1
|
Mattei DN, Harman RM, Van de Walle GR, Smith R, Grivel JC, Abdelalim EM, Vinardell T. Effect of pregnancy on isolation efficiency and in vitro proliferation of equine peripheral-blood derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Theriogenology 2024; 224:107-118. [PMID: 38761667 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have regenerative and immunomodulatory potential and may be used to treat injured tissues. Pregnancy has been associated with increased MSCs in the peripheral circulation in multiple species, but to date, there are no reports on this matter in horses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on isolation efficiency and proliferation capacity of equine MSCs derived from the peripheral blood (PB) of mares. Venous blood samples were collected at the 11th month of gestation and 1 month after delivery from clinically healthy Arabian mares that presented normal pregnancies. Blood samples were processed for in vitro cellular culture and hormonal and metabolic profiles. MSCs were isolated and characterized by trilineage differentiation potential, immunophenotyping, analyzed by gene sequencing and proliferation assays. The isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pregnant mares were associated with higher isolation efficiency and proliferative capacity of MSCs derived from peripheral blood (PB-MSCs) recovered pre-partum than those isolated post-partum. Although fetal gender, parity, 5α-reduced pregnanes, insulin, and cortisol were shown to affect cellular proliferation, individual factors and the small population studied must be considered. This study suggests that PB-MSCs from pregnant mares could be a valuable alternative source of MSCs for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora N Mattei
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Member of Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Roger Smith
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Charles Grivel
- Deep Phenotyping Core, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Al Garrafa St, Ar-Rayyan, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Member of Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory of Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Modeling, Translational Medicine Division, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Member of Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tatiana Vinardell
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Member of Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heyman E, Meeremans M, Van Poucke M, Peelman L, Devriendt B, De Schauwer C. Validation of multiparametric panels for bovine mesenchymal stromal cell phenotyping. Cytometry A 2023; 103:744-755. [PMID: 37173856 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display important features that render them valuable for cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies, such as self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, as well as immunomodulatory properties. These cells are also promising candidates to produce cultured meat. For all these applications, it is imperative to unequivocally identify this cell population. The isolation and in vitro tri-lineage differentiation of bovine MSCs is already described, but data on their immunophenotypic characterization is not yet complete. The currently limited availability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for bovine MSC markers strongly hampers this research. Following the minimal criteria defined for human MSCs, bovine MSCs should express CD73, CD90, and CD105 and lack expression of CD14 or CD11b, CD34, CD45, CD79α, or CD19, and MHC-II. Additional surface proteins which have been reported to be expressed include CD29, CD44, and CD106. In this study, we aimed to immunophenotype bovine adipose tissue (AT)-derived MSCs using multi-color flow cytometry. To this end, 13 commercial Abs were screened for recognizing bovine epitopes using the appropriate positive controls. Using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, cross-reactivity was confirmed for CD34, CD73, CD79α, and CD90. Unfortunately, none of the evaluated CD105 and CD106 Abs cross-reacted with bovine cells. Subsequently, AT-derived bovine MSCs were characterized using multi-color flow cytometry based on their expression of nine markers. Bovine MSCs clearly expressed CD29 and CD44, and lacked expression of CD14, CD45, CD73, CD79α, and MHCII, while a variable expression was observed for CD34 and CD90. In addition, the mRNA transcription level of different markers was analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Using these panels, bovine MSCs can be properly immunophenotyped which allows a better characterization of this heterogenous cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Heyman
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Meeremans
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Van Poucke
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L Peelman
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stage HJ, Trappe S, Söllig K, Trachsel DS, Kirsch K, Zieger C, Merle R, Aschenbach JR, Gehlen H. Multilineage Differentiation Potential of Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells from Different Sources. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081352. [PMID: 37106915 PMCID: PMC10135324 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of multipotent stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro represents an important basis for translational studies in large animal models. The study's aim was to examine and compare clinically relevant in vitro properties of equine MSCs, which were isolated from abdominal (abd), retrobulbar (rb) and subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue by collagenase digestion (ASCs-SVF) and an explant technique (ASCs-EXP). Firstly, we examined proliferation and trilineage differentiation and, secondly, the cardiomyogenic differentiation potential using activin A, bone morphogenetic protein-4 and Dickkopf-1. Fibroblast-like, plastic-adherent ASCs-SVF and ASCs-EXP were obtained from all sources. The proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation potential did not differ significantly between the isolation methods and localizations. However, abd-ASCs-EXP showed the highest adipogenic differentiation potential compared to rb- and sc-ASCs-EXP on day 7 and abd-ASCs-SVF a higher adipogenic potential compared to abd-ASCs-EXP on day 14. Osteogenic differentiation potential was comparable at day 14, but by day 21, abd-ASCs-EXP demonstrated a higher osteogenic potential compared to abd-ASCs-SVF and rb-ASCs-EXP. Cardiomyogenic differentiation could not be achieved. This study provides insight into the proliferation and multilineage differentiation potential of equine ASCs and is expected to provide a basis for future preclinical and clinical studies in horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Stage
- Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Trappe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Söllig
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar S Trachsel
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kirsch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Zieger
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gehlen
- Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cequier A, Vázquez FJ, Romero A, Vitoria A, Bernad E, García-Martínez M, Gascón I, Barrachina L, Rodellar C. The immunomodulation-immunogenicity balance of equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) is differentially affected by the immune cell response depending on inflammatory licensing and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) compatibility. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:957153. [PMID: 36337202 PMCID: PMC9632425 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.957153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important for their therapeutic potential and for their facilitating role in their escape from immune recognition, which may also be influenced by donor-recipient major histocompatibility complex (MHC) matching/mismatching and MHC expression level. Factors such as inflammation can modify the balance between regulatory and immunogenic profiles of equine MSCs, but little is known about how the exposure to the immune system can affect these properties in equine MSCs. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression and secretion of molecules related to the immunomodulation and immunogenicity of equine MSCs, either non-manipulated (MSC-naive) or stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines (MSC-primed), before and after their exposure to autologous or allogeneic MHC-matched/-mismatched lymphocytes, either activated or resting. Cytokine priming induced the immunomodulatory profile of MSCs at the baseline (MSCs cultured alone), and the exposure to activated lymphocytes further increased the expression of interleukin 6 (IL6), cyclooxygenase 2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and IL6 secretion. Activated lymphocytes were also able to upregulate the regulatory profile of MSC-naive to levels comparable to cytokine priming. On the contrary, resting lymphocytes did not upregulate the immunomodulatory profile of equine MSCs, but interestingly, MSC-primed exposed to MHC-mismatched lymphocytes showed the highest expression and secretion of these mediators, which may be potentially linked to the activation of lymphocytes upon recognition of foreign MHC molecules. Cytokine priming alone did not upregulate the immunogenic genes, but MSC-primed exposed to activated or resting lymphocytes increased their MHC-I and MHC-II expression, regardless of the MHC-compatibility. The upregulation of immunogenic markers including CD40 in the MHC-mismatched co-culture might have activated lymphocytes, which, at the same time, could have promoted the immune regulatory profile aforementioned. In conclusion, activated lymphocytes are able to induce the equine MSC regulatory profile, and their effects seem to be additive to the priming action. Importantly, our results suggest that the lymphocyte response against MHC-mismatched MSC-primed would promote further activation of their immunomodulatory ability, which eventually might help them evade this reaction. Further studies are needed to clarify how these findings might have clinical implications in vivo, which will help developing safer and more effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cequier
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco José Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arantza Vitoria
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elvira Bernad
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mirta García-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Gascón
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Barrachina
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Clementina Rodellar
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heyman E, Meeremans M, Devriendt B, Olenic M, Chiers K, De Schauwer C. Validation of a color deconvolution method to quantify MSC tri-lineage differentiation across species. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:987045. [PMID: 36311666 PMCID: PMC9608146 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.987045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising candidate for both human and veterinary regenerative medicine applications because of their abundance and ability to differentiate into several lineages. Mesenchymal stem cells are however a heterogeneous cell population and as such, it is imperative that they are unequivocally characterized to acquire reproducible results in clinical trials. Although the tri-lineage differentiation potential of MSCs is reported in most veterinary studies, a qualitative evaluation of representative histological images does not always unambiguously confirm tri-lineage differentiation. Moreover, potential differences in differentiation capacity are not identified. Therefore, quantification of tri-lineage differentiation would greatly enhance proper characterization of MSCs. In this study, a method to quantify the tri-lineage differentiation potential of MSCs is described using digital image analysis, based on the color deconvolution plug-in (ImageJ). Mesenchymal stem cells from three species, i.e., bovine, equine, and porcine, were differentiated toward adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Subsequently, differentiated MSCs were stained with Oil Red O, Alcian Blue, and Alizarin Red S, respectively. Next, a differentiation ratio (DR) was obtained by dividing the area % of the differentiation signal by the area % of the nuclear signal. Although MSCs isolated from all donors in all species were capable of tri-lineage differentiation, differences were demonstrated between donors using this quantitative DR. Our straightforward, simple but robust method represents an elegant approach to determine the degree of MSC tri-lineage differentiation across species. As such, differences in differentiation potential within the heterogeneous MSC population and between different MSC sources can easily be identified, which will support further optimization of regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Heyman
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium,*Correspondence: Emma Heyman
| | - Marguerite Meeremans
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maria Olenic
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium,Tissue Engineering Lab, Muscles and Movement Group, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang P, Deng Z, Li A, Li R, Huang W, Cui J, Chen S, Li B, Zhang S. β-Catenin promotes long-term survival and angiogenesis of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells via the Oct4 signaling pathway. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1434-1449. [PMID: 36050404 PMCID: PMC9535028 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has been extensively studied to improve heart function following myocardial infarction; however, its therapeutic potency is limited by low rates of engraftment, survival, and differentiation. Here, we aimed to determine the roles of the β-catenin/Oct4 signaling axis in the regulation of long-term survival and angiogenesis of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs). These cells were obtained from rat abdominal aortic blood. We showed that β-catenin promotes the self-renewal, antiapoptotic effects, and long-term survival of PBMSCs by activating the Oct4 pathway through upregulation of the expression of the antiapoptotic factors Bcl2 and survivin and the proangiogenic cytokine bFGF and suppression of the levels of the proapoptotic factors Bax and cleaved caspase-3. β-Catenin overexpression increased Oct4 expression. β-Catenin knockdown suppressed Oct4 expression in PBMSCs. However, β-catenin levels were not affected by Oct4 overexpression or knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays proved that β-catenin directly regulates Oct4 transcription in PBMSCs. In vivo, PBMSCs overexpressing β-catenin showed high survival in infarcted hearts and resulted in better myocardial repair. Further functional analysis identified Oct4 as the direct upstream regulator of Ang1, bFGF, HGF, VEGF, Bcl2, and survivin, which cooperatively drive antiapoptosis and angiogenesis of engrafted PBMSCs. These findings revealed the regulation of β-catenin in PBMSCs by the Oct4-mediated antiapoptotic/proangiogenic signaling axis and provide a breakthrough point for improving the long-term survival and therapeutic effects of PBMSCs. Boosting expression of a specific gene has allowed researchers to generate stem cells with increased capacity for tissue repair after a heart attack. Several studies have shown that treatment with a population of circulating cells known as ‘peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells’ (PBMSCs) can regenerate cardiac tissue. These cells generally have a short lifespan when used therapeutically, but researchers led by Shaoheng Zhang at Jinan University in Guangzhou China have increased long-term survival and performance by boosting expression of the gene encoding β-catenin, a protein that promotes cell survival and proliferation. PBMSCs expressing increased levels of β-catenin preserved heart function in a rat model of heart attack, stimulating blood vessel growth and improving animal survival. This study also reveals proteins regulated by β-catenin, which could potentially be exploited for finer control of PBMSC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Zhanyu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Rongsen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Songsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Harman RM, Churchill KA, Parmar S, Van de Walle GR. Mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from chicken peripheral blood secrete bioactive factors with antimicrobial and regenerative properties. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:949836. [PMID: 36090169 PMCID: PMC9449329 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.949836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent progenitor cells that have been isolated from various tissue sources of many species, primarily mammals. Generally, these cells proliferate extensively in culture and have been shown to secrete bioactive factors that contribute to healing processes by regulating inflammation, modulating immune responses, inhibiting bacterial growth, and promoting tissue regeneration. The present study reports on the isolation and characterization of MSCs from the peripheral blood (PB) of chickens. Chicken PBMSCs were characterized based on their trilineage differentiation potential and gene and protein expression of MSC-specific cell surface markers. To determine functionality, conditioned medium (CM), which contains all bioactive factors secreted by MSCs, was collected from chicken PBMSCs, and used in in vitro antimicrobial, migration, and angiogenesis assays. Chicken PBMSC CM was found to (i) inhibit the growth of planktonic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and even more significantly the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), (ii) decrease adhesion and promote migration of fibroblasts, and (iii) support endothelial cell tube formation. Collectively, these data indicate that chicken PBMSCs secrete bioactive factors with antimicrobial and regenerative properties, and as such, provide a novel source of cell-based therapies for the poultry industry.
Collapse
|
8
|
Taylor SD, Serpa PBS, Santos AP, Hart KA, Vaughn SA, Moore GE, Mukhopadhyay A, Page AE. Effects of intravenous administration of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells after infusion of lipopolysaccharide in horses. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1491-1501. [PMID: 35698909 PMCID: PMC9308407 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systemic and dysregulated immune response to infection contributes to morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis. Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PB-MSC) mitigate inflammation in animal models of sepsis. Allogeneic PB-MSC administered IV to horses is well-tolerated but therapeutic benefits are unknown. HYPOTHESIS After IV lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion, horses treated with PB-MSC would have less severe clinical signs, clinicopathological abnormalities, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress compared to controls administered a placebo. ANIMALS Sixteen horses were included in this study. METHODS A randomized placebo-controlled experimental trial was performed. Sixteen healthy horses were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (1 × 109 PB-MSC or saline placebo). Treatments were administered 30 minutes after completion of LPS infusion of approximately 30 ng/kg. Clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress markers were assessed at various time points over a 24-hour period. RESULTS A predictable response to IV LPS infusion was observed in all horses. At the dose administered, there was no significant effect of PB-MSC on clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, or inflammatory cytokine gene expression at any time point. Antioxidant potential was not different between treatment groups, but intracellular ROS increased over time in the placebo group. Other variables that changed over time were likely due to effects of IV LPS infusion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Administration of allogeneic PB-MSC did not cause clinically detectable adverse effects in healthy horses. The dose of PB-MSC used here is unlikely to exert a beneficial effect in endotoxemic horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Priscila B S Serpa
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea P Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah A Vaughn
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - George E Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Allen E Page
- Gluck Equine Research Center, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harman RM, Theoret CL, Van de Walle GR. The Horse as a Model for the Study of Cutaneous Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:381-399. [PMID: 34042536 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Cutaneous wounds are a major problem in both human and equine medicine. The economic cost of treating skin wounds and related complications in humans and horses is high, and in both species, particular types of chronic wounds do not respond well to current therapies, leading to suffering and morbidity. Recent Advances: Conventional methods for the treatment of cutaneous wounds are generic and have not changed significantly in decades. However, as more is learned about the mechanisms involved in normal skin wound healing, and how failure of these processes leads to chronic nonhealing wounds, novel therapies targeting the specific pathologies of hard-to-heal wounds are being developed and evaluated. Critical Issues: Physiologically relevant animal models are needed to (1) study the mechanisms involved in normal and impaired skin wound healing and (2) test newly developed therapies. Future Directions: Similarities in normal wound healing in humans and horses, and the natural development of distinct types of hard-to-heal chronic wounds in both species, make the horse a physiologically relevant model for the study of mechanisms involved in wound repair. Horses are also well-suited models to test novel therapies. In addition, studies in horses have the potential to benefit veterinary, as well as human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Somal A, Bhat IA, Pandey S, Ansari MM, Indu B, Panda BSK, Bharti MK, Chandra V, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. Comparative analysis of the immunomodulatory potential of caprine fetal adnexa derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3913-3923. [PMID: 34050503 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The caprine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from fetal adnexa are highly proliferative. These cells possess tri-lineage differentiation potential and express MSC surface antigens and pluripotency markers with a wound-healing potential. This present study was conducted to compare the immunomodulatory potential of caprine MSCs derived from the fetal adnexa. Mid-gestation caprine uteri (2-3 months) were collected from the abattoir to isolate MSCs from amniotic fluid (cAF), amniotic sac (cAS), Wharton's jelly (cWJ) and cord blood (cCB), which were expanded and characterized at the 3rd passage. These MSCs were then stimulated with inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) to assess the percentage of inhibition produced on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferation. The percentage of inhibition on activated PBMCs proliferation produced by cWJ MSCs and cAS MSCs was significantly higher than cCB and cAF MSCs. The relative mRNA expression profile and immunofluorescent localization of different immunomodulatory cytokines and growth factors were conducted upon stimulation. The mRNA expression profile of a set of different cytokines and growth factors in each caprine fetal adnexa MSCs were modulated. Indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase appeared to be the major immunomodulator in cWJ, cAF, and cCB MSCs whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase in cAS MSCs. This study suggests that caprine MSCs derived from fetal adnexa display variable immunomodulatory potential, which appears to be modulated by different molecules among sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Somal
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Irfan A Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Mohd Matin Ansari
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | | | - Bibhudatta S K Panda
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Bharti
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shahsavari A, Weeratunga P, Ovchinnikov DA, Whitworth DJ. Pluripotency and immunomodulatory signatures of canine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells are similar to harvested mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3486. [PMID: 33568729 PMCID: PMC7875972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With a view towards harnessing the therapeutic potential of canine mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs) as modulators of inflammation and the immune response, and to avoid the issues of the variable quality and quantity of harvested cMSCs, we examined the immunomodulatory properties of cMSCs derived from canine induced pluripotent stem cells (ciMSCs), and compared them to cMSCs harvested from adipose tissue (cAT-MSC) and bone marrow (cBM-MSC). A combination of deep sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR of the ciMSC transcriptome confirmed that ciMSCs express more genes in common with cBM-MSCs and cAT-MSCs than with the ciPSCs from which they were derived. Both ciMSCs and harvested cMSCs express a range of pluripotency factors in common with the ciPSCs including NANOG, POU5F1 (OCT-4), SOX-2, KLF-4, LIN-28A, MYC, LIF, LIFR, and TERT. However, ESRRB and PRDM-14, both factors associated with naïve, rather than primed, pluripotency were expressed only in the ciPSCs. CXCR-4, which is essential for the homing of MSCs to sites of inflammation, is also detectable in ciMSCs, cAT- and cBM-MSCs, but not ciPSCs. ciMSCs constitutively express the immunomodulatory factors iNOS, GAL-9, TGF-β1, PTGER-2α and VEGF, and the pro-inflammatory mediators COX-2, IL-1β and IL-8. When stimulated with the canine pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (cTNF-α), interferon-γ (cIFN-γ), or a combination of both, ciMSCs upregulated their expression of IDO, iNOS, GAL-9, HGF, TGF-β1, PTGER-2α, VEGF, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-8. When co-cultured with mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, ciMSCs downregulated their expression of iNOS, HGF, TGF-β1 and PTGER-2α, while increasing their expression of COX-2, IDO and IL-1β. Taken together, these findings suggest that ciMSCs possess similar immunomodulatory capabilities as harvested cMSCs and support further investigation into their potential use for the management of canine immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Shahsavari
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343 Australia
| | - Prasanna Weeratunga
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343 Australia
| | - Dmitry A. Ovchinnikov
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Deanne J. Whitworth
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343 Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gugjoo MB, Fazili MUR, Gayas MA, Ahmad RA, Dhama K. Animal mesenchymal stem cell research in cartilage regenerative medicine - a review. Vet Q 2020; 39:95-120. [PMID: 31291836 PMCID: PMC8923021 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1643051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of articular cartilage is a major clinical challenge as it also lacks a direct vasculature and nerves, and carries a limited number of resident chondrocytes that do not proliferate easily. Damaged articular cartilages are usually replaced by fibrocartilages, which are mechanically and structurally weaker and less resilient. Regenerative medicine involving stem cells is considered to have a definitive potential to overcome the limitations associated with the currently available surgical methods of cartilage repair. Among various stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred for clinical applications. These cells can be readily derived from various sources and have the ability to trans-differentiate into various tissue-specific cells, including those of the cartilage by the process of chondrogenesis. Compared to embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), no ethical or teratogenic issues are associated with MSCs. These stem cells are being extensively evaluated for the treatment of joint affections and the results appear promising. Unlike human medicine, in veterinary medicine, the literature on stem cell research for cartilage regeneration is limited. This review, therefore, aims to comprehensively discuss the available literature and pinpoint the achievements and limitations associated with the use of MSCs for articular cartilage repair in animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raja Aijaz Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, FVSc and AH, SKUAST , Srinagar , India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Merlo B, Teti G, Lanci A, Burk J, Mazzotti E, Falconi M, Iacono E. Comparison between adult and foetal adnexa derived equine post-natal mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:277. [PMID: 31375144 PMCID: PMC6679462 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the differences among adult and foetal equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and no data exist about their comparative ultrastructural morphology. The aim of this study was to describe and compare characteristics, immune properties, and ultrastructural morphology of equine adult (bone marrow: BM, and adipose tissue: AT) and foetal adnexa derived (umbilical cord blood: UCB, and Wharton’s jelly: WJ) MSCs. Results No differences were observed in proliferation during the first 3 passages. While migration ability was similar among cells, foetal MSCs showed a higher adhesion ability, forming smaller spheroids after hanging drop culture (P < 0.05). All MSCs differentiated toward adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages, only tenogenic differentiation was less evident for WJ-MSCs. Data obtained by PCR confirmed MHC1 expression and lack of MHC2 expression in all four cell types. Foetal adnexa MSCs were positive for genes specific for anti-inflammatory and angiogenic factors (IL6, IL8, ILβ1) and WJ-MSCs were the only positive for OCT4 pluripotency gene. At immunofluorescence all cells expressed typical mesenchymal markers (α-SMA, N-cadherin), except for BM-MSCs, which did not express N-cadherin. By transmission electron microscopy, it was observed that WJ-MSCs had a higher (P < 0.05) number of microvesicles compared to adult MSCs, and UCB-MSCs showed more microvesicles than BM-MSCs (P < 0.05). AT-MSCs had a lower number of mitochondria than WJ-MSCs (P < 0.05), and mitochondrial area was higher for WJ-MSCs compared to UCB and AT-MSCs (P < 0.05). Conclusions Results demonstrate that MSCs from adult and foetal tissues have different characteristics, and foetal MSCs, particularly WJ derived ones, seem to have some charactestics that warrant further investigation into potential advantages for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Merlo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Teti
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - J Burk
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Equine Clinic (Surgery), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - E Mazzotti
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - M Falconi
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy. .,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hillmann A, Paebst F, Brehm W, Piehler D, Schubert S, Tárnok A, Burk J. A novel direct co-culture assay analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry reveals context- and cell type-specific immunomodulatory effects of equine mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218949. [PMID: 31247035 PMCID: PMC6597077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory potential of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) provides a basis for current and future regenerative therapies. In this study, we established an approach that allows to address the effects of pro-inflammatory stimulation and co-culture with MSC on different specific leukocyte subpopulations. Equine peripheral blood leukocyte recovery was optimized to preserve all leukocyte subpopulations and leukocyte activation regimes were evaluated. Allogeneic labeled equine adipose-derived MSC were then subjected to direct co-culture with either non-stimulated, concanavalin A (ConA)-activated or phosphate 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin (PMA/I)-activated leukocytes. Subsequently, production of the cytokines interferon-γ (IFN- γ), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and presence of FoxP3 were determined in specific cell populations using multicolor flow cytometry. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured in the supernatants. ConA-stimulation induced mild activation of leukocytes, whereas PMA/I-stimulation led to strong activation. In T cells, PMA/I promoted production of all cytokines, with no distinct suppressive effects of MSC. However, increased numbers of CD25/FoxP3-positive cells indicated that MSC supported regulatory T cell differentiation in PMA/I-activated leukocyte cultures. MSC also reduced numbers of cytokine-producing B cells and granulocytes, mostly irrespective of preceding leukocyte activation, and reversed the stimulatory effect of ConA on IFN-γ production in monocytes. Illustrating the possible suppressive mechanisms, higher numbers of MSC produced IL-10 when co-cultured with non-stimulated or ConA-activated leukocytes. This was not observed in co-culture with PMA/I-activated leukocytes. However, PGE2 concentration in the supernatant was highest in the co-culture with PMA/I-activated leukocytes, suggesting that PGE2 could still mediate modulatory effects in strongly inflammatory environment. These context- and cell type-specific modulatory effects observed give insight into the interactions between MSC and different types of immune cells and highlight the roles of IL-10 and PGE2 in MSC-mediated immunomodulation. The approach presented could provide a basis for further functional MSC characterization and the development of potency assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Hillmann
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic & Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Felicitas Paebst
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic & Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Horse Power Veterinary Center, Naharya, Israel
| | - Walter Brehm
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic & Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Susanna Schubert
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janina Burk
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Equine Clinic (Surgery), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Generation and miRNA Characterization of Equine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Fetal and Adult Multipotent Tissues. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1393791. [PMID: 31191664 PMCID: PMC6525926 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1393791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pluripotent stem cells are believed to have greater clinical potential than mesenchymal stem cells due to their ability to differentiate into almost any cell type of an organism, and since 2006, the generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has become possible in multiple species. Objectives We hypothesize that different cell types respond differently to the reprogramming process; thus, the goals of this study were to isolate and characterize equine adult and fetal cells and induce these cells to pluripotency for future regenerative and translational purposes. Methods Adult equine fibroblasts (eFibros) and mesenchymal cells derived from the bone marrow (eBMmsc), adipose tissue (eADmsc), and umbilical cord tissue (eUCmsc) were isolated, their multipotency was characterized, and the cells were induced in vitro into pluripotency (eiPSCs). eiPSCs were generated through a lentiviral system using the factors OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4. The morphology and in vitro pluripotency maintenance potential (alkaline phosphatase detection, embryoid body formation, in vitro spontaneous differentiation, and expression of pluripotency markers) of the eiPSCs were characterized. Additionally, a miRNA profile analysis of the mesenchymal and eiPSCs was performed. Results Multipotent cells were successfully isolated, but the eBMmsc failed to generate eiPSCs. The eADmsc-, eUCmsc-, and eFibros-derived iPSCs were positive for alkaline phosphatase, OCT4 and NANOG, were exclusively dependent on bFGF, and formed embryoid bodies. The miRNA profile revealed a segregated pattern between the eiPSCs and multipotent controls: the levels of miR-302/367 and the miR-92 family were increased in the eiPSCs, while the levels of miR-23, miR-27, and miR-30, as well as the let-7 family were increased in the nonpluripotent cells. Conclusions We were able to generate bFGF-dependent iPSCs from eADmsc, eUCmsc, and eFibros with human OSKM, and the miRNA profile revealed that clonal lines may respond differently to the reprogramming process.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lepage SIM, Lee OJ, Koch TG. Equine Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Have Greater Differentiation and Similar Immunosuppressive Potential to Cord Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:227-237. [PMID: 30484372 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most common cell population studied for therapeutic use in veterinary medicine. MSCs obtained from neonatal sources such as umbilical cord tissue (CT-MSCs) or cord blood (CB-MSCs) are appealing due to the non-invasive nature of procurement and the time allowed for characterization of cells before use. However, it remains unclear as to whether CB- or CT-MSCs have equivalent progenitor and non-progenitor functions. CB-MSCs have been shown to have superior chondrogenic potential to MSCs from other sources, whereas their immunomodulatory capacity does not seem to vary significantly. Using equine CB-MSCs and CT-MSCs from the same donors, we hypothesized that MSCs from both sources would have a similar immunophenotype, that CB-MSCs would be more amenable to differentiation, and that they can equally suppress lymphocyte proliferation. We evaluated cells from both sources for "classic" equine MSC markers CD90, CD105, CD29, and CD44, as well as pericyte markers CD146, NG2, and α-SMA. Contrary to our hypothesis, CB-MSCs showed mid- to high expression of pericyte surface markers CD146 and NG2, whereas expression in CT-MSCs was absent. On trilineage differentiation, CB-MSCs were more osteogenic and chondrogenic based on alkaline phosphatase activity and glycosaminoglycan content, respectively. Finally, using a mononuclear cell (MNC) suppression assay, we determined that both CB-MSCs and CT-MSCs are capable of suppressing stimulated MNC proliferation to a similar degree. We have determined that the choice of MSC tissue source should be made with the intended application in mind. This appears to be particularly relevant if pursuing a progenitor-based treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I M Lepage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Olivia J Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cortés-Araya Y, Amilon K, Rink BE, Black G, Lisowski Z, Donadeu FX, Esteves CL. Comparison of Antibacterial and Immunological Properties of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells from Equine Bone Marrow, Endometrium, and Adipose Tissue. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1518-1525. [PMID: 30044182 PMCID: PMC6209426 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are widely used for treatment of musculoskeletal injuries, and there is significant interest in expanding their application to nonorthopedic conditions. MSCs possess antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties that may be relevant for combating infection; however, comparative studies using MSCs from different origins have not been carried out in the horse, and this was the focus of this study. Our results showed that MSC-conditioned media attenuated the growth of Escherichia coli, and that this effect was, on average, more pronounced for endometrium (EM)-derived and adipose tissue (AT)-derived MSCs than for bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs. In addition, the antimicrobial lipocalin-2 was expressed at mean higher levels in EM-MSCs than in AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs, and the bacterial component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated its production by all three MSC types. We also showed that MSCs express interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, chemokine ligand-5, and Toll-like receptor 4, and that, in general, these cytokines were induced in all cell types by LPS. Low expression levels of the macrophage marker colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor were detected in BM-MSCs and EM-MSCs but not in AT-MSCs. Altogether, these findings suggest that equine MSCs from EM, AT, and BM have both direct and indirect antimicrobial properties that may vary between MSCs from different origins and could be exploited toward improvement of regenerative therapies for horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yennifer Cortés-Araya
- 1 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Amilon
- 1 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Georgina Black
- 1 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zofia Lisowski
- 1 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Francesc Xavier Donadeu
- 1 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom .,2 The Euan Macdonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina L Esteves
- 1 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tenascin-C secreted by equine mesenchymal stromal cells stimulate dermal fibroblast migration in vitro and contribute to wound healing in vivo. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1061-1076. [PMID: 30087008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cutaneous wound healing is common in humans, and treatments are often ineffective. Based on the significant emotional and economic burden of impaired wound healing, innovative therapies are needed. The potential of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-secreted factors to treat cutaneous wounds is an active area of research that is in need of refinement before effective clinical trials can be initiated. The aims of the present study were to (i) study which MSC-secreted factors stimulate dermal fibroblast (DF) migration in vitro and (ii) evaluate the potential of these factors to promote wound healing in vivo. METHODS To this end, MSCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy horses, a physiologically relevant large animal model appropriate for translational wound-healing studies. Conditioned medium (CM) from cultured equine MSCs was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify secreted proteins of interest. Double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) was used to silence the genes encoding selected proteins, and the effects of CM from these transfected MSCs on migration of cultured equine DF cells in vitro and full-thickness wounds in mice were evaluated. RESULTS We found that MSC-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tenascin-C significantly increased DF migration in vitro and improved wound healing in vivo by decreasing time to wound closure. DISCUSSION These results suggest that in a complex wound environment, MSC-secreted factors PAI-1 and tenascin-C contribute to the positive effect of therapeutically applied MSC CM on wound healing.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cassano JM, Fortier LA, Hicks RB, Harman RM, Van de Walle GR. Equine mesenchymal stromal cells from different tissue sources display comparable immune-related gene expression profiles in response to interferon gamma (IFN)-γ. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:25-30. [PMID: 30078595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have the therapeutic potential to decrease inflammation due to their immunomodulatory properties. They can be isolated from various tissue sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, and blood, but it is unknown how the tissue source of origin affects the responses of MSC to inflammatory stimuli. Here, we conceptually addressed this question by evaluating the immune-related gene expression profiles of equine MSC from different tissue sources in response to interferon gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation, with the goal to determine if there is a preferable MSC source for clinical application in an inflammatory environment. The salient findings from this initial study were that the baseline expression of all immune related genes analyzed, with the exception of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), was variable in MSC depending on tissue source. Following IFN-γ stimulation, however, gene expression profiles became more similar across all tissue sources, suggesting that MSC from different sources will likely respond similarly in an inflammatory environment when used clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Cassano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Rebecca B Hicks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Desancé M, Contentin R, Bertoni L, Gomez-Leduc T, Branly T, Jacquet S, Betsch JM, Batho A, Legendre F, Audigié F, Galéra P, Demoor M. Chondrogenic Differentiation of Defined Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Umbilical Cord Blood for Use in Cartilage Repair Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020537. [PMID: 29439436 PMCID: PMC5855759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage engineering is a new strategy for the treatment of cartilage damage due to osteoarthritis or trauma in humans. Racehorses are exposed to the same type of cartilage damage and the anatomical, cellular, and biochemical properties of their cartilage are comparable to those of human cartilage, making the horse an excellent model for the development of cartilage engineering. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiated into chondrocytes with chondrogenic factors in a biomaterial appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for direct implantation and cartilage repair. Here, we characterized equine umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (eUCB-MSCs) and evaluated their potential for chondrocyte differentiation for use in cartilage repair therapy. Our results show that isolated eUCB-MSCs had high proliferative capacity and differentiated easily into osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but not into adipocytes. A three-dimensional (3D) culture approach with the chondrogenic factors BMP-2 and TGF-β1 potentiated chondrogenic differentiation with a significant increase in cartilage-specific markers at the mRNA level (Col2a1, Acan, Snorc) and the protein level (type II and IIB collagen) without an increase in hypertrophic chondrocyte markers (Col10a1 and Mmp13) in normoxia and in hypoxia. However, these chondrogenic factors caused an increase in type I collagen, which can be reduced using small interfering RNA targeting Col1a2. This study provides robust data on MSCs characterization and demonstrates that eUCB-MSCs have a great potential for cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Desancé
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France.
| | | | - Lélia Bertoni
- Center of Imaging and Research on Locomotor Affections in Equines, Ecole Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 14430 Goustranville, France.
| | | | - Thomas Branly
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Sandrine Jacquet
- Center of Imaging and Research on Locomotor Affections in Equines, Ecole Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 14430 Goustranville, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Betsch
- Clinique Vétérinaire Equine de Méheudin, Méheudin, 61150 Ecouché, France.
| | - Agnès Batho
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France.
- EFS Caen, 14000 Caen, France.
| | | | - Fabrice Audigié
- Center of Imaging and Research on Locomotor Affections in Equines, Ecole Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 14430 Goustranville, France.
| | - Philippe Galéra
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Magali Demoor
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qu HM, Qu LP, Pan XZ, Mu LS. Upregulated miR-222 targets BCL2L11 and promotes apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells in preeclampsia patients in response to severe hypoxia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:110-119. [PMID: 31938092 PMCID: PMC6957949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal maternal trophoblast invasion is a common finding in preeclampsia pregnancy. A hypoxic environment develops in the placenta after the 10th week of pregnancy and exerts a major influence over trophoblast activity. In the present study, we investigated expression of miR-222 and apoptosis-related BCL2L11 in preeclampsia placenta and in primary placenta mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under hypoxia. The results demonstrate that miR-222 is upregulated in the placenta of preeclampsia patients, along with the downregulation of BCL2L11 in both mRNA and protein levels. In vitro results demonstrate that miR-222 is upregulated either in preeclampsia placenta tissues or in the MSCs under hypoxia. Western blotting showed downregulation of BCL2L11 in the trophoblasts under hypoxia, along with an increased MSC apoptosis. miR-222 was also confirmed to downregulate BCL2L11 expression via targeting the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the BCL2L11 gene. miR-222 inhibitor transfection markedly ameliorated expression and transcriptional activity of BCL2L11. Altogether, the present study found that upregulation of miR-222 promotes apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells in preeclampsia patients in response to hypoxia, via targeting BCL2L11. This suggests that a key regulatory role of miR-222 is in preeclampsia progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai, China
| | - Li-Ping Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai, China
| | - Xian-Zhen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai, China
| | - Lin-Song Mu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pericytes in Veterinary Species: Prospective Isolation, Characterization and Tissue Regeneration Potential. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1109:67-77. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02601-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
23
|
Esteves CL, Donadeu FX. Pericytes and their potential in regenerative medicine across species. Cytometry A 2017; 93:50-59. [PMID: 28941046 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that pericytes are in vivo counterparts of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) has placed these perivascular cells in the research spotlight, bringing up hope for a well-characterized cell source for clinical applications, alternative to poorly defined, heterogeneous MSCs preparations currently in use. Native pericytes express typical MSC markers and, after isolation by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, display an MSC phenotype in culture. These features have been demonstrated in different species, including humans and horses, the main targets of regenerative treatments. Significant clinical potential of pericytes has been shown by transplantation of human cells into rodent models of tissue injury, and it is hoped that future studies will demonstrate clinical potential in veterinary species. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on pericytes across different species including humans, companion and large animal models, in relation to their identification in different body tissues, methodology for prospective isolation, characterization, and potential for tissue regeneration. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Esteves
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - F X Donadeu
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
De Schauwer C. Mesenchymal stem cells in daily veterinary practice: Are we there yet? Vet J 2017; 225:1-2. [PMID: 28720291 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina De Schauwer
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maia L, de Moraes CN, Dias MC, Martinez JB, Caballol AO, Testoni G, de Queiroz CM, Peña RD, Landim-Alvarenga FC, de Oliveira E. A proteomic study of mesenchymal stem cells from equine umbilical cord. Theriogenology 2017; 100:8-15. [PMID: 28708537 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the proteome of equine umbilical cord intervascular matrix mesenchymal stem cells (UCIM-MSCs) in a global and functional manner. The aim of this work was to analyze the proteome of previously characterized UCIM-MSCs to determine protein abundance and classify the identified proteins according to Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Protein classification analysis according to biological process, molecular function and cellular component was performed using the PANTHER (Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships) Classification System, which revealed enrichment for 42 biological processes, 23 molecular functions and 18 cellular components. Protein abundance was estimated according to the emPAI method (Exponential Modified Protein Abundance Index). The two most abundant proteins in the proteome of UCIM-MSCs were the cytoskeletal proteins actin and vimentin, which have important roles in cell stability and motility. Additionally, we identified 14 cell surface antigens. Three of them, CD44, CD90 and CD105, had been previously validated by flow cytometry. In the present study, we also identified important information about the biological properties of UCIM-MSCs such as differentiation potential, low immunogenicity (low MHC-II expression) and chromosomal stability, which reinforces their use for cell therapy. Together with the proteomic findings, this information allowed us to infer the functional relevance of several activities related to primary metabolic processes, protein synthesis, production of vesicle coats, vesicle-mediated transport and antioxidant activity. In addition, the identification of different cell surface markers may help establish an immunophenotypic panel suitable for the characterization of MSCs from equine fetal membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Maia
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-681, Brazil; Proteomics Platform, Parc Cientific de Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Carolina Nogueira de Moraes
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Marianne Camargos Dias
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | | | | | - Giorgia Testoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Carla Martins de Queiroz
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Ramón Díaz Peña
- Proteomics Platform, Parc Cientific de Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Fernanda C Landim-Alvarenga
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ribitsch I, Chang-Rodriguez S, Egerbacher M, Gabner S, Gueltekin S, Huber J, Schuster T, Jenner F. Sheep Placenta Cotyledons: A Noninvasive Source of Ovine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:298-310. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Souyet Chang-Rodriguez
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Gabner
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sinan Gueltekin
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Huber
- Teaching and Research Farm Kremesberg, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Therese Schuster
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Campos LL, Landim-Alvarenga FC, Ikeda TL, Monteiro BA, Maia L, Freitas-Dell’Aqua CP, Vita BD. Isolation, culture, characterization and cryopreservation of stem cells derived from amniotic mesenchymal layer and umbilical cord tissue of bovine fetuses. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a high proliferation potential. These cells can be characterized by their in vivo ability to self-renew and to differentiate into specialized cell lines. The most used stem cell types, in both human and veterinary fields, are the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Nowadays, there is a great interest in using stem cells derived from fetal tissues, such as amniotic membrane (AM) and umbilical cord tissue (UCT), which can be obtained non-invasively at delivery time. Due to the scarcity of studies in bovine species, the aim of this study was to isolate, characterize, differentiate and cryopreserve MSC derived from the mesenchymal layer of amniotic membrane (AM), for the first time, and umbilical cord tissue (UCT) of dairy cow neonates after assisted delivery (AD) and from fetus at initial third of pregnancy (IT) obtained in slaughterhouse. Cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion of the tissue fragments with 0.1% collagenase solution. Six samples of AM and UCT at delivery time and six samples of AM and UCT at first trimester of pregnancy were subjected to morphology evaluation, imunophenotype characterization, in vitro osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and viability analysis after cryopreservation. All samples showed adherence to plastic and fibroblast-like morphology. Immunocytochemistry revealed expression of CD 44, NANOG and OCT-4 and lack of expression of MHC II in MSC from all samples. Flow cytometry demonstrated that cells from all samples expressed CD 44, did not or low expressed CD 34 (AM: IT-0.3%a, AD-3.4%b; UCT: 0.4%, 1.4%) and MHC II (AM: IT-1.05%a, AD-9.7%b; UCT: IT-0.7%a, AD-5.7%b). They were also capable of trilineage mesenchymal differentiation and showed 80% viability after cryopreservation. According to the results, bovine AM and UCT-derived cells, either obtained at delivery time or from slaughterhouse, are a painless and non-invasive source of MSC and can be used for stem cell banking.
Collapse
|
28
|
Evaluation of the immunogenicity of human iPS cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
29
|
Equine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Retain Lineage Commitment Toward Myogenic and Chondrogenic Fates. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:55-63. [PMID: 26771353 PMCID: PMC4719186 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great potential not only for human but also for veterinary purposes. The equine industry must often deal with health issues concerning muscle and cartilage, where comprehensive regenerative strategies are still missing. In this regard, a still open question is whether equine iPSCs differentiate toward muscle and cartilage, and whether donor cell type influences their differentiation potential. We addressed these questions through an isogenic system of equine iPSCs obtained from myogenic mesoangioblasts (MAB-iPSCs) and chondrogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-iPSCs). Despite similar levels of pluripotency characteristics, the myogenic differentiation appeared enhanced in MAB-iPSCs. Conversely, the chondrogenic differentiation was augmented in MSC-iPSCs through both teratoma and in vitro differentiation assays. Thus, our data suggest that equine iPSCs can differentiate toward the myogenic and chondrogenic lineages, and can present a skewed differentiation potential in favor of the source cell lineage. Equine mesoangioblasts (MABs) are prospectively isolated from syngeneic horses Equine iPSCs are obtained from isogenic MABs and MSCs with similar characteristics Equine MAB-iPSCs are more prone to the muscle lineage in vivo and in vitro Equine MSC-iPSCs display higher propensity for the chondrogenic lineage
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang SJ, Yin MH, Jiang D, Zhang ZZ, Qi YS, Wang HJ, Yu JK. The Chondrogenic Potential of Progenitor Cells Derived from Peripheral Blood: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1195-207. [PMID: 27353075 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng-Hong Yin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Song Qi
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Somal A, Bhat IA, B. I, Pandey S, Panda BSK, Thakur N, Sarkar M, Chandra V, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. A Comparative Study of Growth Kinetics, In Vitro Differentiation Potential and Molecular Characterization of Fetal Adnexa Derived Caprine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156821. [PMID: 27257959 PMCID: PMC4892572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted with an objective of isolation, in vitro expansion, growth kinetics, molecular characterization and in vitro differentiation of fetal adnexa derived caprine mesenchymal stem cells. Mid-gestation gravid caprine uteri (2–3 months) were collected from abattoir to derive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from fetal adnexa {amniotic fluid (cAF), amniotic sac (cAS), Wharton’s jelly (cWJ) and cord blood (cCB)} and expanded in vitro. These cultured MSCs were used at the 3rd passage (P3) to study growth kinetics, localization as well as molecular expression of specific surface antigens, pluripotency markers and mesenchymal tri-lineage differentiation. In comparison to cAF and cAS MSCs, cWJ and cCB MSCs showed significantly (P<0.05) higher clonogenic potency, faster growth rate and low population doubling (PDT) time. All the four types of MSCs were positive for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and differentiated into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic lineages. These stem cells expressed MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90 and CD105) and pluripotency markers (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF, cMyc, FoxD3) but did not express CD34, a hematopoietic stem cell marker (HSC) as confirmed by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometric analysis. The relative mRNA expression of MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90 and CD105) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ MSCs compared to the other cell lines. The mRNA expression of Oct4 was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ, whereas mRNA expression of KLF and cMyc was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ and cAF than that of cAS and cCB. The comparative assessment revealed that cWJ MSCs outperformed MSCs from other sources of fetal adnexa in terms of growth kinetics, relative mRNA expression of surface antigens, pluripotency markers and tri-lineage differentiation potential, hence, these MSCs could be used as a preferred source for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Somal
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Irfan A. Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Indu B.
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Bibhudatta S. K. Panda
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Nipuna Thakur
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - G. Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pennington MR, Curtis TM, Divers TJ, Wagner B, Ness SL, Tennant BC, Van de Walle GR. Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Efficiently Differentiate into Hepatocyte-Like Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:596-607. [PMID: 27113698 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult equine hepatocytes have proven challenging to culture long term in vitro as they rapidly lose their morphology and functionality, thus limiting studies on liver function and response to disease. In this study, we describe for the first time the differentiation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from a variety of sources into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). First, we differentiated equine umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived MSC into HLC and found that these cells exhibited a distinct polygonal morphology, stored glycogen as visualized by periodic acid Schiff's reagent staining, and were positive for albumin and other hepatocyte-specific genes. Second, we demonstrated that UCB-HLC could be revived following cryopreservation and retained their phenotype for at least 10 days. Third, we differentiated three sets of MSC from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), and peripheral blood (PB), matched within the same horse. We achieved a 100% differentiation success rate with BM, 0% with AT, and 66% with PB. An additional set of nine PB-MSC samples resulted in an overall success rate of 42% (n = 12), and age or gender did not seem to have an effect on the success of hepatic differentiation from that source. In a final set of experiments, we evaluated the use of these HLC as tools in different fields of biomedical research like virology, to study viral growth, and toxicology, to study chemicals with hepatic toxicity. Equine HLC were found susceptible for infection with the equine herpesviruses type 1 (EHV-1), -2, and -5, and exhibited a more sensitive dose-dependent response to arsenic toxicity than the commonly used human hepatocellular cell line HepG2. Taken together, these data indicate that equine MSC can be efficiently differentiated into HLC and these equine HLC could be a useful tool for in vitro studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pennington
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Theresa M Curtis
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York.,2 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland , Cortland, New York
| | - Thomas J Divers
- 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Bettina Wagner
- 4 Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - SallyAnne L Ness
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York.,3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Bud C Tennant
- 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saulnier N, Loriau J, Febre M, Robert C, Rakic R, Bonte T, Buff S, Maddens S. Canine placenta: A promising potential source of highly proliferative and immunomodulatory mesenchymal stromal cells? Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 171:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
34
|
Wang LL, Yu Y, Guan HB, Qiao C. Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1058-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116630417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tissues from equine cadaver ligaments up to 72 hours of post-mortem: a promising reservoir of stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:253. [PMID: 26684484 PMCID: PMC4683699 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) harvested from cadaveric tissues represent a promising approach for regenerative medicine. To date, no study has investigated whether viable MSCs could survive in cadaveric tissues from tendon or ligament up to 72 hours of post-mortem. The purpose of the present work was to find out if viable MSCs could survive in cadaveric tissues from adult equine ligaments up to 72 hours of post-mortem, and to assess their ability (i) to remain in an undifferentiated state and (ii) to divide and proliferate in the absence of any specific stimulus. Methods MSCs were isolated from equine cadaver (EC) suspensory ligaments within 48–72 hours of post-mortem. They were evaluated for viability, proliferation, capacity for tri-lineage differentiation, expression of cell surface markers (CD90, CD105, CD73, CD45), pluripotent transcription factor (OCT-4), stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1), neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (TUJ-1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). As well, they were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results EC-MSCs were successfully isolated and maintained for 20 passages with high cell viability and proliferation. Phase contrast microscopy revealed that cells with fibroblast-like appearance were predominant in the culture. Differentiation assays proved that EC-MSCs are able to differentiate towards mesodermal lineages (osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic). Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that EC-MSCs expressed CD90, CD105, and CD73, while being negative for the leukocyte common antigen CD45. Immunofluorescence analysis showed a high percentage of positive cells for OCT-4 and SSEA-1. Surprisingly, in absence of any stimuli, some adherent cells closely resembling neuronal and glial morphology were also observed. Interestingly, our results revealed that approximately 15 % of the cell populations were TUJ-1 positive, whereas GFAP expression was detected in only a few cells. Furthermore, TEM analysis confirmed the stemness of EC-MSCs and identified some cells with a typical neuronal morphology. Conclusions Our findings raise the prospect that the tissues harvested from equine ligaments up to 72 hours of post-mortem represent an available reservoir of specific stem cells. EC-MSCs could be a promising alternative source for tissue engineering and stem cell therapy in equine medicine.
Collapse
|
36
|
Phenotypic and immunomodulatory properties of equine cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122954. [PMID: 25902064 PMCID: PMC4406608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have attracted interest for their cytotherapeutic potential, partly due to their immunomodulatory abilities. The aim of this study was to test the robustness of our equine cord blood (CB) MSC isolation protocol, to characterize the CB-MSC before and after cryopreservation, and to evaluate their immunosuppressive phenotype. We hypothesized that MSC can be consistently isolated from equine CB, have unique and reproducible marker expression and in vitro suppress lymphoproliferation. Preliminary investigation of constitutive cytoplasmic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and 4 expression was also preformed due to their possible association with anti- or pro-inflammatory MSC phenotypes, respectively. Surface markers were assessed for antigen and mRNA expression by flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Immunomodulatory properties were evaluated in mixed lymphocyte reaction assays, and TLR3 and TLR4 expression were measured by qPCR and immunocytochemistry (ICC). CB-MSC were isolated from each off nine cord blood samples. CB-MSC highly expressed CD29, CD44, CD90, and lacked or had low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC-II, CD4, CD8, CD11a/18 and CD73 before and after cryopreservation. CB-MSC suppressed in vitro lymphoproliferation and constitutively expressed TLR4. Our findings confirmed CB as a reliable MSC source, provides an association of surface marker phenotype and mRNA expression and suggest anti-inflammatory properties of CB-MSC. The relationship between TLRs and lymphocyte function warrants further investigation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Bussche L, Harman RM, Syracuse BA, Plante EL, Lu YC, Curtis TM, Ma M, Van de Walle GR. Microencapsulated equine mesenchymal stromal cells promote cutaneous wound healing in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:66. [PMID: 25889766 PMCID: PMC4413990 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of impaired cutaneous wound healing is high and treatment is difficult and often ineffective, leading to negative social and economic impacts for our society. Innovative treatments to improve cutaneous wound healing by promoting complete tissue regeneration are therefore urgently needed. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been reported to provide paracrine signals that promote wound healing, but (i) how they exert their effects on target cells is unclear and (ii) a suitable delivery system to supply these MSC-derived secreted factors in a controlled and safe way is unavailable. The present study was designed to provide answers to these questions by using the horse as a translational model. Specifically, we aimed to (i) evaluate the in vitro effects of equine MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM), containing all factors secreted by MSCs, on equine dermal fibroblasts, a cell type critical for successful wound healing, and (ii) explore the potential of microencapsulated equine MSCs to deliver CM to wounded cells in vitro. METHODS MSCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy horses. Equine dermal fibroblasts from the NBL-6 (horse dermal fibroblast cell) line were wounded in vitro, and cell migration and expression levels of genes involved in wound healing were evaluated after treatment with MSC-CM or NBL-6-CM. These assays were repeated by using the CM collected from MSCs encapsulated in core-shell hydrogel microcapsules. RESULTS Our salient findings were that equine MSC-derived CM stimulated the migration of equine dermal fibroblasts and increased their expression level of genes that positively contribute to wound healing. In addition, we found that equine MSCs packaged in core-shell hydrogel microcapsules had similar effects on equine dermal fibroblast migration and gene expression, indicating that microencapsulation of MSCs does not interfere with the release of bioactive factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the use of CM from MSCs might be a promising new therapy for impaired cutaneous wounds and that encapsulation may be a suitable way to effectively deliver CM to wounded cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leen Bussche
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Bethany A Syracuse
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Eric L Plante
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland, 21 Graham Avenue, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA.
| | - Yen-Chun Lu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Wing Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Theresa M Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland, 21 Graham Avenue, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA.
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Wing Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Iacono E, Rossi B, Merlo B. Stem cells from foetal adnexa and fluid in domestic animals: an update on their features and clinical application. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:353-64. [PMID: 25703812 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cell research has emerged as an area of major interest for its potential in regenerative medicine applications. This is in constant need of new cell sources to conceive regenerative medicine approaches for diseases that are still without therapy. Scientists drew the attention towards alternative sources such as foetal adnexa and fluid, as these sources possess many advantages: first of all, cells can be extracted from discarded foetal material and it is non-invasive and inexpensive for the patient; secondly, abundant stem cells can be obtained; and finally, these stem cell sources are free from ethical considerations. Cells derived from foetal adnexa and fluid preserve some of the characteristics of the primitive embryonic layers from which they originate. Many studies have demonstrated the differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo towards mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell types; in addition, the immune-modulatory properties make these cells a good candidate for allo- and xenotransplantation. Naturally occurring diseases in domestic animals can be more ideal as disease model of human genetic and acquired diseases and could help to define the potential therapeutic use efficiency and safety of stem cells therapies. This review offers an update on the state of the art of characterization of domestic animals' MSCs derived from foetal adnexa and fluid and on the latest findings in pre-clinical or clinical setting of the stem cell populations isolated from these sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (Bo), Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
De Schauwer C. Stem cell therapy in the horse: from laboratory to clinic. Vet J 2015; 203:137. [PMID: 25599901 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina De Schauwer
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Saulnier N, Viguier E, Perrier-Groult E, Chenu C, Pillet E, Roger T, Maddens S, Boulocher C. Intra-articular administration of xenogeneic neonatal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells early after meniscal injury down-regulates metalloproteinase gene expression in synovium and prevents cartilage degradation in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:122-33. [PMID: 25219668 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects of neonatal Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) were investigated in a xenogeneic model of mild osteoarthritis (OA). The paracrine properties of MSC on synoviocytes were further investigated in vitro. STUDY DESIGN OA was induced by medial meniscal release (MMR) in 30 rabbit knees. A single early (day 3) or delayed (day 15) intra-articular (IA) injection of MSC isolated from equine Umbilical Cord Wharton's jelly (UC-MSC) was performed. Rabbits were euthanized on days 15 or 56. OA grading was performed and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases was measured in synovial tissue. Paracrine effects of UC-MSC were investigated using UC-conditioned vs control medium on rabbit primary synoviocytes stimulated with interleukin 1 beta in vitro. RESULTS No adverse local or systemic responses were observed clinically after xenogeneic UC-MSC injection. At study end point, cartilage fibrillation was lower in early treatment than in delayed treatment group. Cellular infiltrate was observed in the synovium of both UC-MSC groups. OA synovium exhibited a reduced expression of metalloproteinases-1, -3, -13 in the early cell-treated group at d56. In vitro, UC-conditioned medium exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects on synoviocytes exposed to pro-inflammatory stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Early IA injection of equine UC-MSC was effective in preventing OA signs in rabbit knees following MMR. UC-MSC target the synovium and modulate the gene expression pattern of synoviocytes to promote an anti-catabolic environment. This confirms the synovium is a major target and mediator of MSC therapy, modulating the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Viguier
- UPSP 2011.03.101, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - E Perrier-Groult
- CNRS UMR 5305, IBCP, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - C Chenu
- UPSP 2011.03.101, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - E Pillet
- UPSP 2011.03.101, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - T Roger
- UPSP 2011.03.101, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - C Boulocher
- UPSP 2011.03.101, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bussche L, Van de Walle GR. Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Angiogenesis via Paracrine Stimulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion in the Equine Model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1514-25. [PMID: 25313202 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have received much attention as a potential treatment of ischemic diseases, including ischemic tissue injury and cardiac failure. The beneficial effects of MSCs are thought to be mediated by their ability to provide proangiogenic factors, creating a favorable microenvironment that results in neovascularization and tissue regeneration. To study this in more detail and to explore the potential of the horse as a valuable translational model, the objectives of the present study were to examine the presence of angiogenic stimulating factors in the conditioned medium (CM) of peripheral blood-derived equine mesenchymal stromal cells (PB-MSCs) and to study their in vitro effect on angiogenesis-related endothelial cell (EC) behavior, including proliferation and vessel formation. Our salient findings were that CM from PB-MSCs contained significant levels of several proangiogenic factors. Furthermore, we found that CM could induce angiogenesis in equine vascular ECs and confirmed that endothelin-1, insulin growth factor binding protein 2, interleukin-8, and platelet-derived growth factor-AA, but not urokinase-type plasminogen activator, were responsible for this enhanced EC network formation by increasing the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, an important angiogenesis stimulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leen Bussche
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Whitworth DJ, Banks TA. Stem cell therapies for treating osteoarthritis: prescient or premature? Vet J 2014; 202:416-24. [PMID: 25457267 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There has been unprecedented interest in recent years in the use of stem cells as therapy for an array of diseases in companion animals. Stem cells have already been deployed therapeutically in a number of clinical settings, in particular the use of mesenchymal stem cells to treat osteoarthritis in horses and dogs. However, an assessment of the scientific literature highlights a marked disparity between the purported benefits of stem cell therapies and their proven abilities as defined by rigorously controlled scientific studies. Although preliminary data generated from clinical trials in human patients are encouraging, therapies currently available to treat animals are supported by very limited clinical evidence, and the commercialisation of these treatments may be premature. This review introduces the three main types of stem cells relevant to veterinary applications, namely, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, and draws together research findings from in vitro and in vivo studies to give an overview of current stem cell therapies for the treatment of osteoarthritis in animals. Recent advances in tissue engineering, which is proposed as the future direction of stem cell-based therapy for osteoarthritis, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deanne J Whitworth
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
| | - Tania A Banks
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lopez MJ, Jarazo J. State of the art: stem cells in equine regenerative medicine. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:145-54. [PMID: 24957845 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to Greek mythology, Prometheus' liver grew back nightly after it was removed each day by an eagle as punishment for giving mankind fire. Hence, contrary to popular belief, the concept of tissue and organ regeneration is not new. In the early 20th century, cell culture and ex vivo organ preservation studies by Alexis Carrel, some with famed aviator Charles Lindbergh, established a foundation for much of modern regenerative medicine. While early beliefs and discoveries foreshadowed significant accomplishments in regenerative medicine, advances in knowledge within numerous scientific disciplines, as well as nano- and micromolecular level imaging and detection technologies, have contributed to explosive advances over the last 20 years. Virtually limitless preparations, combinations and applications of the 3 major components of regenerative medicine, namely cells, biomaterials and bioactive molecules, have created a new paradigm of future therapeutic options for most species. It is increasingly clear, however, that despite significant parallels among and within species, there is no 'one-size-fits-all' regenerative therapy. Likewise, a panacea has yet to be discovered that completely reverses the consequences of time, trauma and disease. Nonetheless, there is no question that the promise and potential of regenerative medicine have forever altered medical practices. The horse is a relative newcomer to regenerative medicine applications, yet there is already a large body of work to incorporate novel regenerative therapies into standard care. This review focuses on the current state and potential future of stem cells in equine regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Paterson YZ, Rash N, Garvican ER, Paillot R, Guest DJ. Equine mesenchymal stromal cells and embryo-derived stem cells are immune privileged in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:90. [PMID: 25080326 PMCID: PMC4247727 DOI: 10.1186/scrt479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive concept in regenerative medicine, but their mechanism of action remains poorly defined. No immune response is reported after in vivo injection of allogeneic equine MSCs or embryo-derived stem cells (ESCs) into the equine tendon, which may be due to the cells’ immune-privileged properties. This study further investigates these properties to determine their potential for clinical application in other tissues. Methods Mitomycin C-treated MSCs, ESCs, or differentiated ESCs (dESCs) were cultured with allogeneic equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and their effect on PBMC proliferation, in the presence or absence of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was determined. MSCs and super-antigen (sAg)-stimulated PBMCs were co-cultured directly or indirectly in transwells, and PBMC proliferation examined. Media from MSC culture were harvested and used for PBMC culture; subsequent PBMC proliferation and gene expression were evaluated and media assayed for IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 proteins with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Co-culture of PBMCs with ESCs or dESCs did not affect baseline proliferation, whereas co-culture with MSCs significantly suppressed baseline proliferation. Stimulation of PBMC proliferation by using super-antigens (sAgs) was also suppressed by co-culture with MSCs. Inhibition was greatest with direct contact, but significant inhibition was produced in transwell culture and by using MSC-conditioned media, suggesting that soluble factors play a role in MSC-mediated immune suppression. The MSCs constitutively secrete IL-6, even in the absence of co-culture with PBMCs. MSC-conditioned media also brought about a change in the cytokine-expression profile of sAg-stimulated PBMCs, significantly reducing PBMC expression of IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Conclusions Equine MSCs and ESCs possess a degree of innate immune privilege, and MSCs secrete soluble factors that suppress PBMC proliferation and alter cytokine expression. These properties may make possible the future clinical use of allogeneic stem cells to help standardize and broaden the scope of treatment of tissue injuries.
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Watts
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station USA
| |
Collapse
|