1
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Stohl HE, Stohl W. Maternal and cord blood BAFF and APRIL levels during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13654. [PMID: 36398594 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Dysregulation of factors vital to the survival B cells and/or plasma cells, such as BAFF and APRIL, could be detrimental to a pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY Serially collected first-, second-, and third-trimester serum samples were measured for BAFF and APRIL by ELISA from 150 pregnant women (71 healthy + 79 with a chronic medical disease) at a single medical center. Postpartum serum samples were also collected from the majority of these women. Matched third-trimester and cord blood samples were collected from 168 women (86 healthy + 82 with a chronic medical disease). Data were analyzed by chi-square statistic, unpaired t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney rank sum test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Spearman rank order correlation, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses as appropriate. RESULTS Maternal serum BAFF levels declined as the pregnancies progressed and rebounded postpartum, whereas serum APRIL levels remained relatively flat throughout pregnancy and postpartum. Cord BAFF and APRIL levels correlated positively with gestation age and were considerably greater than the corresponding maternal third-trimester serum BAFF and APRIL levels, respectively. In women who developed preeclampsia, third-trimester BAFF levels were greater, rather than lower, than their corresponding second-trimester BAFF levels. ROC curve analysis suggested a potential role for third-trimester serum BAFF level as a biomarker of preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS BAFF and APRIL are differentially regulated in the mother during and following pregnancy, whereas each is upregulated in the developing fetus. An increase in third-trimester serum BAFF level may portend development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindi E Stohl
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William Stohl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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2
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Vaswani K, Dekker Nitert M, Chan HW, B. Almughlliq F, Peiris HN, Wood-Bradley RJ, Armitage JA, Rice GE, Mitchell MD. Mid-to-Late Gestational Changes in Inflammatory Gene Expression in the Rat Placenta. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:222-229. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117741375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vaswani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hsiu-Wen Chan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fatema B. Almughlliq
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hassendrini N. Peiris
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Wood-Bradley
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A. Armitage
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Murray D. Mitchell
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Stohl HE, Lee RH, Manetta J, Kikly K, Korst LM, Stohl W. Maternal Serum B-Cell Activating Factor Levels. Hypertension 2017; 70:1007-1013. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early suppression of B-cell lymphopoiesis is necessary for a normal pregnancy. Dysregulation of factors critical to B-cell survival may result in pregnancy complications, including hypertension. In this prospective observational study at a single medical center, serum levels of BAFF (B-cell activating factor) were measured in pregnant participants at each trimester, at delivery, and postpartum and in nonpregnant controls at a single time point. Comparisons were made between nonpregnant and pregnant subjects and between time periods of pregnancy. First-trimester serum BAFF levels were further tested for association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The study included 149 healthy pregnant women, 25 pregnant women with chronic hypertension, and 48 nonpregnant controls. Median first-trimester serum BAFF level (ng/mL) for healthy women (0.90) was lower than median serum BAFF levels for women with chronic hypertension (0.96;
P
=0.013) and controls (1.00;
P
=0.002). Serum BAFF levels steadily declined throughout pregnancy, with the median second-trimester level lower than the corresponding first-trimester level (0.77;
P
=0.003) and the median third-trimester level lower than the corresponding second-trimester level (0.72;
P
=0.025). The median first-trimester serum BAFF level was elevated in women who subsequently developed hypertension compared with women who remained normotensive (1.02 versus 0.85;
P
=0.012), with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve being 0.709. First-trimester serum BAFF level may be an early and clinically useful predictor of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindi E. Stohl
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.E.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.H.L.) and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (W.S.), Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Department of Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis,
| | - Richard H. Lee
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.E.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.H.L.) and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (W.S.), Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Department of Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis,
| | - Joseph Manetta
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.E.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.H.L.) and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (W.S.), Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Department of Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis,
| | - Kristine Kikly
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.E.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.H.L.) and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (W.S.), Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Department of Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis,
| | - Lisa M. Korst
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.E.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.H.L.) and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (W.S.), Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Department of Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis,
| | - William Stohl
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.E.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.H.L.) and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (W.S.), Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Department of Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis,
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4
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Bienertova-Vasku J, Zlamal F, Tomandl J, Hodicka Z, Novak J, Splichal Z, Ventruba P, Thon V, Vasku A. The presence of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in umbilical cord blood in both healthy and pre-eclamptic pregnancies and in human breast milk. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 109:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Pelekanou V, Notas G, Kampa M, Tsentelierou E, Stathopoulos EN, Tsapis A, Castanas E. BAFF, APRIL, TWEAK, BCMA, TACI and Fn14 proteins are related to human glioma tumor grade: immunohistochemistry and public microarray data meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83250. [PMID: 24376672 PMCID: PMC3869762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are common and lethal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Genetic alterations, inflammatory and angiogenic processes have been identified throughout tumor progression; however, treatment still remains palliative for most cases. Biological research on parameters influencing cell survival, invasion and tumor heterogeneity identified several cytokines interfering in CNS inflammation, oxidative stress and malignant transformation, including TNF-superfamily (TNFSF) members. In this report we performed a meta-analysis of public gene-array data on the expression of a group of TNFSF ligands (BAFF, APRIL, TWEAK) and their receptors (BAFF-R, TACI, BCMA, Fn14) in gliomas. In addition, we investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the tumor cells' expression of these ligands and receptors in a series of 56 gliomas of different grade. We show that in IHC, BAFF and APRIL as well as their cognate receptors (BCMA, TACI) and Fn14 expression correlate with tumor grade. This result was not evidenced in micro-arrays meta-analysis. Finally, we detected for the first time Fn14, BAFF, BCMA and TACI in glioma-related vascular endothelium. Our data, combined with our previous report in glioma cell lines, suggest a role for these receptors and ligands in glioma biology and advance these molecules as potential markers for the classification of these tumors to the proliferative, angiogenic or stem-like molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Pelekanou
- Laboratories of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratories of Pathology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratories of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratories of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Andreas Tsapis
- Laboratories of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; (4) Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratories of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
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6
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Koldehoff M, Cierna B, Steckel NK, Beelen DW, Elmaagacli AH. Maternal molecular features and gene profiling of monocytes during first trimester pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 99:62-8. [PMID: 23958292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the molecular characteristics of monocytes of pregnant and non-pregnant women to investigate the molecular effects that are associated with immunoregulation at the maternal-fetal interface. We analyzed molecular features and target genes in monocytes of pregnant women using flow cytometry, real-time PCR and oligonucleotide microarray technology. CD14(high) monocytes and several immune gene members including CD200, CD200R, IDO, IFI27, IL-10 and G0S2 were found to be differentially expressed in monocytes throughout pregnancy. In addition, transcripts within components of the signaling cascade of immune cells (HLA-DRB4, HBEGF, IL-8, CD3D, CCL5), and of several transcription factors (SOCS1, CXCL10, ID1, ID2) were altered in the monocytes of pregnant women. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the biological significance of our observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koldehoff
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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7
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Telugu BP, Adachi K, Schlitt JM, Ezashi T, Schust DJ, Roberts RM, Schulz LC. Comparison of extravillous trophoblast cells derived from human embryonic stem cells and from first trimester human placentas. Placenta 2013; 34:536-43. [PMID: 23631809 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia and other placental pathologies are characterized by a lack of spiral artery remodeling associated with insufficient invasion by extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT). Because trophoblast invasion occurs in early pregnancy when access to human placental tissue is limited, there is a need for model systems for the study of trophoblast differentiation and invasion. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) treated with BMP4- differentiate to trophoblast, and express HLA-G, a marker of EVT. The goals of the present study were to further characterize the HLA-G(+) cells derived from BMP4-treated hESC, and determine their suitability as a model. METHODS HESC were treated with BMP4 under 4% or 20% oxygen and tested in Matrigel invasion chambers. Both BMP4-treated hESC and primary human placental cells were separated into HLA-G(+) and HLA-G(-)/TACSTD2(+) populations with immunomagnetic beads and expression profiles analyzed by microarray. RESULTS There was a 10-fold increase in invasion when hESC were BMP4-treated. There was also an independent, stimulatory effect of oxygen on this process. Invasive cells expressed trophoblast marker KRT7, and the majority were also HLA-G(+). Gene expression profiles revealed that HLA-G(+), BMP4-treated hESC were similar to, but distinct from, HLA-G(+) cells isolated from first trimester placentas. Whereas HLA-G(+) and HLA-G(-) cells from first trimester placentas had highly divergent gene expression profiles, HLA-G(+) and HLA-G(-) cells from BMP4-treated hESC had somewhat similar profiles, and both expressed genes characteristic of early trophoblast development. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that hESC treated with BMP4 provide a model for studying transition to the EVT lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Telugu
- University of Maryland, Animal and Avian Sciences, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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8
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Notas G, Alexaki VI, Kampa M, Pelekanou V, Charalampopoulos I, Sabour-Alaoui S, Pediaditakis I, Dessirier V, Gravanis A, Stathopoulos EN, Tsapis A, Castanas E. APRIL binding to BCMA activates a JNK2-FOXO3-GADD45 pathway and induces a G2/M cell growth arrest in liver cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4748-58. [PMID: 23071284 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The TNF superfamily ligands APRIL and BAFF bind with different affinity to two receptors, BCMA and TACI, and induce cell survival and/or proliferation, whereas BAFF also binds specifically to BAFFR. These molecules were considered specific for the immune system. Recently, however, they were also found in epithelial and mesenchymal noncancerous and cancerous tissues and cell lines. In this article, we report that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B and HCC specimens express APRIL and BAFF and their receptors BCMA and BAFFR, but not TACI; APRIL/BCMA is enhanced in HCC, compared with normal liver tissue. In contrast to previous reports, APRIL binding to BCMA decreases cell proliferation by inducing G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, whereas BAFF has no effect on cell growth. HCC cells therefore represent a rare system in which these two ligands (APRIL and BAFF) exert a differential effect and may serve as a model for specific APRIL/BCMA actions. We show that the effect of APRIL is mediated via BCMA, which does not activate the classical NF-κB pathway, whereas it induces a novel signaling pathway, which involves JNK2 phosphorylation, FOXO3A activation, and GADD45 transcription. In addition, JNK2 mediates the phosphorylation of Akt, which is activated but does not participate in the antiproliferative effect of APRIL. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that APRIL modifies genes specifically related to cell cycle modulation, including MCM2/4/5/6, CDC6, PCNA, and POLE2. Our data, therefore, identify a novel APRIL/BCMA signaling pathway in HCC and suggest that APRIL could have a pleiotropic role in tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-71003, Greece
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9
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Muñoz-Fernández R, Prados A, Leno-Durán E, Blázquez A, García-Fernández JR, Ortiz-Ferrón G, Olivares EG. Human decidual stromal cells secrete C-X-C motif chemokine 13, express B cell-activating factor and rescue B lymphocytes from apoptosis: distinctive characteristics of follicular dendritic cells. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2775-84. [PMID: 22718279 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decidual stromal cells (DSCs) have classically been considered fibroblastic cells, although their function, cell lineage and origin are not fully understood. We previously demonstrated that human DSCs showed similarities with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs): DSCs expressed FDC-associated antigens, both types of cells are contractile and both are related to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). To further characterize DSCs, we investigated whether DSCs and FDCs share any distinctive phenotypical and functional characteristics. METHODS Human FDC lines were obtained from tonsillectomy samples, human DSC lines from elective termination of pregnancy samples and human MSC lines from bone marrow aspirates. We isolated DSC, FDC and MSC lines and compared their characteristics with flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell lines were cultured with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT)α(1)β(2), cytokines involved in FDC differentiation. Cell lines were also differentiated in culture after exposure to progesterone and cAMP, factors involved in the differentiation (decidualization) of DSC. RESULTS Like MSCs, DSCs and FDCs expressed MSC-associated antigens (CD10, CD29, CD54, CD73, CD106, α-smooth muscle actin and STRO-1) and lacked CD45 expression, and all three types of cell line showed increased expression of CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD106 (VCAM-1) when cultured TNF and LTα(1)β(2). DSCs and FDCs, however, exhibited characteristics not observed in MSCs: DSCs expressed FDC-associated antigens CD14, CD21 and CD23, B cell-activating factor and secreted C-X-C motif chemokine 13. Moreover, DSC lines but not MSC lines inhibited the spontaneous apoptosis of B lymphocytes, a typical functional attribute of FDC. During culture with progesterone and cAMP, FDCs, like DSCs but in contrast to MSCs, changed their morphology from a fibroblastic to a rounder shape, and cells secreted prolactin. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DSCs and FDCs share a common precursor in MSCs but this precursor acquires new capacities when it homes to peripheral tissues. We discuss these shared properties in the context of immune-endocrine regulation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
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10
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Chae SC, Yu JI, Uhm TB, Lee SY, Kang DB, Lee JK, Park WC, Yun KJ. The haplotypes of TNFRSF17 polymorphisms are associated with colon cancer in a Korean population. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:701-7. [PMID: 22108903 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously found that the haplotypes of TNFRSF17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease on Korean population. The present study aimed to investigate whether the polymorphisms in the TNFRSF17 gene are associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Genotype analysis in the TNFRSF17 SNPs was performed by high-resolution melting and TaqMan probe analysis, and the genotype and allele frequencies of TNFRSF17 SNPs were compared between the CRC patients and the healthy controls. The haplotype frequencies of TNFRSF17 for multiple loci were estimated using the expectation maximization algorithm. RESULTS Although, the genotype and allelic frequencies of these SNPs, in the colon cancer and rectal cancer patients, were not significantly different from those in the healthy controls, the genotype and allele frequency of g.2493G>A was significantly different between the healthy controls and the right colon cancer patients (P = 0.014 and 0.004, respectively). Moreover, the haplotypes frequencies in the healthy controls were significantly different from those in the colon cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TNFRSF17 may be a candidate gene associated with the pathogenesis of colon cancer, and the haplotypes of the TNFRSF17 polymorphisms might be one of the markers for colon cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Cheon Chae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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11
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Soluble BAFF-R produced by decidual stromal cells plays an inhibitory role in monocytes and macrophages. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24:654-63. [PMID: 22503273 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A sophisticated immunological regulation between decidual stromal cells (DSC) and monocytes and macrophages is essential for the successful symbiosis of the mother and her fetus, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The mRNA and proteins of B lymphocyte stimulator (BAFF, also known as BLys) and its receptor, BAFF-R (also known as BR3, CD268 or TNFRSF17), have been detected in both first-trimester and term placentas, but whether BAFF or BAFF-R participates in the cross-talk between DSC and monocytes and macrophages in the first-trimester pregnancy has not been described. This study found that purified DSC extensively shed BAFF-R and that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C); a synthetic toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist) dramatically up-regulated BAFF-R secretion, suggesting that release of these soluble proteins was an inherent property of DSC and its induction might have relevance to TLR-3-mediated signal transduction. When monocytes were cultured with the supernatants of resting DSC or poly(I:C)-treated DSC, the proliferation of CD14(+)HLA-DR(+) monocytes (P=0.025 and 0.045) and the secretion levels of tumour necrosis factor α (P=0.035 and 0.031) and interleukin 6 (P=0.021 and 0.035) were significantly increased after the BAFF-R was blocked. Soluble BAFF-R may play inhibitory roles in monocytes and macrophages.
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12
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Pathogenesis of preeclampsia: the genetic component. J Pregnancy 2011; 2012:632732. [PMID: 22175024 PMCID: PMC3235819 DOI: 10.1155/2012/632732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is
one of the main causes of maternal and fetal
morbidity and mortality in the world, causing
nearly 40% of births delivered before 35
weeks of gestation. PE begins with inadequate
trophoblast invasion early in pregnancy, which
produces an increase in oxidative stress
contributing to the development of systemic
endothelial dysfunction in the later phases of
the disease, leading to the characteristic
clinical manifestation of PE. Numerous methods
have been used to predict the onset of PE with
different degrees of efficiency. These methods
have used fetal/placental and maternal markers
in different stages of pregnancy. From an
epidemiological point of view, many studies have
shown that PE is a disease with a strong
familiar predisposition, which also varies
according to geographical, socioeconomic, and
racial features, and this information can be
used in the prediction process. Large amounts of
research have shown a genetic association with a
multifactorial polygenic inheritance in the
development of this disease. Many biological
candidate genes and polymorphisms have been
examined in their relation with PE. We will
discuss the most important of them, grouped
by the different pathogenic mechanisms involved
in PE.
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13
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Fenstad MH, Johnson MP, Roten LT, Aas PA, Forsmo S, Klepper K, East CE, Abraham LJ, Blangero J, Brennecke SP, Austgulen R, Moses EK. Genetic and molecular functional characterization of variants within TNFSF13B, a positional candidate preeclampsia susceptibility gene on 13q. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12993. [PMID: 20927378 PMCID: PMC2947510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication, demonstrating a complex pattern of inheritance. The elucidation of genetic liability to preeclampsia remains a major challenge in obstetric medicine. We have adopted a positional cloning approach to identify maternal genetic components, with linkages previously demonstrated to chromosomes 2q, 5q and 13q in an Australian/New Zealand familial cohort. The current study aimed to identify potential functional and structural variants in the positional candidate gene TNFSF13B under the 13q linkage peak and assess their association status with maternal preeclampsia genetic susceptibility. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The proximal promoter and coding regions of the positional candidate gene TNFSF13B residing within the 13q linkage region was sequenced using 48 proband or founder individuals from Australian/New Zealand families. Ten sequence variants (nine SNPs and one single base insertion) were identified and seven SNPs were successfully genotyped in the total Australian/New Zealand family cohort (74 families/480 individuals). Borderline association to preeclampsia (p = 0.0153) was observed for three rare SNPs (rs16972194, rs16972197 and rs56124946) in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other. Functional evaluation by electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed differential nuclear factor binding to the minor allele of the rs16972194 SNP, residing upstream of the translation start site, making this a putative functional variant. The observed genetic associations were not replicated in a Norwegian case/control cohort (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2), 851 preeclamptic and 1,440 non-preeclamptic women). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE TNFSF13B has previously been suggested to contribute to the normal immunological adaption crucial for a successful pregnancy. Our observations support TNFSF13B as a potential novel preeclampsia susceptibility gene. We discuss a possible role for TNFSF13B in preeclampsia pathogenesis, and propose the rs16972194 variant as a candidate for further functional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H. Fenstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Matthew P. Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linda T. Roten
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per A. Aas
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siri Forsmo
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjetil Klepper
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christine E. East
- Department of Perinatal Medicine/Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lawrence J. Abraham
- The School of Biomedical Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley, Perth, Australia
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shaun P. Brennecke
- Department of Perinatal Medicine/Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rigmor Austgulen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eric K. Moses
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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14
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Li Wang, Zeng Chan Wang, Cui Xie, Xiao Feng Liu, Mao Sheng Yang. Genome-wide screening for risk loci of idiopathic recurrent miscarriage in a Han Chinese population: a pilot study. Reprod Sci 2010; 17:578-584. [PMID: 20305137 DOI: 10.1177/1933719110364248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of recurrent miscarriage (RM) is extremely heterogeneous, including genetic, immunologic, anatomic, endocrinological, and infectious anomalies. About 50% of RM is unexplained or poorly understood, which is called idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (IRM). The primary aim of this study was to identify the genetic loci that might be susceptible to IRM. Forty-four Han Chinese patients with IRM during the first trimester of their pregnancies and 44 healthy sex- and ethnic-matched controls were enrolled in this study. A case-control and genome-wide study was performed and 430 polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed. Three loci, 6q27 (D6S446, P = .028), 9q33.1 (D9S1776, P = .037), and Xp22.11 (DXS1226, P = .008), significantly associated with IRM were found. This work identified 3 genetic regions that might harbor genes predisposed to IRM and provided new insights for future genetic and etiological study of IRM. Further study is required to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Laboratory of Disorder Genes and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chae SC, Yu JI, Oh GJ, Choi CS, Choi SC, Yang YS, Yun KJ. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TNFRSF17 gene and their association with gastrointestinal disorders. Mol Cells 2010; 29:21-8. [PMID: 20016944 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFRSF17 is preferentially expressed in mature B lymphocytes, and may be important for the development of B cells. TNFRSF17 is selected as a candidate susceptibility gene to IBD pathogenesis by our cDNA microarray analysis, and we showed the specific expression of TNFRSF17 in resting and activated CD19(+) cells obtained from human blood. We identified four SNPs (g-1729G>A, g.2295T>C, g.2445G>A and g.2493G>A) and one variation site (g.894delT) in the TNFRSF17 gene using direct sequencing analysis. In addition, the association of the genotype and allelic frequencies of these SNPs was studied in healthy controls and in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although, the genotype and allelic frequencies of these SNPs, in the UC and IBS patients, were not significantly different from those in the healthy controls, the distribution of the AAG, GGA, AGG and AAA haplotypes, of the SNPs (g.-1729G>A, g.2445G> A and g.2493G>A) associated with the TNFRSF17 gene, in the UC patients, were notably different from those of the healthy controls (P = 0.002, 0.002, 4.7E-4 and 3.3E-6, respectively). Moreover, the frequencies of the AAG, AGG, GAG and GAA haplotypes were significantly different in the IBS patients compared to the healthy controls (P = 4.2E-5, 4.4E-17, 1.8E-22 and 1.6E-10, respectively). These results suggest that the haplotypes of the TNFRSF17 polymorphisms might be associated with UC and IBS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Cheon Chae
- Department of Pathology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Korea
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16
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Langat DL, Wheaton DA, Platt JS, Sifers T, Hunt JS. Signaling pathways for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) in human placenta. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:1303-11. [PMID: 18403603 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis superfamily (TNFSF) contains two soluble ligands that are involved in B lymphocyte development, BAFF (B cell activating factor, BlyS, TALL-1, CD257, TNFSF13B) and APRIL (a proliferation inducing ligand, CD256, TNFSF13). These two ligands signal through three receptors: the exclusive BAFF receptor (BAFF-R, CD268, TNFRSF17) and two receptors that recognize both BAFF and APRIL, TACI (transmembrane-activator-1 and calcium-modulator- and cyclophilin ligand-interactor CD267, TNFRSF13B) and BCMA (B cell maturation antigen, CD269, TNFRSF13C). All but BAFF-R are known to be synthesized in term placentas. In this study, expression of the ligands and receptors were distinguished in two embryologically discrete subpopulations of placental cells, villous cytotrophoblast (vCTB) cells and mesenchymal cells (MCs). Real-Time PCR showed that vCTB cells contain low levels of BAFF and APRIL transcripts whereas MCs contain high levels. Both Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry identified BAFF-R and BCMA mRNA and proteins in vCTB cells but essentially no TACI. By contrast, MCs contained readily detectable levels of all three receptors. These results illustrating potential autocrine and paracrine pathways for BAFF and APRIL signaling in human placentas suggest that lineage-specific regulation of placental cell viability, differentiation and/or other activities may be novel functions of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daudi L Langat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7400, USA
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17
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Expression of BAFF in the trophoblast and decidua of normal early pregnant women and patients with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200802020-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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18
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Brod SA, Hood Z. Ingested (oral) SIRS peptide 1–21 inhibits acute EAE by inducing Th2-like cytokines. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 183:89-95. [PMID: 17196668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ingested type I IFN inhibits clinical attacks, relapses and inflammation in murine chronic relapsing EAE by inhibiting Th1-like cytokines. Type I IFN activates human suppressor T cells that produce SIRS. METHODS We examined whether oral (ingested) SIRS peptide inhibits EAE by decreasing Th1-like cytokines. RESULTS Parenteral SIRS peptide 1-21 showed a significant inhibition of disease severity in murine EAE. Ingested SIRS peptide at 10 and 100 microg SIRS peptide showed a significant inhibition of disease severity but also a prolonged delay in the onset of disease compared to placebo. There were significantly less inflammatory foci in the SIRS peptide fed group compared to the control mock fed group. Splenocytes from SIRS peptide 1-21 fed mice showed increased production of Th2-like CD30L, IL-13, TCA-3 cytokines/chemokines and decreased production of Th1-like cytokine lymphotactin. INTERPRETATION Ingested (oral) SIRS peptide significantly inhibits both clinical EAE and inflammation predominately via counter-regulatory type 2-like cytokines/chemokines IL-13, CD30L and TCA-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staley A Brod
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston, Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Lyu MA, Cheung LH, Hittelman WN, Marks JW, Aguiar RCT, Rosenblum MG. The rGel/BLyS fusion toxin specifically targets malignant B cells expressing the BLyS receptors BAFF-R, TACI, and BCMA. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:460-70. [PMID: 17267661 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is crucial for B-cell survival, and the biological effects of BLyS are mediated by three cell surface receptors designated B cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), and B-cell maturation antibody (BCMA). Increased expression of BLyS and its receptors has been identified in numerous B-cell malignancies. We generated a fusion toxin designated rGel/BLyS for receptor-mediated delivery of the recombinant gelonin (rGel) toxin to neoplastic B cells, and we characterized its activity against various B-cell tumor lines. Three mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines (JeKo-1, Mino, and SP53) and two diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines (SUDHL-6 and OCI-Ly3) expressing all three distinct BLyS receptors were found to be the most sensitive to the fusion toxin (IC(50) = 2-5 pmol/L and 0.001-5 nmol/L for MCL and DLBCL, respectively). The rGel/BLyS fusion toxin showed specific binding to cells expressing BLyS receptors and rapid internalization of the rGel component into target cells. The cytotoxic effects of rGel/BLyS were inhibited by pretreatment with free BLyS or with soluble BAFF-R, TACI, and BCMA decoy receptors. This suggests that the cytotoxic effects of the fusion toxin are mediated through BLyS receptors. The rGel/BLyS fusion toxin inhibited MCL cell growth through induction of apoptosis associated with caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Our results suggest that BLyS has the potential to serve as an excellent targeting ligand for the specific delivery of cytotoxic molecules to neoplastic B cells expressing the BLyS receptors, and that the rGel/BLyS fusion toxin may be an excellent candidate for the treatment of B-cell malignancies especially MCL and DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ae Lyu
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Section, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 0044, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Fu L, Lin-Lee YC, Pham LV, Tamayo A, Yoshimura L, Ford RJ. Constitutive NF-kappaB and NFAT activation leads to stimulation of the BLyS survival pathway in aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2006; 107:4540-8. [PMID: 16497967 PMCID: PMC1895801 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-10-4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a relatively recently recognized member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family (TNF), is a potent cell-survival factor expressed in many hematopoietic cells. BLyS binds to 3 TNF-R receptors, TACI, BCMA, BAFF-R, to regulate B-cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. The mechanisms involved in BLYS gene expression and regulation are still incompletely understood. In this study, we examined BLYS gene expression, function, and regulation in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL-B) cells. Our studies indicate that BLyS is constitutively expressed in aggressive NHL-B cells, including large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), playing an important role in the survival and proliferation of malignant B cells. We found that 2 important transcription factors, NF-kappaB and NFAT, are involved in regulating BLyS expression through at least one NF-kappaB and 2 NFAT binding sites in the BLYS promoter. We also provide evidence suggesting that the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB and BLyS in NHL-B cells forms a positive feedback loop associated with lymphoma cell survival and proliferation. Our findings indicate that constitutive NF-kappaB and NFAT activations are crucial transcriptional regulators of the BLyS survival pathway in malignant B cells that could be therapeutic targets in aggressive NHL-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Fu
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Abstract
Multiple mechanisms underlie the surprising willingness of mothers to tolerate genetically different fetal tissues during pregnancy. Chief among these is the choice of HLA-G, a gene with few alleles, rather than the highly polymorphic HLA-A and -B genes, for expression by the placental cells that interface directly with maternal blood and tissues. Novel aspects of this major histocompatibility complex class Ib gene include alternative splicing to permit production of membrane and soluble isoforms, deletions that dampen responses to interferons, and a shortened cytoplasmic tail that affects expression at the cell surface. Placental cells migrating into the maternal uterus synthesize both membrane and soluble isoforms, which interact with inhibitory receptors on leukocytes such as ILT2 and ILT4. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes either die or reduce production of one of their major coreceptor/activator cell surface molecules, CD8; natural killer cells are immobilized and mononuclear phagocytes are programmed into suppressive modes characterized by high production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The idea that placental HLA-G proteins facilitate semiallogeneic pregnancy by inhibiting maternal immune responses to foreign (paternal) antigens via these actions on immune cells is now well established, and the postulate that the recombinant counterparts of these proteins may be used as powerful tools for preventing immune rejection of transplanted organs is gaining in popularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan S Hunt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7400, USA.
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22
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Modifications de la réponse immune durant la grossesse : implications dans la polyarthrite rhumatoïde et le lupus systémique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rhum.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Petroff MG, Kharatyan E, Torry DS, Holets L. The immunomodulatory proteins B7-DC, B7-H2, and B7-H3 are differentially expressed across gestation in the human placenta. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 167:465-73. [PMID: 16049332 PMCID: PMC1603571 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Placental trophoblast cells form a cellular barrier between the potentially immunogenic fetus and maternal leukocytes. Trophoblasts subvert maternal immunity by producing surface-bound and soluble factors that interact with maternal leukocytes. Here, we describe the distribution of three members of the expanding family of B7 immunomodulatory molecules: B7-DC, B7-H2, and B7-H3. B7-DC and B7-H3 inhibit antigen-stimulated lymphocyte activation while B7-H2 serves in a regulatory capacity, often promoting a Th2 immunophenotype. First trimester and term placentas, purified trophoblast cells, choriocarcinoma cell lines, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were analyzed for B7 family RNA and protein expression. Transcripts and proteins for all three B7s were present throughout gestation but were differentially expressed within the trophoblast and the stroma. Whereas B7-DC was prominent on the syncytiotrophoblast of early placenta, it was absent from the trophoblast at term. In contrast, B7-H2 and B7-H3 were prominent on the extravillous trophoblast throughout gestation. Lastly, stromal cells, including macrophages and endothelial cells, differentially expressed B7-DC, B7-H2, and B7-H3, depending on gestational age. Thus, all three of these newly discovered B7 proteins are differentially positioned at the maternal-fetal interface such that they could steer maternal leukocytes away from a harmful immune response and toward a favorable one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G Petroff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160-7400, USA.
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24
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Stohl W. Targeting B lymphocyte stimulator in systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2005; 8:177-89. [PMID: 15161425 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.8.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a vital B cell survival factor. Overexpression of BLyS in mice can lead to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease and to Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-like disease. Treatment of mice with established SLE with BLyS antagonists ameliorates disease progression and enhances survival. Moreover, similar treatment of mice with inflammatory arthritis ameliorates the ongoing inflammation and subsequent joint destruction. In humans, BLyS overexpression is common in patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis or SS. Results from a Phase I clinical trial with a BLyS antagonist in human SLE have shown the antagonist to be biologically active and safe. These features collectively point to BLyS as an attractive therapeutic target in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stohl
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2011 Zonal Avenue HMR 711, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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26
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Ng LG, Mackay CR, Mackay F. The BAFF/APRIL system: life beyond B lymphocytes. Mol Immunol 2004; 42:763-72. [PMID: 15829264 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
B cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are two members of the TNF ligand superfamily. Studies of BAFF, APRIL and their receptors have highlighted the importance of this ligand/receptor system in regulating B cell homeostasis, tolerance and malignancy. Neutralizing BAFF can inhibit disease progression in animal models of autoimmunity, possibly by reducing survival of autoreactive B cells. In addition, BAFF inhibitors also prevent B lymphoma cell survival and may be useful for the treatment of lymphoid cancers. Recent work suggests that BAFF is also important for T cell activation and differentiation, an aspect that may be critical for the progression of certain autoimmune diseases. Therefore, targeting the BAFF/APRIL system may protect against autoimmunity and lymphoid cancers through the inhibition of pathogenic B and T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Guan Ng
- Arthritis and Asthma Research Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Reseach, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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