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Parodis I, Lindblom J, Barturen G, Ortega-Castro R, Cervera R, Pers JO, Genre F, Hiepe F, Gerosa M, Kovács L, De Langhe E, Piantoni S, Stummvoll G, Vasconcelos C, Vigone B, Witte T, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Beretta L. Molecular characterisation of lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) and DORIS remission by whole-blood transcriptome-based pathways in a pan-European systemic lupus erythematosus cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:889-900. [PMID: 38373843 PMCID: PMC11187369 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To unveil biological milieus underlying low disease activity (LDA) and remission versus active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We determined differentially expressed pathways (DEPs) in SLE patients from the PRECISESADS project (NTC02890121) stratified into patients fulfilling and not fulfilling the criteria of (1) Lupus LDA State (LLDAS), (2) Definitions of Remission in SLE remission, and (3) LLDAS exclusive of remission. RESULTS We analysed data from 321 patients; 40.8% were in LLDAS, and 17.4% in DORIS remission. After exclusion of patients in remission, 28.3% were in LLDAS. Overall, 604 pathways differed significantly in LLDAS versus non-LLDAS patients with an false-discovery rate-corrected p (q)<0.05 and a robust effect size (dr)≥0.36. Accordingly, 288 pathways differed significantly between DORIS remitters and non-remitters (q<0.05 and dr≥0.36). DEPs yielded distinct molecular clusters characterised by differential serological, musculoskeletal, and renal activity. Analysis of partially overlapping samples showed no DEPs between LLDAS and DORIS remission. Drug repurposing potentiality for treating SLE was unveiled, as were important pathways underlying active SLE whose modulation could aid attainment of LLDAS/remission, including toll-like receptor (TLR) cascades, Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) activity, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-related inhibitory signalling, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time molecular signalling pathways distinguishing LLDAS/remission from active SLE. LLDAS/remission was associated with reversal of biological processes related to SLE pathogenesis and specific clinical manifestations. DEP clustering by remission better grouped patients compared with LLDAS, substantiating remission as the ultimate treatment goal in SLE; however, the lack of substantial pathway differentiation between the two states justifies LLDAS as an acceptable goal from a biological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Julius Lindblom
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain, Medical Genomics, Granada, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Hopital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Fernanda Genre
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Ellen De Langhe
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Piantoni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Vigone
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain, Medical Genomics, Granada, Spain
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Farzam-Kia N, Moratalla AC, Lemaître F, Levert A, Da Cal S, Margarido C, Carpentier Solorio Y, Arbour N. GM-CSF distinctly impacts human monocytes and macrophages via ERK1/2-dependent pathways. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:47-55. [PMID: 37516253 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Human monocytes and macrophages are two major myeloid cell subsets with similar and distinct functions in tissue homeostasis and immune responses. GM-CSF plays a fundamental role in myeloid cell differentiation and activation. Hence, we compared the effects of GM-CSF on the expression of several immune mediators by human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from healthy donors. We report that GM-CSF similarly elevated the expression of CD80 and ICAM-1 and reduced HLA-DR levels on both myeloid cell subsets. However, GM-CSF increased the percentage of macrophages expressing surface IL-15 but reduced the proportion of monocytes carrying surface IL-15. Moreover, GM-CSF significantly increased the secretion of IL-4, IL-6, TNF, CXCL10, and IL-27 by macrophages while reducing the secretion of IL-4 and CXCL10 by monocytes. We show that GM-CSF triggered ERK1/2, STAT3, STAT5, and SAPK/JNK pathways in both myeloid subsets. Using a pharmacological inhibitor (U0126) preventing ERK phosphorylation, we demonstrated that this pathway was involved in both the GM-CSF-induced increase and decrease of the percentage of IL-15+ macrophages and monocytes, respectively. Moreover, ERK1/2 contributed to GM-CSF-triggered secretion of IL-4, IL-6, TNF, IL-27 and CXCL10 by macrophages. However, the ERK1/2 pathway exhibited different roles in monocytes and macrophages for the GM-CSF-mediated impact on surface makers (CD80, HLA-DR, and ICAM-1). Our data demonstrate that GM-CSF stimulation induces differential responses by human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages and that some but not all of these effects are ERK-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Farzam-Kia
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana Carmena Moratalla
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Florent Lemaître
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Levert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Da Cal
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Clara Margarido
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Carpentier Solorio
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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3
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Tsukui D, Kimura Y, Kono H. GM-CSF receptor/SYK/JNK/FOXO1/CD11c signaling promotes atherosclerosis. iScience 2023; 26:107293. [PMID: 37520709 PMCID: PMC10382675 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis complicates chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting that a shared physiological pathway regulates inflammatory responses in these diseases wherein spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is involved. We aimed to identify a shared therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. We used Syk-knockout atherosclerosis-prone mice to determine whether SYK is involved in atherosclerosis via the inflammatory response and elucidate the mechanism of SYK signaling. The Syk-knockout mice showed reduced atherosclerosis in vivo, and macrophages derived from this strain showed ameliorated cell migration in vitro. CD11c expression decreased on Syk-knockout monocytes and macrophages; it was upregulated by forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) after stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mediated SYK signaling to FOXO1. Furthermore, FOXO1 inhibitor treatment mitigated atherosclerosis in mice. Thus, GM-CSF receptor/SYK/JNK/FOXO1/CD11c signaling in monocytes and macrophages and FOXO1 could be therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsukui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hajime Kono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation is dependent on coordinated expression of distinct amino acid transporters. Immunity 2021; 54:2514-2530.e7. [PMID: 34717796 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent cells implicated in autoimmunity, but the role of IL-3 in pDC biology is poorly understood. We found that IL-3-induced Janus kinase 2-dependent expression of SLC7A5 and SLC3A2, which comprise the large neutral amino acid transporter, was required for mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) nutrient sensor activation in response to toll-like receptor agonists. mTORC1 facilitated increased anabolic activity resulting in type I interferon, tumor necrosis factor, and chemokine production and the expression of the cystine transporter SLC7A11. Loss of function of these amino acid transporters synergistically blocked cytokine production by pDCs. Comparison of in vitro-activated pDCs with those from lupus nephritis lesions identified not only SLC7A5, SLC3A2, and SLC7A11 but also ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) as components of a shared transcriptional signature, and ENPP2 inhibition also blocked cytokine production. Our data identify additional therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases in which pDCs are implicated.
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Hervier B, Ribon M, Tarantino N, Mussard J, Breckler M, Vieillard V, Amoura Z, Steinle A, Klein R, Kötter I, Decker P. Increased Concentrations of Circulating Soluble MHC Class I-Related Chain A (sMICA) and sMICB and Modulation of Plasma Membrane MICA Expression: Potential Mechanisms and Correlation With Natural Killer Cell Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633658. [PMID: 34012432 PMCID: PMC8126610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chain A (MICA) and B (MICB) are stress-inducible cell surface molecules. MICA and MICB label malfunctioning cells for their recognition by cytotoxic lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells. Alterations in this recognition have been found in SLE. MICA/MICB can be shed from the cell surface, subsequently acting either as a soluble decoy receptor (sMICA/sMICB) or in CD4+ T-cell expansion. Conversely, NK cells are frequently defective in SLE and lower NK cell numbers have been reported in patients with active SLE. However, these cells are also thought to exert regulatory functions and to prevent autoimmunity. We therefore investigated whether, and how, plasma membrane and soluble MICA/B are modulated in SLE and whether they influence NK cell activity, in order to better understand how MICA/B may participate in disease development. We report significantly elevated concentrations of circulating sMICA/B in SLE patients compared with healthy individuals or a control patient group. In SLE patients, sMICA concentrations were significantly higher in patients positive for anti-SSB and anti-RNP autoantibodies. In order to study the mechanism and the potential source of sMICA, we analyzed circulating sMICA concentration in Behcet patients before and after interferon (IFN)-α therapy: no modulation was observed, suggesting that IFN-α is not intrinsically crucial for sMICA release in vivo. We also show that monocytes and neutrophils stimulated in vitro with cytokines or extracellular chromatin up-regulate plasma membrane MICA expression, without releasing sMICA. Importantly, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals stimulated in vitro by cell-free chromatin, NK cells up-regulate CD69 and CD107 in a monocyte-dependent manner and at least partly via MICA-NKG2D interaction, whereas NK cells were exhausted in SLE patients. In conclusion, sMICA concentrations are elevated in SLE patients, whereas plasma membrane MICA is up-regulated in response to some lupus stimuli and triggers NK cell activation. Those results suggest the requirement for a tight control in vivo and highlight the complex role of the MICA/sMICA system in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Hervier
- INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Interne-Maladies Systémiques, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Ribon
- Li2P, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.,INSERM UMR 1125, Bobigny, France
| | - Nadine Tarantino
- INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Julie Mussard
- Li2P, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.,INSERM UMR 1125, Bobigny, France
| | - Magali Breckler
- Li2P, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.,INSERM UMR 1125, Bobigny, France
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne 2, Centre National de Référence Maladies Systémiques Rares, Lupus et Syndrome des Anticorps Antiphospholipides, Centre National de Référence Histiocytoses, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Steinle
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Reinhild Klein
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ina Kötter
- Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrice Decker
- Li2P, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.,INSERM UMR 1125, Bobigny, France
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Selvaraja M, Chin VK, Abdullah M, Arip M, Amin-Nordin S. HLA-DRB1 *04 as a Risk Allele to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis in the Malay Population of Malaysia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:598665. [PMID: 33644084 PMCID: PMC7902771 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.598665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease afflicting multiple organs. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of SLE and remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Curative therapy remains unavailable as etiology from genetic and environmental factors is still unclear. The present study was conducted to elucidate the link between HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphisms with SLE and LN through clinical and laboratory/biological presentations in a population of Malaysian Malay females with SLE. A total of 100 Malay female SLE patients inclusive of 70 SLE patients without LN and 30 patients with LN were included in this study. HLA-DRB1 allele examination in SLE patients was performed using PCR-SSO, and the alleles' frequencies were compared with 951 publicly available datasets representing Malay healthy controls in Malaysia. Cytokines and free radical levels were detected by ELISA and bead-based multiplexed Luminex assays. The association between HLA-DRB1 alleles with clinical and serological manifestations and immune mediators was analyzed using different statistical approaches whenever applicable. Our study showed that HLA-DRB1*0405, HLA-DRB1*1502, and HLA-DRB1*1602 were associated with the increased risk of SLE while HLA-DRB1*1201 and HLADRB1*1202 alleles were associated with a lower risk of SLE development. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1*04 showed significant association to LN and arthritis while HLA-DRB1*15 was significantly associated with oral ulcer in Malay SLE patients. Association analysis of HLA-DRB1*04 with clinical and biological factors revealed that HLA-DRB1*04 was significantly associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores, anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood, and total protein in the urine. SLE carriers with the HLA-DRB1*04 allele were significantly correlated to the increased levels of cytokines (IFN-y, GM-CSF, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, and VEGF) and were significantly showing negative correlation to IL-5 and free radicals (LPO and catalase enzyme) levels compared to SLE carriers without HLA-DRB1*04 allele. The results suggested that disease severity in SLE may be determined by HLA-DRB1 alleles. The risk of HLA-DRB1*04 allele with LN was supported by the demonstration of an intense inflammatory response in Malay SLE patients in Malaysia. More studies inclusive of a larger and multiple SLE cohorts in the future are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarvili Selvaraja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Voon Kin Chin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Masita Arip
- Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syafinaz Amin-Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Hjorton K, Hagberg N, Pucholt P, Eloranta ML, Rönnblom L. The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:130. [PMID: 32503683 PMCID: PMC7275601 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an ongoing interferon (IFN) production due to an activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which can be triggered to type I IFN synthesis by RNA containing immune complexes (RNA-IC). Considering emerging data suggesting a role of type III IFN in the SLE disease process, we asked if RNA-IC can induce type III IFN production in pDC and how this production can be regulated. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or immune cell subsets were isolated from healthy blood donors or SLE patients and stimulated with IC containing U1 snRNP and SLE-IgG (RNA-IC). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and an interleukin receptor 1-associated kinase 4 inhibitor (IRAK4i) were added to cell cultures. Cytokine mRNA levels were determined with a microarray and protein levels with immunoassays. Single-cell RNA sequencing of pDCs using ddSEQ technology was performed. RESULTS Type III IFN mRNA and protein was induced in RNA-IC-stimulated pDC-NK and pDC-B cell co-cultures. A subset of activated pDCs (3%) expressed both type III and type I IFN mRNA. IFN-λ2, IFN-α2b, interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhanced IFN-λ1/3 production 2-5-fold. HCQ and an IRAK4i blocked the RNA-IC-triggered IFN-λ1/3 production (p < 0.01). IFN-α2b and GM-CSF increased the proportion of SLE patients producing IFN-λ1/3 in response to RNA-IC from 11 to 33%. CONCLUSIONS Type III IFN production is triggered by RNA-IC in pDCs in a TLR-MyD88-dependent manner, enhanced by NK and B cells as well as several pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results support a contributing role for both type I and type III IFNs in SLE, which needs to be considered when targeting the IFN system in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hjorton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Hagberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascal Pucholt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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Muhammad Yusoff F, Wong KK, Mohd Redzwan N. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2019; 53:8-20. [PMID: 31771364 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1693545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance leading to excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Imbalance in the levels of cytokines represents one of the multifactorial causes of SLE pathogenesis and it contributes to disease severity. Deregulated levels of T helper type 1 (Th1), type 2 (Th2), and type 17 (Th17) cytokines have been associated with autoimmune inflammation. Growing evidence has shown deregulated levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients compared to healthy controls associated with disease activity and severity. In this review, we describe and discuss the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients, and clinical trials involving Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients. In particular, with the exception of IL-2, IL-4, and TGF-β1, the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines are increased in SLE patients associated with disease severity. Current phase II or III studies involve therapeutic antibodies targeting IFN-α and type I IFN receptor, while low-dose IL-2 therapy is assessed in phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Muhammad Yusoff
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Norhanani Mohd Redzwan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Lotfi N, Thome R, Rezaei N, Zhang GX, Rezaei A, Rostami A, Esmaeil N. Roles of GM-CSF in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: An Update. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1265. [PMID: 31275302 PMCID: PMC6593264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was first described as a growth factor that induces the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. GM-CSF also has an important cytokine effect in chronic inflammatory diseases by stimulating the activation and migration of myeloid cells to inflammation sites, promoting survival of target cells and stimulating the renewal of effector granulocytes and macrophages. Because of these pro-cellular effects, an imbalance in GM-CSF production/signaling may lead to harmful inflammatory conditions. In this context, GM-CSF has a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases that are dependent on cellular immune responses such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Conversely, a protective role has also been described in other autoimmune diseases where humoral responses are detrimental such as myasthenia gravis (MG), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this review, we aimed for a comprehensive analysis of literature data on the multiple roles of GM-CSF in autoimmue diseases and possible therapeutic strategies that target GM-CSF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Lotfi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rodolfo Thome
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nahid Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sete MRC, Carlos JC, Lira-Junior R, Boström EA, Sztajnbok FR, Figueredo CM. Clinical, immunological and microbial gingival profile of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2018; 28:189-198. [PMID: 30563424 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318819134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease has been associated with rheumatic diseases; however, few studies have evaluated the association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and its impact on the local inflammatory and microbial profiles. Therefore, this study evaluated the levels of several cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum from juvenile SLE (jSLE) patients with gingival inflammation, compared with controls. In addition, we assessed their subgingival microbial profile. Thirty jSLE patients and 29 systemically healthy individuals were recruited. Participants were rheumatologically and periodontally examined, and GCF, serum and intrasulcular biofilm were collected. Cytokines were analysed by bead-based multiplex assays and the bacterial profile by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. jSLE patients presented higher percentages of dental plaque and bleeding than controls, as well as increased mean probing depth and attachment loss. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, GCF levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were significantly higher, whereas the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were significantly lower in jSLE patients. In serum, G-CSF levels tended to be higher in jSLE patients (adjusted p-value = 0.06). Intrasulcular counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were significantly higher in jSLE patients as compared with controls. We conclude that patients with jSLE present a worse periodontal condition associated with altered levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in GCF and increased counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the intrasulcular biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R C Sete
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J C Carlos
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Lira-Junior
- 2 Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E A Boström
- 2 Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F R Sztajnbok
- 3 Unit of Rheumatology, Adolescent Health Studies Center, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C M Figueredo
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,4 Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Mistry P, Carmona-Rivera C, Ombrello AK, Hoffmann P, Seto NL, Jones A, Stone DL, Naz F, Carlucci P, Dell'Orso S, Gutierrez-Cruz G, Sun HW, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I, Kaplan MJ. Dysregulated neutrophil responses and neutrophil extracellular trap formation and degradation in PAPA syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1825-1833. [PMID: 30131320 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) syndrome is characterised by flares of sterile arthritis with neutrophil infiltrate and the overproduction of interleukin (IL)-1β. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential role of neutrophil subsets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in the pathogenesis of PAPA. METHODS Neutrophils and low-density granulocytes (LDG) were quantified by flow cytometry. Circulating NETs were measured by ELISA and PAPA serum was tested for the ability to degrade NETs. The capacity of NETs from PAPA neutrophils to activate macrophages was assessed. Skin biopsies were analysed for NETs and neutrophil gene signatures. RESULTS Circulating LDGs are elevated in PAPA subjects. PAPA neutrophils and LDGs display enhanced NET formation compared with control neutrophils. PAPA sera exhibit impaired NET degradation and this is corrected with exogenous DNase1. Recombinant human IL-1β induces NET formation in PAPA neutrophils but not healthy control neutrophils. NET formation in healthy control neutrophils is induced by PAPA serum and this effect is inhibited by the IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra. NETs from PAPA neutrophils and LDGs stimulate IL-6 release in healthy control macrophages. NETs are detected in skin biopsies of patients with PAPA syndrome in association with increased tissue IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-17. Furthermore, LDG gene signatures are detected in PAPA skin. CONCLUSIONS PAPA syndrome is characterised by an imbalance of NET formation and degradation that may enhance the half-life of these structures in vivo, promoting inflammation. Anakinra ameliorates NET formation in PAPA and this finding supports a role for IL-1 signalling in exacerbated neutrophil responses in this disease. The study also highlights other inflammatory pathways potentially pathogenic in PAPA, including IL-17 and IL-6, and these results may help guide new therapeutic approaches in this severe and often treatment-refractory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragnesh Mistry
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrycja Hoffmann
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nickie L Seto
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Jones
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah L Stone
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Faiza Naz
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip Carlucci
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefania Dell'Orso
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gustavo Gutierrez-Cruz
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Gottschalk TA, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML. Pathogenic Inflammation and Its Therapeutic Targeting in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2015; 6:550. [PMID: 26579125 PMCID: PMC4623412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) is a highly complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease that most often afflicts women in their child-bearing years. It is characterized by circulating self-reactive antibodies that deposit in tissues, including skin, kidneys, and brain, and the ensuing inflammatory response can lead to irreparable tissue damage. Over many years, clinical trials in SLE have focused on agents that control B- and T-lymphocyte activation, and, with the single exception of an agent known as belimumab which targets the B-cell survival factor BAFF, they have been disappointing. At present, standard therapy for SLE with mild disease is the agent hydroxychloroquine. During disease flares, steroids are often used, while the more severe manifestations with major organ involvement warrant potent, broad-spectrum immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate. Current treatments have severe and dose-limiting toxicities and thus a more specific therapy targeting a causative factor or signaling pathway would be greatly beneficial in SLE treatment. Moreover, the ability to control inflammation alongside B-cell activation may be a superior approach for disease control. There has been a recent focus on the innate immune system and associated inflammation, which has uncovered key players in driving the pathogenesis of SLE. Delineating some of these intricate inflammatory mechanisms has been possible with studies using spontaneous mouse mutants and genetically engineered mice. These strains, to varying degrees, exhibit hallmarks of the human disease and therefore have been utilized to model human SLE and to test new drugs. Developing a better understanding of the initiation and perpetuation of disease in SLE may uncover suitable novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we discuss the involvement of inflammation in SLE disease pathogenesis, with a focus on several key proinflammatory cytokines and myeloid growth factors, and review the known outcomes or the potential for targeting these factors in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Gottschalk
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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Leonard D, Eloranta ML, Hagberg N, Berggren O, Tandre K, Alm G, Rönnblom L. Activated T cells enhance interferon-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells stimulated with RNA-containing immune complexes. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1728-34. [PMID: 26493814 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an ongoing interferon-α (IFN-α) production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). We investigated whether T cells can promote IFN-α production by pDCs. METHODS Human pDCs were stimulated with immune complexes (ICs) containing U1 small nuclear ribonucleic proteins particles and SLE-IgG (RNA-IC) in the presence of T cells or T cell supernatants. T cells were activated by anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies or in a mixed leucocyte reaction. IFN-α and other cytokines were determined in culture supernatants or patient sera with immunoassays. The effect of interleukin (IL) 3 and granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on pDCs was examined by the use of antibodies, and the expression of CD80/CD86 was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Activated T cells and supernatants from activated T cells increased IFN-α production by >20-fold. The stimulatory effect of T cell supernatants was reduced after depletion of GM-CSF (81%) or by blocking the GM-CSF receptor (55%-81%). Supernatant from activated T cells, furthermore, increased the frequency of CD80 and CD86 expressing pDCs stimulated with RNA-IC from 6% to 35% (p<0.05) and from 10% to 26% (p<0.01), respectively. Activated SLE T cells enhanced IFN-α production to the same extent as T cells from healthy individuals and a subset of patients with SLE had increased serum levels of GM-CSF. CONCLUSIONS Activated T cells enhance IFN-α production by RNA-IC stimulated pDCs via GM-CSF and induce pDC maturation. Given the increased serum levels of GM-CSF in a subset of patients with SLE, these findings suggest that activated T cells may upregulate type I IFN production in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Leonard
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hagberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Berggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karolina Tandre
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Alm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kronbichler A, Brezina B, Quintana LF, Jayne DRW. Efficacy of plasma exchange and immunoadsorption in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 15:38-49. [PMID: 26318215 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal treatments have been used since the 1970s in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of standard of care (SOC) combined with plasma exchange against SOC alone in patients with lupus nephritis revealed no difference in terms of renal outcome. Subsequently, initial expectations have been dampened and further experience with plasma exchange is mainly limited to observational studies and single case reports. Beneficial effects have been reported in patients with refractory disease course or in pregnancy with prior complications due to SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome. A more specific form of extracorporeal treatment, immunoadsorption (IAS), has emerged as a valuable option in the treatment of SLE. In line with the plasma exchange experience, IAS seems to have beneficial effects in patients with refractory disease, contraindications to standard immunosuppression or during pregnancy. The mechanism IAS relates to autoantibody removal but for plasma exchange removal of activated complement components, coagulation factors, cytokines and microparticles may also be relevant. Both treatment forms have good safety profiles although reactions to blood product replacement in plasma exchange and procedure related complications such as bleeding or catheter-related infections have occurred. There is a need to more clearly define the clinical utility of plasma exchange and IAS in refractory lupus and APS subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kronbichler
- Vasculitis and Lupus Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Biljana Brezina
- Vasculitis and Lupus Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luis F Quintana
- Vasculitis and Lupus Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, United Kingdom; Servicio de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David R W Jayne
- Vasculitis and Lupus Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Abstract of the 35th Scandinavian Congress of Rheumatology, September 20-23, 2014, Stockholm, Sweden. Scand J Rheumatol 2014:1-97. [PMID: 25184497 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.946235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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López P, Scheel-Toellner D, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Caminal-Montero L, Gordon C, Suárez A. Interferon-α-induced B-lymphocyte stimulator expression and mobilization in healthy and systemic lupus erthymatosus monocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:2249-58. [PMID: 24942493 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular populations and regulatory factors responsible for B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) overexpression in SLE patients. METHODS Surface and intracellular BLyS levels were quantified by flow cytometry in healthy and SLE monocytes cultured in the presence of TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF and SLE immune complexes (SLE-ICs), while soluble BLyS was measured by ELISA. Also, both surface and intracellular BLyS expression by different cell subsets was determined in 23 SLE patients and 16 healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed using classic BILAG index. RESULTS In vitro experiments using healthy monocytes showed that IFN-α and SLE-ICs induced a progressive increase in surface-bound BLyS with respect to the intracellular stores. IFN-α-treated SLE monocytes, especially from patients with high anti-dsDNA levels or disease activity, exhibited higher intracellular levels of BLyS that was mobilized to the membrane more rapidly and subsequently released. Furthermore, ex vivo analysis of SLE patients revealed up-regulated BLyS expression in B cells, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs), whereas active patients had an increased surface:intracellular BLyS ratio in monocytes and myeloid DCs. CONCLUSION Monocyte BLyS induction and mobilization from intra- to extracellular compartments seems to be influenced by IFN-α and disease activity or anti-dsDNA levels. Accordingly, monocytes and myeloid DCs from active patients presented the highest membrane-bound:intracellular BLyS ratio. In addition, expression levels in several blood cells support the existence of generalized immune stimulation in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia López
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Dagmar Scheel-Toellner
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Caminal-Montero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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17
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Suwanichkul A, Wenderfer SE. Differential expression of functional Fc-receptors and additional immune complex receptors on mouse kidney cells. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:369-79. [PMID: 23911392 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms by which circulating immune complexes accumulate in the kidney to form deposits in glomerulonephritis are not well understood. In particular, the role of resident cells within glomeruli of the kidney has been widely debated. Immune complexes have been shown to bind one glomerular cell type (mesangial cells) leading to functional responses such as pro-inflammatory cytokine production. To further assess the presence of functional immunoreceptors on resident glomerular cells, cultured mouse renal epithelial, endothelial, and mesangial cells were treated with heat-aggregated mouse IgG or preformed murine immune complexes. Mesangial and renal endothelial cells were found to bind IgG complexes, whereas glomerular epithelial cell binding was minimal. A blocking antibody for Fc-gamma receptors reduced binding to mesangial cells but not renal endothelial cells, suggesting differential immunoreceptor utilization. RT-PCR and immunostaining based screening of cultured renal endothelial cells showed limited low-level expression of known Fc-receptors and Ig binding proteins. The interaction between mesangial cells and renal endothelial cells and immune complexes resulted in distinct, cell-specific patterns of chemokine and cytokine production. This novel pathway involving renal endothelial cells likely contributes to the predilection of circulating immune complex accumulation within the kidney and to the inflammatory responses that drive kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisak Suwanichkul
- Department of Pediatrics, Renal Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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18
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Low-density granulocytes: a distinct class of neutrophils in systemic autoimmunity. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35:455-63. [PMID: 23553215 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have renewed the interest on the potential role that neutrophils play in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune conditions. A distinct subset of proinflammatory, low-density granulocytes (LDGs) isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fractions of patients with SLE has been described. While the origin and role of LDGs needs to be fully characterized, there is evidence that these cells may contribute to lupus pathogenesis and to the development of end-organ damage through heightened proinflammatory responses, altered phagocytic capacity, enhanced ability to synthesize type I interferons, and to kill endothelial cells. Furthermore, these cells readily form neutrophil extracellular traps, a phenomenon that may promote autoantigen externalization and organ damage. This review examines the biology and potential origin of LDGs, describes the ultrastructural characteristics of these cells, and discusses their putative pathogenic role in systemic autoimmune diseases.
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19
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Das UN. Current and emerging strategies for the treatment and management of systemic lupus erythematosus based on molecular signatures of acute and chronic inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2010; 3:143-70. [PMID: 22096364 PMCID: PMC3218729 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s9425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus is a chronic, systemic inflammatory condition in which eicosanoids, cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), a deranged immune system, and genetics play a significant role. Our studies revealed that an imbalance in the pro- and antioxidants and NO and an alteration in the metabolism of essential fatty acids exist in lupus. The current strategy of management includes administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids. Investigational drugs include the following: 1) belimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes and inhibits the biological activity of B-lymphocyte stimulator, also known as B-cell-activation factor of the TNF family; 2) stem cell transplantation; 3) rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of B-cells and can therefore destroy B-cells; and 4) IL-27, which has potent anti-inflammatory actions. Our studies showed that a regimen of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, and methods designed to enhance endothelial NO synthesis and augment antioxidant defenses, led to induction of long-lasting remission of the disease. These results suggest that methods designed to modulate molecular signatures of the disease process and suppress inflammation could be of significant benefit in lupus. Some of these strategies could be vagal nerve stimulation, glucose-insulin infusion, and administration of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and nitrolipids by themselves or their stable synthetic analogs that are known to suppress inflammation and help in the resolution and healing of the inflammation-induced damage. These strategies are likely to be useful not only in lupus but also in other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, ischemia-reperfusion injury to the myocardium, ischemic heart disease, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India; UND Life Sciences, Shaker Heights, OH, USA
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20
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Denny MF, Yalavarthi S, Zhao W, Thacker SG, Anderson M, Sandy AR, McCune WJ, Kaplan MJ. A distinct subset of proinflammatory neutrophils isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus induces vascular damage and synthesizes type I IFNs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:3284-97. [PMID: 20164424 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-specific genes are abundant in PBMC microarrays from lupus patients because of the presence of low-density granulocytes (LDGs) in mononuclear cell fractions. The functionality and pathogenicity of these LDGs have not been characterized. We developed a technique to purify LDGs from lupus PBMCs and assessed their phenotype, function, and potential role in disease pathogenesis. LDGs, their autologous lupus neutrophils, and healthy control neutrophils were compared with regard to their microbicidal and phagocytic capacities, generation of reactive oxygen species, activation status, inflammatory cytokine profile, and type I IFN expression and signatures. The capacity of LDGs to kill endothelial cells and their antiangiogenic potential were also assessed. LDGs display an activated phenotype, secrete increased levels of type I IFNs, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma, but show impaired phagocytic potential. LDGs induce significant endothelial cell cytotoxicity and synthesize sufficient levels of type I IFNs to disrupt the capacity of endothelial progenitor cells to differentiate into mature endothelial cells. LDG depletion restores the functional capacity of endothelial progenitor cells. We conclude that lupus LDGs are proinflammatory and display pathogenic features, including the capacity to synthesize type I IFNs. They may play an important dual role in premature cardiovascular disease development in systemic lupus erythematosus by simultaneously mediating enhanced vascular damage and inhibiting vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Denny
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Eloranta ML, Lövgren T, Finke D, Mathsson L, Rönnelid J, Kastner B, Alm GV, Rönnblom L. Regulation of the interferon-α production induced by RNA-containing immune complexes in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2418-27. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Willeke P, Schlüter B, Schotte H, Domschke W, Gaubitz M, Becker H. Interferon-gamma is increased in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and Raynaud's phenomenon. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008; 39:197-202. [PMID: 18571695 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and to identify clinical and immunological characteristics associated with this manifestation. Since increased interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) has been associated with RP, we also compared the INF-gamma production in pSS patients with or without RP. METHODS RP was diagnosed if pSS patients presented with characteristic sequence of skin color changes of the digits. In uncertain cases noninvasive vascular tests were performed by ultrasound examination. The secretion of INF-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot analysis. Further, we examined the expression of different lymphocyte activation markers (CD25, CD45RO, CD69) on CD4+ T-cells by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Thirty-six of 108 patients with pSS had RP. In these patients we found a significantly increased number of INF-gamma-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with patients without RP or to healthy controls. Further, in patients with RP a significantly increased percentage of CD25-positive T-helper cells was detectable. In addition we found an association of leukopenia, thyroiditis, and lower C3 levels with RP in pSS patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a pathogenic role of INF-gamma in pSS patients with RP. Whether the RP is immune-mediated or whether INF-gamma directly causes vasospasm still remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Willeke
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany.
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Carreras E, Turner S, Paharkova-Vatchkova V, Mao A, Dascher C, Kovats S. Estradiol acts directly on bone marrow myeloid progenitors to differentially regulate GM-CSF or Flt3 ligand-mediated dendritic cell differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:727-38. [PMID: 18178810 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.2.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) ligands modulate hemopoiesis and immunity in the normal state, during autoimmunity, and after infection or trauma. Dendritic cells (DC) are critical for initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. We demonstrate, using cytokine-driven culture models of DC differentiation, that 17-beta-estradiol exerts opposing effects on differentiation mediated by GM-CSF and Flt3 ligand, the two cytokines that regulate DC differentiation in vivo. We also show that estradiol acts on the same highly purified Flt3+ myeloid progenitors (MP) to differentially regulate the DC differentiation in each model. In GM-CSF-supplemented cultures initiated from MP, physiological amounts of estradiol promoted differentiation of Langerhans-like DC. Conversely, in Flt3 ligand-supplemented cultures initiated from the same MP, estradiol inhibited cell survival in a dose-dependent manner, thereby decreasing the yield of plasmacytoid and conventional myeloid and lymphoid DC. Experiments with bone marrow cells from ER-deficient mice and the ER antagonist ICI182,780 showed that estradiol acted primarily via ERalpha to regulate DC differentiation. Thus, depending on the cytokine environment, pathways of ER signaling and cytokine receptor signaling can differentially interact in the same Flt3+ MP to regulate DC development. Because the Flt3 ligand-mediated differentiation pathway is important during homeostasis, and GM-CSF-mediated pathways are increased by inflammation, our data suggest that endogenous or pharmacological ER ligands may differentially affect DC development during homeostasis and disease, with consequent effects on DC-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Carreras
- Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Willeke P, Gaubitz M, Schotte H, Maaser C, Domschke W, Schlüter B, Becker H. Increased serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 9:R43. [PMID: 17470266 PMCID: PMC1906791 DOI: 10.1186/ar2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyse levels of the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and to examine associations of MIF with clinical, serological and immunological variables. MIF was determined by ELISA in the sera of 76 patients with pSS. Further relevant cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α) secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined by ELISPOT assay. Lymphocytes and monocytes were examined flow-cytometrically for the expression of activation markers. Results were correlated with clinical and laboratory findings as well as with the HLA-DR genotype. Healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers served as controls. We found that MIF was increased in patients with pSS compared with healthy controls (p < 0.01). In particular, increased levels of MIF were associated with hypergammaglobulinemia. Further, we found a negative correlation of MIF levels with the number of IL-10-secreting PBMC in pSS patients (r = -0.389, p < 0.01). Our data indicate that MIF might participate in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome. MIF may contribute to B-cell hyperactivity indicated by hypergammaglobulinemia. The inverse relationship of IL-10 and MIF suggests that IL-10 works as an antagonist of MIF in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Willeke
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Albert Schweitzer Strasse 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Gaubitz
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Albert Schweitzer Strasse 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Heiko Schotte
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Albert Schweitzer Strasse 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Maaser
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Albert Schweitzer Strasse 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfram Domschke
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Albert Schweitzer Strasse 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Muenster University Hospital, Albert Schweitzer Strasse 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Heidemarie Becker
- Department of Medicine B, Muenster University Hospital, Albert Schweitzer Strasse 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany
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