA damage. All these results suggest that pyroglutamic acid is not only a biomarker for distinguishing ulcerative colitis status, but that it is also a potential effective metabolite that promotes the transformation of ulcerative colitis to colorectal cancer.
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4
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Campion S, Inselman A, Hayes B, Casiraghi C, Joseph D, Facchinetti F, Salomone F, Schmitt G, Hui J, Davis-Bruno K, Van Malderen K, Morford L, De Schaepdrijver L, Wiesner L, Kourula S, Seo S, Laffan S, Urmaliya V, Chen C. The benefits, limitations and opportunities of preclinical models for neonatal drug development. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275112. [PMID: 35466995 PMCID: PMC9066504 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased research to improve preclinical models to inform the development of therapeutics for neonatal diseases is an area of great need. This article reviews five common neonatal diseases – bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, perinatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy and neonatal sepsis – and the available in vivo, in vitro and in silico preclinical models for studying these diseases. Better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of specialized neonatal disease models will help to improve their utility, may add to the understanding of the mode of action and efficacy of a therapeutic, and/or may improve the understanding of the disease pathology to aid in identification of new therapeutic targets. Although the diseases covered in this article are diverse and require specific approaches, several high-level, overarching key lessons can be learned by evaluating the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in the available models. This Review is intended to help guide current and future researchers toward successful development of therapeutics in these areas of high unmet medical need. Summary: This article reviews and analyzes the available preclinical models for five common neonatal diseases to direct therapeutic development in these areas of high unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Campion
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Amy Inselman
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Systems Biology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Belinda Hayes
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Costanza Casiraghi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - David Joseph
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Georg Schmitt
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Pharmaceutical Sciences, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hui
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Nonclinical Research and Development, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Karen Davis-Bruno
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Karen Van Malderen
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP), Department DG PRE authorization, 1210 Brussels, Belgium
| | - LaRonda Morford
- Eli Lilly, Global Regulatory Affairs, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | - Lutz Wiesner
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Clinical Trials, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kourula
- Janssen R&D, Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Suna Seo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Susan Laffan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Non-Clinical Safety, Collegeville, PA 19406, USA
| | | | - Connie Chen
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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5
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Superoxide Dismutase 3-Transduced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Preserve Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier in Murine Colitis and Attenuate Inflammatory Damage in Epithelial Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126431. [PMID: 34208517 PMCID: PMC8233984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), also known as extracellular superoxide dismutase, is an enzyme that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been reported that SOD3 exerts anti-inflammatory abilities in several immune disorders. However, the effect of SOD3 and the underlying mechanism in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have not been uncovered. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether SOD3 can protect intestinal cells or organoids from inflammation-mediated epithelial damage. Cells or mice were treated with SOD3 protein or SOD3-transduced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Caco-2 cells or intestinal organoids stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines were used to evaluate the protective effect of SOD3 on epithelial junctional integrity. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice received SOD3 or SOD3-transduced MSCs (SOD3-MSCs), and were assessed for severity of disease and junctional protein expression. The activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and elevated expression of cytokine-encoding genes decreased in TNF-α-treated Caco-2 cells or DSS-induced colitis mice when treated with SOD3 or SOD3-MSCs. Moreover, the SOD3 supply preserved the expression of tight junction (ZO-1, occludin) or adherence junction (E-cadherin) proteins when inflammation was induced. SOD3 also exerted a protective effect against cytokine- or ROS-mediated damage to intestinal organoids. These results indicate that SOD3 can effectively alleviate enteritis symptoms by maintaining the integrity of epithelial junctions and regulating inflammatory- and oxidative stress.
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Chazelas P, Steichen C, Favreau F, Trouillas P, Hannaert P, Thuillier R, Giraud S, Hauet T, Guillard J. Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Ischemia Reperfusion Models: Characteristics, Limits and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052366. [PMID: 33673423 PMCID: PMC7956779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury is a complex process consisting of a seemingly chaotic but actually organized and compartmentalized shutdown of cell function, of which oxidative stress is a key component. Studying oxidative stress, which results in an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense activity, is a multi-faceted issue, particularly considering the double function of ROS, assuming roles as physiological intracellular signals and as mediators of cellular component damage. Herein, we propose a comprehensive overview of the tools available to explore oxidative stress, particularly in the study of ischemia reperfusion. Applying chemistry as well as biology, we present the different models currently developed to study oxidative stress, spanning the vitro and the silico, discussing the advantages and the drawbacks of each set-up, including the issues relating to the use of in vitro hypoxia as a surrogate for ischemia. Having identified the limitations of historical models, we shall study new paradigms, including the use of stem cell-derived organoids, as a bridge between the in vitro and the in vivo comprising 3D intercellular interactions in vivo and versatile pathway investigations in vitro. We shall conclude this review by distancing ourselves from "wet" biology and reviewing the in silico, computer-based, mathematical modeling, and numerical simulation options: (a) molecular modeling with quantum chemistry and molecular dynamic algorithms, which facilitates the study of molecule-to-molecule interactions, and the integration of a compound in a dynamic environment (the plasma membrane...); (b) integrative systemic models, which can include many facets of complex mechanisms such as oxidative stress or ischemia reperfusion and help to formulate integrated predictions and to enhance understanding of dynamic interaction between pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chazelas
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, Université de Limoges, EA 6309, 87032 Limoges, France; (P.C.); (F.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, Université de Limoges, EA 6309, 87032 Limoges, France; (P.C.); (F.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM U1248, IPPRITT, Université de Limoges, 87032 Limoges, France;
- RCPTM, University Palacký of Olomouc, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Hannaert
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Raphaël Thuillier
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
- FHU SUPORT Survival Optimization in Organ Transplantation, 86021 Poitiers, France
- IBiSA Plateforme Modélisation Préclinique-Innovations Chirurgicale et Technologique (MOPICT), Do-maine Expérimental du Magneraud, 17700 Surgères, France
| | - Jérôme Guillard
- UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, Team 5 Chemistry, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-49-44-38-59
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Caioni G, Viscido A, d’Angelo M, Panella G, Castelli V, Merola C, Frieri G, Latella G, Cimini A, Benedetti E. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:985. [PMID: 33498177 PMCID: PMC7863964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), i.e., Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are still not completely understood. The exact etiology remains unknown, but it is well established that the pathogenesis of the inflammatory lesions is due to a dysregulation of the gut immune system resulting in over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence underlines the involvement of both environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the environment, the microbiota seems to play a crucial role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert pleiotropic effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, inflammatory/immune processes, cell proliferation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, PPARs modulate interactions with several environmental factors, including microbiota. A significantly impaired PPARγ expression was observed in UC patients' colonic epithelial cells, suggesting that the disruption of PPARγ signaling may represent a critical step of the IBD pathogenesis. This paper will focus on the role of PPARγ in the interaction between environmental factors and IBD, and it will analyze the most suitable in vitro and in vivo models available to better study these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.); (M.d.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.F.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.); (M.d.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.F.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.); (M.d.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.F.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Gloria Panella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.); (M.d.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.F.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.); (M.d.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.F.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Carmine Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Frieri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.); (M.d.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.F.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.); (M.d.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.F.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.); (M.d.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.F.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.); (M.d.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (G.F.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
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8
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Hewes SA, Wilson RL, Estes MK, Shroyer NF, Blutt SE, Grande-Allen KJ. In Vitro Models of the Small Intestine: Engineering Challenges and Engineering Solutions. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:313-326. [PMID: 32046599 PMCID: PMC7462033 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathologies affecting the small intestine contribute significantly to the disease burden of both the developing and the developed world, which has motivated investigation into the disease mechanisms through in vitro models. Although existing in vitro models recapitulate selected features of the intestine, various important aspects have often been isolated or omitted due to the anatomical and physiological complexity. The small intestine's intricate microanatomy, heterogeneous cell populations, steep oxygen gradients, microbiota, and intestinal wall contractions are often not included in in vitro experimental models of the small intestine, despite their importance in both intestinal biology and pathology. Known and unknown interdependencies between various physiological aspects necessitate more complex in vitro models. Microfluidic technology has made it possible to mimic the dynamic mechanical environment, signaling gradients, and other important aspects of small intestinal biology. This review presents an overview of the complexity of small intestinal anatomy and bioengineered models that recapitulate some of these physiological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Hewes
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Reid L. Wilson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Genetic Profile and Microsatellite Instability in a Case of Secondary Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 12 Years After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Aplastic Anemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 42:302-306. [PMID: 30499911 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on a 16-year-old Japanese boy in whom an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) developed 12 years after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed for aplastic anemia. A high frequency of microsatellite instability was detected in samples of ESCC. Moreover, the detection of pathogenic variants, including single nucleotide substitution of TP53 (c.346C>T) and BRCA2 (c.6952C>T) and splicing of KDM6A (c.1194+2T>G), suggest that the development of ESCC in the patient was triggered by impairment of checkpoint and repair for DNA damage and epigenetic modification through accumulation of gene mutations induced by chronic graft-versus-host disease and prolonged administration of tacrolimus.
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10
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Basilicata MG, Pepe G, Rapa SF, Merciai F, Ostacolo C, Manfra M, Di Sarno V, Autore G, De Vita D, Marzocco S, Campiglia P. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Dehydrated Potato-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Intestinal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6087. [PMID: 31816826 PMCID: PMC6928682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are always more recognized as responsible for chronic disease at the intestinal level. Currently, a growing interest is addressed to the discovery of diet-derived products which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This work aims to characterize the pharmacological potential of dehydrated potatoes. For this purpose, a simulated gastrointestinal digestion was carried out. The bioaccessible peptides were fractionated on the basis of their molecular weight and tested on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) under oxidative and inflammatory conditions. Our results demonstrate that the tested peptide fractions were able to significantly inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α release and cycloxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. The tested peptides also showed significant antioxidant activity, being able to both reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, also from mitochondria, and nitrotyrosine formation, and increase the antioxidant response by heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase expression. Moreover, the peptide fractions were able to significantly increase the wound repair in IEC-6. The obtained results indicate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of dehydrated potatoes at the intestinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Giovanna Basilicata
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (G.P.); (S.F.R.); (F.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (G.P.); (S.F.R.); (F.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Shara Francesca Rapa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (G.P.); (S.F.R.); (F.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Fabrizio Merciai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (G.P.); (S.F.R.); (F.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (G.P.); (S.F.R.); (F.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (G.P.); (S.F.R.); (F.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (G.P.); (S.F.R.); (F.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (G.P.); (S.F.R.); (F.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.)
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Via De Renzi 50, I-84125 Salerno, Italy
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11
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Naringenin inhibits migration of breast cancer cells via inflammatory and apoptosis cell signaling pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1021-1036. [PMID: 30941613 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-00556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naringenin, a flavonoid compound, has a wide variety of uses in the pharmaceutical industry for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. OBJECTIVES The current experiment aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of naringenin in triple-negative human breast cancer cells (MDA-MR-231) and an animal model with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in female rats to determine the mechanisms and molecular targets. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of naringenin against MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle alterations were analyzed via flow cytometry. Morphological and biochemical changes in DMBA-induced cancer with naringenin treatment were assayed using our protocol. The potential mechanisms of action were verified via qRT-PCR. RESULTS Naringenin was found to inhibit cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This effect was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, along with apoptosis and deposition at the sub-G1 phase (75%). Treatment with naringenin reduced tumor incidence (45.55, 40, and 27.67%) and tumor burden (78.7, 35.4, and 1.2 g) in a dose-dependent manner. Naringenin treatment altered the biochemical and antioxidant parameters related to inflammation necessary for anticancer activity. The qRT-PCR studies further confirmed the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic effects of naringenin. CONCLUSION On the basis of these results, we can conclude that naringenin exerts an anticancer effect in the MDA-MB-231 cell line that arrests cell development at the G0/G1 phase, and in vivo it alters the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway responsible for apoptosis.
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Rankin CR, Theodorou E, Man Law IK, Rowe L, Kokkotou E, Pekow J, Wang J, Martín MG, Pothoulakis C, Padua D. Identification of novel mRNAs and lncRNAs associated with mouse experimental colitis and human inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G722-G733. [PMID: 29953254 PMCID: PMC6293253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00077.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disorder that is associated with significant morbidity. While many recent advances have been made with new diagnostic and therapeutic tools, a deeper understanding of its basic pathophysiology is needed to continue this trend toward improving treatments. By utilizing an unbiased, high-throughput transcriptomic analysis of two well-established mouse models of colitis, we set out to uncover novel coding and noncoding RNAs that are differentially expressed in the setting of colonic inflammation. RNA-seq analysis was performed using colonic tissue from two mouse models of colitis, a dextran sodium sulfate-induced model and a genetic-induced model in mice lacking IL-10. We identified 81 coding RNAs that were commonly altered in both experimental models. Of these coding RNAs, 12 of the human orthologs were differentially expressed in a transcriptomic analysis of IBD patients. Interestingly, 5 of the 12 of human differentially expressed genes have not been previously identified as IBD-associated genes, including ubiquitin D. Our analysis also identified 15 noncoding RNAs that were differentially expressed in either mouse model. Surprisingly, only three noncoding RNAs were commonly dysregulated in both of these models. The discovery of these new coding and noncoding RNAs expands our transcriptional knowledge of mouse models of IBD and offers additional targets to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiology of IBD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Much of the genome is transcribed as non-protein-coding RNAs; however, their role in inflammatory bowel disease is largely unknown. This study represents the first of its kind to analyze the expression of long noncoding RNAs in two mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease and correlate them to human clinical samples. Using high-throughput RNA-seq analysis, we identified new coding and noncoding RNAs that were differentially expressed such as ubiquitin D and 5730437C11Rik.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Robert Rankin
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Evangelos Theodorou
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivy Ka Man Law
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lorraine Rowe
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Efi Kokkotou
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Pekow
- 3Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiafang Wang
- 4Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martín G. Martín
- 4Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Padua
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California,5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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Laczkó D, Wang F, Johnson FB, Jhala N, Rosztóczy A, Ginsberg GG, Falk GW, Rustgi AK, Lynch JP. Modeling Esophagitis Using Human Three-Dimensional Organotypic Culture System. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28627413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Esophagitis, whether caused by acid reflux, allergic responses, graft-versus-host disease, drugs, or infections, is a common condition of the gastrointestinal tract affecting nearly 20% of the US population. The instigating agent typically triggers an inflammatory response. The resulting inflammation is a risk factor for the development of esophageal strictures, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Research into the pathophysiology of these conditions has been limited by the availability of animal and human model systems. Three-dimensional organotypic tissue culture (OTC) is an innovative three-dimensional multicellular in vitro platform that recapitulates normal esophageal epithelial stratification and differentiation. We hypothesized that this platform can be used to model esophagitis to better understand the interactions between immune cells and the esophageal epithelium. We found that human immune cells remain viable and respond to cytokines when cultured under OTC conditions. The acute inflammatory environment induced in the OTC significantly affected the overlying epithelium, inducing a regenerative response marked by increased cell proliferation and epithelial hyperplasia. Moreover, oxidative stress from the acute inflammation induced DNA damage and strand breaks in epithelial cells, which could be reversed by antioxidant treatment. These findings support the importance of immune cell-mediated esophageal injury in esophagitis and confirms the utility of the OTC platform to characterize the underlying molecular events in esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Laczkó
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - F Bradley Johnson
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nirag Jhala
- Department of Pathology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - András Rosztóczy
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gregory G Ginsberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary W Falk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John P Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Kong J, Whelan KA, Laczkó D, Dang B, Caro Monroig A, Soroush A, Falcone J, Amaravadi RK, Rustgi AK, Ginsberg GG, Falk GW, Nakagawa H, Lynch JP. Autophagy levels are elevated in barrett's esophagus and promote cell survival from acid and oxidative stress. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:1526-1541. [PMID: 26373456 PMCID: PMC4794420 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism that is activated during cellular stress. We hypothesized that autophagy may be induced by acid reflux, which causes injury, and inflammation, and therefore, contributes to the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Currently, the role of autophagy in BE and EAC is poorly studied. We quantitatively define autophagy levels in human BE cell lines, a transgenic mouse model of BE, and human BE, and EAC biopsies. Human non-dysplastic BE had the highest basal number of autophagic vesicles (AVs), while AVs were reduced in normal squamous cells and dysplastic BE cells, and nearly absent in EAC. To demonstrate a functional role for autophagy in BE pathogenesis, normal squamous (STR), non-dysplastic BE (CPA), dysplastic BE (CPD), and EAC (OE19) cell lines were exposed to an acid pulse (pH 3.5) followed by incubation in the presence or absence of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. Acid exposure increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in STR and CPA cells. Chloroquine alone had a small impact on intracellular ROS or cell survival. However, combination of chloroquine with the acid pulse resulted in a significant increase in ROS levels at 6 h in STR and CPA cells, and increased cell death in all cell lines. These findings establish increased numbers of AVs in human BE compared to normal squamous or EAC, and suggest that autophagy functions to improve cell survival after acid reflux injury. Autophagy may thus play a critical role in BE pathogenesis and progression. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Kong
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dorottya Laczkó
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brendan Dang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angeliz Caro Monroig
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali Soroush
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Falcone
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, and the Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory G Ginsberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary W Falk
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John P Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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15
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Bauer C, Niculescu-Morzsa E, Jeyakumar V, Kern D, Späth SS, Nehrer S. Chondroprotective effect of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid on osteoarthritic chondrocytes in a co-cultivation inflammation model with M1 macrophages. J Inflamm (Lond) 2016; 13:31. [PMID: 27625590 PMCID: PMC5020517 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is described by an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes in the affected joint. This dysregulation of metabolism affects not only chondrocytes within cartilage tissue but also the cells of the synovial membrane across the border of the joint. An important factor in OA is the low viscosity of the synovial fluid. High-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) can be used to increase the viscosity and also reduce inflammatory processes. The purpose was to establish an in vitro inflammation model and to evaluate the effects of high-molecular-weight HA in a co-cultivation inflammation model of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and M1 macrophages. METHODS For the establishment of the inflammation model THP-1 cells were, at first, differentiated to M0 macrophages and then activated to the M1 subtype after 5 days of resting period. Surface markers, cytokine release, and gene expression, were analyzed to examine the successful differentiation. In the inflammation model, the defined M1 macrophages were co-cultivated with osteoarthritic chondrocytes for 2 days, with and without the addition of 10 % HA and further analyzed for chondrogenic gene expression markers and the release of cytokines in the supernatant. RESULTS The differentiation and activation process was successful as M1 macrophages expressed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and specific genes. Similarly, the surface marker CD14 was significantly decreased compared to M0 macrophages. For the co-culture system, the analysis of gene expression showed that HA increased the expression of cartilage-specific genes while catabolic-encoding genes exhibited lower expression levels than the control group. This positive effect of HA was also demonstrated by the measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as their level decreased. CONCLUSION Our study implies that high-molecular-weight HA has a chondroprotective effect in the present co-cultivation inflammation model, as it decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases anabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bauer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Eugenia Niculescu-Morzsa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Vivek Jeyakumar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Daniela Kern
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Stephan S. Späth
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Stefan Nehrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
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Chong ZZ. Targeting PRAS40 for multiple diseases. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1222-31. [PMID: 27086010 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich Akt substrate 40kDa (PRAS40) bridges cell signaling between protein kinase B (Akt) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Both Akt and mTORC1 can phosphorylate PRAS40. As a negative regulator of mTORC1, PRAS40 prevents the binding of mTOR to its substrates. The phosphorylation of PRAS40 results in its dissociation from mTORC1 and enhanced mTOR activation. PRAS40 in conjunction with mTORC1 has been closely associated with programmed cell death and is implicated in diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological diseases. Thus, targeting PRAS40 might hold great promise for innovative therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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17
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Curcumin as a therapeutic agent in the chemoprevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:843-9. [PMID: 26995272 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic ailments of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by recurrent inflammation. Current therapeutic strategies are based on the mitigation of symptoms, including inflammatory remission and healing of mucosal manifestations. Extensive studies have suggested that continuous oxidative damage can lead to the inflammatory signaling cascade in IBD. Curcumin, a potent modulator of cell signaling, is popular for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and has already been shown remarkable therapeutic results in IBD. Here, we review and discuss the effects of curcumin as a therapeutic agent in the chemoprevention of IBD.
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18
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Changes in the distribution of type II transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS2 and in paracellular permeability in IPEC-J2 cells exposed to oxidative stress. Inflammation 2015; 38:775-83. [PMID: 25097076 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oxidative stress on barrier integrity and localization of transmembrane serine proteinase 2 (TMPRSS2) were studied using porcine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells on membrane inserts. Increased paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran 4 kDa (fluorescence intensity 43,508 ± 2,391 versus 3,550 ± 759) and that of gentamicin (3.41 ± 0.06 % increase to controls) were measured parallel with the reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (23.3 ± 4.06 % decrease) of cell layers 6 h after 1 h 1 mM H2O2 treatment. The immunohistochemical localization of adherens junctional β-catenin was not affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS) up to 4 mM H2O2. Peroxide-triggered enhanced paracellular permeability of IPEC-J2 cell layer was accompanied by predominantly cytoplasmic occurrence of TMPRSS2 embedded in cell membrane under physiological conditions. These results support that ROS can influence paracellular gate opening via multifaceted mode of action without involvement of β-catenin redistribution in adherens junction. Altered distribution pattern of TMPRSS2 and relocalized transmembrane serine protease activity may contribute to weakening of epithelial barrier integrity under acute oxidative stress.
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Abstract
Oxygen is used by eukaryotic cells for metabolic transformations and energy production in mitochondria. Under physiological conditions, there is a constant endogenous production of intermediates of reactive oxygen (ROI) and nitrogen species (RNI) that interact as signaling molecules in physiological mechanisms. When these species are not eliminated by antioxidants or are produced in excess, oxidative stress arises. Oxidative stress can damage proteins, lipids, DNA, and organelles. It is a process directly linked to inflammation; in fact, inflammatory cells secrete a large number of cytokines and chemokines responsible for the production of ROI and RNI in phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells through the activation of protein kinases signaling. Currently, there is a wide variety of diseases capable of producing inflammatory manifestations. While, in the short term, most of these diseases are not fatal they have a major impact on life quality. Since there is a direct relationship between chronic inflammation and many emerging disorders like cancer, oral diseases, kidney diseases, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal chronic diseases or rheumatics diseases, the aim of this review is to describe the use and role of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, that works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger, like a potent antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroha Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja Street, Granada 18071, Spain.
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In vitro model for studying esophageal epithelial differentiation and allergic inflammatory responses identifies keratin involvement in eosinophilic esophagitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127755. [PMID: 26039063 PMCID: PMC4454568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial differentiation is an essential physiological process that imparts mechanical strength and barrier function to squamous epithelia. Perturbation of this process can give rise to numerous human diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, in which antigenic stimuli can penetrate the weakened epithelial barrier to initiate the allergic inflammatory cascade. We recently described a simplified air-liquid interface (ALI) culture system that facilitates the study of differentiated squamous epithelia in vitro. Herein, we use RNA sequencing to define the genome-wide transcriptional changes that occur within the ALI system during epithelial differentiation and in response to allergic inflammation. We identified 2,191 and 781 genes that were significantly altered upon epithelial differentiation or dysregulated in the presence of interleukin 13 (IL-13), respectively. Notably, 286 genes that were modified by IL-13 in the ALI system overlapped with the gene signature present within the inflamed esophageal tissue from patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an allergic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus that is characterized by elevated IL-13 levels, altered epithelial differentiation, and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Pathway analysis of these overlapping genes indicated enrichment in keratin genes; for example, the gene encoding keratin 78, an uncharacterized type II keratin, was upregulated during epithelial differentiation (45-fold) yet downregulated in response to IL-13 and in inflamed esophageal tissue from patients. Thus, our findings delineate an in vitro experimental system that models epithelial differentiation that is dynamically regulated by IL-13. Using this system and analyses of patient tissues, we identify an altered expression profile of novel keratin differentiation markers in response to IL-13 and disease activity, substantiating the potential of this combined approach to identify relevant molecular processes that contribute to human allergic inflammatory disease.
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Bruns BR, Lissauer M, Tesoriero R, Narayan M, Buchanan L, Galvagno SM, Diaz J. Infectious complications and mortality in an American acute care surgical service. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 42:243-7. [PMID: 26038056 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-015-0538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute care surgery (ACS) services have evolved in an effort to provide 24-h surgical services for a wide array of general surgical emergencies. The formation of ACS services has been shown to improve outcomes and lead to more expeditious care. Despite the advances of ACS, the etiology and timing of patient mortality has yet to be described. We hypothesized that infectious complications occur more frequently in ACS patients that die during their hospitalization. METHODS A retrospective review of a local ACS service (non-trauma) registry was conducted. Demographic variables, admission and discharge data, and ICD-9 codes were collected. ICD-9 codes were used to identify patients with sepsis, shock, GI perforation, peritonitis, and other hospital acquired infections (urinary tract, bloodstream, and ventilator-associated pneumonias). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to model the outcome of death. RESULTS 1,329 patients were analyzed. 53 % were male with the mean age of 52 years and an average length of stay of 13 days. 106 (8 %) died while in the hospital. Of the patients who died, 34 (32 %) died within 7 days of admission. The majority of mortalities (56 %) occurred after hospital day 14. In ACS patients that died, there were significantly higher rates of sepsis, shock, peritonitis, urinary tract infections, and VAP. After adjustment; age, sepsis on admission, and shock on admission were associated with greater odds of death. CONCLUSION ACS patients with sepsis and shock have higher mortality rate than those patients without. The majority of ACS patient deaths occurred after hospital day 14. Further investigation and continued focus on preventing and rapidly treating infectious complications as they arise is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Bruns
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - M Lissauer
- Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - R Tesoriero
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - M Narayan
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - L Buchanan
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - S M Galvagno
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Program in Trauma, Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jose Diaz
- University of Maryland Medical Center, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Arumugam S, Sreedhar R, Thandavarayan RA, Giridharan VV, Karuppagounder V, Pitchaimani V, Afrin MR, Miyashita S, Nomoto M, Harima M, Suzuki H, Nakamura T, Nakamura M, Suzuki K, Watanabe K. Telmisartan treatment targets inflammatory cytokines to suppress the pathogenesis of acute colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium. Cytokine 2015; 74:305-12. [PMID: 25873126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is essential for the regulation of cardiovascular and renal functions to maintain the fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated a locally expressed RAS in various tissues of mammals, which is having pathophysiological roles in those organ system. Interestingly, local RAS has important role during the inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Further to delineate its role and also to identify the potential effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, we have used a mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium. We have used 0.01 and 5mg/kg body weight doses of telmisartan and administered as enema to facilitate the on-site action and to reduce the systemic adverse effects. Telmisartan high dose treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index score when compared with the colitis control mice. In addition, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers expression were also significantly reduced when compared with the colitis control mice. Subsequent experiments were carried out to investigate some of the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects and identified that the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 as well as cellular DNA damage were significantly suppressed when compared with the colitis control mice. Similarly the apoptosis marker proteins such as cleaved caspase 3 and 7 levels were down-regulated and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 level was significantly upregulated by telmisartan treatment. These results indicate that blockade of RAS by telmisartan can be an effective therapeutic option against acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Natarajapuram, Komarapalayam, Namakkal 638183, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vigneshwaran Pitchaimani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Mst Rejina Afrin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miyashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nomoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951 8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan.
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23
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Nakagawa H, Whelan K, Lynch JP. Mechanisms of Barrett's oesophagus: intestinal differentiation, stem cells, and tissue models. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 29:3-16. [PMID: 25743452 PMCID: PMC4352719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's oesophagus (BE) is defined as any metaplastic columnar epithelium in the distal oesophagus which replaces normal squamous epithelium and which predisposes to cancer development. It is this second requirement, the predisposition to cancer, which makes this condition both clinically highly relevant and an important area for ongoing research. While BE has been defined pathologically since the 1950's (Allison and Johnstone, Thorax 1955), and identified as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma since the 1970's (Naef A.P., et al J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975), our understanding of the molecular events giving rise to this condition remains limited. Herein we will examine what is known about the intestinal features of BE and how well it recapitulates the intestinal epithelium, including stem identity and function. Finally, we will explore laboratory models of this condition presently in use and under development, to identify new insights they may provide into this important clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Research Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, 421 Curie Boulevard, 956 Biomedical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: 215-573-1867, Fax: 215-573-2024
| | - Kelly Whelan
- Division of Gastroenterology, 421 Curie Boulevard, 956 Biomedical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - John P Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, 421 Curie Boulevard, 956 Biomedical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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24
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Haldar S, Dru C, Choudhury D, Mishra R, Fernandez A, Biondi S, Liu Z, Shimada K, Arditi M, Bhowmick NA. Inflammation and pyroptosis mediate muscle expansion in an interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6574-83. [PMID: 25596528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle inflammation is often associated with its expansion. Bladder smooth muscle inflammation-induced cell death is accompanied by hyperplasia and hypertrophy as the primary cause for poor bladder function. In mice, DNA damage initiated by chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide activated caspase 1 through the formation of the NLRP3 complex resulting in detrusor hyperplasia. A cyclophosphamide metabolite, acrolein, caused global DNA methylation and accumulation of DNA damage in a mouse model of bladder inflammation and in cultured bladder muscle cells. In correlation, global DNA methylation and NLRP3 expression was up-regulated in human chronic bladder inflammatory tissues. The epigenetic silencing of DNA damage repair gene, Ogg1, could be reversed by the use of demethylating agents. In mice, demethylating agents reversed cyclophosphamide-induced bladder inflammation and detrusor expansion. The transgenic knock-out of Ogg1 in as few as 10% of the detrusor cells tripled the proliferation of the remaining wild type counterparts in an in vitro co-culture titration experiment. Antagonizing IL-1β with Anakinra, a rheumatoid arthritis therapeutic, prevented detrusor proliferation in conditioned media experiments as well as in a mouse model of bladder inflammation. Radiation treatment validated the role of DNA damage in the NLRP3-associated caspase 1-mediated IL-1β secretory phenotype. A protein array analysis identified IGF1 to be downstream of IL-1β signaling. IL-1β-induced detrusor proliferation and hypertrophy could be reversed with the use of Anakinra as well as an IGF1 neutralizing antibody. IL-1β antagonists in current clinical practice can exploit the revealed mechanism for DNA damage-mediated muscular expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Haldar
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Christopher Dru
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, and
| | - Rajeev Mishra
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048,
| | - Ana Fernandez
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, and
| | - Shea Biondi
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, and
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, and
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25
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Arzi B, Kol A, Murphy B, Walker NJ, Wood JA, Clark K, Verstraete FJM, Borjesson DL. Feline foamy virus adversely affects feline mesenchymal stem cell culture and expansion: implications for animal model development. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:814-23. [PMID: 25404388 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic option for various immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders due to their potent immunomodulatory and trophic properties. Naturally occurring diseases in large animal species may serve as surrogate animal models of human disease, as they may better reflect the complex genetic, environmental, and physiologic variation present in outbred populations. We work with naturally occurring diseases in large animal species to better understand how MSCs work and to facilitate optimal translation of MSC-based therapies. We are investigating the use of MSC therapy for a chronic oral inflammatory disease in cats. During our efforts to expand fat-derived feline MSCs (fMSCs), we observed that∼50% of the cell lines developed giant foamy multinucleated cells in later passages. These morphologic alterations were associated with proliferation arrest. We hypothesized that the cytopathic effects were caused by infection with a retrovirus, feline foamy virus (FFV). Using transmission electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and in vitro assays, we determined that syncytial cell formation and proliferation arrest in fMSCs were caused by FFV strains that were highly homologous to previously reported FFV strains. We determined that the antiretroviral drug, tenofovir, may be used to support ex vivo expansion and salvage of FFV-infected fMSC lines. MSC lines derived from specific pathogen-free cats do not appear to be infected with FFV and may be a source of allogeneic fMSCs for clinical application. FFV infection of fMSC lines may hinder large-scale expansion of autologous MSC for therapeutic use in feline patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Arzi
- 1 Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
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26
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Haldar S, Dru C, Bhowmick NA. Mechanisms of hemorrhagic cystitis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2014; 2:199-208. [PMID: 25374922 PMCID: PMC4219308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of cases of infectious cystitis are easily treated, and most patients have no long-term complications. However, hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially deadly complication associated with pelvic radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and stem-cell transplant therapy. The focus of current understanding, and hence therapy, is directed toward urothelial cell death. However, the primary functional ramification of inflammatory bladder disease is the loss of compliance due to muscular expansion. Recent studies on smooth muscle response in models of bladder inflammation demonstrate a process of pyroptotic cell death that potentiates further muscle hyperplasia. These findings may support alternative interventions for subjects with hemorrhagic cystitis refractive to current therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Haldar
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher Dru
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans AdministrationLos Angeles, CA
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