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Jonart LM, Ostergaard J, Brooks A, Fitzpatrick G, Chen L, Gordon PM. CXCR4 antagonists disrupt leukaemia-meningeal cell adhesion and attenuate chemoresistance. Br J Haematol 2023; 201:459-469. [PMID: 36535585 PMCID: PMC10121760 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effective prophylaxis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains a significant clinical challenge. Developing novel and more effective CNS-directed therapies has been hampered, in part, by our limited understanding of the leukaemia niche in the CNS relative to the bone marrow. Accordingly, defining the molecular and cellular components critical for the establishment and maintenance of the CNS leukaemia niche may lead to new therapeutic opportunities. In prior work we showed that direct intercellular interactions between leukaemia and meningeal cells enhance leukaemia chemoresistance in the CNS. Herein, we show that the CXCR4/CXCL12 chemokine axis contributes to leukaemia-meningeal cell adhesion. Importantly, clinically tested CXCR4 antagonists, which are likely to cross the blood-brain and blood-cerebral spinal fluid barriers and penetrate the CNS, effectively disrupted leukaemia-meningeal cell adhesion. Moreover, by disrupting these intercellular interactions, CXCR4 antagonists attenuated leukaemia chemoresistance in leukaemia-meningeal cell co-culture experiments and enhanced the efficacy of cytarabine in targeting leukaemia cells in the meninges in vivo. This work identifies the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis as an important regulator of intercellular interactions within the CNS leukaemia niche and supports further testing of the therapeutic efficacy of CXCR4 antagonists in overcoming CNS niche-mediated chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Jonart
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jason Ostergaard
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Athena Brooks
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Garrett Fitzpatrick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Liam Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter M Gordon
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Evidence for adverse effects by G-CSF in some acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Transfus Apher Sci 2022:103637. [PMID: 36585275 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mayer IM, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V, Doma E. Isolation, Maintenance and Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Leukemic Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071723. [PMID: 35406494 PMCID: PMC8996967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transplantation of adult hematopoietic stem cells is an important therapeutic tool to help patients suffering from diverse hematological disorders. All types of blood cells can develop from a single hematopoietic stem cell underlining their enormous potential. Intense efforts are ongoing to generate “engraftable” human hematopoietic stem cells to treat hematopoietic diseases and to understand the molecular machinery driving them. Leukemic stem cells represent a low frequency subpopulation of leukemia cells that possess stem cell properties. They can instigate, maintain, and serially propagate leukemia in vivo, while they retain the capacity to differentiate into committed progenitors. Leukemic stem cells are unaffected by many therapeutic strategies and represent the major cause of relapse. We here describe all methods to maintain and expand murine and human hematopoietic cells in culture and describe their specific advantages. These methods are also employed to understand the biology of leukemic stem cells and to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, self-renewing cells that perch on top of the hematopoietic tree. The HSCs ensure the constant supply of mature blood cells in a tightly regulated process producing peripheral blood cells. Intense efforts are ongoing to optimize HSC engraftment as therapeutic strategy to treat patients suffering from hematopoietic diseases. Preclinical research paves the way by developing methods to maintain, manipulate and expand HSCs ex vivo to understand their regulation and molecular make-up. The generation of a sufficient number of transplantable HSCs is the Holy Grail for clinical therapy. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are characterized by their acquired stem cell characteristics and are responsible for disease initiation, progression, and relapse. We summarize efforts, that have been undertaken to increase the number of long-term (LT)-HSCs and to prevent differentiation towards committed progenitors in ex vivo culture. We provide an overview and compare methods currently available to isolate, maintain and enrich HSC subsets, progenitors and LSCs and discuss their individual advantages and drawbacks.
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Tarighat SS, Fei F, Joo EJ, Abdel-Azim H, Yang L, Geng H, Bum-Erdene K, Grice ID, von Itzstein M, Blanchard H, Heisterkamp N. Overcoming Microenvironment-Mediated Chemoprotection through Stromal Galectin-3 Inhibition in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12167. [PMID: 34830047 PMCID: PMC8624256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally-mediated drug resistance in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) significantly contributes to relapse. Stromal cells in the bone marrow environment protect leukemia cells by secretion of chemokines as cues for BCP-ALL migration towards, and adhesion to, stroma. Stromal cells and BCP-ALL cells communicate through stromal galectin-3. Here, we investigated the significance of stromal galectin-3 to BCP-ALL cells. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to ablate galectin-3 in stromal cells and found that galectin-3 is dispensable for steady-state BCP-ALL proliferation and viability. However, efficient leukemia migration and adhesion to stromal cells are significantly dependent on stromal galectin-3. Importantly, the loss of stromal galectin-3 production sensitized BCP-ALL cells to conventional chemotherapy. We therefore tested novel carbohydrate-based small molecule compounds (Cpd14 and Cpd17) with high specificity for galectin-3. Consistent with results obtained using galectin-3-knockout stromal cells, treatment of stromal-BCP-ALL co-cultures inhibited BCP-ALL migration and adhesion. Moreover, these compounds induced anti-leukemic responses in BCP-ALL cells, including a dose-dependent reduction of viability and proliferation, the induction of apoptosis and, importantly, the inhibition of drug resistance. Collectively, these findings indicate galectin-3 regulates BCP-ALL cell responses to chemotherapy through the interactions between leukemia cells and the stroma, and show that a combination of galectin-3 inhibition with conventional drugs can sensitize the leukemia cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh S. Tarighat
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
| | - Fei Fei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
| | - Eun Ji Joo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
| | - I. Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
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Chirillo R, Aversa I, Di Vito A, Salatino A, Battaglia AM, Sacco A, Di Sanzo MA, Faniello MC, Quaresima B, Palmieri C, Biamonte F, Costanzo F. FtH-Mediated ROS Dysregulation Promotes CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis Activation and EMT-Like Trans-Differentiation in Erythroleukemia K562 Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:698. [PMID: 32432042 PMCID: PMC7214836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-microenvironment communication is essential for homing of hematopoietic stem cells in stromal niches. Recent evidences support the involvement of epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) process in hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis as well as in leukemia cells invasiveness and migration capability. Here, we demonstrate that the alteration of iron homeostasis and the consequent increase of redox metabolism, mediated by the stable knock down of ferritin heavy chain (FtH), enhances the expression of CXCR4 in K562 erythroleukemia cells, thus promoting CXCL12-mediated motility. Indeed, addition of the CXCR4 receptor antagonist AMD3100 reverts this effect. Upon FtH knock down K562 cells also acquire an “EMT-like” phenotype, characterized by the increase of Snail, Slug and Vimentin with the parallel loss of E-cadherin. By using fibronectin as substrate, the cell adhesion assay further shows a reduction of cell adhesion capability in FtH-silenced K562 cells. Accordingly, confocal microscopy shows that adherent K562 control cells display a variety of protrusions while FtH-silenced K562 cells remain roundish. These phenomena are largely due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated up-regulation of HIF-1α/CXCR4 axis which, in turn, promotes the activation of NF-κB and the enhancement of EMT features. These data are confirmed by treatments with either N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or AMD3100 or NF-κB inhibitor IκB-alpha which revert the FtH-silenced K562 invasive phenotype. Overall, our findings demonstrate the existence of a direct relationship among iron metabolism, redox homeostasis and EMT in the hematological malignancies. The effects of FtH dysregulation on CXCR4/CXCL12-mediated K562 cell motility extend the meaning of iron homeostasis in the leukemia cell microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Chirillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ilenia Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Di Vito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salatino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Martina Battaglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maddalena Adriana Di Sanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Barbara Quaresima
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Camillo Palmieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Services (CIS), "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Abstract
Enforced egress of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) out of the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral circulation, termed mobilization, has come a long way since its discovery over four decades ago. Mobilization research continues to be driven by the need to optimize the regimen currently available in the clinic with regard to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, costs, and donor convenience. In this review, we describe the most recent findings in the field and how we anticipate them to affect the development of mobilization strategies in the future. Furthermore, the significance of mobilization beyond HSC collection, i.e. for chemosensitization, conditioning, and gene therapy as well as a means to study the interactions between HSCs and their BM microenvironment, is reviewed. Open questions, controversies, and the potential impact of recent technical progress on mobilization research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Karpova
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Michael P Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
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7
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Silva J, Chang CS, Hu T, Qin H, Kitamura E, Hawthorn L, Ren M, Cowell JK. Distinct signaling programs associated with progression of FGFR1 driven leukemia in a mouse model of stem cell leukemia lymphoma syndrome. Genomics 2019; 111:1566-1573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Mudgapalli N, Nallasamy P, Chava H, Chava S, Pathania AS, Gunda V, Gorantla S, Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Challagundla KB. The role of exosomes and MYC in therapy resistance of acute myeloid leukemia: Challenges and opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:21-32. [PMID: 31623866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is caused by abnormal production of white blood cells, red blood cells or platelets. The leukemia cells communicate with their microenvironment through nano-vesicle exosomes that are 30-100 nm in diameter. These nano-vesicles are released from body fluids upon fusion of an endocytic compartment with the cell membrane. Exosomes function as cargo to deliver signaling molecules to distant cells. This allows cross-talk between hematopoietic cells and other distant target cell environments. Exosomes support leukemia growth by acting as messengers between tumor cells and the microenvironment as well as inducing oncogenic factors such as c-Myc. Exosomes have also been used as biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis of leukemia. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are two crucial signaling molecules involved in the AML pathogenesis and MYC stability. GSK-3 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that coordinates with over 40 different proteins during physiological/pathological conditions in blood cells. The dysregulation in GSK-3 has been reported during hematological malignancies. GSK-3 acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting c-MYC, MCL-1 and β-catenin. Conversely, GSK-3 can also act as tumor promoter in some instances. The pharmacological modulators of GSK-3 such as ABT-869, 6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), GS-87 and LY2090314 have shown promise in the treatment of hematological malignancy. PP2A is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the regulation of hematological malignancy. PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) can effectively antagonize leukemogenesis. The discovery of exosomes, kinase inhibitors and phosphatase activators have provided new hope to the leukemia patients. This review discusses the role of exosomes, GSK-3 and PP2A in the pathogenesis of leukemia. We provide evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Mudgapalli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
; UNMC Summer Undergraduate Research Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Haritha Chava
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Srinivas Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anup S Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Venugopal Gunda
- Pediatric Oncology Laboratory, Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Kishore B Challagundla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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9
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Bone marrow sinusoidal endothelium as a facilitator/regulator of cell egress from the bone marrow. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 137:43-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Raic A, Naolou T, Mohra A, Chatterjee C, Lee-Thedieck C. 3D models of the bone marrow in health and disease: yesterday, today and tomorrow. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 9:37-52. [PMID: 30931174 PMCID: PMC6436722 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2018.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their microenvironment in the human bone marrow ensures a life-long blood production by balancing stem cell maintenance and differentiation. This so-called HSC niche can be disturbed by malignant diseases. Investigating their consequences on hematopoiesis requires deep understanding of how the niches function in health and disease. To facilitate this, biomimetic models of the bone marrow are needed to analyse HSC maintenance and hematopoiesis under steady-state and diseased conditions. Here, 3D bone marrow models, their fabrication methods (including 3D bioprinting) and implementations recapturing bone marrow functions in health and diseases, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamarija Raic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Toufik Naolou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anna Mohra
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Chandralekha Chatterjee
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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11
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Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Parray AS, Merhi M, Arredouani A, Chikri M, Uddin S, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Steinhoff M, Janahi IA, Azizi F. Evaluation of cationic channel TRPV2 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in Leukemia-Implications concerning the resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1554. [PMID: 30733502 PMCID: PMC6367460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients treated during leukemia face the risk of complications including pulmonary dysfunction that may result from infiltration of leukemic blast cells (LBCs) into lung parenchyma and interstitium. In LBCs, we demonstrated that transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 channel (TRPV2), reputed for its role in inflammatory processes, exhibited oncogenic activity associated with alteration of its molecular expression profile. TRPV2 was overexpressed in LBCs compared to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, functional full length isoform and nonfunctional short form pore-less variant of TRPV2 protein were up-regulated and down-regulated respectively in LBCs. However, the opposite was found in PBMCs. TRPV2 silencing or pharmacological targeting by Tranilast (TL) or SKF96365 (SKF) triggered caspace-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. TL and SKF inhibited chemotactic peptide fMLP-induced response linked to TRPV2 Ca2+ activity, and down-regulated expression of surface marker CD38 involved in leukemia and lung airway inflammation. Challenging lung airway epithelial cells (AECs) with LBCs decreased (by more than 50%) transepithelial resistance (TER) denoting barrier function alteration. Importantly, TL prevented such loss in TER. Therefore, TRPV2 merits further exploration as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for leukemia patients (with pulmonary inflammation) who might be suitable for a novel [adjuvant] therapeutic strategy based on TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aeijaz S Parray
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research-Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohamed Chikri
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research-Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Fouad Azizi
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Godwin JW, Pinto AR, Rosenthal NA. Chasing the recipe for a pro-regenerative immune system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 61:71-79. [PMID: 27521522 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the key ingredients and essential processes required to achieve perfect tissue regeneration in humans has so far remained elusive. Injury in vertebrates induces an obligatory wound response that will precede or overlap any regeneration specific program or scarring outcome. This process shapes the cellular and molecular landscape of the tissue, influencing the success of endogenous repair pathways or for potential clinical intervention. The involvement of immune cells is also required for aspects of development extending beyond the initial inflammatory phase of wounding. It has now become clear from amphibian, fish and mammalian models of tissue injury that the type of immune response and the profile of immune cells attending the site of injury can act as the gatekeepers that determine wound repair quality. The heterogeneity among innate and adaptive immune cell populations, along with the developmental origin of these cells, form key ingredients affecting the potential for downstream repair and the suppression of fibrosis. Cell-to-cell interactions between immune cells, such as macrophages and T cells, with stem cells and mesenchymal cells are critically important for shaping this process and these exchanges, are in turn influenced by the type of injury, tissue location and developmental stage of the organism. Developmentally, mouse cardiac regeneration is restricted to early stages of postnatal life where the balance of innate to adaptive immune cells may be poised towards regeneration. In the injured adult mouse liver, specific macrophage subsets improve repair while other bone marrow derived cells can exacerbate injury. Other studies using genetically diverse mice have shown enhanced regeneration in certain strains, restricted to specific tissues. This enhanced repair is linked with expression of genes such as Insulin-like Growth Factor- 1 (IGF-1) and activin (Act 1), that both play important roles in shaping the immune system. Immune cells are now appreciated to have powerful influences on critical cell types required for regeneration success. The winning recipe for tissue regeneration is likely to be found ultimately by identifying the genetic elements and specific cell populations that limit or allow intrinsic potential. This will be essential for developing therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Godwin
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA; MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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Chen C, Su Y, Chen J, Song Y, Zhuang R, Xiao B, Guo S. Specially modified stromal and immune microenvironment in injected bone marrow following intrabone transplantation facilitates allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:614-623.e3. [PMID: 27090963 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the first key step is the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) across the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barrier. Intrabone bone marrow transplantation (IBBMT) could replace more recipient stromal cells with donor cells and facilitate allogeneic organ transplantation compared with the conventional intravenous approach. However, it remains unknown whether and how IBBMT reconstructs the immune microenvironment for allogeneic HSCs. We explored where the BM microenvironment changes by determining BM stromal cell chimerism and measuring the change in CXCL-12 expression and regulatory T cells in recipient BM. We found that most stromal cells were replaced by allogeneic cells in the injected BM, with higher expression of immune regulatory cytokines (interleukin-10) compared with the contralateral BM and the intravenous group BM. This difference was independent of injury caused by intrabone injection. Consistent with the microenvironment modification, the allogeneic the engraftment rate and reconstitution capacity of HSCs were enhanced in the injected BM compared with the contralateral BM and intravenous group BM. Surgical removal of the injected bone at 7 days rather than 21 days reduced the levels of allogeneic granulocytes and HSCs in the peripheral blood. In conclusion, IBBMT specially modifies stromal cells in the injected BM which provide immune protective cues that improve the engraftment of allogeneic HSCs in an early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuzhong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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14
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Nagree MS, López-Vásquez L, Medin JA. Towards in vivo amplification: Overcoming hurdles in the use of hematopoietic stem cells in transplantation and gene therapy. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1233-1250. [PMID: 26730268 PMCID: PMC4691692 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i11.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of safer and more efficient gene transfer methods, gene therapy has become a viable solution for many inherited and acquired disorders. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a prime cell compartment for gene therapy aimed at correcting blood-based disorders, as well as those amenable to metabolic outcomes that can effect cross-correction. While some resounding clinical successes have recently been demonstrated, ample room remains to increase the therapeutic output from HSC-directed gene therapy. In vivo amplification of therapeutic cells is one avenue to achieve enhanced gene product delivery. To date, attempts have been made to provide HSCs with resistance to cytotoxic drugs, to include drug-inducible growth modules specific to HSCs, and to increase the engraftment potential of transduced HSCs. This review aims to summarize amplification strategies that have been developed and tested and to discuss their advantages along with barriers faced towards their clinical adaptation. In addition, next-generation strategies to circumvent current limitations of specific amplification schemas are discussed.
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Exosome-mediated microenvironment dysregulation in leukemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:464-470. [PMID: 26384870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche is composed of a complex set of stromal support cells that maintain HSCs and promote normal hematopoiesis. We now know that molecular changes within the hematopoietic niche contribute to leukemia development. Leukemia cells often reorganize the hematopoietic niche to promote and support their own survival and growth. Here we will summarize recent works that decipher the normal hematopoietic niche cellular components and describe how the leukemia-transformed niche contributes to hematological malignances. Finally, we will discuss recent publications that highlight a possible role for exosomes in the leukemia-induced niche reorganization. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Tumor Microenvironment Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Metastasis, Inflammation, and Immune Surveillance edited by Peter Ruvolo and Gregg L. Semenza.
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16
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Ren G, Esposito M, Kang Y. Bone metastasis and the metastatic niche. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1203-12. [PMID: 26275789 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow has been long known to host a unique environment amenable to colonization by metastasizing tumor cells. Yet, the underlying molecular interactions within this specialized microenvironment which give rise to the high incidence of bone metastasis in breast and prostate cancer patients have long remained uncharacterized. With the recent description of the bone metastatic "niche," considerable focus has been placed on understanding how the bone stroma contributes to each step of metastasis. Discoveries within this field have demonstrated that when cancer cells home to the niche in which hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells normally reside, a bidirectional crosstalk emerges between the tumor cells and the bone metastatic stroma. This communication modulates every step of cancer cell metastasis to the bone, including the initial homing and seeding, formation of micrometastases, outgrowth of macrometastases, and the maintenance of long-term dormancy of disseminated tumor cells in the bone. In clinical practice, targeting the bone metastatic niche is evolving into a promising avenue for the prevention of bone metastatic relapse, therapeutic resistance, and other aspects of cancer progression. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning the role of the bone metastatic niche in bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Ren
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, LTL255, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Mark Esposito
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, LTL255, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, LTL255, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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17
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Alfano D, Gorrasi A, Li Santi A, Ricci P, Montuori N, Selleri C, Ragno P. Urokinase receptor and CXCR4 are regulated by common microRNAs in leukaemia cells. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2262-72. [PMID: 26082201 PMCID: PMC4568930 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) focuses uPA proteolytic activity on the cell membrane, promoting localized degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and binds vitronectin (VN), mediating cell adhesion to the ECM. uPAR-bound uPA and VN induce proteolysis-independent intracellular signalling, regulating cell adhesion, migration, survival and proliferation. uPAR cross-talks with CXCR4, the receptor for the stroma-derived factor 1 chemokine. CXCR4 is crucial in the trafficking of hematopoietic stem cells from/to the bone marrow, which involves also uPAR. Both uPAR and CXCR4 are expressed in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), with a lower expression in undifferentiated and myeloid subsets, and higher expression in myelomonocytic and promyelocytic subsets. We hypothesized a microRNA (miR)-mediated co-regulation of uPAR and CXCR4 expression, which could allow their cross-talk at the cell surface. We identified three miRs, miR-146a, miR-335 and miR-622, regulating the expression of both uPAR and CXCR4 in AML cell lines. Indeed, these miRs directly target the 3'untranslated region of both uPAR- and CXCR4-mRNAs; accordingly, uPAR/CXCR4 expression is reduced by their overexpression in AML cells and increased by their specific inhibitors. Overexpression of all three miRs impairs migration, invasion and proliferation of myelomonocytic cells. Interestingly, we observed an inverse relationship between uPAR/CXCR4 expression and miR-146a and miR-335 levels in AML blasts, suggesting their possible role in the regulation of uPAR/CXCR4 expression also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Alfano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Gorrasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Li Santi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ricci
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pia Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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18
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Copelan EA. Leukemia cell mobilization: a road to eradication? Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 50:905-6. [PMID: 25893455 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Copelan
- Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
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19
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Stiehl T, Baran N, Ho AD, Marciniak-Czochra A. Cell division patterns in acute myeloid leukemia stem-like cells determine clinical course: a model to predict patient survival. Cancer Res 2015; 75:940-9. [PMID: 25614516 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease in which a variety of distinct genetic alterations might occur. Recent attempts to identify the leukemia stem-like cells (LSC) have also indicated heterogeneity of these cells. On the basis of mathematical modeling and computer simulations, we have provided evidence that proliferation and self-renewal rates of the LSC population have greater impact on the course of disease than proliferation and self-renewal rates of leukemia blast populations, that is, leukemia progenitor cells. The modeling approach has enabled us to estimate the LSC properties of 31 individuals with relapsed AML and to link them to patient survival. On the basis of the estimated LSC properties, the patients can be divided into two prognostic groups that differ significantly with respect to overall survival after first relapse. The results suggest that high LSC self-renewal and proliferation rates are indicators of poor prognosis. Nevertheless, high LSC self-renewal rate may partially compensate for slow LSC proliferation and vice versa. Thus, model-based interpretation of clinical data allows estimation of prognostic factors that cannot be measured directly. This may have clinical implications for designing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Medicine V, Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Zhang X, Weissman SM, Newburger PE. Long intergenic non-coding RNA HOTAIRM1 regulates cell cycle progression during myeloid maturation in NB4 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. RNA Biol 2014; 11:777-87. [PMID: 24824789 DOI: 10.4161/rna.28828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
HOTAIRM1 is a long intergenic non-coding RNA encoded in the human HOXA gene cluster, with gene expression highly specific for maturing myeloid cells. Knockdown of HOTAIRM1 in the NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line retarded all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA)-induced granulocytic differentiation, resulting in a significantly larger population of immature and proliferating cells that maintained cell cycle progression from G1 to S phases. Correspondingly, HOTAIRM1 knockdown resulted in retained expression of many otherwise ATRA-suppressed cell cycle and DNA replication genes, and abated ATRA induction of cell surface leukocyte activation, defense response, and other maturation-related genes. Resistance to ATRA-induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase transition in knockdown cells was accompanied by retained expression of ITGA4 (CD49d) and decreased induction of ITGAX (CD11c). The coupling of cell cycle progression with temporal dynamics in the expression patterns of these integrin genes suggests a regulated switch to control the transit from the proliferative phase to granulocytic maturation. Furthermore, ITGAX was among a small number of genes showing perturbation in transcript levels upon HOTAIRM1 knockdown even without ATRA treatment, suggesting a direct pathway of regulation. These results indicate that HOTAIRM1 provides a regulatory link in myeloid maturation by modulating integrin-controlled cell cycle progression at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA USA
| | | | - Peter E Newburger
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA USA; Department of Cancer Biology; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA USA
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21
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Shimizu N, Nakaseko C, Jiang M, Nishii K, Yokote K, Iseki T, Higashi M, Tamaru J, Schneider WJ, Bujo H. G-CSF induces the release of the soluble form of LR11, a regulator of myeloid cell mobilization in bone marrow. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:1111-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Giralt S, Costa L, Schriber J, Dipersio J, Maziarz R, McCarty J, Shaughnessy P, Snyder E, Bensinger W, Copelan E, Hosing C, Negrin R, Petersen FB, Rondelli D, Soiffer R, Leather H, Pazzalia A, Devine S. Optimizing autologous stem cell mobilization strategies to improve patient outcomes: consensus guidelines and recommendations. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 20:295-308. [PMID: 24141007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a well-established treatment for malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphomas. Various changes in the field over the past decade, including the frequent use of tandem aHSCT in MM, the advent of novel therapies for the treatment of MM and lymphoma, and the addition of new stem cell mobilization techniques, have led to the need to reassess current stem cell mobilization strategies. Mobilization failures with traditional strategies are common and result in delays in treatment and increased cost and resource utilization. Recently, plerixafor-containing strategies have been shown to significantly reduce mobilization failure rates, but the ideal method to maximize stem cell yields and minimize costs associated with collection has not yet been determined. A panel of experts convened to discuss the currently available data on autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and transplantation and to devise guidelines to optimize mobilization strategies. Herein is a summary of their discussion and consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Giralt
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Luciano Costa
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jeffrey Schriber
- Cancer Transplant Institute, Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - John Dipersio
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - John McCarty
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul Shaughnessy
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant, Texas Transplant Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Edward Snyder
- Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Edward Copelan
- Levine Cancer Institute I, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Finn Bo Petersen
- Intermountain Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Damiano Rondelli
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert Soiffer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Amy Pazzalia
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Steven Devine
- Department of Internal Medicine/Hematology/Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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23
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Fricker SP. Physiology and pharmacology of plerixafor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:237-45. [PMID: 24179472 DOI: 10.1159/000354132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is an important therapeutic option for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The primary source of HSC is from the peripheral blood which requires mobilization from the bone marrow. Current mobilization regimens include cytokines such as G-CSF and/or chemotherapy. However not all patients mobilize enough HSC to proceed to transplant. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 are an integral part of the mechanism of HSC retention in the bone marrow niche. The discovery of plerixafor, a selective inhibitor of CXCR4, has provided a new additional means of mobilizing HSC for autologous transplantation. Plerixafor consists of two cyclam rings with a phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It inhibits CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 and subsequent downstream events including chemotaxis. The molecular interactions of plerixafor have been defined indicating a unique binding mode to CXCR4. Plerixafor rapidly mobilizes HSC within hours compared with the multi-day treatment required by G-CSF in mouse, dog and non-human primate. The mobilized cells once transplanted are capable of timely and endurable engraftment. Additionally CXCR4 has been implicated in the pathology of HIV, inflammatory disease and cancer and the pharmacology of plerixafor in various disease models is described.
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24
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Boulais PE, Escher E, Leduc R. Analysis by substituted cysteine scanning mutagenesis of the fourth transmembrane domain of the CXCR4 receptor in its inactive and active state. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:541-50. [PMID: 23219524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine SDF-1 (CXCL12) selectively binds to CXCR4, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. In this study, we used the substituted-cysteine accessibility method (SCAM) to identify specific residues of the fourth transmembrane domain (TM4) that contribute to the formation of the binding pocket of CXCR4 in its inactive and active state. We successively substituted each residue from E179((4.68)) to K154((4.43)) with cysteine and expressed the mutants in COS-7 cells. Mutant receptors were then alkylated with methanethiosulfonate-ethylammonium (MTSEA), and binding inhibition was monitored using the CXCR4 antagonist FC131 [cyclo(-D-Tyr(1)-Arg(2)-Arg(3)-Nal(4)-Gly(5)-)], which displays anti-HIV activity. MTSEA treatment resulted in a significant reduction of FC131 binding to D171C((4.60)) and P170C((4.59)). To assess TM4 accessibility in an active state of CXCR4, TM4 cysteine mutants were transposed within the constitutively active mutant N119S((3.35)). MTSEA treatment of TM4 mutants N119S-S178C((4.67)), N119S-V177C((4.66)) and N119S-I173C((4.62)) resulted in a significant reduction in FC131 binding. Protection assays using FC131 prior to MTSEA treatment significantly reduced the alkylation of all MTSEA-sensitive mutants. The accessibility of the D171C((4.60)) and P170C((4.59)) residues suggests that they are oriented towards a water-accessible area of the binding pocket of CXCR4. S178C((4.67)), V177C((4.66)) and I173C((4.62)) showed binding inhibition only in an N119S((3.35)) background. Taken together our results suggest that TM4 and ECL2 undergo conformational changes during CXCR4 activation and also demonstrate how TM4 is an important feature for the binding of anti-HIV compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Boulais
- Department of Pharmacology, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H5N4, Canada
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25
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De Lisio M, Parise G. Characterization of the effects of exercise training on hematopoietic stem cell quantity and function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1576-84. [PMID: 23019311 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00717.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of exercise training on hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is largely unknown. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether exercise training could expand the bone marrow HSC pool and influence various aspects of HSC function. Mice were either exercise trained (EX; 1 h/day, 3 days/wk, for 8 wk) or remained sedentary (SED). Bone marrow (BM) from SED or EX mice was extracted from different HSC niches for cell cycle analysis, HSC (lineage(-), Sca-1(+), c-Kit(+)) quantification, and differentiation along various hematopoietic lineages via flow cytometry. Serum was collected for evaluation of cytokines known to regulate HSC. To determine HSC function, BM from EX and SED mice was transplanted into primary and secondary recipients in a BM transplant assay. EX increased HSC quantity in the vascular BM niche 20% vs. SED (P < 0.05) and increased the proportion of whole BM cells in G(2)/M phase of cell cycle (P < 0.05). The number of spleen colonies was 48% greater (P < 0.05) in recipients transplanted with BM from EX. Serum IL-6 levels were decreased 38% in EX, and differentiation along the lineage trended to increase (16%, P = 0.053 and 16%, P = 0.061, respectively). Short- or long-term engraftment and homing in primary recipients were not altered in EX. HSC self-renewal as analyzed by hematopoietic regeneration in secondary recipients was also unaffected by EX. Here we demonstrate that HSC quantity is increased in the BM niche associated with more activated, differentiated HSC, and that this expansion does not improve or impair HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Improvement of ginsenoside Rg1 on hematopoietic function in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 695:7-12. [PMID: 22940261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) on hematopoietic function of bone marrow in cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow depression mice. Mice were given cyclophosphamide (150mg/kg, i.p. for three days) to produce bone marrow depression. Rg1 was then administrated at 7.5 and 15mg/kg by i.p. for seven days. Bone marrow cells number was counted, and the percentage of hematopoietic stem cells (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+)) was quantified by flow cytometry. The histology of femoral bone was examined by H&E staining. The expression of calcium-sensing receptor mRNA was determined by the real time RT-PCR. Rg1 (7.5 and 15mg/kg) protected against cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow depression, as evidenced by increased bone marrow cell numbers and improved femoral bone morphology. The percentage of Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+) cells and lymphoid lineage CD3(+) cells were lower in cyclophosphamide group, but returned towards normal after Rg1 treatment in both bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. Expression of calcium-sensing receptor mRNA was increased in bone marrow cells on the 10th day after cyclophosphamide, but it was returned to normal level after Rg1 treatment. Rg1 alone did not produce these changes in normal mice. These results demonstrated that Rg1 improved hematopoietic function of bone marrow in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression.
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27
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DiPersio JF. New hope for mobilization failures . . . again. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011; 18:159-60. [PMID: 22192863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.12.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis,MO, USA.
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