1
|
Duarte M, Pedrosa SS, Khusial PR, Madureira AR. Exploring the interplay between stress mediators and skin microbiota in shaping age-related hallmarks: A review. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111956. [PMID: 38906383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major contributing factor to several health problems (e.g., depression, cardiovascular disease). Around 35 % of the world's population suffers from it, including younger generations. Physiologically, stress manifests through neuroendocrine pathways (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary (SAM) system) which culminate in the production of stress mediators like cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Stress and its mediators have been associated to body aging, through molecular mechanisms such as telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis, among others. Regarding its impact in the skin, stress impacts its structural integrity and physiological function. Despite this review focusing on several hallmarks of aging, emphasis was placed on skin microbiota dysbiosis. In this line, several studies, comprising different age groups, demographic contexts and body sites, have reported skin microbiota alterations associated with aging, and some effects of stress mediators on skin microbiota have also been reviewed in this paper. From a different perspective, since it is not a "traditional" stress mediator, oxytocin, a cortisol antagonist, has been related to glucorticoids inhibition and to display positive effects on cellular aging. This hormone dysregulation has been associated to psychological issues such as depression, whereas its upregulation has been linked to positive social interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Duarte
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - P Raaj Khusial
- Amyris Biotech INC, 5885 Hollis St Ste 100, Emeryville, CA 94608-2405, USA
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
An Altered Skin and Gut Microbiota Are Involved in the Modulation of Itch in Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233930. [PMID: 36497188 PMCID: PMC9736894 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin and gut microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). An alteration of the microbiota diversity modulates the development and course of AD, e.g., decreased microbiome diversity correlates with disease severity, particularly in lesional skin of AD. Itch is a hallmark of AD with unsatisfying treatment until now. Recent evidence suggests a possible role of microbiota in altering itch in AD through gut-skin-brain interactions. The microbial metabolites, proinflammatory cytokines, and impaired immune response lead to a modulation of histamine-independent itch, disruption of epidermal barrier, and central sensitization of itch mechanisms. The positive impact of probiotics in alleviating itch in AD supports this hypothesis, which may lead to novel strategies for managing itchy skin in AD patients. This review summarizes the emerging findings on the correlation between an altered microbiota and gut-skin-brain axis in AD, especially in modulating itchy skin.
Collapse
|
3
|
Besedin D, Turner BJ, Deo P, Lopes MDB, Williams CR. Effect of captivity and water salinity on culture-dependent frog skin microbiota and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd) infection. T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2086358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darislav Besedin
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brandon J. Turner
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Permal Deo
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miguel De Barros Lopes
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Craig R. Williams
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oroian BA, Ciobica A, Timofte D, Stefanescu C, Serban IL. New Metabolic, Digestive, and Oxidative Stress-Related Manifestations Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5599265. [PMID: 34966477 PMCID: PMC8712172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5599265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a pressing and generally invalidating syndrome that is triggered by a terrifying or stressful experience, relying on recurrently reliving the traumatic event feelings associated to it, which is subsequently linked to ongoing activations of stress-related neurobiological pathways and is often associated with neurodegeneration. In this paper, we examine what lies beneath this disorder, reviewing evidence that connects PTSD with a wide array of mechanisms and its intertwined pathways that can lead to the decompensation of different pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal ailments, autoimmune disorders, and endocrine diseases. Also, the significance of the oxidative stress in this frame of reference is debated. Thus, knowing and identifying the main features of the distressing experience, the circumstances around it, as well as the neuropsychological and emotional characteristics of people prone to develop PTSD after going through disturbing incidents can offer an opportunity to anticipate the development of potential destructive consequences in several psychological dimensions: cognitive, affective, relational, behavioral, and somatic. We can also observe more closely the intricate connections of the disorder to other pathologies and their underlying mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, bacterial overgrowth syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, metabolic disorders, oxytocin, and cortisol in order to understand it better and to optimize the course of treatment and its management. The complex foundation PTSD possesses is supported by the existing clinical, preclinical, and experimental data encompassed in the current review. Different biological systems and processes such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiome suffer modifications and changes when it comes to PTSD; that is why targeted therapies exert tremendous alleviations of symptoms in patients diagnosed with this disorder. Therefore, this implies that PTSD is not restricted to the psychiatric domain and should be viewed as a systemic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B dul Carol I No. 11 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Timofte
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristinel Stefanescu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lăcrămioara Serban
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sweat metabolome and proteome: Recent trends in analytical advances and potential biological functions. J Proteomics 2021; 246:104310. [PMID: 34198014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolome and proteome profiling of biofluids, e.g., urine, plasma, has generated vast and ever-increasing amounts of knowledge over the last few decades. Paradoxically, omics analyses of sweat, one of the most readily available human biofluids, have lagged behind. This review capitalizes on the current knowledge and state of the art analytical advances of sweat metabolomics and proteomics. Moreover, current applications of sweat omics such as the discovery of disease biomarkers and monitoring athletic performance are also presented in this review. Another area of emerging knowledge that has been highlighted herein lies in the role of skin host-microbiome interactions in shaping the sweat metabolite-protein profiles. Discussion of future research directions describes the need to have a better grasp of sweat chemicals and to better understand how they function as aided by advances in omics tools. Overall, the role of sweat as an information-rich biofluid that could complement the exploration of the skin metabolome/proteome is emphasized.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim HS, Hashimoto T, Fischer K, Bernigaud C, Chosidow O, Yosipovitch G. Scabies itch: an update on neuroimmune interactions and novel targets. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1765-1776. [PMID: 33960033 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frequently described as 'the worst itch' one can ever experience scabies itch is the hallmark of Sarcoptes scabiei mite infestation. Notably, the itchiness often persists for weeks despite scabicides therapy. The mechanism of scabies itch is not yet fully understood, and effective treatment modalities are still missing which can severely affect the quality of life. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the scope of itch in scabies and highlight candidate mechanisms underlying this itch. We herein discuss scabies itch, with a focus on the nature, candidate underlying mechanisms and treatment options. We also synthesize this information with current understanding of the mechanisms contributing to non-histaminergic itch in other conditions. Itch is a major problem in scabies and can lead to grave consequences. We provide the latest insights on host-mite interaction, secondary microbial infection and neural sensitization with special emphasis on keratinocytes and mast cells to better understand the mechanism of itch in scabies. Also, the most relevant current modalities remaining under investigation that possess promising perspectives for scabies itch (i.e. protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) inhibitor, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) antagonist) are discussed. Greater understanding of these diverse mechanisms may provide a rational basis for the development of improved and targeted approaches to control itch in individuals with scabies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Dr Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Fischer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Bernigaud
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil et Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,Research Group Dynamic, EA7380, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, USC ANSES, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - O Chosidow
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil et Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,Research Group Dynamic, EA7380, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, USC ANSES, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - G Yosipovitch
- Dr Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sung Kim H, Yosipovitch G. THE SKIN MICROBIOTA AND ITCH: Is There a Link? THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2020; 13:S39-S46. [PMID: 33282109 PMCID: PMC7710288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that emanates primarily from the skin. The chemical mediators that drive neuronal activity originate from a complex interaction between keratinocytes, inflammatory cells, nerve endings, and the skin microbiota, relaying itch signals to the brain. Stress also exacerbates itch via the skin-brain axis. Recently, the microbiota has surfaced as a major player to regulate this axis, notably during stress settings aroused by actual or perceived homeostatic challenge. The routes of communication between the microbiota and brain are slowly being unraveled and involve neurochemicals (i.e., acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines, and corticotropin) that originate from the microbiota itself. By focusing on itch biology and by referring to the more established field of pain research, this review examines the possible means by which the skin microbiota contributes to itch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hei Sung Kim
- Dr. Kim is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami in Miami, Florida, the Department of Dermatology at Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea, and the Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea
- Dr. Yosipovitch is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami in Miami, Florida
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr. Kim is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami in Miami, Florida, the Department of Dermatology at Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea, and the Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea
- Dr. Yosipovitch is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami in Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Skin Microbiota and Itch: Is There a Link? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041190. [PMID: 32331207 PMCID: PMC7230651 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that emanates primarily from the skin. The chemical mediators that drive neuronal activity originate from a complex interaction between keratinocytes, inflammatory cells, nerve endings and the skin microbiota, relaying itch signals to the brain. Stress also exacerbates itch via the skin–brain axis. Recently, the microbiota has surfaced as a major player to regulate this axis, notably during stress settings aroused by actual or perceived homeostatic challenge. The routes of communication between the microbiota and brain are slowly being unraveled and involve neurochemicals (i.e., acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines, corticotropin) that originate from the microbiota itself. By focusing on itch biology and by referring to the more established field of pain research, this review examines the possible means by which the skin microbiota contributes to itch.
Collapse
|
9
|
Harris BN. Stress hypothesis overload: 131 hypotheses exploring the role of stress in tradeoffs, transitions, and health. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 288:113355. [PMID: 31830473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stress is ubiquitous and thus, not surprisingly, many hypotheses and models have been created to better study the role stress plays in life. Stress spans fields and is found in the literature of biology, psychology, psychophysiology, sociology, economics, and medicine, just to name a few. Stress, and the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS), are involved in a multitude of behaviors and physiological processes, including life-history and ecological tradeoffs, developmental transitions, health, and survival. The goal of this review is to highlight and summarize the large number of available hypotheses and models, to aid in comparative and interdisciplinary thinking, and to increase reproducibility by a) discouraging hypothesizing after results are known (HARKing) and b) encouraging a priori hypothesis testing. For this review I collected 214 published hypotheses or models dealing broadly with stress. In the main paper, I summarized and categorized 131 of those hypotheses and models which made direct connections among stress and/or HPA/I and SNS, tradeoffs, transitions, and health. Of those 131, the majority made predictions about reproduction (n = 43), the transition from health to disease (n = 38), development (n = 23), and stress coping (n = 18). Additional hypotheses were classified as stage-spanning or models (n = 37). The additional 83 hypotheses found during searches were tangentially related, or pertained to immune function or oxidative stress, and these are listed separately. Many of the hypotheses share underlying rationale and suggest similar, if not identical, predictions, and are thus not mutually exclusive; some hypotheses spanned classification categories. Some of the hypotheses have been tested multiple times, whereas others have only been examined a few times. It is the hope that multi-disciplinary stress researchers will begin to harmonize their naming of hypotheses in the literature so as to build a clearer picture of how stress impacts various outcomes across fields. The paper concludes with some considerations and recommendations for robust testing of stress hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breanna N Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baritaki S, de Bree E, Chatzaki E, Pothoulakis C. Chronic Stress, Inflammation, and Colon Cancer: A CRH System-Driven Molecular Crosstalk. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1669. [PMID: 31614860 PMCID: PMC6833069 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is thought to be involved in the occurrence and progression of multiple diseases, via mechanisms that still remain largely unknown. Interestingly, key regulators of the stress response, such as members of the corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH) family of neuropeptides and receptors, are now known to be implicated in the regulation of chronic inflammation, one of the predisposing factors for oncogenesis and disease progression. However, an interrelationship between stress, inflammation, and malignancy, at least at the molecular level, still remains unclear. Here, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge that supports the inseparable link between chronic stress, inflammation, and colorectal cancer (CRC), by modulation of a cascade of molecular signaling pathways, which are under the regulation of CRH-family members expressed in the brain and periphery. The understanding of the molecular basis of the link among these processes may provide a step forward towards personalized medicine in terms of CRC diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Baritaki
- Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece.
| | - Eelco de Bree
- Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece.
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 10833, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gong Y, Niu W, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Liu S, Liu X, Wang X, Xu Y. Aggravated mucosal and immune damage in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis with stress. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2341-2348. [PMID: 30783488 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of stress on the colonic mucosa and immune system and to further investigate the association between stress and development and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Mice were treated with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to induce an animal model of UC, and stress was induced by water immersion and restraint. Subsequently, the disease activity index (DAI), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), IgA, interleukin (IL)-6 and -8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), complement component (C)3 and C4, and alterations in the colonic mucosa were observed. The DAI scores and the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α significantly increased in the experimental UC mice compared with the control mice, while the expression levels of IgA and sIgA decreased (all P<0.01). DAI and colonic mucosa damage scores increased in the stress-treated mouse models of UC compared with the untreated mouse models of UC (P<0.05). Expression levels of IgA and sIgA decreased, while IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α further increased in the stress-treated UC mice (P<0.05). The expression levels of C3 and C4 were not affected by stress or UC (P>0.05). These results indicated that UC may be associated with an immune disorder and that stress can aggravate colonic mucosa injury and alter the immune response. Furthermore, stress and immunity may serve roles in the pathogenesis of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Simiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Johnson TR, Gómez BI, McIntyre MK, Dubick MA, Christy RJ, Nicholson SE, Burmeister DM. The Cutaneous Microbiome and Wounds: New Molecular Targets to Promote Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092699. [PMID: 30208569 PMCID: PMC6164292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecological community of microorganisms in/on humans, termed the microbiome, is vital for sustaining homeostasis. While culture-independent techniques have revealed the role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease, the role of the cutaneous microbiome in wound healing is less defined. Skin commensals are essential in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier function, regulation of the host immune system, and protection from invading pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we summarize the literature derived from pre-clinical and clinical studies on how changes in the microbiome of various acute and chronic skin wounds impact wound healing tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we review the mechanistic insights garnered from model wound healing systems. Finally, in the face of growing concern about antibiotic-resistance, we will discuss alternative strategies for the treatment of infected wounds to improve wound healing and outcomes. Taken together, it has become apparent that commensals, symbionts, and pathogens on human skin have an intimate role in the inflammatory response that highlights several potential strategies to treat infected, non-healing wounds. Despite these promising results, there are some contradictory and controversial findings from existing studies and more research is needed to define the role of the human skin microbiome in acute and chronic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Johnson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Belinda I Gómez
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Matthew K McIntyre
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY 10595, USA.
| | - Michael A Dubick
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Robert J Christy
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Susannah E Nicholson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - David M Burmeister
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Local Burn Injury Promotes Defects in the Epidermal Lipid and Antimicrobial Peptide Barriers in Human Autograft Skin and Burn Margin: Implications for Burn Wound Healing and Graft Survival. J Burn Care Res 2018; 38:e212-e226. [PMID: 27183442 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Burn injury increases the risk of morbidity and mortality by promoting severe hemodynamic shock and risk for local or systemic infection. Graft failure due to poor wound healing or infection remains a significant problem for burn subjects. The mechanisms by which local burn injury compromises the epithelial antimicrobial barrier function in the burn margin, containing the elements necessary for healing of the burn site, and in distal unburned skin, which serves as potential donor tissue, are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to establish defects in epidermal barrier function in human donor skin and burn margin, to identify potential mechanisms that may lead to graft failure and/or impaired burn wound healing. In this study, we established that epidermal lipids and respective lipid synthesis enzymes were significantly reduced in both donor skin and burn margin. We further identified diverse changes in the gene expression and protein production of several candidate skin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in both donor skin and burn margin. These results also parallel changes in cutaneous AMP activity against common burn wound pathogens, aberrant production of epidermal proteases known to regulate barrier permeability and AMP activity, and greater production of proinflammatory cytokines known to be induced by AMPs. These findings suggest that impaired epidermal lipid and AMP regulation could contribute to graft failure and infectious complications in subjects with burn or other traumatic injury.
Collapse
|
14
|
Clatici VG, Racoceanu D, Dalle C, Voicu C, Tomas-Aragones L, Marron SE, Wollina U, Fica S. Perceived Age and Life Style. The Specific Contributions of Seven Factors Involved in Health and Beauty. MAEDICA 2017; 12:191-201. [PMID: 29218067 PMCID: PMC5706759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The skin is a dynamic, visible organ, showing the most obvious signs of aging. The mechanisms of extrinsic aging, most of them presented in this paper, are currently well known and also the only ones that can be counteracted. Therefore, the transition of this knowledge in the general population is of the most importance, in order to introduce healthy aging strategies, to prevent the development of chronic or malignant diseases and psychological burden related to old age. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thorough review of the literature has been performed in order to identify the main factors involved in skin health and aging. OUTCOMES This concept article represents a compilation of seven anti-ageing directions regarding major factors involved in health, aging and beauty, respectively sun, sugar, smoking, skin care, stress, sleep and second (the passage of time), easy to comprehend by the general public but sustained by a strong scientific documentation. CONCLUSIONS Despite its final destination, every quality concept has to pass through academic purgatory as, once accepted, it comes to respond to ever more educated society's demands in terms of anti-ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Racoceanu
- Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Claude Dalle
- President of WOSIAM and Scientific Director of the World Anti-Aging Congress
| | | | | | | | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hospital Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - Simona Fica
- Carol Davila, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cutaneous Burn Injury Modulates Urinary Antimicrobial Peptide Responses and the Urinary Microbiome. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:e543-e551. [PMID: 28333758 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Characterization of urinary bacterial microbiome and antimicrobial peptides after burn injury to identify potential mechanisms leading to urinary tract infections and associated morbidities in burn patients. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using human urine from control and burn subjects. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS Burn patients. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Urine samples from catheterized burn patients were collected hourly for up to 40 hours. Control urine was collected from "healthy" volunteers. The urinary bacterial microbiome and antimicrobial peptide levels and activity were compared with patient outcomes. We observed a significant increase in urinary microbial diversity in burn patients versus controls, which positively correlated with a larger percent burn and with the development of urinary tract infection and sepsis postadmission, regardless of age or gender. Urinary psoriasin and β-defensin antimicrobial peptide levels were significantly reduced in burn patients at 1 and 40 hours postadmission. We observed a shift in antimicrobial peptide hydrophobicity and activity between control and burn patients when urinary fractions were tested against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis urinary tract infection isolates. Furthermore, the antimicrobial peptide activity in burn patients was more effective against E. coli than E. faecalis. Urinary tract infection-positive burn patients with altered urinary antimicrobial peptide activity developed either an E. faecalis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection, suggesting a role for urinary antimicrobial peptides in susceptibility to select uropathogens. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal potential links for urinary tract infection development and several morbidities in burn patients through alterations in the urinary microbiome and antimicrobial peptides. Overall, this study supports the concept that early assessment of urinary antimicrobial peptide responses and the bacterial microbiome may be used to predict susceptibility to urinary tract infections and sepsis in burn patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hartig EI, Zhu S, King BL, Coffman JA. Cortisol-treated zebrafish embryos develop into pro-inflammatory adults with aberrant immune gene regulation. Biol Open 2016; 5:1134-41. [PMID: 27444789 PMCID: PMC5004618 DOI: 10.1242/bio.020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic early-life stress increases adult susceptibility to numerous health problems linked to chronic inflammation. One way that this may occur is via glucocorticoid-induced developmental programming. To gain insight into such programming we treated zebrafish embryos with cortisol and examined the effects on both larvae and adults. Treated larvae had elevated whole-body cortisol and glucocorticoid signaling, and upregulated genes associated with defense response and immune system processes. In adulthood the treated fish maintained elevated basal cortisol levels in the absence of exogenous cortisol, and constitutively mis-expressed genes involved in defense response and its regulation. Adults derived from cortisol-treated embryos displayed defective tailfin regeneration, heightened basal expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and failure to appropriately regulate those genes following injury or immunological challenge. These results support the hypothesis that chronically elevated glucocorticoid signaling early in life directs development of a pro-inflammatory adult phenotype, at the expense of immunoregulation and somatic regenerative capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen I Hartig
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, USA
| | - Shusen Zhu
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, USA
| | - Benjamin L King
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, USA
| | - James A Coffman
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection in restraint stressed mice modulates impaired immune response resulting in improved behavioral activities. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 288:102-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
18
|
Kumaresan V, Bhatt P, Ganesh MR, Harikrishnan R, Arasu M, Al-Dhabi NA, Pasupuleti M, Marimuthu K, Arockiaraj J. A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from fish goose type lysozyme disrupts the membrane of Salmonella enterica. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:421-33. [PMID: 26477736 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In aquaculture, accumulation of antibiotics resulted in development of resistance among bacterial pathogens. Consequently, it became mandatory to find alternative to synthetic antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are described as evolutionary ancient weapons have been considered as promising alternates in recent years. In this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide had been derived from goose type lysozyme (LyzG) which was identified from the cDNA library of freshwater fish Channa striatus (Cs). The identified lysozyme cDNA contains 585 nucleotides which encodes a protein of 194 amino acids. CsLyzG was closely related to Siniperca chuatsi with 92.8% homology. The depicted protein sequence contained a GEWL domain with conserved GLMQ motif, 7 active residues and 2 catalytic residues. Gene expression analysis revealed that CsLyzG was distributed in major immune organs with highest expression in head kidney. Results of temporal expression analysis after bacterial (Aeromonas hydrophila) and fungal (Aphanomyces invadans) challenges indicated a stimulant-dependent expression pattern of CsLyzG. Two antimicrobial peptides IK12 and TS10 were identified from CsLyzG and synthesized. Antibiogram showed that IK12 was active against Salmonella enterica, a major multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogen which produces beta lactamase. The IK12 induced loss of cell viability in the bacterial pathogen. Flow cytometry assay revealed that IK12 disrupt the membrane of S. enterica which is confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis that reveals blebs around the bacterial cell membrane. Conclusively, CsLyzG is a potential innate immune component and the identified antimicrobial peptide has great caliber to be used as an ecofriendly antibacterial substance in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanth Bhatt
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Munuswamy-Ramanujam Ganesh
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - MariadhasValan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kasi Marimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Semeling Bedong, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Holmes CJ, Plichta JK, Gamelli RL, Radek KA. Dynamic Role of Host Stress Responses in Modulating the Cutaneous Microbiome: Implications for Wound Healing and Infection. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:24-37. [PMID: 25566412 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Humans are under constant bombardment by various stressors, including psychological anxiety and physiologic injury. Understanding how these stress responses influence the innate immune system and the skin microbiome remains elusive due to the complexity of the neuroimmune and stress response pathways. Both animal and human studies have provided critical information upon which to further elucidate the mechanisms by which mammalian stressors impair normal wound healing and/or promote chronic wound progression. Recent Advances: Development of high-throughput genomic and bioinformatic approaches has led to the discovery of both an epidermal and dermal microbiome with distinct characteristics. This technology is now being used to identify statistical correlations between specific microbiota profiles and clinical outcomes related to cutaneous wound healing and the response to pathogenic infection. Studies have also identified more prominent roles for typical skin commensal organisms in maintaining homeostasis and modulating inflammatory responses. Critical Issues: It is well-established that stress-induced factors, including catecholamines, acetylcholine, and glucocorticoids, increase the risk of impaired wound healing and susceptibility to infection. Despite the characterization of the cutaneous microbiome, little is known regarding the impact of these stress-induced molecules on the development and evolution of the cutaneous microbiome during wound healing. Future Directions: Further characterization of the mechanisms by which stress-induced molecules influence microbial proliferation and metabolism in wounds is necessary to identify altered microbial phenotypes that differentially influence host innate immune responses required for optimal healing. These mechanisms may yield beneficial as targets for manipulation of the microbiome to further benefit the host after cutaneous injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Holmes
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
- Burn Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Jennifer K. Plichta
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Richard L. Gamelli
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
- Burn Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Katherine A. Radek
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
- Burn Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Local burn injury impairs epithelial permeability and antimicrobial peptide barrier function in distal unburned skin. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e420-31. [PMID: 24717471 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to characterize the mechanisms by which local burn injury compromises epithelial barrier function in burn margin, containing the elements necessary for healing of the burn site, and in distal unburned skin, which serves as potential donor tissue. DESIGN Experimental mouse scald burn injury. SETTING University Research Laboratory. SUBJECTS C57/Bl6 Male mice, 8-12 weeks old. INTERVENTIONS To confirm that dehydration was not contributing to our observed barrier defects, in some experiments mice received 1 mL of saline fluid immediately after burn, while a subgroup received an additional 0.5 mL at 4 hours and 1 mL at 24 hours following burn. We then assessed skin pH and transepidermal water loss every 12 hours on the burn wounds for 72 hours postburn. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Burn margin exhibited increased epidermal barrier permeability indicated by higher pH, greater transepidermal water loss, and reduced lipid synthesis enzyme expression and structural protein production up to 96 hours postburn. By contrast, antimicrobial peptide production and protease activity were elevated in burn margin. Skin extracts from burn margin did not exhibit changes in the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. However, distal unburned skin from burned mice also demonstrated an impaired response to barrier disruption, indicated by elevated transepidermal water loss and reduced lipid synthesis enzyme and structural protein expression up to 96 hours postburn. Furthermore, skin extracts from distal unburned skin exhibited greater protease activity and a reduced capacity to inhibit bacterial growth of several skin pathogens. Finally, we established that antimicrobial peptide levels were also altered in the lung and bladder, which are common sites of secondary infection in burn-injured patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal several undefined deficiencies in epithelial barrier function at the burn margin, potential donor skin sites, and organs susceptible to secondary infection. These functional and biochemical data provide novel insights into the mechanisms for graft failure and secondary infection after burn injury.
Collapse
|
21
|
Role of main neuroendocrine pathways activated by swim stress on mast cell-dependent peritoneal TNF production after LPS administration in mice. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:757-67. [PMID: 24912751 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To characterize the effects of swim stress on the early mast cell (MC)-dependent peritoneal production of TNF in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in mice, identifying the neuroendocrine mediators involved. SUBJECTS Ten to twelve-week-old Swiss Webster, C57BL/6 J or c-Kit (Wsh/Wsh) mice were used. TREATMENT Animals were intraperitoneally challenged with LPS at different times after forced swimming (FS) and peak TNF production was determined in peritoneal washes at optimal time after LPS administration. Selective blockage of main neuroendocrine pathways was performed before swim stress. METHODS TNF concentrations were determined by ELISA. RESULTS FS provoked an immediate and transient inhibition of LPS-elicited, MC-dependent TNF accumulation in peritoneum, which lasted around 30 min. Suppresive effects of FS were absent on MC-deficient c-Kit (Wsh/Wsh) mice but were recovered after reconstitution with MC. Adrenalectomy or DSP4 administration increased basal ip TNF levels and enhanced LPS-induced TNF release without any effect on stress-induced inhibitory effects, mifepristone did not produce any change on stress-induced inhibition, whereas mecamylamine administration increased basals and attenuated stress effects. CONCLUSIONS Swim stress transiently inhibits the canonical MC-dependent response of TNF production in response to LPS in murine peritoneal cavity with the main participation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mills D, Karagiannis C, Zulch H. Stress—Its Effects on Health and Behavior. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2014; 44:525-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Huff GR, Huff WE, Wesley IV, Anthony NB, Satterlee DG. Response of restraint stress-selected lines of Japanese quail to heat stress and Escherichia coli challenge. Poult Sci 2013; 92:603-11. [PMID: 23436510 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese quail selected for divergent corticosterone response to restraint stress were evaluated for their susceptibility to heat stress and challenge with Escherichia coli. These quail lines are designated as high stress (HS), low stress (LS), and the random-bred control (CS) lines. Heat stress (35°C, 8 h/d) began at 24 d until the end of the study at 39 d. Birds were challenged with an aerosol spray containing 2 × 10(9) cfu of E. coli at 25 and 32 d. At 38 d, the surviving birds were necropsied and the intestinal tract was screened for both Salmonella and Campylobacter. Body weights of the CS birds were higher than both HS and LS at 17, 25, and 32 d. At 32 d, there was no difference in mortality between males and females and the CS line had higher mortality compared with the LS line with the HS line being intermediate. At 38 d, females of the CS line that were both heat stressed and challenged had a mortality incidence of 25%, which was significantly higher than male birds of the same line and treatment (5.3%). There was an increased incidence in Salmonella enterica serotype Agona isolation after heat stress, with the LS birds having less isolation than the HS birds. Mean corticosterone levels of male birds were not significantly affected by line, heat stress, or E. coli challenge; however, the LS line subjected to heat stress had one-third the level of the HS line, a difference identical to that seen in the original selection for response to restraint stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Huff
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Increased resistance of immobilized-stressed mice to infection: correlation with behavioral alterations. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 28:115-27. [PMID: 23142705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization is an easy and convenient method to induce both psychological and physical stress resulting in restricted motility and aggression and is believed to be the most severe type of stress in rodent models. Although it has been generally accepted that chronic stress often results in immunosuppression while acute stress has been shown to enhance immune responses, the effects of IS on the host resistance to Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection and associated behavioral changes are still not clear. In a series of experiments aimed at determining the level of hypothalamic COX-2, HSP-90, HSP-70, SOD-1 and plasma level of corticosterone, cytokine, antibody titer and their association with behavioral activities, mice were infected with viable E. coli during acute and chronic IS by taping their paws. In this study we show that acute and chronic IS enhances the resistance of mice to E. coli infection via inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and by improving the exploratory behavior. Altogether, our findings support the notion that cytokines released during immune activation and under the influence of corticosterone can modulate the open field behavior both in terms of locomotor activity as well as exploration. One of the features observed with chronic stressor was a lower ability to resist bacterial infection, although in case of acute stress, a better clearance of bacterial infection was observed in vivo with improvement of exploratory behavior and cognitive functions.
Collapse
|
25
|
The complex interplay between stress and bacterial infections in animals. Vet Microbiol 2011; 155:115-27. [PMID: 21963418 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, an increasing awareness has arisen of the role of neuroendocrine hormones in the susceptibility of mammalian hosts to a bacterial infection. During a stress response, glucocorticoids, catecholamines and neuroendocrine factors are released into the circulation of the host. For a long time the effects of stress on the course of an infection have been exclusively ascribed to the direct effect of stress-related hormones on the immune system and the intestinal barrier function. Chronic stress is known to cause a shift from T helper 1-mediated cellular immunity toward T helper 2-mediated humoral immunity, which can influence the course of an infection and/or the susceptibility to a microorganism. Bacteria can however also respond directly to stress-related host signals. Catecholamines can alter growth, motility, biofilm formation and/or virulence of pathogens and commensal bacteria, and as a consequence influence the outcome of infections by these bacteria in many hosts. For some bacteria, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa it was shown that this influence is regulated by quorum sensing mechanisms. In this manuscript an overview of how and when stress influences the outcome of bacterial infections in animals is provided.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cholinergic regulation of keratinocyte innate immunity and permeability barrier integrity: new perspectives in epidermal immunity and disease. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:28-42. [PMID: 21918536 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several cutaneous inflammatory diseases and their clinical phenotypes are recapitulated in animal models of skin disease. However, the identification of shared pathways for disease progression is limited by the ability to delineate the complex biochemical processes fundamental for development of the disease. Identifying common signaling pathways that contribute to cutaneous inflammation and immune function will facilitate better scientific and therapeutic strategies to span a variety of inflammatory skin diseases. Aberrant antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression and activity is one mechanism behind the development and severity of several inflammatory skin diseases and directly influences the susceptibility of skin to microbial infections. Our studies have recently exposed a newly identified pathway for negative regulation of AMPs in the skin by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via acetylcholine (ACh). The role of ACh in AMP regulation of immune and permeability barrier function in keratinocytes is reviewed, and the importance for a better comprehension of cutaneous disease progression by cholinergic signaling is discussed.
Collapse
|