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Hamada M, Varkoly KS, Riyadh O, Beladi R, Munuswamy-Ramanujam G, Rawls A, Wilson-Rawls J, Chen H, McFadden G, Lucas AR. Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) in Inflammation and Disease: A Unique Inflammatory Pathway Activator. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1167. [PMID: 38927374 PMCID: PMC11201033 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a unique protease binding receptor, now recognized as a key regulator of inflammation. Initially, uPA/uPAR was considered thrombolytic (clot-dissolving); however, recent studies have demonstrated its predominant immunomodulatory functions in inflammation and cancer. The uPA/uPAR complex has a multifaceted central role in both normal physiological and also pathological responses. uPAR is expressed as a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked receptor interacting with vitronectin, integrins, G protein-coupled receptors, and growth factor receptors within a large lipid raft. Through protein-to-protein interactions, cell surface uPAR modulates intracellular signaling, altering cellular adhesion and migration. The uPA/uPAR also modifies extracellular activity, activating plasminogen to form plasmin, which breaks down fibrin, dissolving clots and activating matrix metalloproteinases that lyse connective tissue, allowing immune and cancer cell invasion and releasing growth factors. uPAR is now recognized as a biomarker for inflammatory diseases and cancer; uPAR and soluble uPAR fragments (suPAR) are increased in viral sepsis (COVID-19), inflammatory bowel disease, and metastasis. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and current studies examining uPAR and suPAR as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Understanding uPAR is central to developing diagnostic markers and the ongoing development of antibody, small-molecule, nanogel, and virus-derived immune-modulating treatments that target uPAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Hamada
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; (M.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Kyle Steven Varkoly
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Macomb Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 1000 Harrington St., Mt Clemens, MI 48043, USA
| | - Omer Riyadh
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; (M.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Roxana Beladi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ascension Providence Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 16001 W Nine Mile Rd, Southfield, MI 48075, USA;
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy-Ramanujam
- Molecular Biology and Immunobiology Division, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India;
| | - Alan Rawls
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.R.); (J.W.-R.)
| | - Jeanne Wilson-Rawls
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.R.); (J.W.-R.)
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Tumor Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
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Du Q, Wu Y, Liao Y, Dong R, Shui S, Benjakul S, Zhang B. Investigation of the Alternations in the Muscle Quality of Swimming Crab ( Ovalipes punctatus) during Cold-Chain Transportation Using Physicochemical and TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11820-11835. [PMID: 38710668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Physicochemical properties and protein alterations in Ovalipes punctatus during cold-chain transportation were examined via sensory scores, water-holding capacity (WHC), glucose (GLU) content, catalase (CAT) activity, urea nitrogen (UN) content, and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis. The results revealed that sensory characteristics and texture of crab muscle deteriorated during transportation. Proteomic analysis revealed 442 and 470 different expressed proteins (DEPs) in crabs after 18 h (FC) and 36 h (DC) of transportation compared with live crabs (LC). Proteins related to muscle structure and amino acid metabolism significantly changed, as evidenced by the decreased WHC and sensory scores of crab muscle. Glycolysis, calcium signaling, and peroxisome pathways were upregulated in the FC/LC comparison, aligning with the changes in GLU content and CAT activity, revealing the stress response of energy metabolism and immune response in crabs during 0-18 h of transportation. The downregulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species pathways were correlated with the decreasing trend in CAT activity, suggesting a gradual retardation in both energy and antioxidant metabolism in crabs during 18-36 h of transportation. Furthermore, the regulated purine nucleoside metabolic and nucleoside diphosphate-related processes, with the increasing changes in UN content, revealed the accumulation of metabolites in crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Du
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yingru Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yueqin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Ruyi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Shanshan Shui
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Varkoly K, Beladi R, Hamada M, McFadden G, Irving J, Lucas AR. Viral SERPINS-A Family of Highly Potent Immune-Modulating Therapeutic Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1393. [PMID: 37759793 PMCID: PMC10526531 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors, SERPINS, are a highly conserved family of proteins that regulate serine proteases in the central coagulation and immune pathways, representing 2-10% of circulating proteins in the blood. Serine proteases form cascades of sequentially activated enzymes that direct thrombosis (clot formation) and thrombolysis (clot dissolution), complement activation in immune responses and also programmed cell death (apoptosis). Virus-derived serpins have co-evolved with mammalian proteases and serpins, developing into highly effective inhibitors of mammalian proteolytic pathways. Through interacting with extracellular and intracellular serine and cysteine proteases, viral serpins provide a new class of highly active virus-derived coagulation-, immune-, and apoptosis-modulating drug candidates. Viral serpins have unique characteristics: (1) function at micrograms per kilogram doses; (2) selectivity in targeting sites of protease activation; (3) minimal side effects at active concentrations; and (4) the demonstrated capacity to be modified, or fine-tuned, for altered protease targeting. To date, the virus-derived serpin class of biologics has proven effective in a wide range of animal models and in one clinical trial in patients with unstable coronary disease. Here, we outline the known viral serpins and review prior studies with viral serpins, considering their potential for application as new sources for immune-, coagulation-, and apoptosis-modulating therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Varkoly
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Macomb Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 1000 Harrington St., Mt Clemens, MI 48043, USA;
| | - Roxana Beladi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ascension Providence Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 16001 W Nine Mile Rd., Southfield, MI 48075, USA;
| | - Mostafa Hamada
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA;
- Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - James Irving
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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4
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Zhang L, Li Y(H, Kibler K, Kraberger S, Varsani A, Turk J, Elmadbouly N, Aliskevich E, Spaccarelli L, Estifanos B, Enow J, Zanetti IR, Saldevar N, Lim E, Schlievert J, Browder K, Wilson A, Juan FA, Pinteric A, Garg A, Monder H, Saju R, Gisriel S, Jacobs B, Karr TL, Florsheim EB, Kumar V, Wallen J, Rahman M, McFadden G, Hogue BG, Lucas AR. Viral anti-inflammatory serpin reduces immuno-coagulopathic pathology in SARS-CoV-2 mouse models of infection. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17376. [PMID: 37534622 PMCID: PMC10493584 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induces uncontrolled lung inflammation and coagulopathy with high mortality. Anti-viral drugs and monoclonal antibodies reduce early COVID-19 severity, but treatments for late-stage immuno-thrombotic syndromes and long COVID are limited. Serine protease inhibitors (SERPINS) regulate activated proteases. The myxoma virus-derived Serp-1 protein is a secreted immunomodulatory serpin that targets activated thrombotic, thrombolytic, and complement proteases as a self-defense strategy to combat clearance. Serp-1 is effective in multiple animal models of inflammatory lung disease and vasculitis. Here, we describe systemic treatment with purified PEGylated Serp-1 as a therapy for immuno-coagulopathic complications during ARDS. Treatment with PEGSerp-1 in two mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 models in C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice reduced lung and heart inflammation, with improved outcomes. PEGSerp-1 significantly reduced M1 macrophages in the lung and heart by modifying urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), thrombotic proteases, and complement membrane attack complex (MAC). Sequential changes in gene expression for uPAR and serpins (complement and plasminogen inhibitors) were observed. PEGSerp-1 is a highly effective immune-modulator with therapeutic potential for severe viral ARDS, immuno-coagulopathic responses, and Long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Yize (Henry) Li
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Karen Kibler
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- Center of Fundamental and Applied MicrobiomicsBiodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Center of Fundamental and Applied MicrobiomicsBiodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Julie Turk
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Nora Elmadbouly
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Emily Aliskevich
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Laurel Spaccarelli
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Bereket Estifanos
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Junior Enow
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Isabela Rivabem Zanetti
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Nicholas Saldevar
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Efrem Lim
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Center of Fundamental and Applied MicrobiomicsBiodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Jessika Schlievert
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Kyle Browder
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Anjali Wilson
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Fernando Arcos Juan
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Aubrey Pinteric
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Aman Garg
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Henna Monder
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Rohan Saju
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Savanah Gisriel
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Departments of Pathology & Lab MedicineYale‐New Haven HospitalNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Bertram Jacobs
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Timothy L Karr
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center & Proteomics Center, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Esther Borges Florsheim
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJUSA
| | | | - Masmudur Rahman
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Brenda G Hogue
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
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5
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Bandaru S, Ala C, Zhou AX, Akyürek LM. Filamin A Regulates Cardiovascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126555. [PMID: 34207234 PMCID: PMC8235345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNA) is a large actin-binding cytoskeletal protein that is important for cell motility by stabilizing actin networks and integrating them with cell membranes. Interestingly, a C-terminal fragment of FLNA can be cleaved off by calpain to stimulate adaptive angiogenesis by transporting multiple transcription factors into the nucleus. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that FLNA participates in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, in which the interaction of FLNA with transcription factors and/or cell signaling molecules dictate the function of vascular cells. Localized FLNA mutations associate with cardiovascular malformations in humans. A lack of FLNA in experimental animal models disrupts cell migration during embryogenesis and causes anomalies, including heart and vessels, similar to human malformations. More recently, it was shown that FLNA mediates the progression of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Thus, these latest findings identify FLNA as an important novel mediator of cardiovascular development and remodeling, and thus a potential target for therapy. In this update, we summarized the literature on filamin biology with regard to cardiovascular cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashidar Bandaru
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
| | - Chandu Ala
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
| | - Alex-Xianghua Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
| | - Levent M. Akyürek
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Maas C, de Maat S. Therapeutic SERPINs: Improving on Nature. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:648349. [PMID: 33869308 PMCID: PMC8044344 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.648349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases drive important physiological processes such as coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation and angiogenesis. These proteases are controlled by serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) that neutralize their activity. Currently, over 1,500 SERPINs are known in nature, but only 37 SERPINs are found in humans. Thirty of these are functional protease inhibitors. The inhibitory potential of SERPINs is in perfect balance with the proteolytic activities of its targets to enable physiological protease activity. Hence, SERPIN deficiency (either qualitative or quantitative) can lead to disease. Several SERPIN resupplementation strategies have been developed to treat SERPIN deficiencies, including concentrates derived from plasma and recombinant SERPINs. SERPINs usually inhibit multiple proteases, but only in their active state. Over the past decades, considerable insights have been acquired in the identification of SERPIN biological functions, their inhibitory mechanisms and specificity determinants. This paves the way for the development of therapeutic SERPINs. Through rational design, the inhibitory properties (selectivity and inhibitory potential) of SERPINs can be reformed and optimized. This review explores the current state of SERPIN engineering with a focus on reactive center loop modifications and backbone stabilization. We will discuss the lessons learned from these recombinant SERPINs and explore novel techniques and strategies that will be essential for the creation and application of the future generation of therapeutic SERPINs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Maas
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Steven de Maat
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Yaron JR, Zhang L, Guo Q, Haydel SE, Lucas AR. Fibrinolytic Serine Proteases, Therapeutic Serpins and Inflammation: Fire Dancers and Firestorms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:648947. [PMID: 33869309 PMCID: PMC8044766 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.648947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The making and breaking of clots orchestrated by the thrombotic and thrombolytic serine protease cascades are critical determinants of morbidity and mortality during infection and with vascular or tissue injury. Both the clot forming (thrombotic) and the clot dissolving (thrombolytic or fibrinolytic) cascades are composed of a highly sensitive and complex relationship of sequentially activated serine proteases and their regulatory inhibitors in the circulating blood. The proteases and inhibitors interact continuously throughout all branches of the cardiovascular system in the human body, representing one of the most abundant groups of proteins in the blood. There is an intricate interaction of the coagulation cascades with endothelial cell surface receptors lining the vascular tree, circulating immune cells, platelets and connective tissue encasing the arterial layers. Beyond their role in control of bleeding and clotting, the thrombotic and thrombolytic cascades initiate immune cell responses, representing a front line, "off-the-shelf" system for inducing inflammatory responses. These hemostatic pathways are one of the first response systems after injury with the fibrinolytic cascade being one of the earliest to evolve in primordial immune responses. An equally important contributor and parallel ancient component of these thrombotic and thrombolytic serine protease cascades are the serine protease inhibitors, termed serpins. Serpins are metastable suicide inhibitors with ubiquitous roles in coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as multiple central regulatory pathways throughout the body. Serpins are now known to also modulate the immune response, either via control of thrombotic and thrombolytic cascades or via direct effects on cellular phenotypes, among many other functions. Here we review the co-evolution of the thrombolytic cascade and the immune response in disease and in treatment. We will focus on the relevance of these recent advances in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a "respiratory" coronavirus that causes extensive cardiovascular pathogenesis, with microthrombi throughout the vascular tree, resulting in severe and potentially fatal coagulopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Qiuyun Guo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Shelley E. Haydel
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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8
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Guo Q, Yaron JR, Wallen JW, Browder KF, Boyd R, Olson TL, Burgin M, Ulrich P, Aliskevich E, Schutz LN, Fromme P, Zhang L, Lucas AR. PEGylated Serp-1 Markedly Reduces Pristane-Induced Experimental Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage, Altering uPAR Distribution, and Macrophage Invasion. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:633212. [PMID: 33665212 PMCID: PMC7921738 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.633212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is one of the most serious clinical complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The prevalence of DAH is reported to range from 1 to 5%, but while DAH is considered a rare complication there is a reported 50-80% mortality. There is at present no proven effective treatment for DAH and the therapeutics that have been tested have significant side effects. There is a clear necessity to discover new drugs to improve outcomes in DAH. Serine protease inhibitors, serpins, regulate thrombotic and thrombolytic protease cascades. We are investigating a Myxomavirus derived immune modulating serpin, Serp-1, as a new class of immune modulating therapeutics for vasculopathy and lung hemorrhage. Serp-1 has proven efficacy in models of herpes virus-induced arterial inflammation (vasculitis) and lung hemorrhage and has also proved safe in a clinical trial in patients with unstable coronary syndromes and stent implant. Here, we examine Serp-1, both as a native secreted protein expressed by CHO cells and as a polyethylene glycol modified (PEGylated) variant (Serp-1m5), for potential therapy in DAH. DAH was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of pristane in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Mice were treated with 100 ng/g bodyweight of either Serp-1 as native 55 kDa secreted glycoprotein, or as Serp-1m5, or saline controls after inducing DAH. Treatments were repeated daily for 14 days (6 mice/group). Serp-1 partially and Serp-1m5 significantly reduced pristane-induced DAH when compared with saline as assessed by gross pathology and H&E staining (Serp-1, p = 0.2172; Serp-1m5, p = 0.0252). Both Serp-1m5 and Serp-1 treatment reduced perivascular inflammation and reduced M1 macrophage (Serp-1, p = 0.0350; Serp-1m5, p = 0.0053), hemosiderin-laden macrophage (Serp-1, p = 0.0370; Serp-1m5, p = 0.0424) invasion, and complement C5b/9 staining. Extracellular urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor positive (uPAR+) clusters were significantly reduced (Serp-1, p = 0.0172; Serp-1m5, p = 0.0025). Serp-1m5 also increased intact uPAR+ alveoli in the lung (p = 0.0091). In conclusion, Serp-1m5 significantly reduces lung damage and hemorrhage in a pristane model of SLE DAH, providing a new potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Guo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jordan R Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - John W Wallen
- Exalt Therapeutics LLC, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Kyle F Browder
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Ryan Boyd
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Tien L Olson
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Michelle Burgin
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Peaches Ulrich
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Emily Aliskevich
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Lauren N Schutz
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Petra Fromme
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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9
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Kwiecien JM, Zhang L, Yaron JR, Schutz LN, Kwiecien-Delaney CJ, Awo EA, Burgin M, Dabrowski W, Lucas AR. Local Serpin Treatment via Chitosan-Collagen Hydrogel after Spinal Cord Injury Reduces Tissue Damage and Improves Neurologic Function. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1221. [PMID: 32340262 PMCID: PMC7230793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in massive secondary damage characterized by a prolonged inflammation with phagocytic macrophage invasion and tissue destruction. In prior work, sustained subdural infusion of anti-inflammatory compounds reduced neurological deficits and reduced pro-inflammatory cell invasion at the site of injury leading to improved outcomes. We hypothesized that implantation of a hydrogel loaded with an immune modulating biologic drug, Serp-1, for sustained delivery after crush-induced SCI would have an effective anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect. Rats with dorsal column SCI crush injury, implanted with physical chitosan-collagen hydrogels (CCH) had severe granulomatous infiltration at the site of the dorsal column injury, which accumulated excess edema at 28 days post-surgery. More pronounced neuroprotective changes were observed with high dose (100 µg/50 µL) Serp-1 CCH implanted rats, but not with low dose (10 µg/50 µL) Serp-1 CCH. Rats treated with Serp-1 CCH implants also had improved motor function up to 20 days with recovery of neurological deficits attributed to inhibition of inflammation-associated tissue damage. In contrast, prolonged low dose Serp-1 infusion with chitosan did not improve recovery. Intralesional implantation of hydrogel for sustained delivery of the Serp-1 immune modulating biologic offers a neuroprotective treatment of acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek M. Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (J.R.Y.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Jordan R. Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (J.R.Y.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Lauren N. Schutz
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (J.R.Y.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Enkidia A. Awo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (J.R.Y.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Michelle Burgin
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (J.R.Y.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Wojciech Dabrowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (J.R.Y.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.)
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10
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Yaron JR, Zhang L, Guo Q, Burgin M, Schutz LN, Awo E, Wise L, Krause KL, Ildefonso CJ, Kwiecien JM, Juby M, Rahman MM, Chen H, Moyer RW, Alcami A, McFadden G, Lucas AR. Deriving Immune Modulating Drugs from Viruses-A New Class of Biologics. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E972. [PMID: 32244484 PMCID: PMC7230489 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are widely used as a platform for the production of therapeutics. Vaccines containing live, dead and components of viruses, gene therapy vectors and oncolytic viruses are key examples of clinically-approved therapeutic uses for viruses. Despite this, the use of virus-derived proteins as natural sources for immune modulators remains in the early stages of development. Viruses have evolved complex, highly effective approaches for immune evasion. Originally developed for protection against host immune responses, viral immune-modulating proteins are extraordinarily potent, often functioning at picomolar concentrations. These complex viral intracellular parasites have "performed the R&D", developing highly effective immune evasive strategies over millions of years. These proteins provide a new and natural source for immune-modulating therapeutics, similar in many ways to penicillin being developed from mold or streptokinase from bacteria. Virus-derived serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), chemokine modulating proteins, complement control, inflammasome inhibition, growth factors (e.g., viral vascular endothelial growth factor) and cytokine mimics (e.g., viral interleukin 10) and/or inhibitors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor) have now been identified that target central immunological response pathways. We review here current development of virus-derived immune-modulating biologics with efficacy demonstrated in pre-clinical or clinical studies, focusing on pox and herpesviruses-derived immune-modulating therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Qiuyun Guo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Michelle Burgin
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Lauren N. Schutz
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Enkidia Awo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Lyn Wise
- University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (L.W.); (K.L.K.)
| | - Kurt L. Krause
- University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (L.W.); (K.L.K.)
| | | | - Jacek M. Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Michael Juby
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Masmudur M. Rahman
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Hao Chen
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Richard W. Moyer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Antonio Alcami
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
- St Joseph Hospital, Dignity Health, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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11
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Yaron JR, Ambadapadi S, Zhang L, Chavan RN, Tibbetts SA, Keinan S, Varsani A, Maldonado J, Kraberger S, Tafoya AM, Bullard WL, Kilbourne J, Stern-Harbutte A, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Munk BH, Koppang EO, Lim ES, Lucas AR. Immune protection is dependent on the gut microbiome in a lethal mouse gammaherpesviral infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2371. [PMID: 32047224 PMCID: PMC7012916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunopathogenesis in systemic viral infections can induce a septic state with leaky capillary syndrome, disseminated coagulopathy, and high mortality with limited treatment options. Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) intraperitoneal infection is a gammaherpesvirus model for producing severe vasculitis, colitis and lethal hemorrhagic pneumonia in interferon gamma receptor-deficient (IFNγR-/-) mice. In prior work, treatment with myxomavirus-derived Serp-1 or a derivative peptide S-7 (G305TTASSDTAITLIPR319) induced immune protection, reduced disease severity and improved survival after MHV-68 infection. Here, we investigate the gut bacterial microbiome in MHV-68 infection. Antibiotic suppression markedly accelerated MHV-68 pathology causing pulmonary consolidation and hemorrhage, increased mortality and specific modification of gut microbiota. Serp-1 and S-7 reduced pulmonary pathology and detectable MHV-68 with increased CD3 and CD8 cells. Treatment efficacy was lost after antibiotic treatments with associated specific changes in the gut bacterial microbiota. In summary, transkingdom host-virus-microbiome interactions in gammaherpesvirus infection influences gammaherpesviral infection severity and reduces immune modulating therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Sriram Ambadapadi
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ramani N Chavan
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Scott A Tibbetts
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shahar Keinan
- Cloud Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center of Evolution and Medicine Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Juan Maldonado
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- KED Genomics Core, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Amanda M Tafoya
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Whitney L Bullard
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Alison Stern-Harbutte
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Barbara H Munk
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Erling O Koppang
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Efrem S Lim
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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12
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Zhang L, Yaron JR, Tafoya AM, Wallace SE, Kilbourne J, Haydel S, Rege K, McFadden G, Lucas AR. A Virus-Derived Immune Modulating Serpin Accelerates Wound Closure with Improved Collagen Remodeling. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101626. [PMID: 31590323 PMCID: PMC6832452 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous treatments have been developed to promote wound healing based on current understandings of the healing process. Hemorrhaging, clotting, and associated inflammation regulate early wound healing. We investigated treatment with a virus-derived immune modulating serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN), Serp-1, which inhibits thrombolytic proteases and inflammation, in a mouse excisional wound model. Saline or recombinant Serp-1 were applied directly to wounds as single doses of 1 μg or 2 µg or as two 1 µg boluses. A chitosan-collagen hydrogel was also tested for Serp-1 delivery. Wound size was measured daily for 15 days and scarring assessed by Masson’s trichrome, Herovici’s staining, and immune cell dynamics and angiogenesis by immunohistochemistry. Serp-1 treatment significantly accelerated wound healing, but was blocked by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR) antibody. Repeated dosing at a lower concentration was more effective than single high-dose serpin. A single application of Serp-1-loaded chitosan-collagen hydrogel was as effective as repeated aqueous Serp-1 dosing. Serp-1 treatment of wounds increased arginase-1-expressing M2-polarized macrophage counts and periwound angiogenesis in the wound bed. Collagen staining also demonstrated that Serp-1 improves collagen maturation and organization at the wound site. Serp-1 has potential as a safe and effective immune modulating treatment that targets thrombolytic proteases, accelerating healing and reducing scar in deep cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Jordan R Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Amanda M Tafoya
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Sarah E Wallace
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Shelley Haydel
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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13
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Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Ameliorates Pristane Induced Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Mice. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091341. [PMID: 31470606 PMCID: PMC6780888 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a fatal complication in patients with lupus. DAH can be induced in B6 mice by an intraperitoneal injection of pristane. Since human alpha-1-antitrypsin (hAAT) is an anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory protein, we investigated the protective effect of hAAT against pristane-induced DAH in B6 mice and hAAT transgenic (hAAT-Tg) mice. We first showed that hAAT Tg expression lowers TNF-α production in B cells, as well as CD4+ T cells in untreated mice. Conversely, the frequency of regulatory CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25-IL-10+ cells was significantly higher in hAAT-Tg than in B6 mice. This confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of hAAT that was observed even at steady state. One week after a pristane injection, the frequency of peritoneal Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils in hAAT-Tg mice was significantly lower than that in B6 mice. Importantly, pristane-induced DAH was completely prevented in hAAT-Tg mice and this was associated with a modulation of anti- to pro-inflammatory myeloid cell ratio/balance. We also showed that treatment with hAAT decreased the severity of DAH in B6 mice. These results showed for the first time that hAAT has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of DAH.
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14
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Lucas A, Yaron JR, Zhang L, Macaulay C, McFadden G. Serpins: Development for Therapeutic Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1826:255-265. [PMID: 30194606 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8645-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors, or serpins, function as central regulators for many vital processes in the mammalian body, maintaining homeostasis for clot formation and breakdown, immune responses, lung function, and hormone or central nervous system activity, among many others. When serine protease activity or serpin-mediated regulation becomes unbalanced or dysfunctional, then severe disease states and pathogenesis can ensue. With serpinopathies, genetic mutations lead to inactive serpins or protein aggregation with loss of function. With other disorders, such as sepsis, atherosclerosis, cancer, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome, the thrombotic and thrombolytic cascades and/or inflammatory responses become unbalanced, with excess bleeding and clotting and upregulation of adverse immune responses. Returning overall balance can be engineered through introduction of a beneficial serpin replacement as a therapeutic or through blockade of serpins that are detrimental. Several drugs have been developed and are currently in use and/or in development both to replace dysfunctional serpins and to block adverse effects induced by aberrant protease or serpin actions.With this chapter, we provide a general overview of the development of a virus-derived serpin, Serp-1, and serpin reactive center loop (RCL) peptides, as therapeutics. Serp-1 is a virus-derived serpin developed as a new class of immune modulator. We will use the development of Serp-1 as a general introduction to serpin-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Jordan R Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Colin Macaulay
- CGMBio Consulting, TechAlliance of Southwestern Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, USA
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15
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Anti-Inflammatory Treatment. Coron Artery Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811908-2.00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Ambadapadi S, Munuswamy-Ramanujam G, Zheng D, Sullivan C, Dai E, Morshed S, McFadden B, Feldman E, Pinard M, McKenna R, Tibbetts S, Lucas A. Reactive Center Loop (RCL) Peptides Derived from Serpins Display Independent Coagulation and Immune Modulating Activities. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2874-87. [PMID: 26620556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serpins regulate coagulation and inflammation, binding serine proteases in suicide-inhibitory complexes. Target proteases cleave the serpin reactive center loop scissile P1-P1' bond, resulting in serpin-protease suicide-inhibitory complexes. This inhibition requires a near full-length serpin sequence. Myxomavirus Serp-1 inhibits thrombolytic and thrombotic proteases, whereas mammalian neuroserpin (NSP) inhibits only thrombolytic proteases. Both serpins markedly reduce arterial inflammation and plaque in rodent models after single dose infusion. In contrast, Serp-1 but not NSP improves survival in a lethal murine gammaherpesvirus68 (MHV68) infection in interferon γ-receptor-deficient mice (IFNγR(-/-)). Serp-1 has also been successfully tested in a Phase 2a clinical trial. We postulated that proteolytic cleavage of the reactive center loop produces active peptide derivatives with expanded function. Eight peptides encompassing predicted protease cleavage sites for Serp-1 and NSP were synthesized and tested for inhibitory function in vitro and in vivo. In engrafted aorta, selected peptides containing Arg or Arg-Asn, not Arg-Met, with a 0 or +1 charge, significantly reduced plaque. Conversely, S-6 a hydrophobic peptide of NSP, lacking Arg or Arg-Asn with -4 charge, induced early thrombosis and mortality. S-1 and S-6 also significantly reduced CD11b(+) monocyte counts in mouse splenocytes. S-1 peptide had increased efficacy in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 serpin-deficient transplants. Plaque reduction correlated with mononuclear cell activation. In a separate study, Serp-1 peptide S-7 improved survival in the MHV68 vasculitis model, whereas an inverse S-7 peptide was inactive. Reactive center peptides derived from Serp-1 and NSP with suitable charge and hydrophobicity have the potential to extend immunomodulatory functions of serpins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Ambadapadi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy-Ramanujam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Interdisciplinary Institute of the Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Donghang Zheng
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Colin Sullivan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Erbin Dai
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sufi Morshed
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Baron McFadden
- the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608 and
| | - Emily Feldman
- the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608 and
| | - Melissa Pinard
- the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608 and
| | - Robert McKenna
- the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608 and
| | - Scott Tibbetts
- the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608 and
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608 and
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Khan R, Spagnoli V, Tardif JC, L'Allier PL. Novel anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:497-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lucas AR, Verma RK, Dai E, Liu L, Chen H, Kesavalu S, Rivera M, Velsko I, Ambadapadi S, Chukkapalli S, Kesavalu L. Myxomavirus anti-inflammatory chemokine binding protein reduces the increased plaque growth induced by chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis oral infection after balloon angioplasty aortic injury in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111353. [PMID: 25354050 PMCID: PMC4213024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic occlusion of inflammatory plaque in coronary arteries causes myocardial infarction. Treatment with emergent balloon angioplasty (BA) and stent implant improves survival, but restenosis (regrowth) can occur. Periodontal bacteremia is closely associated with inflammation and native arterial atherosclerosis, with potential to increase restenosis. Two virus-derived anti-inflammatory proteins, M-T7 and Serp-1, reduce inflammation and plaque growth after BA and transplant in animal models through separate pathways. M-T7 is a broad spectrum C, CC and CXC chemokine-binding protein. Serp-1 is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) inhibiting thrombotic and thrombolytic pathways. Serp-1 also reduces arterial inflammation and improves survival in a mouse herpes virus (MHV68) model of lethal vasculitis. In addition, Serp-1 demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with unstable coronary disease and stent implant, reducing markers of myocardial damage. We investigate here the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, on restenosis after BA and the effects of blocking chemokine and protease pathways with M-T7 and Serp-1. ApoE−/− mice had aortic BA and oral P. gingivalis infection. Arterial plaque growth was examined at 24 weeks with and without anti-inflammatory protein treatment. Dental plaques from mice infected with P. gingivalis tested positive for infection. Neither Serp-1 nor M-T7 treatment reduced infection, but IgG antibody levels in mice treated with Serp-1 and M-T7 were reduced. P. gingivalis significantly increased monocyte invasion and arterial plaque growth after BA (P<0.025). Monocyte invasion and plaque growth were blocked by M-T7 treatment (P<0.023), whereas Serp-1 produced only a trend toward reductions. Both proteins modified expression of TLR4 and MyD88. In conclusion, aortic plaque growth in ApoE−/− mice increased after angioplasty in mice with chronic oral P. gingivalis infection. Blockade of chemokines, but not serine proteases significantly reduced arterial plaque growth, suggesting a central role for chemokine-mediated inflammation after BA in P. gingivalis infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Lucas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AL); (LK)
| | - Raj K. Verma
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erbin Dai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Liying Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hao Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sheela Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Rivera
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Irina Velsko
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sriram Ambadapadi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sasanka Chukkapalli
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lakshmyya Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AL); (LK)
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Zhao R, Le K, Li W, Ren S, Moghadasian MH, Beta T, Shen GX. Effects of Saskatoon berry powder on monocyte adhesion to vascular wall of leptin receptor-deficient diabetic mice. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:851-7. [PMID: 24925752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Monocyte adhesion is an early event for atherogenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that dark-skin berries had cardiovascular protective effects. We hypothesize that Saskatoon berry (SB) powder may reduce monocyte adhesion in leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) diabetic mice. METHODS Wild-type and db/db mice were fed with chow or supplemented with SB powder. Anthocyanins in SB powder were identified using mass spectrometry. Mouse monocytes were incubated with mouse aorta. Monocyte adhesion was counted under microscopy. Inflammatory or metabolic markers in blood or tissue were analyzed using immunological or biochemical methods. RESULTS SB powder significantly reduced monocyte adhesion to aorta from diabetic db/db mice compared to regular chow. The increased monocyte adhesion to aorta was normalized in db/db mice treated with ≥5% of SB powder for 4 weeks. Increased contents of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) oxidase-4, heat shock factor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, P-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and urokinase plasminogen activator in aorta or heart apex, elevated plasma PAI-1 and MCP-1 were detected in db/db mice on chow compared to wild-type mice on the same diet; 5% SB powder inhibited the increases of inflammatory, fibrinolytic or stress regulators in aorta or heart apex of db/db mice. Monocyte adhesion positively correlated with blood glucose, cholesterol, body weight, heart MCP-1, PAI-1 or ICAM-1. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that SB powder attenuated monocyte adhesion to aorta of db/db mice, which was potentially mediated through inhibiting the inflammatory, stress and/or fibrinolyic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhi Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Physiology; Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Khuong Le
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences
| | - Wende Li
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Song Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Physiology
| | | | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Chen H, Zheng D, Abbott J, Liu L, Bartee MY, Long M, Davids J, Williams J, Feldmann H, Strong J, Grau KR, Tibbetts S, Macaulay C, McFadden G, Thoburn R, Lomas DA, Spinale FG, Virgin HW, Lucas A. Myxomavirus-derived serpin prolongs survival and reduces inflammation and hemorrhage in an unrelated lethal mouse viral infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4114-27. [PMID: 23774438 PMCID: PMC3754305 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02594-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lethal viral infections produce widespread inflammation with vascular leak, clotting, and bleeding (disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC]), organ failure, and high mortality. Serine proteases in clot-forming (thrombotic) and clot-dissolving (thrombolytic) cascades are activated by an inflammatory cytokine storm and also can induce systemic inflammation with loss of normal serine protease inhibitor (serpin) regulation. Myxomavirus secretes a potent anti-inflammatory serpin, Serp-1, that inhibits clotting factor X (fX) and thrombolytic tissue- and urokinase-type plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA) with anti-inflammatory activity in multiple animal models. Purified serpin significantly improved survival in a murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) infection in gamma interferon receptor (IFN-γR) knockout mice, a model for lethal inflammatory vasculitis. Treatment of MHV68-infected mice with neuroserpin, a mammalian serpin that inhibits only tPA and uPA, was ineffective. Serp-1 reduced virus load, lung hemorrhage, and aortic, lung, and colon inflammation in MHV68-infected mice and also reduced virus load. Neuroserpin suppressed a wide range of immune spleen cell responses after MHV68 infection, while Serp-1 selectively increased CD11c(+) splenocytes (macrophage and dendritic cells) and reduced CD11b(+) tissue macrophages. Serp-1 altered gene expression for coagulation and inflammatory responses, whereas neuroserpin did not. Serp-1 treatment was assessed in a second viral infection, mouse-adapted Zaire ebolavirus in wild-type BALB/c mice, with improved survival and reduced tissue necrosis. In summary, treatment with this unique myxomavirus-derived serpin suppresses systemic serine protease and innate immune responses caused by unrelated lethal viral infections (both RNA and DNA viruses), providing a potential new therapeutic approach for treatment of lethal viral sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
| | - Donghang Zheng
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
| | - Jeff Abbott
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Liying Liu
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
| | - Mee Y. Bartee
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
| | - Maureen Long
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer Davids
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
| | | | - Heinz Feldmann
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James Strong
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Grant McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- Viron Therapeutics, Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Thoburn
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
| | - David A. Lomas
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francis G. Spinale
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, South Carolina, USA
| | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- Viron Therapeutics, Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Zheng D, Chen H, Bartee MY, Williams J, Davids JA, Lomas DA, McFadden G, Lucas AR. Myxomaviral Anti-Inflammatory Serpin Reduces Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:291-299. [PMID: 25798214 PMCID: PMC4367486 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the tumor microenvironment by inflammatory cells represents a newly recognized driving force in cancer with critical roles in tumor invasion, growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Increased thrombolytic cascade serine proteases, specifically urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor, correlate with inflammatory cell migration, pancreatic cancer growth, invasion and unfavorable outcomes. Inflammation in pancreatic cancer is linked with myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) activity and cancer progression. Myxomavirus is a complex DNA virus encoding highly potent immune modulators. Serp-1 and M-T7 are two such secreted anti-inflammatory myxomaviral proteins. Serp-1 inhibits uPA, plasmin and coagulation factor X while M-T7 inhibits C, CC, and CXC chemokines. We have explored the potential use of these viral proteins for treatment of a range of human cancer isolates engrafted in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Engrafted tumors were treated with either Serp-1, neuroserpin, a related mammalian serpin that inhibits thrombolytic proteases, or M-T7. Serp-1 and neuroserpin inhibited growth of the pancreatic cancer cell line Hs766t (P=0.03 and P=0.01, respectively) at 4 weeks after implantation. Serp-1 also inhibited growth of a second pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 in mice (P=0.02). Growth of the human breast cancer line MDA231 was not inhibited by Serp-1. M-T7, in contrast, did not alter growth of any of the cancer cell lines tested after implant into SCID mice. Serpin inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth was associated with a significant decrease in splenocyte MDSC counts by flow cytometry (P=0.009), without detected change in other splenocyte subpopulations. Serp-1 and NSP treatment also significantly reduced macrophage infiltration in tumors (P=0.001). In summary two anti-inflammatory serpins reduced inflammatory macrophage invasion and pancreatic tumor cell growth, suggesting potential therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mee Y Bartee
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Grant McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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22
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Viswanathan K, Bot I, Liu L, Dai E, Turner PC, Togonu-Bickersteth B, Richardson J, Davids JA, Williams JM, Bartee MY, Chen H, van Berkel TJC, Biessen EAL, Moyer RW, Lucas AR. Viral cross-class serpin inhibits vascular inflammation and T lymphocyte fratricide; a study in rodent models in vivo and human cell lines in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44694. [PMID: 23049756 PMCID: PMC3458838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poxviruses express highly active inhibitors, including serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), designed to target host immune defense pathways. Recent work has demonstrated clinical efficacy for a secreted, myxomaviral serpin, Serp-1, which targets the thrombotic and thrombolytic proteases, suggesting that other viral serpins may have therapeutic application. Serp-2 and CrmA are intracellular cross-class poxviral serpins, with entirely distinct functions from the Serp-1 protein. Serp-2 and CrmA block the serine protease granzyme B (GzmB) and cysteine proteases, caspases 1 and 8, in apoptotic pathways, but have not been examined for extracellular anti-inflammatory activity. We examined the ability of these cross-class serpins to inhibit plaque growth after arterial damage or transplant and to reduce leukocyte apoptosis. We observed that purified Serp-2, but not CrmA, given as a systemic infusion after angioplasty, transplant, or cuff-compression injury markedly reduced plaque growth in mouse and rat models in vivo. Plaque growth was inhibited both locally at sites of surgical trauma, angioplasty or transplant, and systemically at non-injured sites in ApoE-deficient hyperlipidemic mice. With analysis in vitro of human cells in culture, Serp-2 selectively inhibited T cell caspase activity and blocked cytotoxic T cell (CTL) mediated killing of T lymphocytes (termed fratricide). Conversely, both Serp-2 and CrmA inhibited monocyte apoptosis. Serp-2 inhibitory activity was significantly compromised either in vitro with GzmB antibody or in vivo in ApoE/GzmB double knockout mice. Conclusions The viral cross-class serpin, Serp-2, that targets both apoptotic and inflammatory pathways, reduces vascular inflammation in a GzmB-dependent fashion in vivo, and inhibits human T cell apoptosis in vitro. These findings indicate that therapies targeting Granzyme B and/or T cell apoptosis may be used to inhibit T lymphocyte apoptosis and inflammation in response to arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- University of Maastracht, Maastracht, The Netherlands
| | - Liying Liu
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Robarts' Research Institute, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erbin Dai
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Robarts' Research Institute, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Peter C. Turner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Babajide Togonu-Bickersteth
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Robarts' Research Institute, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jakob Richardson
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Robarts' Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Davids
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Williams
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mee Y. Bartee
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Theo J. C. van Berkel
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- University of Maastracht, Maastracht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- University of Maastracht, Maastracht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W. Moyer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Robarts' Research Institute, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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23
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Zheng D, Chen H, Bartee MY, Williams J, Davids JA, Huang E, Moreb J, Lucas A. Virus-derived anti-inflammatory proteins: potential therapeutics for cancer. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:304-10. [PMID: 22554906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses now have a defined central role in cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastases. Anti-inflammatory proteins from viruses target key stages in immune response pathways and have potential as novel therapeutics for cancer, including highly potent virus-derived inhibitors of protease, chemokine, cytokine, and apoptotic cascades that have been identified. Serine proteases, in addition to their conventional roles in thrombosis, thrombolysis, and apoptotic pathways, are essential regulators of inflammation and are associated with developing cancers. Chemokines drive other inflammatory response pathways with central roles in cell invasion and activation as well as establishing the microenvironment of tumors, modulating immune cell infiltration, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action and potential for application of viral immunomodulatory proteins as anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, USA
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24
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Chen H, Zheng D, Davids J, Bartee MY, Dai E, Liu L, Petrov L, Macaulay C, Thoburn R, Sobel E, Moyer R, McFadden G, Lucas A. Viral serpin therapeutics from concept to clinic. Methods Enzymol 2011; 499:301-29. [PMID: 21683260 PMCID: PMC3558843 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386471-0.00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 19 years, we have developed a novel myxoma virus-derived anti-inflammatory serine protease inhibitor, termed a serpin, as a new class of immunomodulatory therapeutic. This review will describe the initial identification of viral serpins with anti-inflammatory potential, beginning with preclinical analysis of viral pathogenesis and proceeding to cell and molecular target analyses, and successful clinical trial. The central aim of this review is to describe the development of two serpins, Serp-1 and Serp-2, as a new class of immune modulating drug, from inception to implementation. We begin with an overview of the approaches used for successful mining of the virus for potential serpin immunomodulators in viruses. We then provide a methodological overview of one inflammatory animal model used to test for serpin anti-inflammatory activity followed by methods used to identify cells in the inflammatory response system targeted by these serpins and molecular responses to serpin treatment. Finally, we provide an overview of our findings from a recent, successful clinical trial of the secreted myxomaviral serpin, Serp-1, in patients with unstable inflammatory coronary arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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25
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Leopold JA. Viral-derived Serp-1 as an adjunctive therapy for percutaneous coronary intervention: another not ready for prime time player? Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:528-30. [PMID: 21156927 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.110.959684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Tardif JC, L'Allier PL, Grégoire J, Ibrahim R, McFadden G, Kostuk W, Knudtson M, Labinaz M, Waksman R, Pepine CJ, Macaulay C, Guertin MC, Lucas A. A randomized controlled, phase 2 trial of the viral serpin Serp-1 in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:543-8. [PMID: 21062996 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.110.953885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular inflammation can lead to plaque instability and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Viruses produce potent immunomodulating proteins that regulate key inflammatory pathways. A myxoma virus-derived serpin Serp-1 reduces inflammatory cell invasion and plaque growth in vascular injury models. Our objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Serp-1 in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS This double-blind pilot trial included 48 ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention randomly assigned to Serp-1 at doses of 5 μg/kg (n=19) or 15 μg/kg (n=17) or to placebo (n=12). Serp-1 was given by intravenous bolus immediately before intervention and 24 and 48 hours later. Patients were assessed for safety (primary objective) and efficacy outcomes, including biomarker analysis. In-stent neointimal hyperplasia was evaluated by intravascular ultrasound at 6 months. Key safety outcomes including coagulation parameters and adverse events did not differ between Serp-1 and placebo groups. A dose-dependent reduction in troponin I levels was observed with Serp-1 at 8, 16, 24, and 54 hours (P<0.05) and in creatine kinase-MB levels at 8, 16, and 24 hours after dose (P<0.05). The composite of death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization occurred in 2 of 12 patients with placebo, 5 of 19 in the low-dose group, and none of 17 patients with the high-dose (P=0.058). Intravascular ultrasound did not detect changes in neointimal hyperplasia among groups. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of a viral serpin demonstrating its safety in ACS patients. The significant reduction in myocardial damage biomarkers supports further assessment of Serp-1 in ACS patients undergoing stent deployment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00243308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Liu J, Wennier S, McFadden G. The immunoregulatory properties of oncolytic myxoma virus and their implications in therapeutics. Microbes Infect 2010; 12:1144-52. [PMID: 20832500 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a poxvirus with a strict rabbit-specific host-tropism for pathogenesis. The immunoregulatory factors encoded by MYXV can suppress some functions of immune effectors from other species. We review their mechanisms of action, implications in therapeutics and the potential to improve MYXV as an oncolytic agent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, P.O. box 100266, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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28
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Abstract
Among the microorganisms that cause diseases of medical or veterinary importance, the only group that is entirely dependent on the host, and hence not easily amenable to therapy via pharmaceuticals, is the viruses. Since viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens, and therefore depend a great deal on cellular processes, direct therapy of viral infections is difficult. Thus, modifying or targeting nonspecific or specific immune responses is an important aspect of intervention of ongoing viral infections. However, as a result of the unavailability of effective vaccines and the extended duration of manifestation, chronic viral infections are the most suitable for immunotherapies. We present an overview of various immunological strategies that have been applied for treating viral infections after exposure to the infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra R Hegde
- Bharat Biotech Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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29
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Odom MR, Hendrickson RC, Lefkowitz EJ. Poxvirus protein evolution: family wide assessment of possible horizontal gene transfer events. Virus Res 2009; 144:233-49. [PMID: 19464330 PMCID: PMC2779260 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the evolutionary origins of proteins encoded by the Poxviridae family of viruses, we examined all poxvirus protein coding genes using a method of characterizing and visualizing the similarity between these proteins and taxonomic subsets of proteins in GenBank. Our analysis divides poxvirus proteins into categories based on their relative degree of similarity to two different taxonomic subsets of proteins such as all eukaryote vs. all virus (except poxvirus) proteins. As an example, this allows us to identify, based on high similarity to only eukaryote proteins, poxvirus proteins that may have been obtained by horizontal transfer from their hosts. Although this method alone does not definitively prove horizontal gene transfer, it allows us to provide an assessment of the possibility of horizontal gene transfer for every poxvirus protein. Potential candidates can then be individually studied in more detail during subsequent investigation. Results of our analysis demonstrate that in general, proteins encoded by members of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae exhibit greater similarity to eukaryote proteins than to proteins of other virus families. In addition, our results reiterate the important role played by host gene capture in poxvirus evolution; highlight the functions of many genes poxviruses share with their hosts; and illustrate which host-like genes are present uniquely in poxviruses and which are also present in other virus families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Odom
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA
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