1
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Perryman AN, Kim HYH, Payton A, Rager JE, McNell EE, Rebuli ME, Wells H, Almond M, Antinori J, Alexis NE, Porter NA, Jaspers I. Plasma sterols and vitamin D are correlates and predictors of ozone-induced inflammation in the lung: A pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285721. [PMID: 37186612 PMCID: PMC10184915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone (O3) exposure causes respiratory effects including lung function decrements, increased lung permeability, and airway inflammation. Additionally, baseline metabolic state can predispose individuals to adverse health effects from O3. For this reason, we conducted an exploratory study to examine the effect of O3 exposure on derivatives of cholesterol biosynthesis: sterols, oxysterols, and secosteroid (25-hydroxyvitamin D) not only in the lung, but also in circulation. METHODS We obtained plasma and induced sputum samples from non-asthmatic (n = 12) and asthmatic (n = 12) adult volunteers 6 hours following exposure to 0.4ppm O3 for 2 hours. We quantified the concentrations of 24 cholesterol precursors and derivatives by UPLC-MS and 30 cytokines by ELISA. We use computational analyses including machine learning to determine whether baseline plasma sterols are predictive of O3 responsiveness. RESULTS We observed an overall decrease in the concentration of cholesterol precursors and derivatives (e.g. 27-hydroxycholesterol) and an increase in concentration of autooxidation products (e.g. secosterol-B) in sputum samples. In plasma, we saw a significant increase in the concentration of secosterol-B after O3 exposure. Machine learning algorithms showed that plasma cholesterol was a top predictor of O3 responder status based on decrease in FEV1 (>5%). Further, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was positively associated with lung function in non-asthmatic subjects and with sputum uteroglobin, whereas it was inversely associated with sputum myeloperoxidase and neutrophil counts. CONCLUSION This study highlights alterations in sterol metabolites in the airway and circulation as potential contributors to systemic health outcomes and predictors of pulmonary and inflammatory responsiveness following O3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia N. Perryman
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Hye-Young H. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Alexis Payton
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Erin E. McNell
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. Rebuli
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Heather Wells
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Martha Almond
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jamie Antinori
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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2
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Demasi M, Augusto O, Bechara EJH, Bicev RN, Cerqueira FM, da Cunha FM, Denicola A, Gomes F, Miyamoto S, Netto LES, Randall LM, Stevani CV, Thomson L. Oxidative Modification of Proteins: From Damage to Catalysis, Signaling, and Beyond. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1016-1080. [PMID: 33726509 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The systematic investigation of oxidative modification of proteins by reactive oxygen species started in 1980. Later, it was shown that reactive nitrogen species could also modify proteins. Some protein oxidative modifications promote loss of protein function, cleavage or aggregation, and some result in proteo-toxicity and cellular homeostasis disruption. Recent Advances: Previously, protein oxidation was associated exclusively to damage. However, not all oxidative modifications are necessarily associated with damage, as with Met and Cys protein residue oxidation. In these cases, redox state changes can alter protein structure, catalytic function, and signaling processes in response to metabolic and/or environmental alterations. This review aims to integrate the present knowledge on redox modifications of proteins with their fate and role in redox signaling and human pathological conditions. Critical Issues: It is hypothesized that protein oxidation participates in the development and progression of many pathological conditions. However, no quantitative data have been correlated with specific oxidized proteins or the progression or severity of pathological conditions. Hence, the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying these modifications, their importance in human pathologies, and the fate of the modified proteins is of clinical relevance. Future Directions: We discuss new tools to cope with protein oxidation and suggest new approaches for integrating knowledge about protein oxidation and redox processes with human pathophysiological conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1016-1080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N Bicev
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Cerqueira
- CENTD, Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lía M Randall
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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3
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Perryman A, Speen AM, Kim HYH, Hoffman JR, Clapp PW, Rivera Martin W, Snouwaert JN, Koller BH, Porter NA, Jaspers I. Oxysterols Modify NLRP2 in Epithelial Cells, Identifying a Mediator of Ozone-induced Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:500-512. [PMID: 34126877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0032oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a prevalent air pollutant causing lung inflammation. Previous studies demonstrate that O3 oxidizes lipids, such as cholesterol, in the airway to produce oxysterols, such as secosterol-A (SecoA), which are electrophiles capable of forming covalent linkages preferentially with lysine residues and consequently modify protein function. The breadth of proteins modified by this oxysterol as well as the biological consequences in the lung are unknown. Using an alkynyl-tagged form of SecoA and shotgun proteomics, we identified 135 proteins to be modified bronchial epithelial cells. Among them was NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 2 (NLRP2) forming a SecoA-protein adduct at lysine (K1019) in the terminal leucine-rich-repeat, a known regulatory region for NLR proteins. NLRP2 expression in airway epithelial cells was characterized and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and shRNA knockdown of NLRP2 was used to determine its function in O3-induced inflammation. No evidence for NLPR2 inflammasome formation or NLRP2-dependent increase in caspase-1 activity in response to O3 was observed. O3-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression for CXCL2 and CXCL8/IL8 was further enhanced in NLRP2 knockout cells, suggesting a negative regulatory role. Reconstitution of NLRP2 KO cells with K1019R mutant NLRP2 partially blocked SecoA adduction and enhanced O3-induced IL-8 release as compared to wild type NLRP2. Together, our findings uncover NLRP2 as a highly abundant, key component of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in airway epithelial cells and as a novel mediator of O3-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Perryman
- University of North Carolina, Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Adam M Speen
- US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, 314974, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Hye-Young H Kim
- Vanderbilt University, 5718, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jessica R Hoffman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Phillip W Clapp
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 6797, Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - John N Snouwaert
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 6797, Genetics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Ned A Porter
- Vanderbilt University, 5718, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- University of North Carolina, Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;
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4
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Chirumbolo S, Valdenassi L, Simonetti V, Bertossi D, Ricevuti G, Franzini M, Pandolfi S. Insights on the mechanisms of action of ozone in the medical therapy against COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107777. [PMID: 34020394 PMCID: PMC8112288 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of reports in the literature is showing that medical ozone (O3) is used, with encouraging results, in treating COVID-19 patients, optimizing pain and symptoms relief, respiratory parameters, inflammatory and coagulation markers and the overall health status, so reducing significantly how much time patients underwent hospitalization and intensive care. To date, aside from mechanisms taking into account the ability of O3 to activate a rapid oxidative stress response, by up-regulating antioxidant and scavenging enzymes, no sound hypothesis was addressed to attempt a synopsis of how O3 should act on COVID-19. The knowledge on how O3 works on inflammation and thrombosis mechanisms is of the utmost importance to make physicians endowed with new guns against SARS-CoV2 pandemic. This review tries to address this issue, so to expand the debate in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Luigi Valdenassi
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Simonetti
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Dario Bertossi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marianno Franzini
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sergio Pandolfi
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy; Villa Mafalda Clinics via Monte delle Gioie, Rome, Italy
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5
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Miyamoto S, Lima RS, Inague A, Viviani LG. Electrophilic oxysterols: generation, measurement and protein modification. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:416-440. [PMID: 33494620 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1879387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian plasma membranes. Alterations in sterol metabolism or oxidation have been linked to various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Unsaturated sterols are vulnerable to oxidation induced by singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. This process yields reactive sterol oxidation products, including hydroperoxides, epoxides as well as aldehydes. These oxysterols, in particular those with high electrophilicity, can modify nucleophilic sites in biomolecules and affect many cellular functions. Here, we review the generation and measurement of reactive sterol oxidation products with emphasis on cholesterol hydroperoxides and aldehyde derivatives (electrophilic oxysterols) and their effects on protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Viviani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Dantas LS, Viviani LG, Inague A, Piccirillo E, Rezende LD, Ronsein GE, Augusto O, Medeiros MHG, Amaral ATD, Miyamoto S. Lipid aldehyde hydrophobicity affects apo-SOD1 modification and aggregation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:157-167. [PMID: 32598986 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids are oxidized by reactive oxygen species and enzymes, leading to the increased formation of lipid hydroperoxides and several electrophilic products. Lipid-derived electrophiles can modify macromolecules, such as proteins, resulting in the loss of function and/or aggregation. The accumulation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) aggregates has been associated with familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The protein aggregation mechanisms in motor neurons remain unclear, although recent studies have shown that lipids and oxidized lipid derivatives may play roles in this process. Here, we aimed to compare the effects of different lipid aldehydes on the induction of SOD1 modifications and aggregation, in vitro. Human recombinant apo-SOD1 was incubated with 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), 2-hexen-1-al (HEX), 2,4-nonadienal (NON), 2,4-decadienal (DEC), or secosterol aldehydes (SECO-A or SECO-B). High-molecular-weight apo-SOD1 aggregates dramatically increased in the presence of highly hydrophobic aldehydes (LogPcalc > 3). Notably, several Lys residues were modified by exposure to all aldehydes. The observed modifications were primarily observed on Lys residues located near the dimer interface (K3 and K9) and at the electrostatic loop (K122, K128, and K136). Moreover, HHE and HNE induced extensive apo-SOD1 modifications, by forming Schiff bases or Michael adducts with Lys, His, and Cys residues. However, these aldehydes were unable to induce large protein aggregates. Overall, our data shed light on the importance of lipid aldehyde hydrophobicity on the induction of apo-SOD1 aggregation and identified preferential sites of lipid aldehyde-induced modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Viviani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Piccirillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Rezende
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziella E Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonia T do Amaral
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Lysine Reacts with Cholesterol Hydroperoxide to Form Secosterol Aldehydes and Lysine-Secosterol Aldehyde Adducts. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5862645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cholesterol secosterol aldehydes, namely, 3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al (secosterol A) and its aldolization product 3β-hydroxy-5β-hydroxy-B-norcholestane-6β-carboxyaldehyde (secosterol B), are highly bioactive compounds which have been detected in human tissues and potentially contribute to the development of physiological dysfunctions such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and cancer. They were originally considered to be exclusive products of cholesterol ozonolysis and thus to be evidence for endogenous ozone formation. However, it was recently postulated that primary amines such as lysine may catalyse their formation from cholesterol-5α-hydroperoxide (Ch-5α-OOH), the main product of the oxidation of cholesterol with singlet oxygen. This involves cyclization of Ch-5α-OOH to an unstable dioxetane intermediate, which decomposes to form secosterol aldehydes with triplet carbonyl groups, whose return to the singlet state is at least partly coupled to the conversion of triplet molecular oxygen to singlet oxygen. Here, we subjected cholesterol to photosensitized oxidation, which predominantly produces Ch-5α-OOH and minor amounts of the 6α- and 6β-hydroperoxides, exposed the hydroperoxide mixture to lysine in the presence of the antioxidant 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), and analysed the reaction mixture by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Consistent with the postulated lysine-catalysed formation of secosterol aldehydes, we detected formation of the latter and several types of their lysine adducts, including carbinolamines, Schiff’s bases, and amide-type adducts. We propose that the amide type adducts, which are major biomarkers of lipid oxidation, are mainly formed by singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation of the carbinolamine adducts.
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8
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Duecker FL, Reuß F, Heretsch P. Rearranged ergostane-type natural products: chemistry, biology, and medicinal aspects. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1624-1633. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rearranged ergostane-type natural products are structurally intriguing and exhibit biologically relevant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Reuß
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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9
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10
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Dantas LS, Chaves-Filho AB, Coelho FR, Genaro-Mattos TC, Tallman KA, Porter NA, Augusto O, Miyamoto S. Cholesterol secosterol aldehyde adduction and aggregation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase: Potential implications in ALS. Redox Biol 2018; 19:105-115. [PMID: 30142602 PMCID: PMC6106709 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. While the fundamental causes of the disease are still unclear, the accumulation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) immunoreactive aggregates is associated with familial ALS cases. Cholesterol 5,6-secosterol aldehydes (Seco A and Seco B) are reported to contribute to neurodegenerative disease pathology by inducing protein modification and aggregation. Here we have investigated the presence of secosterol aldehydes in ALS SOD1-G93A rats and their capacity to induce SOD1 aggregation. Secosterol aldehydes were analyzed in blood plasma, spinal cord and motor cortex of ALS rats at the pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages. Seco B was significantly increased in plasma of symptomatic ALS rats compared to pre-symptomatic animals, suggesting an association with disease progression. In vitro experiments showed that both Seco A and Seco B induce the formation of high molecular weight (HMW) SOD1 aggregates with amorphous morphology. SOD1 adduction to ω-alkynyl-secosterols analyzed by click assay showed that modified proteins are only detected in the HMW region, indicating that secosterol adduction generates species highly prone to aggregate. Of note, SOD1-secosterol adducts containing up to five secosterol molecules were confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis. Interestingly, mass spectrometry sequencing of SOD1 aggregates revealed preferential secosterol adduction to Lys residues located at the electrostatic loop (Lys 122, 128 and 136) and nearby the dimer interface (Lys 3 and 9). Altogether, our results show that secosterol aldehydes are increased in plasma of symptomatic ALS rats and represent a class of aldehydes that can potentially modify SOD1 enhancing its propensity to aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Evidence for the Formation of Ozone (or Ozone-Like Oxidants) by the Reaction of Singlet Oxygen with Amino Acids. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/6145180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies or some amino acids, namely, cysteine, methionine, histidine, and tryptophan, were previously reported to catalyse the conversion of singlet oxygen (1O2) to ozone (O3). The originally proposed mechanism for such biological ozone formation was that antibodies or amino acids catalyse the oxidation of water molecules by singlet oxygen to yield dihydrogen trioxide (HOOOH) as a precursor of ozone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, because HOOOH readily decomposes to form water and singlet oxygen rather than ozone and hydrogen peroxide, an alternative hypothesis has been proposed; ozone is formed due to the reaction of singlet oxygen with amino acids to form polyoxidic amino acid derivatives as ozone precursors. Evidence in support of the latter hypothesis is presented in this article, in that in the presence of singlet oxygen, methionine sulfoxide (RS(O)CH3), an oxidation product of methionine (RSCH3), was found to promote reactions that can best be attributed to the trioxidic anionic derivative RS+(OOO−)CH3 or ozone.
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12
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Niki E. Oxidant-specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. Association with atherosclerosis and implication for antioxidant effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:425-440. [PMID: 29625172 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unregulated oxidative modification of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids induced by multiple oxidants has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidants with diverse functions exert their roles either directly or indirectly in the physiological defense network to inhibit such deleterious oxidative modification of biological molecules and resulting damage. The efficacy of antioxidants depends on the nature of oxidants. Therefore, it is important to identify the oxidants which are responsible for modification of biological molecules. Some oxidation products produced selectively by specific oxidant enable to identify the responsible oxidants, while other products are produced by several oxidants similarly. In this review article, several oxidant-specific products produced selectively by peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, hypochlorous acid, lipoxygenase, and singlet oxygen were summarized and their potential role as biomarker is discussed. It is shown that the levels of specific oxidation products including hydroxylinoleate isomers, nitrated and chlorinated products, and oxysterols produced by the above-mentioned oxidants are elevated in the human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that all these oxidants may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Further, it was shown that the reactivities of physiological antioxidants toward the above-mentioned oxidants vary extensively, suggesting that multiple antioxidants effective against these different oxidants are required, since no single antioxidant alone can cope with these multiple oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan.
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13
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Miyoshi N. Biochemical properties of cholesterol aldehyde secosterol and its derivatives. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 62:107-114. [PMID: 29610549 PMCID: PMC5874229 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of cholesterol aldehyde, 3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al (secosterol-A, also called 5,6-secosterol), and its aldolization product (secosterol-B) have been detected in human atherosclerotic plaques and tissues samples of brains affected by neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia suggesting that increased formation of these compounds may be associated with inflammation-related diseases. Secosterol-A and secosterol-B, and also further oxidized products seco-A-COOH and seco-B-COOH induce several pro-inflammatory activities in vitro. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that the covalent bindings of these secosterols to target proteins seem to be critical to trigger their pro-inflammatory activities. One of the molecular mechanisms of protein adduct formations is that aldehydic function of secosterol-A and secosterol-B is reactive and form Schiff bases with ε- or N-terminal amino groups of proteins. In other cases, it is recently suggested that Michael acceptor moiety formed by the dehydration of not only secosterol-A and secosterol-B but also seco-A-COOH may react with nucleophilic site on target proteins. In this review, I summarize and provide an overview of formation mechanism of secosterols in in vitro and in vivo, patho- or physiological concentrations in biological and clinical samples, and molecular mechanisms of pro-inflammatory activities of secosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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14
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Kato Y. Introduction to serial reviews: Current progress in covalent modification of biomolecules by compounds in food or oxidatively generated compounds - its relevance to biological functions. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 62:1-2. [PMID: 29362516 PMCID: PMC5773828 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kato
- Laboratory of Free Radical and Food Function, School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-honcho, Himeji, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.,Research Institute for Food and Nutrition, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-honcho, Himeji, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan
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15
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Aratani Y. Myeloperoxidase: Its role for host defense, inflammation, and neutrophil function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 640:47-52. [PMID: 29336940 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase expressed mainly in neutrophils and to a lesser degree in monocytes. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and halides, MPO catalyzes the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The MPO/HOCl system plays an important role in microbial killing by neutrophils. In addition, MPO has been demonstrated to be a local mediator of tissue damage and the resulting inflammation in various inflammatory diseases. These findings have implicated MPO as an important therapeutic target in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. In contrast to its injurious effects at sites of inflammation, recent studies using animal models of various inflammatory diseases have demonstrated that MPO deficiency results in the exaggeration of inflammatory response, and that it affects neutrophil functions including cytokine production. Given these diverse effects, a growing interest has emerged in the role of this well-studied enzyme in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Aratani
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
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16
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Zerbinati C, Iuliano L. Cholesterol and related sterols autoxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:151-155. [PMID: 28428001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a unique lipid molecule providing the building block for membranes, hormones, vitamin D and bile acid synthesis. Metabolism of cholesterol involves several enzymes acting on the sterol nucleus or the isooctyl tail. In the recent years, research interest has been focused on oxysterols, cholesterol derivatives generated by the addition of oxygen to the cholesterol backbone. Oxysterols can be produced enzymatically or by autoxidation. Autoxidation of cholesterol proceeds through type I or type II mechanisms. Type I autoxidation is initiated by free radical species, such as those arising from the superoxide/hydrogen peroxide/hydroxyl radical system. Type II autoxidation occurs stoichiometrically by non-radical highly reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, HOCl, and ozone. The vulnerability of cholesterol towards high reactive species has raised considerable interest for mechanistic studies and for the potential biological activity of oxysterols, as well as for the use of oxysterols as biomarkers for the non-invasive study of oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zerbinati
- Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy.
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17
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Brzeska M, Szymczyk K, Szterk A. Current Knowledge about Oxysterols: A Review. J Food Sci 2016; 81:R2299-R2308. [PMID: 27561087 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For years food consumers have been warned that a cholesterol-rich diet may result in atherosclerosis. It is also well known that consumption of large amounts of phytosterols decreases concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in blood (LDLs are regarded a key risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases). However, no scientific evidence has unambiguously proved any direct connection between amount of consumed cholesterol and LDL level in blood. On the other hand, concentration of cholesterol oxidation products, oxysterols, seems to be indeed relevant; for example, they significantly impact appearance of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). Phytosterols (like sitosterol or campasterol) decrease LDL level in blood, but on the other hand products of their oxidation are toxic. Therefore, it is worth to know influence of phytosterols on living organisms, processes which lead to their formation, and their levels in popular foodstuffs. This paper is an attempt to review literature data on the above aspects, as well as on impact on living organisms of oxidation products of popular sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Brzeska
- Dept. of Food Analysis, The Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Szymczyk
- Dept. of Food Analysis, The Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Szterk
- National Medicines Inst, Dept. of Spectrometric Methods, 30/40 Chełmska, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Endogenous Generation of Singlet Oxygen and Ozone in Human and Animal Tissues: Mechanisms, Biological Significance, and Influence of Dietary Components. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2398573. [PMID: 27042259 PMCID: PMC4799824 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2398573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that exposing antibodies or amino acids to singlet oxygen results in the formation of ozone (or an ozone-like oxidant) and hydrogen peroxide and that human neutrophils produce both singlet oxygen and ozone during bacterial killing. There is also mounting evidence that endogenous singlet oxygen production may be a common occurrence in cells through various mechanisms. Thus, the ozone-producing combination of singlet oxygen and amino acids might be a common cellular occurrence. This paper reviews the potential pathways of formation of singlet oxygen and ozone in vivo and also proposes some new pathways for singlet oxygen formation. Physiological consequences of the endogenous formation of these oxidants in human tissues are discussed, as well as examples of how dietary factors may promote or inhibit their generation and activity.
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19
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Miyoshi N. Chemical alterations and regulations of biomolecules in lifestyle-related diseases. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1046-53. [PMID: 26856708 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1141037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We know experientially that not only nutrient factors but also non-nutritive functional food factors are playing important roles in maintenance of homeostasis, health promotion, and disease prevention. Although some of these effective behaviors are supported by accumulating scientific evidences, it is in general difficult to determine properly in human. Therefore, the discovering of novel biomarker and developments of the analytical method are one of the prudent strategies to understand disease etiology and evaluate efficacies of functional food factors via monitoring the pathophysiological alteration in live body, tissue, and cells. This review describes recent our findings on (1) formation mechanism, bioactivities, quantitative determination of cholesterol ozonolysis product, secosterol as possible biomarker for lifestyle-related disease, and (2) chemical biology approach for the investigating molecular mechanisms of most promising cancer chemopreventive food factors, isothiocyanate-inducing bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyoshi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
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20
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Rapid assessment of singlet oxygen-induced plasma lipid oxidation and its inhibition by antioxidants with diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP). Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:265-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Onyango AN. Alternatives to the 'water oxidation pathway' of biological ozone formation. J Chem Biol 2015; 9:1-8. [PMID: 26855676 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-015-0140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that ozone (O3) is endogenously generated in living tissues, where it makes both positive and negative physiological contributions. A pathway for the formation of both O3 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was previously proposed, beginning with the antibody or amino acid-catalyzed oxidation of water by singlet oxygen ((1)O2) to form hydrogen trioxide (H2O3) as a key intermediate. A key pillar of this hypothesis is that some of the H2O2 molecules incorporate water-derived oxygen atoms. However, H2O3 decomposes extremely readily in water to form (1)O2 and water, rather than O3 and H2O2. This article highlights key literature indicating that the oxidation of organic molecules such as the amino acids methionine, tryptophan, histidine, and cysteine by (1)O2 is involved in ozone formation. Based on this, an alternative hypothesis for ozone formation is developed involving a further reaction of singlet oxygen with various oxidized organic intermediates. H2O2 having water-derived oxygen atoms is subsequently formed during ozone decomposition in water by known reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold N Onyango
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P. O. Box 62000, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
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22
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Tomono S, Miyoshi N, Ohshima H. Comprehensive analysis of the lipophilic reactive carbonyls present in biological specimens by LC/ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:149-56. [PMID: 25777478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical method has been developed for profiling lipophilic reactive carbonyls (RCs) such as aldehydes and ketones in biological samples using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The method consists of several phases, including (1) extraction of lipophilic RCs with a chloroform/methanol mixture; (2) derivatization of the extracted RCs with dansyl hydrazine (DH); and (3) SRM detection of the characteristic product ion of the 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl moiety (m/z 236.1). The analytical results were expressed as RC maps, which allowed for the occurrence and levels of different lipophilic RCs to be visualized. We also developed a highly reproducible and accurate method to extract, purify and derivatize RCs in small volumes of biological specimens. This method was applied to the detection of free RCs in mice plasma samples, and resulted in the detection of more than 400 RCs in samples obtained from C57BL/6J mice. Thirty-four of these RCs were identified by comparison with authentic RCs. This method could be used to investigate the levels of RCs in biological and environmental samples, as well as studying the role of lipid peroxidation in oxidative stress related-disorders and discovering new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tomono
- Laboratory of Longevity Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Longevity Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Laboratory of Longevity Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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23
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Windsor K, Genaro-Mattos TC, Miyamoto S, Stec DF, Kim HYH, Tallman KA, Porter NA. Assay of protein and peptide adducts of cholesterol ozonolysis products by hydrophobic and click enrichment methods. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1757-68. [PMID: 25185119 PMCID: PMC4203397 DOI: 10.1021/tx500229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cholesterol
undergoes ozonolysis to afford a variety of oxysterol
products, including cholesterol-5,6-epoxide (CholEp) and the isomeric
aldehydes secosterol A (seco A) and secosterol B (seco B). These oxysterols
display numerous important biological activities, including protein
adduction; however, much remains to be learned about the identity
of the reactive species and the range of proteins modified by these
oxysterols. Here, we synthesized alkynyl derivatives of cholesterol-derived
oxysterols and employed a straightforward detection method to establish
secosterols A and B as the most protein-reactive of the oxysterols
tested. Model adduction studies with an amino acid, peptides, and
proteins provide evidence for the potential role of secosterol dehydration
products in protein adduction. Hydrophobic separation methods—Folch
extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE)—were successfully
applied to enrich oxysterol-adducted peptide species, and LC-MS/MS
analysis of a model peptide–seco adduct revealed a unique fragmentation
pattern (neutral loss of 390 Da) for that species. Coupling a hydrophobic
enrichment method with proteomic analysis utilizing characteristic
fragmentation patterns facilitates the identification of secosterol-modified
peptides and proteins in an adducted protein. More broadly, these
improved enrichment methods may give insight into the role of oxysterols
and ozone exposure in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including
atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease,
and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Windsor
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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24
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Cytotoxic Effects of Secosterols and Their Derivatives on Several Cultured Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:651-3. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Hörl G, Ledinski G, Kager G, Hallström S, Tafeit E, Koestenberger M, Jürgens G, Cvirn G. In vitro oxidation of LDL by ozone. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 183:18-21. [PMID: 24835738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that ozone is present in atherosclerotic lesions. Since these lesions are characterized by a dramatic accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), we aimed to investigate whether ozone is capable of oxidizing LDL, thereby rendering this lipoprotein atherogenic. Lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) concentrations and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured to assess the oxidative status of the lipid part of LDL. Relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) and oxidation-specific immune epitopes were measured to assess the oxidative status of the protein part (apoB) of the LDL particle. Ozone turned out to be a potent oxidant of LDL. LPO concentrations, TBARS, REM, and oxidation-specific immune epitopes significantly increased upon ozonization. Our results suggest that ozonization of LDL may be a novel pathway which supports atherogenesis. Ozone is capable of oxidizing the lipid part of LDL, followed by immediate oxidation of the protein part of LDL, rendering the lipoprotein atherogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Hörl
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ledinski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Kager
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin Tafeit
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Günther Jürgens
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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26
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Miyoshi N, Iuliano L, Tomono S, Ohshima H. Implications of cholesterol autoxidation products in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:702-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Niki E. Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in clinical material. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:809-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Genaro-Mattos TC, Appolinário PP, Mugnol KCU, Bloch C, Nantes IL, Di Mascio P, Miyamoto S. Covalent binding and anchoring of cytochrome c to mitochondrial mimetic membranes promoted by cholesterol carboxyaldehyde. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1536-44. [PMID: 24059586 DOI: 10.1021/tx4002385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cholesterol has been reported to be increased under specific pathological conditions associated with enhanced oxidative stress parameters. In this scenario, cholesterol oxidation would be increased, leading to the production of reactive aldehydes, including cholesterol carboxyaldehyde (ChAld). By using SDS micelles as a mitochondrial mimetic model, we have demonstrated that ChAld covalently modifies cytochrome c (cytc), a protein known to participate in electron transport and apoptosis signaling. This mimetic model induces changes in cytc structure in the same way as mitochondrial membranes do. Tryptic digestion of the cytc-ChAld adduct followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF analyses revealed that modifications occur at Lys residues (K22) localized at cytc site L, a site involved in protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions. Interestingly, ChAld ligation prevented cytc detachment from liposomes even under high ionic strength conditions. Overall, it can be concluded that ChAld ligation to Lys residues at site L creates a hydrophobic tail at cytc, which promotes cytc anchoring to the membrane. Although not investigated in detail in this study, cytc adduction to cholesterol derived aldehydes could have implications in cytc release from mitochondria under apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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29
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Cerkovnik J, Plesničar B. Recent advances in the chemistry of hydrogen trioxide (HOOOH). Chem Rev 2013; 113:7930-51. [PMID: 23808683 DOI: 10.1021/cr300512s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janez Cerkovnik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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30
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Miyoshi N, Iwasaki N, Tomono S, Higashi T, Ohshima H. Occurrence of cytotoxic 9-oxononanoyl secosterol aldehydes in human low-density lipoprotein. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:73-9. [PMID: 23395781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The reaction products of three major cholesteryl esters, cholesteryl palmitate (C16:0-CE), cholesteryl oleate (C18:1-CE), and cholesteryl linoleate (C18:2-CE), present in human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) treated with ozone were isolated and characterized. In vitro ozonization of C16:0-CE was found to form the palmitoyl ester of secosterol-A (3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al) and its aldolization product secosterol-B (3β-hydroxy-5β-hydroxy-B-norcholestane-6β-carboxaldehyde). On the other hand, when C18:1-CE and C18:2-CE were oxidized by ozone, the aldehyde 9-oxononanoyl cholesterol (9-ONC) was formed as a primary product, which was then further oxidized to form 9-oxononanoyl secosterol-A (9-ON-secoA) and 9-oxononanoyl secosterol-B (9-ON-secoB). The compounds 9-ON-secoA and -B, but not 9-ONC, were found to exhibit strong cytotoxicity against human leukemia HL-60 cells. An LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for the detection of these cholesteryl ester ozonolysis products by derivatizing them with dansyl hydrazine. Using this method, we found for the first time that low concentrations of 9-ON-secoA and -B, but not palmitoyl secosterols, were present in human LDL. These novel oxidized cholesterol esters, 9-ON-secoA and -B, probably play important roles in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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31
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Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ. Redox reactions and microbial killing in the neutrophil phagosome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:642-60. [PMID: 22881869 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE When neutrophils kill microorganisms, they ingest them into phagosomes and bombard them with a burst of reactive oxygen species. RECENT ADVANCES This review focuses on what oxidants are produced and how they kill. The neutrophil NADPH oxidase is activated and shuttles electrons from NADPH in the cytoplasm to oxygen in the phagosomal lumen. Superoxide is generated in the narrow space between the ingested organism and the phagosomal membrane and kinetic modeling indicates that it reaches a concentration of around 20 μM. Degranulation leads to a very high protein concentration with up to millimolar myeloperoxidase (MPO). MPO has many substrates, but its main phagosomal reactions should be to dismutate superoxide and, provided adequate chloride, catalyze efficient conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Studies with specific probes have shown that HOCl is produced in the phagosome and reacts with ingested bacteria. The amount generated should be high enough to kill. However, much of the HOCl reacts with phagosomal proteins. Generation of chloramines may contribute to killing, but the full consequences of this are not yet clear. CRITICAL ISSUES Isolated neutrophils kill most of the ingested microorganisms rapidly by an MPO-dependent mechanism that is almost certainly due to HOCl. However, individuals with MPO deficiency rarely have problems with infection. A possible explanation is that HOCl provides a frontline response that kills most of the microorganisms, with survivors killed by nonoxidative processes. The latter may deal adequately with low-level infection but with high exposure, more efficient HOCl-dependent killing is required. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Better quantification of HOCl and other oxidants in the phagosome should clarify their roles in antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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32
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Lai YL, Tomono S, Miyoshi N, Ohshima H. Inhibition of endothelial- and neuronal-type, but not inducible-type, nitric oxide synthase by the oxidized cholesterol metabolite secosterol aldehyde: Implications for vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:84-9. [PMID: 22247606 PMCID: PMC3246188 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol ozonolysis products secosterol-A and its aldolization product secosterol-B were recently detected in human atherosclerotic tissues and brain specimens, and have been postulated to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined several oxidized cholesterol metabolites including secosterol-A, secosterol-B, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 5β,6β-epoxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol for their effects on the activities of three nitric oxide synthases. In contrast to other oxidized metabolites, secosterol-A was found to be a potent inhibitor against the neuronal- and endothelial-type, but not the inducible-type nitric oxide synthase, with IC50 values of 22 ± 1 and 50 ± 5 µM, respectively. The calmodulin-binding regions of the neuronal- and endothelial-nitric oxide synthases contain lysine residues which are not present in the inducible-type nitric oxide synthase. Secosterol-A modifies proteins through the formation of a Schiff base with the lysine epsilon-amino group. It is possible that secosterol-A modifies lysine residues of constitutive nitric oxide synthases, leading to the inhibition of enzymatic activities. As nitric oxide is a critical signaling molecule in vascular function and in long-term potentiation, its reduced production through inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthases by secosterol-A may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and memory impairment in particular neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ling Lai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Global Center of Excellence Program, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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A highly sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the quantification of cholesterol ozonolysis products secosterol-A and secosterol-B after derivatization with 2-hydrazino-1-methylpyridine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2802-8. [PMID: 21871845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol ozonolysis products, 3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al (secosterol-A) and its aldolization product 3β-hydroxy-5β-hydroxy-B-norcholestane-6β-carboxaldehyde (secosterol-B) have been found in atherosclerosis plaques and the brain tissues of Alzheimer's disease patients, implicating them in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. We have recently reported that when cholesterol is oxidized with an ozone-like oxidant generated by activated mouse neutrophils, secosterol-A is generated which is then converted to secosterol-B by an aldol reaction. To investigate further pathophysiological roles of secosterols, we have developed a highly sensitive method to detect secosterol-A and -B as derivatives with 2-hydrazino-1-methylpyridine (HMP) by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The limits of detection for the HMP derivatives of secosterol-A and secosterol-B were 0.05 and 0.01fmol, respectively, which were approximately 400 and 2000 times better than those for underivatized secosterol-A and -B. We also developed a highly reproducible and accurate method to extract, purify and derivatize secosterol in small volumes of biological specimens. Using this method, we determined the levels of secosterol-A and -B as 1.4 ± 0.7 and 4.3 ± 0.8 nM, respectively, in the plasma of normal C57BL/6 mice, and in the range of 10.4 ± 16.3 to 40.7 ± 20.1 pmol/g and 110.9 ± 10.6 to 161.5 ± 56.3 pmol/g, respectively, in the brain, liver and lung tissues.
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