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Yan X, Yang Y, Guan H, Zhang X, Li L, Yu P. Exosomal LINC00958 maintains ovarian cancer cell stemness and induces M2 macrophage polarization via Hedgehog signaling pathway and GLI1 protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135080. [PMID: 39187098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00958 has been reported to promote many gynecological cancers, but its detailed function in OC remains unclear. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been reported to participate in the occurrence and metastasis of cancers. We want to explore the effects of exosomal LINC00958 on cell stemness and macrophage polarization in OC. LINC00958 expression was first verified in OC cells and its function on cell stemness was verified by subcellular fractionation analysis, sphere formation assay and so on. Exosomal LINC00958 was secreted from OC cells and the model of M2 macrophage polarization was established to further verify the impact of exosomal LINC00958 on the cell stemness and macrophage polarization of OC cells using several mechanism experiments including flow cytometry, RNA pulldown, luciferase reporter assays and so on. LINC00958 was up-regulated in OC cells and exosomal LINC00958 enhanced the stem cell-like properties of OC cells and M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, LINC00958 combined with glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) to activate Hedgehog pathway, thereby promoting M2 polarization. Exosomal LINC00958 maintained OC cell stemness and induced M2 polarization via the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichan Yan
- Qiandongnan People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yinong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haichen Guan
- Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Penghui Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan Province, China.
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2
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Jin Y, Pan Z, Zhou J, Wang K, Zhu P, Wang Y, Xu X, Zhang J, Hao C. Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates Th17 cell differentiation in asthma via IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112771. [PMID: 39074418 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in children. The most prevalent phenotype of asthma is eosinophilic asthma, which is driven by a Th2 immune response and can be effectively managed by inhaled corticosteroid therapy. However, there are phenotypes of asthma with Th17 immune response that are insensitive to corticosteroid therapy and manifest a more severe phenotype. The treatment of this corticosteroid-insensitive asthma is currently immature and requires further attention. The objective of this study is to elucidate the regulation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in Th17 cell differentiation in asthma. The study demonstrated that both Smo and Gli3, key components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, were upregulated in Th17 polarization in vitro and in a Th17-dominant asthma model in vivo. Inhibiting Smo with a small molecule inhibitor or genetically knocking down Gli3 was found to suppress Th17 polarization. Smo was found to increase in Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg polarization, while Gli3 specifically increased in Th17 polarization. ChIP-qPCR analyses indicated that Gli3 can directly interact with IL-6 in T cells, inducing STAT3 phosphorylation and promoting Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, the study demonstrated a correlation between elevated Gli3 expression and IL-17A and IL-6 expression in children with asthma. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the Hedgehog signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, as it regulates the differentiation of Th17 cells through the IL-6/STAT3 signaling. This may provide a potential therapeutic target for corticosteroid-insensitive asthma driven by Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Department of Respiration, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Peijie Zhu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuena Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chuangli Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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3
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Han R, Zhu D, Sha J, Zhao B, Jin P, Meng C. Decoding the role of DNA methylation in allergic diseases: from pathogenesis to therapy. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:89. [PMID: 38965641 PMCID: PMC11225420 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and symptoms, encompass a significant category of IgE-mediated atopic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. These complex conditions arise from the intricate interplay between genetic and environmental factors and are known to contribute to socioeconomic burdens globally. Recent advancements in the study of allergic diseases have illuminated the crucial role of DNA methylation (DNAm) in their pathogenesis. This review explores the factors influencing DNAm in allergic diseases and delves into their mechanisms, offering valuable perspectives for clinicians. Understanding these epigenetic modifications aims to lay the groundwork for improved early prevention strategies. Moreover, our analysis of DNAm mechanisms in these conditions seeks to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, paving the way for more effective management of allergic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Airway Allergic Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Jichao Sha
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Airway Allergic Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Boning Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael ST NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Cuida Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Airway Allergic Diseases, Changchun, China.
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4
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Hanna J, de la Roche M. Hedgehog signalling in CD4 + T helper cell polarisation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 168:106518. [PMID: 38216086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are critical in orchestrating immune responses against various pathogens and cancer but can also be drivers of autoimmune disease, allergy and pro-tumour responses. Naïve CD4+ T cells polarise into specialised T helper cell subsets with unique effector functions. While the guiding transcription factors and effector molecules of the T helper cell lineages are well understood, the signalling pathways orchestrating the intricate T helper cell polarisation programmes remain poorly understood. Here we review an emerging role of Hedgehog signalling - a classical morphogen signalling pathway - in T helper cell polarisation. Importantly, the Hedgehog pathway is pharmacologically highly tractable and existing clinically-approved Hedgehog inhibitors may prove useful therapeutic modulators of T helper cell-driven immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Hanna
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Maike de la Roche
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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5
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Li Y, Ming M, Li C, Liu S, Zhang D, Song T, Tan J, Zhang J. The emerging role of the hedgehog signaling pathway in immunity response and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2259127. [PMID: 37740690 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2259127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) family is a prototypical morphogen involved in embryonic patterning, multi-lineage differentiation, self-renewal, morphogenesis, and regeneration. There are studies that have demonstrated that the Hh signaling pathway differentiates developing T cells into MHC-restricted self-antigen tolerant T cells in a concentration-dependent manner in the thymus. Whereas Hh signaling pathway is not required in the differentiation of B cells but is indispensable in maintaining the regeneration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the viability of germinal centers (GCs) B cells. The Hh signaling pathway exerts both positive and negative effects on immune responses, which involves activating human peripheral CD4+ T cells, regulating the accumulation of natural killer T (NKT) cells, recruiting and activating macrophages, increasing CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the inflammation sites to sustain homeostasis. Hedgehog signaling is involved in the patterning of the embryo, as well as homeostasis of adult tissues. Therefore, this review aims to highlight evidence for Hh signaling in the differentiation, function of immune cells and autoimmune disease. Targeting Hh signaling promises to be a novel, alternative or adjunct approach to treating tumors and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Min Ming
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- People's Hospital of Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Songpo Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Zunyi Medical University Library, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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6
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Emerging Roles of Hedgehog Signaling in Cancer Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021321. [PMID: 36674836 PMCID: PMC9864846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog-GLI (HH) signaling plays an essential role in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant activation of the pathway through mutations or other mechanisms is involved in the development and progression of numerous types of cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, breast, prostate, hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinomas. Activation of HH signaling sustains proliferation, suppresses cell death signals, enhances invasion and metastasis, deregulates cellular metabolism and promotes angiogenesis and tumor inflammation. Targeted inhibition of the HH pathway has therefore emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Currently, the Smoothened (SMO) receptor and the downstream GLI transcriptional factors have been investigated for the development of targeted drugs. Recent studies have revealed that the HH signaling is also involved in tumor immune evasion and poor responses to cancer immunotherapy. Here we focus on the effects of HH signaling on the major cellular components of the adaptive and innate immune systems, and we present recent discoveries elucidating how the immunosuppressive function of the HH pathway is engaged by cancer cells to prevent immune surveillance. In addition, we discuss the future prospect of therapeutic options combining the HH pathway and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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7
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Lau CI, Yánez DC, Papaioannou E, Ross S, Crompton T. Sonic Hedgehog signalling in the regulation of barrier tissue homeostasis and inflammation. FEBS J 2022; 289:8050-8061. [PMID: 34614300 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barrier tissues such as the skin and airway form an essential interface between the mammalian host and its external environment. These physical barriers are crucial to prevent damage and disease from environmental insults and allergens. Failure to maintain barrier function against such risks can lead to severe inflammatory disorders, including atopic dermatitis and asthma. Here, we discuss the role of the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog in postnatal skin and lung and the impact of Shh signalling on repair, inflammation, and atopic disease in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eleftheria Papaioannou
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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8
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El-Baz LM, Elaidy SM, Hafez HS, Shoukry NM. Vismodegib, a sonic hedgehog signalling blockade, ameliorates ovalbumin and ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation and asthma phenotypical models. Life Sci 2022; 310:121119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Hedgehog Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Airway Remodeling and Inflammation in Allergic Asthma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193016. [PMID: 36230980 PMCID: PMC9562640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that variants of patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) are associated with lung function abnormalities in the general population. It has also been shown that sonic hedgehog (SHH), an important ligand for PTCH1, is upregulated in the airway epithelium of patients with asthma and is suggested to be involved in airway remodeling. The contribution of hedgehog signaling to airway remodeling and inflammation in asthma is poorly described. To determine the biological role of hedgehog signaling-associated genes in asthma, gene silencing, over-expression, and pharmacologic inhibition studies were conducted after stimulating human airway epithelial cells or not with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), an important fibrotic mediator in asthmatic airway remodeling that also interacts with SHH pathway. TGFβ1 increased hedgehog-signaling-related gene expression including SHH, GLI1 and GLI2. Knockdown of PTCH1 or SMO with siRNA, or use of hedgehog signaling inhibitors, consistently attenuated COL1A1 expression induced by TGFβ1 stimulation. In contrast, Ptch1 over-expression augmented TGFβ1-induced an increase in COL1A1 and MMP2 gene expression. We also showed an increase in hedgehog-signaling-related gene expression in primary airway epithelial cells from controls and asthmatics at different stages of cellular differentiation. GANT61, an inhibitor of GLI1/2, attenuated TGFβ1-induced increase in COL1A1 protein expression in primary airway epithelial cells differentiated in air–liquid interface. Finally, to model airway tissue remodeling in vivo, C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) and Ptch1+/− mice were intranasally challenged with house dust mite (HDM) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. Ptch1+/− mice showed reduced sub-epithelial collagen expression and serum inflammatory proteins compared to WT mice in response to HDM challenge. In conclusion, TGFβ1-induced airway remodeling is partially mediated through the hedgehog signaling pathway via the PTCH1-SMO-GLI axis. The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a promising new potential therapeutic target to alleviate airway tissue remodeling in patients with allergic airways disease.
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10
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Yánez DC, Lau CI, Papaioannou E, Chawda MM, Rowell J, Ross S, Furmanski A, Crompton T. The Pioneer Transcription Factor Foxa2 Modulates T Helper Differentiation to Reduce Mouse Allergic Airway Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890781. [PMID: 36003391 PMCID: PMC9393229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxa2, a member of the Forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors, plays an important role in the regulation of lung function and lung tissue homeostasis. FOXA2 expression is reduced in the lung and airways epithelium of asthmatic patients and in mice absence of Foxa2 from the lung epithelium contributes to airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia. Here we demonstrate a novel role for Foxa2 in the regulation of T helper differentiation and investigate its impact on lung inflammation. Conditional deletion of Foxa2 from T-cells led to increased Th2 cytokine secretion and differentiation, but decreased Th1 differentiation and IFN-γ expression in vitro. Induction of mouse allergic airway inflammation resulted in more severe disease in the conditional Foxa2 knockout than in control mice, with increased cellular infiltration to the lung, characterized by the recruitment of eosinophils and basophils, increased mucus production and increased production of Th2 cytokines and serum IgE. Thus, these experiments suggest that Foxa2 expression in T-cells is required to protect against the Th2 inflammatory response in allergic airway inflammation and that Foxa2 is important in T-cells to maintain the balance of effector cell differentiation and function in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mira M Chawda
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Furmanski
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Gambini D, Passoni E, Nazzaro G, Beltramini G, Tomasello G, Ghidini M, Kuhn E, Garrone O. Basal Cell Carcinoma and Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors: Focus on Immune Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:893063. [PMID: 35775005 PMCID: PMC9237470 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.893063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer, affecting more often elderly patients, but sometimes even younger ones, particularly if immunocompromised or genetically predisposed. Specifically, the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, an autosomal dominant genodermatosis, also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, characterizes for multiple early onset BCCs. It is caused by a germline mutation in PTCH1, a tumor suppressor gene whose product is the key component of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which also appears somatically mutated in more than 85% of sporadic BCCs. Hh pathway inhibitors vismodegib and sonidegib are currently indicated for BCC, in adults with advanced or recurred tumor following surgery or radiation therapy. The principal mechanism of action of these drugs is the inhibition of Smoothened (SMO), a transmembrane protein involved in Hh signal transduction, that plays a role in both cellular differentiation and cancer development. Some studies have reported effects of Hh pathway inhibitors at different levels of the immune response, from cytotoxic T cells to a modified local cytokines pattern. Given the specific relation between immune system and BCC development in some conditions, we will review BCC with focus on immune system changes mediated by Hh signaling pathway and induced by the inhibitors vismodegib and sonidegib in the treatment of BCC. Thus, we will give an overview of their effects on the local immune response, as well as a brief note on the supposed function of Hh pathway inhibition on the systemic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Gambini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donatella Gambini
| | - Emanuela Passoni
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Nazzaro
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Beltramini
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tomasello
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Kuhn
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Elisabetta Kuhn
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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12
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Hedgehog Signalling Modulates Immune Response and Protects against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063171. [PMID: 35328591 PMCID: PMC8954986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for the embryonic development and homeostatic maintenance of many adult tissues and organs. It has also been associated with some functions of the innate and adaptive immune system. However, its involvement in the immune response has not been well determined. Here we study the role of Hh signalling in the modulation of the immune response by using the Ptch-1-LacZ+/- mouse model (hereinafter referred to as ptch+/-), in which the hemizygous inactivation of Patched-1, the Hh receptor gene, causes the constitutive activation of Hh response genes. The in vitro TCR stimulation of spleen and lymph node (LN) T cells showed increased levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in ptch+/-cells compared to control cells from wild-type (wt) littermates, suggesting that the Th2 phenotype is favoured by Hh pathway activation. In addition, CD4+ cells secreted less IL-17, and the establishment of the Th1 phenotype was impaired in ptch+/- mice. Consistently, in response to an inflammatory challenge by the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), ptch+/- mice showed milder clinical scores and more minor spinal cord damage than wt mice. These results demonstrate a role for the Hh/ptch pathway in immune response modulation and highlight the usefulness of the ptch+/- mouse model for the study of T-cell-mediated diseases and for the search for new therapeutic strategies in inflammatory diseases.
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13
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Yánez DC, Papaioannou E, Chawda MM, Rowell J, Ross S, Lau CI, Crompton T. Systemic Pharmacological Smoothened Inhibition Reduces Lung T-Cell Infiltration and Ameliorates Th2 Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737245. [PMID: 34580585 PMCID: PMC8463265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a common inflammatory airway disease in which Th2 immune response and inflammation are thought to be triggered by inhalation of environmental allergens. Many studies using mouse models and human tissues and genome-wide association have indicated that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway are involved in allergic asthma and that Shh is upregulated in the lung on disease induction. We used a papain-induced mouse model of allergic airway inflammation to investigate the impact of systemic pharmacological inhibition of the Hh signal transduction molecule smoothened on allergic airway disease induction and severity. Smoothened-inhibitor treatment reduced the induction of Shh, IL-4, and IL-13 in the lung and decreased serum IgE, as well as the expression of Smo, Il4, Il13, and the mucin gene Muc5ac in lung tissue. Smoothened inhibitor treatment reduced cellular infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and CD4+ T-cells to the lung, and eosinophils and CD4+ T-cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage. In the mediastinal lymph nodes, smoothened inhibitor treatment reduced the number of CD4+ T-cells, and the cell surface expression of Th2 markers ST2 and IL-4rα and expression of Th2 cytokines. Thus, overall pharmacological smoothened inhibition attenuated T-cell infiltration to the lung and Th2 function and reduced disease severity and inflammation in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Mira M. Chawda
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Zhang J, Fan J, Zeng X, Nie M, Luan J, Wang Y, Ju D, Yin K. Hedgehog signaling in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis and the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:609-620. [PMID: 33777671 PMCID: PMC7982428 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays important roles in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis and the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment (TME). Aberrant HH signaling activation may accelerate the growth of gastrointestinal tumors and lead to tumor immune tolerance and drug resistance. The interaction between HH signaling and the TME is intimately involved in these processes, for example, tumor growth, tumor immune tolerance, inflammation, and drug resistance. Evidence indicates that inflammatory factors in the TME, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), macrophages, and T cell-dependent immune responses, play a vital role in tumor growth by affecting the HH signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of proliferating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and inflammatory factors can normalize the TME by suppressing HH signaling. Furthermore, aberrant HH signaling activation is favorable to both the proliferation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the drug resistance of gastrointestinal tumors. This review discusses the current understanding of the role and mechanism of aberrant HH signaling activation in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis, the gastrointestinal TME, tumor immune tolerance and drug resistance and highlights the underlying therapeutic opportunities.
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Key Words
- 5-Fu, 5-fluorouracil
- ALK5, TGF-β receptor I kinase
- ATO, arsenic trioxide
- BCC, basal cell carcinoma
- BCL-2, B cell lymphoma 2
- BMI-1, B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CSCs, cancer stem cells
- Cancer stem cells
- Carcinogenesis
- DHH, Desert Hedgehog
- Drug resistance
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- FOLFOX, oxaliplatin
- G protein coupled receptor kinase 2, HH
- Gastrointestinal cancer
- Hedgehog
- Hedgehog, HIF-1α
- IHH, Indian Hedgehog
- IL-10/6, interleukin 10/6
- ITCH, itchy E3 ubiquitin ligase
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- NK, natural killer
- NOX4, NADPH Oxidase 4
- PD-1, programmed cell death-1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand-1
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PTCH, Patched
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SHH, Sonic Hedgehog
- SMAD3, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
- SMO, Smoothened
- SNF5, sucrose non-fermenting 5
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- SUFU, Suppressor of Fused
- TAMs, tumor-related macrophages
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WNT, Wingless/Integrated
- and leucovorin, GLI
- ch5E1, chimeric monoclonal antibody 5E1
- glioma-associated oncogene homologue, GRK2
- hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, IFN-γ: interferon-γ
- βArr2, β-arrestin2
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingming Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 65349106 (Kai Yin); Tel.: +86 21 5198 0037; Fax +86 21 5198 0036 (Dianwen Ju).
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 65349106 (Kai Yin); Tel.: +86 21 5198 0037; Fax +86 21 5198 0036 (Dianwen Ju).
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15
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Wang X, Xu C, Ji J, Cai Y, Shu Y, Chao Y, Wu X, Zou C, Wu X, Tang L. IL-4/IL-13 upregulates Sonic hedgehog expression to induce allergic airway epithelial remodeling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L888-L899. [PMID: 32130032 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00186.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that upregulation of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) expression in allergic airway epithelia essentially contributes to the goblet cell metaplasia and mucous hypersecretion. However, the mechanism underlying the upregulation of SHH expression remains completely unknown. In cultured human airway epithelial cells, IL-4/IL-13 but not IL-5 robustly induces the mRNA and protein expression of SHH and in turn activates SHH signaling by promoting the JAK/STAT6-controlling transcription of SHH gene. Moreover, intratracheal instillation of IL-4 and/or IL-13 robustly activates STAT6 and concomitantly upregulates SHH expression in mouse airway epithelia, whereas, in Club cell 10-kDa protein (CC10)-positive airway epithelial cells of children with asthma, activated STAT6 closely correlates with the increased expression of SHH and high activity of SHH signaling. Finally, intratracheal inhibition of STAT6 by AS-1517499 significantly diminished the allergen-induced upregulation of SHH expression, goblet cell phenotypes, and airway hyperresponsiveness, in an ovalbumin- or house dust mite-induced mouse model with allergic airway inflammation,. Together, upregulation of SHH expression by IL-4/IL-13-induced JAK/STAT6 signaling contributes to allergic airway epithelial remodeling, and this study thus provides insight into how morphogen signaling is coordinated with Th2 cytokine pathways to regulate tissue remodeling in chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Shu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunqi Chao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaochun Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanfang Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Yánez DC, Ross S, Crompton T. The IFITM protein family in adaptive immunity. Immunology 2019; 159:365-372. [PMID: 31792954 PMCID: PMC7078001 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon‐inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are a family of small homologous proteins, localized in the plasma and endolysosomal membranes, which confer cellular resistance to many viruses. In addition, several distinct functions have been associated with different IFITM family members, including germ cell specification (IFITM1–IFITM3), osteoblast function and bone mineralization (IFITM5) and immune functions (IFITM1–3, IFITM6). IFITM1–3 are expressed by T cells and recent experiments have shown that the IFITM proteins are directly involved in adaptive immunity and that they regulate CD4+ T helper cell differentiation in a T‐cell‐intrinsic manner. Here we review the role of the IFITM proteins in T‐cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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17
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Yánez DC, Lau CI, Chawda MM, Ross S, Furmanski AL, Crompton T. Hedgehog signaling promotes T H2 differentiation in naive human CD4 T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1419-1423.e1. [PMID: 31351102 PMCID: PMC6843897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L Furmanski
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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18
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Giarretta I, Gaetani E, Bigossi M, Tondi P, Asahara T, Pola R. The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215270. [PMID: 31652910 PMCID: PMC6862352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins are prototypical morphogens known to regulate epithelial/mesenchymal interactions during embryonic development. In addition to its pivotal role in embryogenesis, the Hh signaling pathway may be recapitulated in post-natal life in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, including ischemia. This review highlights the involvement of Hh signaling in ischemic tissue regeneration and angiogenesis, with particular attention to the heart, the brain, and the skeletal muscle. Updated information on the potential role of the Hh pathway as a therapeutic target in the ischemic condition is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Giarretta
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Margherita Bigossi
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tondi
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Roberto Pola
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Zou Y, Song W, Zhou L, Mao Y, Hong W. House dust mite induces Sonic hedgehog signaling that mediates epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4674-4682. [PMID: 31702025 PMCID: PMC6797970 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) provides a valuable source of fibroblasts that produce extracellular matrix in airway walls. The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays an essential role in regulating tissue turnover and homeostasis. SHH is strikingly upregulated in the bronchial epithelia during asthma. Snail1 is a major target of SHH signaling, which regulates EMT and fibroblast motility. The present study was designed to ascertain whether the combination of house dust mite (HDM) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) could induce EMT via the SHH signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). HBEC cultures were treated with HDM/TGF‑β1 for different periods of time. The involvement of SHH signaling and EMT biomarkers was evaluated by quantitative real‑time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Small‑interfering RNA (siRNA) for glioma‑associated antigen‑1 (Gli1) or cyclopamine was used to inhibit SHH signaling in HBECs. HBECs stimulated by HDM/TGF‑β1 exhibited morphological features of EMT. E‑cadherin (an epithelial marker) was decreased after a 72‑h exposure to HDM/TGF‑β1 compared to that in the control cells, and the expression of type I collagen and FSP1 (mesenchymal markers) was increased. HDM/TGF‑β1 activated the SHH signaling pathway in HBECs, which led to Gli1 nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activation of Snail1 expression. Moreover, gene silencing or the pharmacological inhibition of Gli1 ameliorated EMT. In summary, these findings suggest that HDM/TGF‑β1 may induce EMT in HBECs via an SHH signaling mechanism. Inhibition of SHH signaling may be a novel therapeutic method for preventing airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Song
- Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hong
- Biological Laboratory Center, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510030, P.R. China
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20
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Mengrelis K, Lau CI, Rowell J, Solanki A, Norris S, Ross S, Ono M, Outram S, Crompton T. Sonic Hedgehog Is a Determinant of γδ T-Cell Differentiation in the Thymus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1629. [PMID: 31379834 PMCID: PMC6658896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we investigate the function of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in thymic γδ T-cell maturation and subset differentiation. Analysis of Hh mutants showed that Hh signaling promotes γδ T-cell development in the thymus and influences γδ T-cell effector subset distribution. Hh-mediated transcription in thymic γδ cells increased γδ T-cell number, and promoted their maturation and increased the γδNKT subset, whereas inhibition of Hh-mediated transcription reduced the thymic γδ T-cell population and increased expression of many genes that are normally down-regulated during γδ T-cell maturation. These changes were also evident in spleen, where increased Hh signaling increased γδNKT cells, but reduced CD27-CD44+ and Vγ2+ populations. Systemic in vivo pharmacological Smoothened-inhibition reduced γδ T-cell and γδNKT cells in the thymus, and also reduced splenic γδ T-cell and γδNKT populations, indicating that Hh signaling also influences homeostasis of peripheral γδ T-cell populations. Taken together our data indicate that Sonic Hedgehog is an important determinant of γδ T-cell effector subset differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anisha Solanki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Norris
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Outram
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Papaioannou E, Yánez DC, Ross S, Lau CI, Solanki A, Chawda MM, Virasami A, Ranz I, Ono M, O'Shaughnessy RFL, Crompton T. Sonic Hedgehog signaling limits atopic dermatitis via Gli2-driven immune regulation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3153-3170. [PMID: 31264977 PMCID: PMC6668675 DOI: 10.1172/jci125170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins regulate development and tissue homeostasis, but their role in atopic dermatitis (AD) remains unknown. We found that on induction of mouse AD, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) expression in skin and Hh pathway action in skin T cells were increased. Shh signaling reduced AD pathology and the levels of Shh expression determined disease severity. Hh-mediated transcription in skin T cells in AD-induced mice increased Treg populations and their suppressive function through increased active transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) in Treg signaling to skin T effector populations to reduce disease progression and pathology. RNA sequencing of skin CD4+ T cells from AD-induced mice demonstrated that Hh signaling increased expression of immunoregulatory genes and reduced expression of inflammatory and chemokine genes. Addition of recombinant Shh to cultures of naive human CD4+ T cells in iTreg culture conditions increased FOXP3 expression. Our findings establish an important role for Shh upregulation in preventing AD, by increased Gli-driven, Treg cell–mediated immune suppression, paving the way for a potential new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Papaioannou
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana C Yánez
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Susan Ross
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ching-In Lau
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anisha Solanki
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mira Manilal Chawda
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Virasami
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ismael Ranz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F L O'Shaughnessy
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Wang XZ, Zhang HH, Qian YL, Tang LF. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and CC chemokine ligand 2 signaling pathways in asthma. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:343-350. [PMID: 31058710 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which many cells are involved, including mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and so on. During the process, many chemokines and mediators are released to engage in recruiting and activating eosinophils and other inflammatory cells. Also, some signaling pathways are involved in the pathobiology of asthma. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is one of the members of hedgehog gene families. Shh signaling plays a critical role in the embryonic development, including the lung. Previous findings from our team reveal that Shh is involved in the asthma pathogenesis. Recombinant Shh could induce the CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) overexpressing and Smo inhibitor GDC-O449 could inhibit CCL2 expression in airway epithelial cells, monocytes, or macrophages. Hence, we reviewed the effects of Shh and CCL2 signaling pathways, and the interaction between signaling pathways in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang-Hu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Ling Qian
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Fang Tang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Zhan X, Zhang W, Sun T, Feng Y, Xi Y, Jiang Y, Tang X. Bulleyaconitine A Effectively Relieves Allergic Lung Inflammation in a Murine Asthmatic Model. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1656-1662. [PMID: 30828084 PMCID: PMC6413559 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bulleyaconitine A (BLA) has been widely used as analgesic against chronic inflammatory pain in China. However, its potential therapeutic role in asthma remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BLA on airway inflammation in mice with allergic asthma. Material/Methods Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups: (1) Control group (NC), (2) Asthma group (AS), (3) BLA-L group, (4) BLA-M group, (5) BLA-H group, and (6) Dexamethasone group. An asthma mouse model was established by administration of ovalbumin (OVA) and mice were sacrificed within 24 h after the last challenge. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to determine the relative expression levels of IgE and IgG in mouse serum. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and IL-4, TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels were determined by ELISA. Furthermore, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in BALF were classified and analyzed, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways of mice was determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of NF-κB1 and PKC-δ in mouse lung tissue was determined by Western blot analysis. Results The levels of serum IgE and IgG in BLA- or Dex- treated mice were significantly reduced compared to those in the asthma (AS) group (P<0.01), whereas the levels of cytokines IL-4, TNF-α, and MCP-1 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). HE-staining showed that BLA significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus secretion in lung tissue. Moreover, BLA inhibited the expression of NF-κB1 and PKC-δ via the NF-κB signaling pathway in the lung. Conclusions Our data show that BLA activates PKC-δ/NF-κB to reduce airway inflammation in allergic asthma mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Tian Sun
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yuling Feng
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yilong Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoniu Tang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
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24
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Yánez DC, Sahni H, Ross S, Solanki A, Lau C, Papaioannou E, Barbarulo A, Powell R, Lange UC, Adams DJ, Barenco M, Ono M, D'Acquisto F, Furmanski AL, Crompton T. IFITM proteins drive type 2 T helper cell differentiation and exacerbate allergic airway inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:66-78. [PMID: 30365177 PMCID: PMC6396086 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interferon‐inducible transmembrane (Ifitm/Fragilis) genes encode homologous proteins that are induced by IFNs. Here, we show that IFITM proteins regulate murine CD4+ Th cell differentiation. Ifitm2 and Ifitm3 are expressed in wild‐type (WT) CD4+ T cells. On activation, Ifitm3 was downregulated and Ifitm2 was upregulated. Resting Ifitm‐family‐deficient CD4+ T cells had higher expression of Th1‐associated genes than WT and purified naive Ifitm‐family‐deficient CD4+ T cells differentiated more efficiently to Th1, whereas Th2 differentiation was inhibited. Ifitm‐family‐deficient mice, but not Ifitm3‐deficient mice, were less susceptible than WT to induction of allergic airways disease, with a weaker Th2 response and less severe disease and lower Il4 but higher Ifng expression and IL‐27 secretion. Thus, the Ifitm family is important in adaptive immunity, influencing Th1/Th2 polarization, and Th2 immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- School of MedicineUniversidad San Francisco de QuitoQuitoEcuador
| | - Hemant Sahni
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Anisha Solanki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Ching‐In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | | | | | - Rebecca Powell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Ulrike C. Lange
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - David J. Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| | | | - Masahiro Ono
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming BuildingImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Anna L. Furmanski
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of BedfordshireLutonUK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
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25
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Xu C, Zou C, Hussain M, Shi W, Shao Y, Jiang Z, Wu X, Lu M, Wu J, Xie Q, Ke Y, Long F, Tang L, Wu X. High expression of Sonic hedgehog in allergic airway epithelia contributes to goblet cell metaplasia. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1306-1315. [PMID: 29867080 PMCID: PMC6160330 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is abundantly expressed and critical for morphogenesis in embryonic lungs; however, SHH expression drops to a much lower level in mice from E17.5 and in humans from the 21st gestational week. We find that SHH expression is robustly upregulated in the airway epithelia of children with asthma or mouse models with allergic airway disease. Specifically, airway-specific SMO loss of function significantly suppresses allergen-induced goblet cell phenotypes, whereas an airway-specific SMO gain of function markedly enhances the goblet cell phenotypes in mouse models with allergic airway disease. Notably, intratracheal administration with SHH-neutralizing antibody or cyclopamine robustly attenuates goblet cell phenotypes in mouse models with allergic airway disease. Finally, we identify that Muc5AC gene encoding MUC5AC mucin serves as a direct target of GLI transcriptional factors in response to SHH, whereas the SAM-pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor and Forkhead box A2, critical transcriptional factors for goblet cell phenotypes, both function as the effectors of GLIs in response to SHH stimulation. Together, the upregulation of SHH expression in allergic bronchial epithelia contributes to goblet cell metaplasia; thus, blockage of SHH signaling is a rational approach in a therapeutic intervention of epithelial remodeling in chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaochun Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Shao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiangmin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanxin Long
- Departments of Orthopedics, Medicine and Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lanfang Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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26
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Langie SAS, Moisse M, Szarc Vel Szic K, Van Der Plas E, Koppen G, De Prins S, Louwies T, Nelen V, Van Camp G, Lambrechts D, Schoeters G, Vanden Berghe W, De Boever P. GLI2 promoter hypermethylation in saliva of children with a respiratory allergy. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:50. [PMID: 29682088 PMCID: PMC5896137 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of respiratory allergy in children is increasing. Epigenetic DNA methylation changes are plausible underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Saliva samples collected in substudies of two longitudinal birth cohorts in Belgium (FLEHS1 & FLEHS2) were used to discover and confirm DNA methylation signatures that can differentiate individuals with respiratory allergy from healthy subjects. Genome-wide analysis with Illumina Methylation 450K BeadChips revealed 23 differentially methylated gene regions (DMRs) in saliva from 11y old allergic children (N=26) vs. controls (N=20) in FLEHS1. A subset of 7 DMRs was selected for confirmation by iPLEX MassArray analysis. First, iPLEX analysis was performed in the same 46 FLEHS1 samples for analytical confirmation of the findings obtained during the discovery phase. iPLEX results correlated significantly with the 450K array data (P <0.0001) and confirmed 4 out of the 7 DMRs. Aiming for additional biological confirmation, the 7 DMRs were analyzed using iPLEX in a substudy of an independent birth cohort (FLEHS2; N=19 cases vs. 20 controls, aged 5 years). One DMR in the GLI2 promoter region showed a consistent statistically significant hypermethylation in individuals with respiratory allergy across the two birth cohorts and technologies. In addition to its involvement in TGF-β signaling and T-helper differentiation, GLI2 has a regulating role in lung development. Conclusion GLI2 is considered an interesting candidate DNA methylation marker for respiratory allergy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0484-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A S Langie
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,2Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- 3Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Szarc Vel Szic
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,4Proteinchemistry, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ellen Van Der Plas
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,7Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Prins
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Tijs Louwies
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Environment and Health unit, Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- 6Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- 3Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,7Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,8Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- 4Proteinchemistry, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,2Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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27
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Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an essential role in the growth, development, and homeostatis of many tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. Much of what is known about Hh signaling is in the context of embryonic development and tumor formation. However, a growing body of evidence is emerging indicating that Hh signaling is also involved in postnatal processes such as tissue repair and adult immune responses. To that extent, Hh signaling has also been shown to be a target for some pathogens that presumably utilize the pathway to control the local infected environment. In this review, we discuss what is currently known regarding pathogenic interactions with Hh signaling and speculate on the reasons for this pathway being a target. We also hope to shed light on the possibility of using small molecule modulators of Hh signaling as effective therapies for a wider range of human diseases beyond their current use in a limited number of cancers.
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28
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Smelkinson MG, Guichard A, Teijaro JR, Malur M, Loureiro ME, Jain P, Ganesan S, Zúñiga EI, Krug RM, Oldstone MB, Bier E. Influenza NS1 directly modulates Hedgehog signaling during infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006588. [PMID: 28837667 PMCID: PMC5587344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza A viruses suppresses host cellular defense mechanisms and subverts other cellular functions. We report here on a new role for NS1 in modifying cell-cell signaling via the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Genetic epistasis experiments and FRET-FLIM assays in Drosophila suggest that NS1 interacts directly with the transcriptional mediator, Ci/Gli1. We further confirmed that Hh target genes are activated cell-autonomously in transfected human lung epithelial cells expressing NS1, and in infected mouse lungs. We identified a point mutation in NS1, A122V, that modulates this activity in a context-dependent fashion. When the A122V mutation was incorporated into a mouse-adapted influenza A virus, it cell-autonomously enhanced expression of some Hh targets in the mouse lung, including IL6, and hastened lethality. These results indicate that, in addition to its multiple intracellular functions, NS1 also modifies a highly conserved signaling pathway, at least in part via cell autonomous activities. We discuss how this new Hh modulating function of NS1 may influence host lethality, possibly through controlling cytokine production, and how these new insights provide potential strategies for combating infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margery G. Smelkinson
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Annabel Guichard
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Teijaro
- Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Meghana Malur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Eugenia Loureiro
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein - CONICET, Saladillo, Argentina
| | - Prashant Jain
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elina I. Zúñiga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Krug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Oldstone
- Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ethan Bier
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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