1
|
Lake BM, Rullo AF. Offsetting Low-Affinity Carbohydrate Binding with Covalency to Engage Sugar-Specific Proteins for Tumor-Immune Proximity Induction. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2064-2075. [PMID: 38033792 PMCID: PMC10683482 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding receptors are often used by the innate immune system to potentiate inflammation, target endocytosis/destruction, and adaptive immunity (e.g., CD206, DC-SIGN, MBL, and anticarbohydrate antibodies). To access this class of receptors for cancer immunotherapy, a growing repertoire of bifunctional proximity-inducing therapeutics use high-avidity multivalent carbohydrate binding domains to offset the intrinsically low affinity associated with monomeric carbohydrate-protein binding interactions (Kd ≈ 10-3-10-6 M). For applications aimed at recruiting anticarbohydrate antibodies to tumor cells, large synthetic scaffolds are used that contain both a tumor-binding domain (TBD) and a multivalent antibody-binding domain (ABD) comprising multiple l-rhamnose monosaccharides. This allows for stable bridging between tumor cells and antibodies, which activates tumoricidal immune function. Problematically, such multivalent macromolecules can face limitations including synthetic and/or structural complexity and the potential for off-target immune engagement. We envisioned that small bifunctional "proximity-inducing" molecules containing a low-affinity monovalent ABD could efficiently engage carbohydrate-binding receptors for tumor-immune proximity by coupling weak binding with covalent engagement. Typical covalent drugs and electrophilic chimeras use high-affinity ligands to promote the fast covalent engagement of target proteins (i.e., large kinact/KI), driven by a favorably small KI for binding. We hypothesized the much less favorable KI associated with carbohydrate-protein binding interactions can be offset by a favorably large kinact for the covalent labeling step. In the current study, we test this hypothesis in the context of a model system that uses rhamnose-specific antibodies to induce tumor-immune proximity and tumoricidal function. We discovered that synthetic chimeric molecules capable of preorganizing an optimal electrophile (i.e., SuFEx vs activated ester) for protein engagement can rapidly covalently engage natural sources of antirhamnose antibody using only a single low-affinity rhamnose monosaccharide ABD. Strikingly, we observe chimeric molecules lacking an electrophile, which can only noncovalently bind the antibody, completely lack tumoricidal function. This is in stark contrast to previous work targeting small molecule hapten and peptide-specific antibodies. Our findings underscore the utility of covalency as a strategy to engage low-affinity carbohydrate-specific proteins for tumor-immune proximity induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
P. M. Lake
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center
for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony F. Rullo
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center
for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miao J, Regan J, Cai C, Palmer GE, Williams DL, Kruppa MD, Peters BM. Glycogen Metabolism in Candida albicans Impacts Fitness and Virulence during Vulvovaginal and Invasive Candidiasis. mBio 2023; 14:e0004623. [PMID: 36840583 PMCID: PMC10127583 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00046-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphic fungus Candida albicans remains a leading cause of both invasive and superficial mycoses, including vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Metabolic plasticity, including carbohydrate catabolism, confers fitness advantages at anatomical site-specific host niches. C. albicans possesses the capacity to accumulate and store carbohydrates as glycogen and can consume intracellular glycogen stores when nutrients become limited. In the vaginal environment, estrogen promotes epithelial glycogen accumulation and C. albicans colonization. However, whether these factors are mechanistically linked is unexplored. Here, we characterized the glycogen metabolism pathways in C. albicans and investigated whether these impact the long-term survival of C. albicans, both in vitro and in vivo during murine VVC, or virulence during systemic infection. SC5314 and 6 clinical isolates demonstrated impaired growth when glycogen was used as the sole carbon source, suggesting that environmental glycogen acquisition is limited. The genetic deletion and complementation of key genes involved in glycogen metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed that GSY1 and GLC3, as well as GPH1 and GDB1, are essential for glycogen synthesis and catabolism in C. albicans, respectively. Potential compensatory roles for a glucoamylase encoded by SGA1 were also explored. Competitive survival assays revealed that gsy1Δ/Δ, gph1Δ/Δ, and gph1Δ/Δ sga1Δ/Δ mutants exhibited long-term survival defects in vitro under starvation conditions and in vivo during vaginal colonization. A complete inability to catabolize glycogen (gph1Δ/Δ sga1Δ/Δ) also rendered C. albicans significantly less virulent during disseminated infections. This is the first study fully validating the glycogen metabolism pathways in C. albicans, and the results further suggest that intracellular glycogen catabolism positively impacts the long-term fitness of C. albicans in nutrient deficient environments and is important for full virulence. IMPORTANCE Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose and is used across the tree of life as an efficient and compact form of energy storage. Whereas glycogen metabolism pathways have been studied in model yeasts, they have not been extensively explored in pathogenic fungi. Using a combination of microbiologic, molecular genetic, and biochemical approaches, we reveal orthologous functions of glycogen metabolism genes in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We also provide evidence that extracellular glycogen poorly supports growth across the Candida species and clinical isolates. Competitive fitness assays reveal that the loss of glycogen synthesis or catabolism significantly impacts survival during both in vitro starvation and the colonization of the mouse vagina. Moreover, a global glycogen catabolism mutant is rendered less virulent during murine invasive candidiasis. Therefore, this work demonstrates that glycogen metabolism in C. albicans contributes to survival and virulence in the mammalian host and may be a novel antifungal target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Miao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Regan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chun Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Glen E. Palmer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease, and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael D. Kruppa
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease, and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brian M. Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta A, Gupta GS. Applications of mannose-binding lectins and mannan glycoconjugates in nanomedicine. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 24:228. [PMID: 36373057 PMCID: PMC9638366 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-022-05594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glycosylated nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn a lot of attention in the biomedical field over the past few decades, particularly in applications like targeted drug delivery. Mannosylated NPs and mannan-binding lectins/proteins (MBL/MBP) are emerging as promising tools for delivery of drugs, medicines, and enzymes to targeted tissues and cells as nanocarriers, enhancing their therapeutic benefits while avoiding the adverse effects of the drug. The occurrence of plenty of lectin receptors and their mannan ligands on cell surfaces makes them multifaceted carriers appropriate for specific delivery of bioactive drug materials to their targeted sites. Thus, the present review describes the tethering of mannose (Man) to several nanostructures, like micelles, liposomes, and other NPs, applicable for drug delivery systems. Bioadhesion through MBL-like receptors on cells has involvements applicable to additional arenas of science, for example gene delivery, tissue engineering, biomaterials, and nanotechnology. This review also focuses on the role of various aspects of drug/antigen delivery using (i) mannosylated NPs, (ii) mannosylated lectins, (iii) amphiphilic glycopolymer NPs, and (iv) natural mannan-containing polysaccharides, with most significant applications of MBL-based NPs as multivalent scaffolds, using different strategies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Mannosylated NPs and/or MBL/MBP are coming up as viable and versatile tools as nanocarriers to deliver drugs and enzymes precisely to their target tissues or cells. The presence of abundant number of lectin receptors and their mannan ligands on cell surfaces makes them versatile carriers suitable for the targeted delivery of bioactive drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gupta
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - G. S. Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang H, Li Y, Li M, Zhou W, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ran C, Zhou Z. The effect and underlying mechanism of yeast β-glucan on antiviral resistance of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031962. [PMID: 36405758 PMCID: PMC9669391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucan has been used as immunostimulant for fish. However, the effect of yeast β-glucan on viral infections has been less studied in fish. In this study, we investigated the effects of β-glucan on the resistance of zebrafish against spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish were fed with a control diet or diet supplemented with 0.01% and 0.025% β-glucan for 2 weeks, and were challenged by SVCV. Zebrafish embryonic fibroblast (ZF4) cells were treated with 5 μg/mL β-glucan and were infected by SVCV. We further investigated the effect of β-glucan on autophagy level post SVCV infection. The intestinal microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Results showed that dietary supplementation of 0.025% β-glucan significantly increased survival rate of zebrafish compared with control group after SVCV challenge (P < 0.05). Dietary β-glucan significantly increased the expression of genes related to type I IFN antiviral immune pathway in the spleen of zebrafish after viral infection, including type I IFN genes (ifnφ1, ifnφ2, ifnφ3), IFN-stimulated genes (mxb, mxc), as well as other genes involved in the IFN signaling pathway, including tlr7, rig1, mavs, irf3 and irf7. Morpholino knockdown of type I IFN receptors dampened the antiviral effect of β-glucan in zebrafish larvae, indicating that β-glucan-mediated antiviral function was at least partially dependent on IFN immune response. Furthermore, β-glucan can inhibit the replication of SVCV in ZF4 cells. However, β-glucan did not stimulate type I IFN antiviral response in ZF4 cells, and the antiviral effect of β-glucan in ZF4 was independent of Myd88. Interestingly, β-glucan induced autophagy in ZF4 cells after SVCV infection. Inhibition of autophagy blocked the antiviral effect of β-glucan in ZF4 cells. Lastly, dietary β-glucan changed the composition of intestinal microbiota in zebrafish, with reduced abundance of Proteobacteria and an enrichment of Fusobacteria and Firmicutes. To sum up, our results indicate that the β-glucan enhanced resistance of zebrafish against SVCV and the mechanism involved stimulation of type I IFN antiviral immune response of fish after viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Avelar GM, Dambuza IM, Ricci L, Yuecel R, Mackenzie K, Childers DS, Bain JM, Pradhan A, Larcombe DE, Netea MG, Erwig LP, Brown GD, Duncan SH, Gow NA, Walker AW, Brown AJ. Impact of changes at the Candida albicans cell surface upon immunogenicity and colonisation in the gastrointestinal tract. CELL SURFACE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 8:100084. [PMID: 36299406 PMCID: PMC9589014 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of Candida albicans cells is influenced by changes in the exposure of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) on the fungal cell surface. Previously, the degree of exposure on the C. albicans cell surface of the immunoinflammatory MAMP β-(1,3)-glucan was shown to correlate inversely with colonisation levels in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This is important because life-threatening systemic candidiasis in critically ill patients often arises from translocation of C. albicans strains present in the patient's GI tract. Therefore, using a murine model, we have examined the impact of gut-related factors upon β-glucan exposure and colonisation levels in the GI tract. The degree of β-glucan exposure was examined by imaging flow cytometry of C. albicans cells taken directly from GI compartments, and compared with colonisation levels. Fungal β-glucan exposure was lower in the cecum than the small intestine, and fungal burdens were correspondingly higher in the cecum. This inverse correlation did not hold for the large intestine. The gut fermentation acid, lactate, triggers β-glucan masking in vitro, leading to attenuated anti-Candida immune responses. Additional fermentation acids are present in the GI tract, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. We show that these acids also influence β-glucan exposure on C. albicans cells in vitro and, like lactate, they influence β-glucan exposure via Gpr1/Gpa2-mediated signalling. Significantly, C. albicans gpr1Δ gpa2Δ cells displayed elevated β-glucan exposure in the large intestine and a corresponding decrease in fungal burden, consistent with the idea that Gpr1/Gpa2-mediated β-glucan masking influences colonisation of this GI compartment. Finally, extracts from the murine gut and culture supernatants from the mannan grazing gut anaerobe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron promote β-glucan exposure at the C. albicans cell surface. Therefore, the local microbiota influences β-glucan exposure levels directly (via mannan grazing) and indirectly (via fermentation acids), whilst β-glucan masking appears to promote C. albicans colonisation of the murine large intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M. Avelar
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ivy M. Dambuza
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Liviana Ricci
- Microbiome, Food Innovation and Food Security Research Theme, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Raif Yuecel
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Kevin Mackenzie
- Microscopy & Histology Facility, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Delma S. Childers
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Judith M. Bain
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Arnab Pradhan
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Daniel E. Larcombe
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars P. Erwig
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Johnson-Johnson Innovation, EMEA Innovation Centre, One Chapel Place, London W1G 0BG, UK
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sylvia H. Duncan
- Microbiome, Food Innovation and Food Security Research Theme, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Neil A.R. Gow
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Alan W. Walker
- Microbiome, Food Innovation and Food Security Research Theme, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alistair J.P. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
- Corresponding author at: Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dectin-1 as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker for Metabolic Inflammation in Adipose Tissue of Individuals with Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182879. [PMID: 36139454 PMCID: PMC9496833 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, macrophage activation and infiltration in adipose tissue (AT) underlie chronic low-grade inflammation-induced insulin resistance. Although dectin-1 is primarily a pathogen recognition receptor and innate immune response modulator, its role in metabolic syndromes remains to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the dectin-1 gene expression in subcutaneous AT in the context of obesity and associated inflammatory markers. Subcutaneous AT biopsies were collected from 59 nondiabetic (lean/overweight/obese) individuals. AT gene expression levels of dectin-1 and inflammatory markers were determined via real-time reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Dectin-1 protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Plasma lipid profiles were measured by ELISA. AT dectin-1 transcripts and proteins were significantly elevated in obese as compared to lean individuals. AT dectin-1 transcripts correlated positively with body mass index and fat percentage (r ≥ 0.340, p ≤ 0.017). AT dectin-1 RNA levels correlated positively with clinical parameters, including plasma C-reactive protein and CCL5/RANTES, but negatively with that of adiponectin. The expression of dectin-1 transcripts was associated with that of various proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and their cognate receptors (r ≥ 0.300, p ≤ 0.05), but not with anti-inflammatory markers. Dectin-1 and members of the TLR signaling cascade were found to be significantly associated, suggesting an interplay between the two pathways. Dectin-1 expression was correlated with monocyte/macrophage markers, including CD16, CD68, CD86, and CD163, suggesting its monocytes/macrophage association in an adipose inflammatory microenvironment. Dectin-1 expression was independently predicted by CCR5, CCL20, TLR2, and MyD88. In conclusion, dectin-1 may be regarded as an AT biomarker of metabolic inflammation in obesity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hiengrach P, Visitchanakun P, Finkelman MA, Chancharoenthana W, Leelahavanichkul A. More Prominent Inflammatory Response to Pachyman than to Whole-Glucan Particle and Oat-β-Glucans in Dextran Sulfate-Induced Mucositis Mice and Mouse Injection through Proinflammatory Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4026. [PMID: 35409384 PMCID: PMC8999416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1→3)-β-D-glucans (BG) (the glucose polymers) are recognized as pathogen motifs, and different forms of BGs are reported to have various effects. Here, different BGs, including Pachyman (BG with very few (1→6)-linkages), whole-glucan particles (BG with many (1→6)-glycosidic bonds), and Oat-BG (BG with (1→4)-linkages), were tested. In comparison with dextran sulfate solution (DSS) alone in mice, DSS with each of these BGs did not alter the weight loss, stool consistency, colon injury (histology and cytokines), endotoxemia, serum BG, and fecal microbiome but Pachyman-DSS-treated mice demonstrated the highest serum cytokine elicitation (TNF-α and IL-6). Likewise, a tail vein injection of Pachyman together with intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the highest levels of these cytokines at 3 h post-injection than LPS alone or LPS with other BGs. With bone marrow-derived macrophages, BG induced only TNF-α (most prominent with Pachyman), while LPS with BG additively increased several cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10); inflammatory genes (iNOS, IL-1β, Syk, and NF-κB); and cell energy alterations (extracellular flux analysis). In conclusion, Pachyman induced the highest LPS proinflammatory synergistic effect on macrophages, followed by WGP, possibly through Syk-associated interactions between the Dectin-1 and TLR-4 signal transduction pathways. Selection of the proper form of BGs for specific clinical conditions might be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratsanee Hiengrach
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
| | | | - Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Tropical Nephrology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Collins EJ, Cervantes-Silva MP, Timmons GA, O'Siorain JR, Curtis AM, Hurley JM. Post-transcriptional circadian regulation in macrophages organizes temporally distinct immunometabolic states. Genome Res 2021; 31:171-185. [PMID: 33436377 PMCID: PMC7849412 DOI: 10.1101/gr.263814.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our core timekeeping mechanism, the circadian clock, plays a vital role in immunity. Although the mechanics of circadian control over the immune response is generally explained by transcriptional activation or repression derived from this clock's transcription-translation negative-feedback loop, research suggests that some regulation occurs beyond transcriptional activity. We comprehensively profiled the transcriptome and proteome of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and found that only 15% of the circadian proteome had corresponding oscillating mRNA, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation influences macrophage clock regulatory output to a greater extent than any other tissue previously profiled. This regulation may be explained by the robust temporal enrichment we identified for proteins involved in degradation and translation. Extensive post-transcriptional temporal-gating of metabolic pathways was also observed and further corresponded with daily variations in ATP production, mitochondrial morphology, and phagocytosis. The disruption of this circadian post-transcriptional metabolic regulation impaired immune functionality. Our results demonstrate that cell-intrinsic post-transcriptional regulation is a primary driver of circadian output in macrophages and that this regulation, particularly of metabolic pathways, plays an important role in determining their response to immune stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Collins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Mariana P Cervantes-Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - George A Timmons
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - James R O'Siorain
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Jennifer M Hurley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hou Y, Yang M, Li J, Bi X, Li G, Xu J, Xie S, Dong Y, Li D, Du Y. The enhancing antifungal effect of AD1 aptamer-functionalized amphotericin B-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles with a low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound exposure on C.albicans biofilm through targeted effect. NANOIMPACT 2021; 21:100275. [PMID: 35559767 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and fatality rates with fungal biofilm-associated infections urgently need to develop targeted therapeutic approaches to augment the action of antifungal drugs. This study developed amphotericin B-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles (AmB-NPs) with AD1 aptamer conjugation on its surface via an EDC/NHS technique. Their high nuclease resistance of the conjugation was confirmed by PAGE gel electrophoresis. The targeting and toxicity of AD1-AmB-NPs in the subcutaneous C. albicans infection model were evaluated. AD1-AmB-NPs can bind to different morphological forms(including yeast cells, germ tubes, hyphae) of C. albicans biofilms and extracellular matrix material. Low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound (LFU, with a fixed frequency of 42 kHz, at the intensity of 0.30 W/cm2 for 15 min) significantly promoted permeability of the biofilm and allowed AD1-AmB-NPs into the deepest layers of the biofilm. After 7 days of treatment, the combination treatment of AD1-AmB-NPs and LFU, kills at least 99% of the biofilm fungal population in vivo comparison with ultrasound alone or AD1-AmB-NPs alone, and returned to normal subcutaneously. Our data suggest that the combined strategy of AD1-AmB-NPs and ultrasound treatment selective delivered of therapeutic drugs to the infection site and exhibited significant synergistic antifungal effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyun Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gangjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jieru Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuang Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dairong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yonghong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghosh R, Bryant DL, Farone AL. Panax quinquefolius (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions. Molecules 2020; 25:E5854. [PMID: 33322293 PMCID: PMC7763949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng, NAG) is a popular medicinal plant used widely in traditional medicine. NAG products are currently available in various forms such as roots, extracts, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, energy drinks, etc. NAG polysaccharides are recognized as one of the major bioactive ingredients. However, most NAG reviews are focused on ginsenosides with little information on polysaccharides. NAG polysaccharides have demonstrated a therapeutic activity in numerous studies, in which many of the bioactivities involve regulation of the immune response. The purpose of this review is to summarize the structural features and the immunomodulatory properties of crude, partially purified, and pure polysaccharides isolated from NAG. Receptors of the innate immune system that potentially bind to NAG polysaccharides and the respective signal transduction pathways initiated by these compounds are discussed. Major challenges, recent innovations, and future directions in NAG polysaccharide research are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Daniel L. Bryant
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Anthony L. Farone
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xing J, Tian HF, Tang XQ, Sheng XZ, Zhan WB. Kinetics of T lymphocyte subsets and B lymphocytes in response to immunostimulants in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): implications for CD4 + T lymphocyte differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13827. [PMID: 32796864 PMCID: PMC7429840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocytes play crucial roles in the adaptive immune system. CD4, as the most effective marker to delineate the T-helper subsets, was identified in many fish species. Two CD4 homologs, CD4-1 and CD4-2, have been reported in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In this study, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD4-1 and CD4-2 of flounder were produced, CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated and identified, and the variations in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and IgM+ B lymphocytes after Poly I:C, PMA or β-glucan stimulation were investigated. Then, the expression of transcription factors and cytokines in sorted CD4+ T lymphocytes was analyzed. The results showed that the mAbs were specific to flounder CD4-1+ and CD4-2+ T cells. CD4-1+ and CD4-2+ cells responded to all three stimulants, while CD8+ T lymphocytes only give a strong response to Poly I:C, and the percentages of IgM+ B lymphocytes showed a tendency to increase. After stimulation, the expression of transcription factors and cytokines of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells varied in CD4+ T cells. These results will provide crucial foundations for the differentiation and function of teleost CD4+ T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fei Tian
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naqvi KF, Endsley JJ. Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Tuberculosis and HIV Immunity: Insights Into Co-infection? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:263. [PMID: 32582566 PMCID: PMC7283559 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are carbohydrate binding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which play a central role in host recognition of pathogenic microorganisms. Signaling through CLRs displayed on antigen presenting cells dictates important innate and adaptive immune responses. Several pathogens have evolved mechanisms to exploit the receptors or signaling pathways of the CLR system to gain entry or propagate in host cells. CLR responses to high priority pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), HIV, Ebola, and others are described and considered potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Mtb and HIV are the leading causes of death due to infectious disease and have a synergistic relationship that further promotes aggressive disease in co-infected persons. Immune recognition through CLRs and other PRRs are important determinants of disease outcomes for both TB and HIV. Investigations of CLR responses to Mtb and HIV, to date, have primarily focused on single infection outcomes and do not account for the potential effects of co-infection. This review will focus on CLRs recognition of Mtb and HIV motifs. We will describe their respective roles in protective immunity and immune evasion or exploitation, as well as their potential as genetic determinants of disease susceptibility, and as avenues for development of therapeutic interventions. The potential convergence of CLR-driven responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the setting of Mtb and HIV co-infection will further be discussed relevant to disease pathogenesis and development of clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
An active heteropolysaccharide from the rinds of Garcinia mangostana Linn.: Structural characterization and immunomodulation activity evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
Chemistry and microbial sources of curdlan with potential application and safety regulations as prebiotic in food and health. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109136. [PMID: 32466929 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan - a homopolysaccharide is comprised of glucose using β-1,3-glycosidic bond and produced by different types of microorganisms as exopolysaccharide. Curdlan gel is stable during freezing and thawing processes which find several applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. It acts as a prebiotic, stabilizer and water-holding, viscosifying and texturing agent. Additionally, curdlan gel is used as a food factor to develop the new products e.g. milk fat substitute, non-fat whipped cream, retorting (freeze-drying) process of Tofu, low-fat sausage, and low-fat hamburger. However, a great variation exists among different countries regarding the regulatory aspects of curdlan as food additives, dietary components or prebiotic substances. Therefore, the present review paper aims to discuss safety issues and the establishment of common guidelines and legislation globally, focusing on the use the applications of curdlan in the food sector including the development of noodles, meat-based products, and fat-free dairy products. This review analyzes and describes in detail the potential of curdlan as a sustainable alternative additive in health and food industries, emphasizing on the chemical composition, production, properties, and potential applications.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun JH, Sun F, Yan B, Li JY, Xin DL. Data mining and systematic pharmacology to reveal the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109900. [PMID: 32028237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia (MPP) in East Asia. However, our current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism remains dispersive and promiscuous. In this study, a systematic pharmacological approach combined with literature data mining was applied for drug similarity evaluation, drug half-life evaluation, oral bioavailability prediction, drug target exploration, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment and network construction, thus providing the rationale for its clinical performance. Five mostly studied herbs, including Ephedra Herba, Amygdalus communis Vas, Platycodon grandiforus, Licorice and Scutellariae Radix, were selected from the literature. Total ninety-three active ingredients, which are expected to be the effective components for MPP treatment, were screened out. Interrelationship between active compounds, drug targets and signaling pathways were analyzed to reveal the therapeutic effect of TCM in detail. Of importance, we found that TNF, β2AR and PTGS2 play pivotal role in TCM mediated MPP inhibition. And mechanistically, epithelial apoptosis (defensive barrier function), GPCR signaling (symptom amelioration) and immune pathways (innate signaling and adaptive Th17 response) are critically involved. Our work, achieved through systematic pharmacology and data mining, enlarges the knowledge of TCM in MPP therapy, and could provide valuable insights for further drug discovery studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong Sun
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050,China.
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jun Yi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - De Li Xin
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050,China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Geometrical reorganization of Dectin-1 and TLR2 on single phagosomes alters their synergistic immune signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25106-25114. [PMID: 31754039 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909870116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors of innate immune cells function synergistically to detect pathogens and elicit appropriate immune responses. Many receptor pairs also appear "colocalized" on the membranes of phagosomes, the intracellular compartments for pathogen ingestion. However, the nature of the seemingly receptor colocalization and the role it plays in immune regulation are unclear, due to the inaccessibility of intracellular phagocytic receptors. Here, we report a geometric manipulation technique to directly probe the role of phagocytic receptor "colocalization" in innate immune regulation. Using particles with spatially patterned ligands as phagocytic targets, we can decouple the receptor pair, Dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, to opposite sides on a single phagosome or bring them into nanoscale proximity without changing the overall membrane composition. We show that Dectin-1 enhances immune responses triggered predominantly by TLR2 when their centroid-to-centroid proximity is <500 nm, but this signaling synergy diminishes upon receptor segregation beyond this threshold distance. Our results demonstrate that nanoscale proximity, not necessarily colocalization, between Dectin-1 and TLR2 is required for their synergistic regulation of macrophage immune responses. This study elucidates the relationship between the spatial organization of phagocytic receptors and innate immune responses. It showcases a technique that allows spatial manipulation of receptors and their signal cross-talk on phagosomes inside living cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Thwe PM, Fritz DI, Snyder JP, Smith PR, Curtis KD, O'Donnell A, Galasso NA, Sepaniac LA, Adamik BJ, Hoyt LR, Rodriguez PD, Hogan TC, Schmidt AF, Poynter ME, Amiel E. Syk-dependent glycolytic reprogramming in dendritic cells regulates IL-1β production to β-glucan ligands in a TLR-independent manner. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1325-1335. [PMID: 31509298 PMCID: PMC6883127 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0819-207rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) activated via TLR ligation experience metabolic reprogramming, in which the cells are heavily dependent on glucose and glycolysis for the synthesis of molecular building blocks essential for maturation, cytokine production, and the ability to stimulate T cells. Although the TLR-driven metabolic reprogramming events are well documented, fungal-mediated metabolic regulation via C-type lectin receptors such as Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 is not clearly understood. Here, we show that activation of DCs with fungal-associated β-glucan ligands induces acute glycolytic reprogramming that supports the production of IL-1β and its secretion subsequent to NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. This acute glycolytic induction in response to β-glucan ligands requires spleen tyrosine kinase signaling in a TLR-independent manner, suggesting now that different classes of innate immune receptors functionally induce conserved metabolic responses to support immune cell activation. These studies provide new insight into the complexities of metabolic regulation of DCs immune effector function regarding cellular activation associated with protection against fungal microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyu M Thwe
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical (CMB) Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Julia P Snyder
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical (CMB) Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Leslie A Sepaniac
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical (CMB) Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | | | - Princess D Rodriguez
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical (CMB) Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew E Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mast Cell Responses to Viruses and Pathogen Products. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174241. [PMID: 31480219 PMCID: PMC6747121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are well accepted as important sentinel cells for host defence against selected pathogens. Their location at mucosal surfaces and ability to mobilize multiple aspects of early immune responses makes them critical contributors to effective immunity in several experimental settings. However, the interactions of mast cells with viruses and pathogen products are complex and can have both detrimental and positive impacts. There is substantial evidence for mast cell mobilization and activation of effector cells and mobilization of dendritic cells following viral challenge. These cells are a major and under-appreciated local source of type I and III interferons following viral challenge. However, mast cells have also been implicated in inappropriate inflammatory responses, long term fibrosis, and vascular leakage associated with viral infections. Progress in combating infection and boosting effective immunity requires a better understanding of mast cell responses to viral infection and the pathogen products and receptors we can employ to modify such responses. In this review, we outline some of the key known responses of mast cells to viral infection and their major responses to pathogen products. We have placed an emphasis on data obtained from human mast cells and aim to provide a framework for considering the complex interactions between mast cells and pathogens with a view to exploiting this knowledge therapeutically. Long-lived resident mast cells and their responses to viruses and pathogen products provide excellent opportunities to modify local immune responses that remain to be fully exploited in cancer immunotherapy, vaccination, and treatment of infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dectin-1-induced RIPK1 and RIPK3 activation protects host against Candida albicans infection. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2622-2636. [PMID: 30944411 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a recently defined type of programmed cell death with the specific signaling cascade of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 complex to activate the executor MLKL. However, the pathophysiological roles of necroptosis are largely unexplored. Here, we report that fungus triggers myeloid cell necroptosis and this type of cell death contributes to host defense against the pathogen infection. Candida albicans as well as its sensor Dectin-1 activation strongly induced necroptosis in myeloid cells through the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL cascade. CARD9, a key adaptor in Dectin-1 signaling, was identified to bridge the RIPK1 and RIPK3 complex-mediated necroptosis pathway. RIPK1 and RIPK3 also potentiated Dectin-1-induced MLKL-independent inflammatory response. Both the MLKL-dependent and MLKL-independent pathways were required for host defense against C. albicans infection. Thus, our study demonstrates a new type of host defense system against fungal infection.
Collapse
|
20
|
Use of Dendritic Cell Receptors as Targets for Enhancing Anti-Cancer Immune Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030418. [PMID: 30909630 PMCID: PMC6469018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful anti-cancer vaccine construct depends on its ability to induce humoral and cellular immunity against a specific antigen. Targeting receptors of dendritic cells to promote the loading of cancer antigen through an antibody-mediated antigen uptake mechanism is a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Researchers have been targeting different dendritic cell receptors such as Fc receptors (FcR), various C-type lectin-like receptors such as dendritic and thymic epithelial cell-205 (DEC-205), dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), and Dectin-1 to enhance the uptake process and subsequent presentation of antigen to T cells through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In this review, we compare different subtypes of dendritic cells, current knowledge on some important receptors of dendritic cells, and recent articles on targeting those receptors for anti-cancer immune responses in mouse models.
Collapse
|
21
|
Brown AJ, Gow NA, Warris A, Brown GD. Memory in Fungal Pathogens Promotes Immune Evasion, Colonisation, and Infection. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:219-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
22
|
Chen T, Jackson JW, Tams RN, Davis SE, Sparer TE, Reynolds TB. Exposure of Candida albicans β (1,3)-glucan is promoted by activation of the Cek1 pathway. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007892. [PMID: 30703081 PMCID: PMC6372213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is among the most common causes of human fungal infections and is an important source of mortality. C. albicans is able to diminish its detection by innate immune cells through masking of β (1,3)-glucan in the inner cell wall with an outer layer of heavily glycosylated mannoproteins (mannan). However, mutations or drugs that disrupt the cell wall can lead to exposure of β (1,3)-glucan (unmasking) and enhanced detection by innate immune cells through receptors like Dectin-1, the C-type signaling lectin. Previously, our lab showed that the pathway for synthesizing the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) plays a role in β (1,3)-glucan masking. The homozygous PS synthase knockout mutant, cho1Δ/Δ, exhibits increased exposure of β (1,3)-glucan. Several Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways and their upstream Rho-type small GTPases are important for regulating cell wall biogenesis and remodeling. In the cho1Δ/Δ mutant, both the Cek1 and Mkc1 MAPKs are constitutively activated, and they act downstream of the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rho1, respectively. In addition, Cdc42 activity is up-regulated in cho1Δ/Δ. Thus, it was hypothesized that activation of Cdc42 or Rho1 and their downstream kinases cause unmasking. Disruption of MKC1 does not decrease unmasking in cho1Δ/Δ, and hyperactivation of Rho1 in wild-type cells increases unmasking and activation of both Cek1 and Mkc1. Moreover, independent hyperactivation of the MAP kinase kinase kinase Ste11 in wild-type cells leads to Cek1 activation and increased β (1,3)-glucan exposure. Thus, upregulation of the Cek1 MAPK pathway causes unmasking, and may be responsible for unmasking in cho1Δ/Δ. Candida albicans causes fungal infections in the oral cavities and bloodstreams of patients with weakened immune function, such as AIDS or cancer patients. The immune system detects fungal infections, in part, by detecting the antigenic cell wall polysaccharide β (1,3)-glucan. The ability to mask β (1,3)-glucan from immune detection is a virulence factor of C. albicans and a range of fungal pathogens. If synthesis of the phospholipid phosphatidylserine is disrupted in C. albicans (cho1Δ/Δ mutation), then cho1Δ/Δ exhibits significantly increased exposure of β (1,3)-glucan to immune detection compared to wild-type. Intracellular signaling cascades that regulate cell wall synthesis are upregulated in the cho1Δ/Δ mutant. It was hypothesized that upregulation of these pathways might be responsible for unmasking in this mutant. Genetic approaches were used to activate these pathways independently of the cho1Δ/Δ mutation. It was discovered that activation of one pathway, Cdc42-Cek1, leads to β (1,3)-glucan exposure. Thus, this pathway can cause β(1,3)-glucan exposure, and its upregulation may be the cause of unmasking in the cho1Δ/Δ mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Joseph W. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Robert N. Tams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Davis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Timothy E. Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Todd B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Duan H, Donovan M, Foucher A, Schultze X, Lecommandoux S. Multivalent and multifunctional polysaccharide-based particles for controlled receptor recognition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14730. [PMID: 30283149 PMCID: PMC6170371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides represent a versatile class of building blocks that are used in macromolecular design. By choosing the appropriate saccharide block, various physico-chemical and biological properties can be introduced both at the level of the polymer chains and the resulting self-assembled nanostructures. Here, we synthetized amphiphilic diblock copolymers combining a hydrophobic and helical poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) PBLG and two polysaccharides, namely hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminarin (LAM). The copolymers could self-assemble to form particles in water by nanoprecipitation. In addition, hybrid particles containing both HA and LAM in different ratios were obtained by co-nanoprecipitation of the two copolymers. By controlling the self-assembly process, five particle samples with different morphologies and compositions were developed. The interaction between the particles and biologically relevant proteins for HA and LAM, namely CD44 and Dectin-1 respectively, was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We demonstrated that the particle-protein interaction could be modulated by the particle structure and composition. It is therefore suggested that this method based on nanoprecipitation is a practical and versatile way to obtain particles with controllable interactions with proteins, hence with the appropriate biological properties for biomedical applications such as drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Duan
- L'Oréal recherche avancée, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux INP/ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Mark Donovan
- L'Oréal recherche avancée, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Aude Foucher
- L'Oréal recherche avancée, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Xavier Schultze
- L'Oréal recherche avancée, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sebastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux INP/ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33600, Pessac, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Anti-fibrotic effect of paramylon nanofibers from the WZSL mutant of Euglena gracilis on liver damage induced by CCl 4 in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
25
|
Expression, Distribution, and Role of C-Type Lectin Receptors in the Human and Animal Middle Ear and Eustachian Tube: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040734. [PMID: 29565818 PMCID: PMC6017961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear (ME), regardless of cause or pathological mechanism. Among the molecular biological studies assessing the pathology of OM are investigations into the expression of C-type lectin receptors (CLR) in the ME and Eustachian tube (ET). To date, nine studies have evaluated CLR expression in the ME and ET. The expression of individual CLRs in mammalian ME and ET varies by species and model of OM. Assessments have shown that the patterns of CLR expression in the ME and ET vary; that CLR expression may vary by type of OM; and that the distribution and levels of expression of CLRs may depend on the presence or absence of inflammation, with variations even within the same species and same tissue. Infection of the ME and ET with various pathogens is a common cause of all types of OM, with host responses to pathogens mediated initially by the innate immune system. CLRs are important factors in the innate immune system because they act as both adhesion molecules and as pathogen recognition receptors. The expression of CLRs in OM tissues suggests that CLRs are associated with the pathogenesis of various types of OM.
Collapse
|
26
|
Maldonado S, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P. Antifungal Activity of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and the Impact of Chronic HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1705. [PMID: 29255464 PMCID: PMC5723005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV can control viral replication and live longer lifespans than ever. However, HIV-positive individuals still face challenges to their health and well-being, including dysregulation of the immune system resulting from years of chronic immune activation, as well as opportunistic infections from pathogenic fungi. This review focuses on one of the key players in HIV immunology, the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC), which links the innate and adaptive immune response and is notable for being the body’s most potent producer of type-I interferons (IFNs). During chronic HIV infection, the pDC compartment is greatly dysregulated, experiencing a substantial depletion in number and compromise in function. This immune dysregulation may leave patients further susceptible to opportunistic infections. This is especially important when considering a new role for pDCs currently emerging in the literature: in addition to their role in antiviral immunity, recent studies suggest that pDCs also play an important role in antifungal immunity. Supporting this new role, pDCs express C-type lectin receptors including dectin-1, dectin-2, dectin-3, and mannose receptor, and toll-like receptors-4 and -9 that are involved in recognition, signaling, and response to a wide variety of fungal pathogens, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Accordingly, pDCs have been demonstrated to recognize and respond to certain pathogenic fungi, measured via activation, cytokine production, and fungistatic activity in vitro, while in vivo mouse models indicated a strikingly vital role for pDCs in survival against pulmonary Aspergillus challenge. Here, we discuss the role of the pDC compartment and the dysregulation it undergoes during chronic HIV infection, as well as what is known so far about the role and mechanisms of pDC antifungal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Maldonado
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Patricia Fitzgerald-Bocarsly
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ordonez SR, Veldhuizen EJA, van Eijk M, Haagsman HP. Role of Soluble Innate Effector Molecules in Pulmonary Defense against Fungal Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2098. [PMID: 29163395 PMCID: PMC5671533 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections of the lung are life-threatening but rarely occur in healthy, immunocompetent individuals, indicating efficient clearance by pulmonary defense mechanisms. Upon inhalation, fungi will first encounter the airway surface liquid which contains several soluble effector molecules that form the first barrier of defense against fungal infections. These include host defense peptides, like LL-37 and defensins that can neutralize fungi by direct killing of the pathogen, and collectins, such as surfactant protein A and D, that can aggregate fungi and stimulate phagocytosis. In addition, these molecules have immunomodulatory activities which can aid in fungal clearance from the lung. However, existing observations are based on in vitro studies which do not reflect the complexity of the lung and its airway surface liquid. Ionic strength, pH, and the presence of mucus can have strong detrimental effects on antifungal activity, while the potential synergistic interplay between soluble effector molecules is largely unknown. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on soluble effector molecules that contribute to antifungal activity, the importance of environmental factors and discuss the future directions required to understand the innate antifungal defense in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad R Ordonez
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chousterman BG, Swirski FK, Weber GF. Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:517-528. [PMID: 28555385 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide. Sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome related to the host response to infection. The severity of infections is due to an activation cascade that will lead to an autoamplifying cytokine production: the cytokine storm. Cytokines are a broad category of relatively small proteins (<40 kDa) that are produced and released with the aim of cell signaling. Our understanding of the processes that trigger this tremendous amount of cytokine production has made dramatic progress over the last decades, but unfortunately, these findings could not translate yet into effective treatments; so far, all clinical trials targeting cytokine production or effects failed. This review aims to summarize the pathophysiology of the cytokine storm; to describe the type, effects, and kinetics of cytokine production; and to discuss the therapeutic challenges of targeting cytokines. New promising therapeutic strategies focusing on the endothelium, as a source and a target of cytokines, are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Chousterman
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Inserm U1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Anane RF, Sun H, Zhao L, Wang L, Lin C, Mao Z. Improved curdlan production with discarded bottom parts of Asparagus spear. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:59. [PMID: 28388915 PMCID: PMC5384130 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work evaluated the improvement of curdlan production of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 by using culture medium containing juice of discarded bottom part of green Asparagus spear (MJDA). Curdlan production was carried out using Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 in flasks with different volumes of MJDA and its non-juice-adding control (CK) incubated in shaker at 30 °C, 200 rpm rotation for 168 h. RESULTS All MJDA media increased Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 cell mass and enhanced the cells' ability to utilise sucrose, the carbon source for curdlan biosynthesis, and thereby produced higher concentration of curdlan than CK which is used for commercial production of curdlan. After 168 h of fermentation, 10% MJDA produced 40.2 g/l of curdlan whiles CK produced 21.1 g/l. Curdlan production was increased by 90.4% higher in 10% MJDA than CK. Curdlan produced by 10% MJDA contains 1.2 and 1.5 µg/ml of Asparagus flavonoids and saponins respectively as additives which have wide range of health benefits. The mass of sucrose needed to produce 1.0 g curdlan by Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 in CK is 1.7-fold more than in 10% MJDA. CONCLUSION The results strongly revealed that 5-10% MJDA is a good curdlan fermentation media which increase curdlan production yield with cheaper cost of production and simultaneously reduce environmental waste resulting from the large scaled discarded bottom parts of green Asparagus spear during Asparagus production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rex Frimpong Anane
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Huifang Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Lamei Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Le Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Chun Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Zichao Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tabeie F, Tabatabaei SM, Mahmoud-Pashazadeh A, Assadi M. Radioprotective Effect of Beta D-Glucan and Vitamin E on Gamma Irradiated Mouse. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:TC08-TC11. [PMID: 28384957 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/19367.9437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is shown that beta-D-glucan is an immunologic system booster with radioprotectory effects. Radioprotectors are chemical components that can alleviate biological damage produced by ionizing radiation. AIM This study was designed to investigate the synergistic radioprotectory effects of beta-D-glucan and vitamin E on irradiated mice with 60Co source. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 240 female mice were arranged in four, equal population groups of control group (C), treated group with beta D-glucan (G), treated group with vitamin E (E), and treated group with both beta D-glucan and vitamin E (G+E). Each group was divided into three equal population groups of D6, D7 and D8 exposed to 60Co radiation with prescribed total body dose of 6, 7 and 8 Gray (Gy), respectively. After the exposure, the number of survived animals was counted by time, then Lethal Dose50/30 (LD50/30), Lethal Dose50/60 (LD50/60) and Dose Reduction Factor (DRF) were calculated in all groups and corresponding groups. RESULTS Based on the results of current study, treatment of the animals with vitamin E did not change values of LD50/30 and LD50/60, in comparison to control group. LD50/30 and LD50/60 of treated groups with beta D-glucan and beta D-glucan + vitamin E showed significant difference with those of control group (p<0.01). The DRF values in groups E, G and G + E, were calculated respectively as 1, 1.25 and 1.375 based on LD50/30, and respectively as 1, 1.17 and 1.33 based on LD50/60. While values of DRF in groups G and G + E showed significant difference in comparison to that of control group (p<0.01), but the difference between DRF of groups G and G + E was not significant (p=0.395). CONCLUSION The findings of study obviously showed that, presence of beta D-glucan in the body of mice, during exposure to ionizing radiation, leads to DRF of higher than one, proving the radioprotectory effect of this agent. Also, we demonstrated that, while vitamin E had no radioprotectory effect on irradiated mice, beta D-glucan in combination with vitamin E increased resistance of mice against ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faraj Tabeie
- Associate Professor, Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei
- Assistant Professor, Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Mahmoud-Pashazadeh
- Instructor, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr, Iran
| | - Majid Assadi
- Professor, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kutty G, Davis AS, Ferreyra GA, Qiu J, Huang DW, Sassi M, Bishop L, Handley G, Sherman B, Lempicki R, Kovacs JA. β-Glucans Are Masked but Contribute to Pulmonary Inflammation During Pneumocystis Pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:782-91. [PMID: 27324243 PMCID: PMC4978378 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucans, which can activate innate immune responses, are a major component in the cell wall of the cyst form of Pneumocystis In the current study, we examined whether β-1,3-glucans are masked by surface proteins in Pneumocystis and what role β-glucans play in Pneumocystis-associated inflammation. For 3 species, including Pneumocystis jirovecii, which causes Pneumocystis pneumonia in humans, Pneumocystis carinii, and Pneumocystis murina, β-1,3-glucans were masked in most organisms, as demonstrated by increased exposure following trypsin treatment. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and microarray techniques, we demonstrated in a mouse model of Pneumocystis pneumonia that treatment with caspofungin, an inhibitor of β-1,3-glucan synthesis, for 21 days decreased expression of a broad panel of inflammatory markers, including interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and multiple chemokines/chemokine ligands. Thus, β-glucans in Pneumocystis cysts are largely masked, which likely decreases innate immune activation; this mechanism presumably was developed for interactions with immunocompetent hosts, in whom organism loads are substantially lower. In immunosuppressed hosts with a high organism burden, organism death and release of glucans appears to be an important contributor to deleterious host inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kutty
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - A Sally Davis
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan
| | - Gabriela A Ferreyra
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Ju Qiu
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland
| | - Da Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland
| | - Monica Sassi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Lisa Bishop
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Grace Handley
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Brad Sherman
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland
| | - Richard Lempicki
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland
| | - Joseph A Kovacs
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhong J, Huang W, Deng Q, Wu M, Jiang H, Lin X, Sun Y, Huang X, Yuan J. Inhibition of TREM-1 and Dectin-1 Alleviates the Severity of Fungal Keratitis by Modulating Innate Immune Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150114. [PMID: 26963514 PMCID: PMC4786258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the possibility that inhibiting triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1(Dectin-1) could modulate the innate immune response and alleviate the severity of corneal fungal keratitis. METHOD TREM-1 and Dectin-1 expression was detected in fungus-infected human corneal specimens by real-time PCR. C57BL/6 (B6) mice were injected with Aspergillus fumigatus and divided into 4 groups that received subconjunctival injections of PBS and IgG as a control (group I), mTREM-1/IgG fusion protein (group II), the soluble β-glucan antagonist laminarin (group III), or mTREM-1/Fc and laminarin (group IV). Corneal virulence was evaluated based on clinical scores. TREM-1 and Dectin-1 mRNA levels were assayed using real-time PCR. The distribution patterns of TREM-1, Dectin-1 and cellular infiltrates in fungus-infected corneas were examined by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, changes in T Helper Type1 (Th1)-/ T Helper Type1 (Th2)- type cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. RESULTS The expression of TREM-1 and Dectin-1 increased significantly and correlated positively with the progression of fungal keratitis. Most infiltrated cells were neutrophils and secondarily macrophages in infected cornea. The clinical scores decreased after interfering with TREM-1 and Dectin-1 expression in infected mouse corneas. Levels of Th1-type cytokines including interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were decreased in the cornea, while the levels of Th2-type cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10, showed obvious increases. CONCLUSION TREM-1 and Dectin-1 function concurrently in the corneal innate immune response by regulating inflammatory cytokine expression in fungal keratitis. Inhibition of TREM-1 and Dectin-1 can alleviate the severity of corneal damage by downregulating the excessive inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
| | - Weilan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
| | - Qiuchan Deng
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Human virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Human virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huaili Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
| | - Yifang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Human virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (JY)
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (JY)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nakamura T, Nishibu A, Yoshida N, Yasoshima M, Anzawa K, Watanabe Y, Nagai Y, Takatsu K, Ogawa K, Mochizuki T. Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits contact hypersensitivity induced by trichophytin via dectin-1. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:299-304. [PMID: 26739065 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton infection is highly prevalent and tends to be recurrent. Therefore, it is important to develop new therapeutic agents. Previously, we established a mouse model of Trichophyton-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and demonstrated that dectin-1 was involved in inflammation induced by trichophytin, the Trichophyton antigen. Here, we used that model to investigate glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) from plants of the genus Glycyrrhiza as a potential anti-inflammatory agent against superficial mycoses. GA suppressed swelling and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA. Anti-MIP-2 antibody suppressed trichophytin-induced inflammation, and antidectin-1 antibody suppressed zymosan-induced MIP-2 production in keratinocyte cells. These results suggest that MIP-2 is produced by dectin-1 activation and is involved in inflammation associated with CHS to trichophytin. GA also suppressed zymosan-induced MIP-2 and interleukin (IL)-8, production in mouse and human macrophages and keratinocytes. Furthermore, GA suppressed the phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B (IκBα) and the degradation of IκBα in zymosan-simulated RAW264.7 cells. The results of this study suggest that GA suppresses inflammation induced by trichophytin, partly by the downregulation of Syk phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishibu
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshida
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Kazushi Anzawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ogawa
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Mochizuki
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Karnam A, Holla S, Balaji KN. Sonic hedgehog-responsive lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase-2 modulate Dectin-1-induced inflammatory cytokines. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:280-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
35
|
β-(1→3),(1→6)-Glucans: medicinal activities, characterization, biosynthesis and new horizons. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7893-906. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
36
|
Noss I, Ozment TR, Graves BM, Kruppa MD, Rice PJ, Williams DL. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fungal β-(1→6)-glucan in macrophages. Innate Immun 2015. [PMID: 26209532 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915595874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 40 yr, the majority of research on glucans has focused on β-(1→3)-glucans. Recent studies indicate that β-(1→6)-glucans may be even more potent immune modulators than β-(1→3)-glucans. Mechanisms by which β-(1→6)-glucans are recognized and modulate immunity are unknown. In this study, we examined the interaction of purified water-soluble β-(1→6)-glucans with macrophage cell lines and primary peritoneal macrophages and the cellular and molecular consequences of this interaction. Our results indicate the existence of a specific β-(1→6)-glucan receptor that internalizes the glucan ligand via a clathrin-dependent mechanism. We show that the known β-(1→3)-glucans receptors are not responsible for β-(1→6)-glucan recognition and interaction. The receptor-ligand uptake/interaction has an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of ∼ 4 µM, and was associated with phosphorylation of ERK and JNK but not IκB-α or p38. Our results indicate that macrophage interaction with β-(1→6)-glucans may lead to modulation of genes associated with anti-fungal immunity and recruitment/activation of neutrophils. In summary, we show that macrophages specifically bind and internalize β-(1→6)-glucans followed by activation of intracellular signaling and modulation of anti-fungal immune response-related gene regulation. Thus, we conclude that the interaction between innate immunity and β-(1→6)-glucans may play an important role in shaping the anti-fungal immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Noss
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammy R Ozment
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Bridget M Graves
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Michael D Kruppa
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Peter J Rice
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Identification of novel mechanisms involved in generating localized vulvodynia pain. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:38.e1-38.e12. [PMID: 25683963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to gain a better understanding of the inflammatory pathways affected during localized vulvodynia, a poorly understood, common, and debilitating condition characterized by chronic pain of the vulvar vestibule. STUDY DESIGN In a control matched study, primary human fibroblast strains were generated from biopsies collected from localized provoked vulvodynia (LPV) cases and from age- and race-matched controls. We then examined intracellular mechanisms by which these fibroblasts recognize pathogenic Candida albicans; >70% of vulvodynia patients report the occurrence of prior chronic Candida infections, which is accompanied by localized inflammation and elevated production of proinflammatory/pain-associated interleukin (IL)-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We focused on examining the signaling pathways involved in recognition of yeast components that are present and abundant during chronic infection. RESULTS Dectin-1, a surface receptor that binds C albicans cell wall glucan, was significantly elevated in vestibular vs external vulvar cells (from areas without pain) in both cases and controls, while its abundance was highest in LPV cases. Blocking Dectin-1 signaling significantly reduced pain-associated IL-6 and PGE2 production during the response to C albicans. Furthermore, LPV patient vestibular cells produced inflammatory mediators in response to low numbers of C albicans cells, while external vulvar fibroblasts were nonresponsive. Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (proinflammatory transcription factor) nearly abrogated IL-6 and PGE2 production induced by C albicans, in keeping with observations that Dectin-1 signals through the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway. CONCLUSION These findings implicate that a fibroblast-mediated proinflammatory response to C albicans contributes to the induction of pain in LPV cases. Targeting this response may be an ideal strategy for the development of new vulvodynia therapies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Pingsusaen P, Kunanusorn P, Khonsung P, Chiranthanut N, Panthong A, Rujjanawate C. Investigation of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of Stahlianthus involucratus rhizome ethanol extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:199-206. [PMID: 25446630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stahlianthus involucratus (Zingiberaceae) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and fever. However, no pharmacological study of this plant has been reported to confirm these activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of Stahlianthus involucratus rhizome ethanol extract (SiE) in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity of SiE was investigated in rats using ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema, carrageenan- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced hind paw edema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation models. Acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice and tail-flick test in rats as well as yeast-induced hyperthermia in rats were used to investigate the antinociceptive and antipyretic activities, respectively. RESULTS SiE significantly inhibited EPP-induced ear edema, carrageenan- and AA-induced hind paw edema. Its inhibitory effect in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema seemed to be in a dose-dependent manner. In cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, SiE showed suppressive effects on granuloma formation but not on body weight gain and dry thymus weight. It could normalize serum alkaline phosphatase activity to nearly normal level. SiE also possessed a significant inhibitory effect, which seemed to be dose-dependent, on acetic acid-induced writhing response, whereas only at the highest dose of SiE could significantly increase test reaction time at all time-points in tail-flick test. However, no antipyretic activity was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SiE possesses anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive, but not antipyretic, activities. This study therefore rationalizes the traditional use of SiE for the treatment of inflammation and pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phornchai Pingsusaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puongtip Kunanusorn
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Parirat Khonsung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Natthakarn Chiranthanut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ampai Panthong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Black yeasts and their filamentous relatives: principles of pathogenesis and host defense. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:527-42. [PMID: 24982320 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00093-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the melanized fungi, the so-called "black yeasts" and their filamentous relatives are particularly significant as agents of severe phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma in humans and animals. The pathogenicity and virulence of these fungi may differ significantly between closely related species. The factors which probably are of significance for pathogenicity include the presence of melanin and carotene, formation of thick cell walls and meristematic growth, presence of yeast-like phases, thermo- and perhaps also osmotolerance, adhesion, hydrophobicity, assimilation of aromatic hydrocarbons, and production of siderophores. Host defense has been shown to rely mainly on the ingestion and elimination of fungal cells by cells of the innate immune system, especially neutrophils and macrophages. However, there is increasing evidence supporting a role of T-cell-mediated immune responses, with increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and low levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) being deleterious during the infection. There are no standardized therapies for treatment. It is therefore important to obtain in vitro susceptibilities of individual patients' fungal isolates in order to provide useful information for selection of appropriate treatment protocols. This article discusses the pathogenesis and host defense factors for these fungi and their severity, chronicity, and subsequent impact on treatment and prevention of diseases in human or animal hosts.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mann PA, McLellan CA, Koseoglu S, Si Q, Kuzmin E, Flattery A, Harris G, Sher X, Murgolo N, Wang H, Devito K, de Pedro N, Genilloud O, Kahn JN, Jiang B, Costanzo M, Boone C, Garlisi CG, Lindquist S, Roemer T. Chemical Genomics-Based Antifungal Drug Discovery: Targeting Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Precursor Biosynthesis. ACS Infect Dis 2015; 1:59-72. [PMID: 26878058 PMCID: PMC4739577 DOI: 10.1021/id5000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Steadily increasing antifungal drug resistance and persistent high rates of fungal-associated mortality highlight the dire need for the development of novel antifungals. Characterization of inhibitors of one enzyme in the GPI anchor pathway, Gwt1, has generated interest in the exploration of targets in this pathway for further study. Utilizing a chemical genomics-based screening platform referred to as the Candida albicans fitness test (CaFT), we have identified novel inhibitors of Gwt1 and a second enzyme in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) cell wall anchor pathway, Mcd4. We further validate these targets using the model fungal organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae and demonstrate the utility of using the facile toolbox that has been compiled in this species to further explore target specific biology. Using these compounds as probes, we demonstrate that inhibition of Mcd4 as well as Gwt1 blocks the growth of a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens and exposes key elicitors of pathogen recognition. Interestingly, a strong chemical synergy is also observed by combining Gwt1 and Mcd4 inhibitors, mirroring the demonstrated synthetic lethality of combining conditional mutants of GWT1 and MCD4. We further demonstrate that the Mcd4 inhibitor M720 is efficacious in a murine infection model of systemic candidiasis. Our results establish Mcd4 as a promising antifungal target and confirm the GPI cell wall anchor synthesis pathway as a promising antifungal target area by demonstrating that effects of inhibiting it are more general than previously recognized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Mann
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Catherine A. McLellan
- Whitehead Institute
for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sandra Koseoglu
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qian Si
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Elena Kuzmin
- Banting and
Best Department of Medical Research, Terrance Donnally Centre of Cellular
and Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Flattery
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Guy Harris
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xinwei Sher
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nicholas Murgolo
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kristine Devito
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Fundación
Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores
en Andalucı́a, Medina, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud , Avenida Conocimiento 34, 18016 Grenada, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación
Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores
en Andalucı́a, Medina, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud , Avenida Conocimiento 34, 18016 Grenada, Spain
| | - Jennifer Nielsen Kahn
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bo Jiang
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Costanzo
- Banting and
Best Department of Medical Research, Terrance Donnally Centre of Cellular
and Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlie Boone
- Banting and
Best Department of Medical Research, Terrance Donnally Centre of Cellular
and Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles G. Garlisi
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute
for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Terry Roemer
- Merck Research
Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Banerjee S, Parasramka M, Paruthy SB. Polysaccharides in Cancer Prevention: From Bench to Bedside. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
42
|
Yu HB, Yurieva M, Balachander A, Foo I, Leong X, Zelante T, Zolezzi F, Poidinger M, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P. NFATc2 mediates epigenetic modification of dendritic cell cytokine and chemokine responses to dectin-1 stimulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:836-47. [PMID: 25550437 PMCID: PMC4333412 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NFATc2 regulates dendritic cell (DC) responses to microbial stimulation through the C-type lectin receptor dectin-1. But the genetic targets of NFATc2 and their effects on DC function remain largely unknown. Therefore we used ChIP-seq to conduct genome-wide mapping of NFATc2 target sites in dectin-1-activated DCs. By combining binding-site data with a comprehensive gene expression profile, we found that NFATc2 occupancy regulates the expression of a subset of dectin-1-activated genes. Surprisingly, NFATc2 targeted an extensive range of DC-derived cytokines and chemokines, including regulatory cytokines such as IL2, IL23a and IL12b. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NFATc2 binding is required to induce the histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) epigenetic mark, which is associated with enhanced gene expression. Together, these data show that the transcription factor NFATc2 mediates epigenetic modification of DC cytokine and chemokine genes leading to activation of their expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bing Yu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Marina Yurieva
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Ivy Foo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Xiangrong Leong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Biopolis, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Banerjee S, Parasramka M, Paruthy SB. Polysaccharides in Cancer Prevention: From Bench to Bedside. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_26-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
44
|
Rizzetto L, De Filippo C, Cavalieri D. Richness and diversity of mammalian fungal communities shape innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3166-81. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rizzetto
- Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; San Michele all'Adige TN Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; San Michele all'Adige TN Italy
| | - Duccio Cavalieri
- Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; San Michele all'Adige TN Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang ZK, Yang YS, Stefka AT, Sun G, Peng LH. Review article: fungal microbiota and digestive diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:751-66. [PMID: 24612332 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the fungal microbiota in digestive diseases is poorly defined, but is becoming better understood due to advances in metagenomics. AIM To review the gastrointestinal fungal microbiota and its relationship with digestive diseases. METHODS Search of the literature using PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Subject headings including 'fungal-bacterial interactions', 'mycotoxins', 'immunity to fungi', 'fungal infection', 'fungal microbiota', 'mycobiome' and 'digestive diseases' were used. RESULTS The fungal microbiota is an integral part of the gastrointestinal microecosystem with up to 10(6) microorganisms per gram of faeces. Next-generation sequencing of the fungal 18S rRNA gene has allowed better characterisation of the gastrointestinal mycobiome. Numerous interactions between fungi and bacteria and the complex immune response to gastrointestinal commensal or pathogenic fungi all impact on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal inflammatory entities such as peptic ulcers. Mycotoxins generated as fungal metabolites contribute to disturbances of gastrointestinal barrier and immune functions and are associated with chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions as well as hepatocellular and oesophagogastric cancer. Systemic and gastrointestinal disease can also lead to secondary fungal infections. Fungal genomic databases and methodologies need to be further developed and will allow a much better understanding of the diversity and function of the mycobiome in gastrointestinal inflammation, tumourigenesis, liver cirrhosis and transplantation, and its alteration as a consequence of antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The fungal microbiota and its metabolites impact gastrointestinal function and contribute to the pathogenesis of digestive diseases. Further metagenomic analyses of the gastrointestinal mycobiome in health and disease is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z K Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mihu MR, Pattabhi R, Nosanchuk JD. The impact of antifungals on toll-like receptors. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:99. [PMID: 24672516 PMCID: PMC3954077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are increasingly recognized as major pathogens in immunocompromised individuals. With the increase in the number of fungal infections each year and the development of resistance to current therapy, new approaches to treatment including stimulation of the immune response in addition to concurrent pharmacotherapy is ongoing. The most common invasive fungal infections are caused by Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Cryptococcus spp. Amphotericin B (AmB) has remained the cornerstone of therapy against many fulminant fungal infections but its use is limited by its multitude of side effects. Echinocandins are a newer class of antifungal drugs with activity against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. and constitutes an alternative to AmB due to superior patient tolerability and fewer side effects. Due to their oral delivery, azoles continue to be heavily used for simple and complex diseases, such as fluconazole for candidal vaginitis and voriconazole for aspergillosis. The objective of this paper is to present current knowledge regarding the multiple interactions between the broad spectrum antifungals and the innate immune response, primarily focusing on the toll-like receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mircea R Mihu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rodney Pattabhi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY, USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thompson IJ, Oyston PCF, Williamson DE. Potential of the β-glucans to enhance innate resistance to biological agents. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 8:339-52. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
48
|
Effect of Histoplasma capsulatum glucans on host innate immunity. Rev Iberoam Micol 2014; 31:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
49
|
Hamilos DL. Host-microbial interactions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:640-53.e4. [PMID: 24290275 PMCID: PMC7112254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There has been considerable investigation of host-microbial interactions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in hopes of elucidating mechanisms of disease and better treatment. Most attention has been paid to bacterial infection and potential underlying defects in innate immunity. Bacterial biofilm is present in most patients with CRS undergoing surgical intervention, and its presence is associated with more severe disease and worse surgical outcomes. A role for viral or fungal infection in patients with CRS is less clear. There is no evidence for a primary defect in mucociliary clearance in most patients with CRS. Decreased levels of certain antimicrobial proteins, most notably lactoferrin, have been found in sinus secretions, whereas levels of other antimicrobial proteins have been found to be normal. No primary defects in Toll-like receptors have been found in patients with CRS, although a 50% reduced expression of Toll-like receptor 9 was reported in patients with recalcitrant nasal polyps. A polymorphism in a bitter taste receptor was recently associated with refractory CRS and persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. A downregulation of innate immunity by maladaptive TH2 tissue inflammation has also been described in patients with recalcitrant nasal polyps, suggesting a link to persistent infection. To date, an effective means of restoring host-microbial balance and mitigating disease in patients with CRS remains elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Hamilos
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xu X, Yan H, Tang J, Chen J, Zhang X. Polysaccharides inLentinus edodes: Isolation, Structure, Immunomodulating Activity and Future Prospective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 54:474-87. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.587616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|