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Wang JJ, Jin S, Zhang H, Xu Y, Hu W, Jiang Y, Chen C, Wang DW, Xu HE, Wu C. Molecular recognition and activation of the prostacyclin receptor by anti-pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk5184. [PMID: 38335293 PMCID: PMC10857463 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor (IP) is a Gs-coupled receptor associated with blood pressure regulation, allergy, and inflammatory response. It is a main therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and several other diseases. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human IP-Gs complex bound with two anti-PAH drugs, treprostinil and MRE-269 (active form of selexipag), at global resolutions of 2.56 and 2.41 angstrom, respectively. These structures revealed distinct features governing IP ligand binding, receptor activation, and G protein coupling. Moreover, comparison of the activated IP structures uncovered the mechanism and key residues that determine the superior selectivity of MRE-269 over treprostinil. Combined with molecular docking and functional studies, our structures provide insight into agonist selectivity, ligand recognition, receptor activation, and G protein coupling. Our results provide a structural template for further improving IP-targeting drugs to reduce off-target activation of prostanoid receptors and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Sanshan Jin
- Lingang laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - H. Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Canrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Alqarni AA, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SA, Alqahtani JS, Siraj RA, Alwafi H, AlGarni AA, Majrshi MS, Alshehri SM, Pang L. Role of prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in pulmonary hypertension due to COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1275684. [PMID: 37881627 PMCID: PMC10597708 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1275684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is classified as Group 3 PH, with no current proven targeted therapies. Studies suggest that cigarette smoke, the most risk factor for COPD can cause vascular remodelling and eventually PH as a result of dysfunction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). In addition, hypoxia is a known driver of pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD, and it is also thought that the presence of hypoxia in patients with COPD may further exaggerate cigarette smoke-induced vascular remodelling; however, the underlying cause is not fully understood. Three main pathways (prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin) are currently used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with different groups of PH. However, drugs targeting these three pathways are not approved for patients with COPD-associated PH due to lack of evidence. Thus, this review aims to shed light on the role of impaired prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in cigarette smoke- and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and also discusses the potential of using these pathways as therapeutic target for patients with PH secondary to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Alqarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Alghamdi
- Respiratory Care Department, Al Murjan Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A. Siraj
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem A. AlGarni
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, The Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S. Majrshi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linhua Pang
- Respiratory Medicine Research Group, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Harris TR, Griffith JA, Clarke CEC, Garner KL, Bowdridge EC, DeVallance E, Engles KJ, Batchelor TP, Goldsmith WT, Wix K, Nurkiewicz TR, Rand AA. Distinct profiles of oxylipid mediators in liver, lung, and placenta after maternal nano-TiO 2 nanoparticle inhalation exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. ADVANCES 2023; 2:740-748. [PMID: 37181648 PMCID: PMC10167894 DOI: 10.1039/d2va00300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is a widely used nanomaterial found in several industrial and consumer products, including surface coatings, paints, sunscreens and cosmetics, among others. Studies have linked gestational exposure to nano-TiO2 with negative maternal and fetal health outcomes. For example, maternal pulmonary exposure to nano-TiO2 during gestation has been associated not only with maternal, but also fetal microvascular dysfunction in a rat model. One mediator of this altered vascular reactivity and inflammation is oxylipid signaling. Oxylipids are formed from dietary lipids through several enzyme-controlled pathways as well as through oxidation by reactive oxygen species. Oxylipids have been linked to control of vascular tone, inflammation, pain and other physiological and disease processes. In this study, we use a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS based analysis to probe the global oxylipid response in liver, lung, and placenta of pregnant rats exposed to nano-TiO2 aerosols. Each organ presented distinct patterns in oxylipid signaling, as assessed by principal component and hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis. In general, pro-inflammatory mediators, such as 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (1.6 fold change) were elevated in the liver, while in the lung, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators such as 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (1.4 fold change) were elevated. In the placenta the levels of oxylipid mediators were generally decreased, both inflammatory (e.g. PGE2, 0.52 fold change) and anti-inflammatory (e.g. Leukotriene B4, 0.49 fold change). This study, the first to quantitate the levels of these oxylipids simultaneously after nano-TiO2 exposure, shows the complex interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators from multiple lipid classes and highlights the limitations of monitoring the levels of oxylipid mediators in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Julie A Griffith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Colleen E C Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Krista L Garner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bowdridge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Evan DeVallance
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Kevin J Engles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
| | - Thomas P Batchelor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - William T Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Kim Wix
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Amy A Rand
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S5B6 Canada
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Griffith JA, Garner KL, Bowdridge EC, DeVallance E, Schafner KJ, Engles KJ, Batchelor TP, Goldsmith WT, Wix K, Hussain S, Nurkiewicz TR. Nanomaterial Inhalation During Pregnancy Alters Systemic Vascular Function in a Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Manner. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:219-233. [PMID: 35642938 PMCID: PMC9333412 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy requires rapid adaptations in the uterine microcirculation to support fetal development. Nanomaterial inhalation is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, which may impair gestation. We have shown that maternal nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) inhalation impairs microvascular endothelial function in response to arachidonic acid and thromboxane (TXA2) mimetics. However, the mechanisms underpinning this process are unknown. Therefore, we hypothesize that maternal nano-TiO2 inhalation during gestation results in uterine microvascular prostacyclin (PGI2) and TXA2 dysfunction. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed from gestational day 10-19 to nano-TiO2 aerosols (12.17 ± 1.67 mg/m3) or filtered air (sham-control). Dams were euthanized on gestational day 20, and serum, uterine radial arterioles, implantation sites, and lungs were collected. Serum was assessed for PGI2 and TXA2 metabolites. TXB2, the stable TXA2 metabolite, was significantly decreased in nano-TiO2 exposed dams (597.3 ± 84.4 vs 667.6 ± 45.6 pg/ml), whereas no difference was observed for 6-keto-PGF1α, the stable PGI2 metabolite. Radial arteriole pressure myography revealed that nano-TiO2 exposure caused increased vasoconstriction to the TXA2 mimetic, U46619, compared with sham-controls (-41.3% ± 4.3% vs -16.8% ± 3.4%). Nano-TiO2 exposure diminished endothelium-dependent vasodilation to carbaprostacyclin, a PGI2 receptor agonist, compared with sham-controls (30.0% ± 9.0% vs 53.7% ± 6.0%). Maternal nano-TiO2 inhalation during gestation decreased nano-TiO2 female pup weight when compared with sham-control males (3.633 ± 0.064 vs 3.995 ± 0.124 g). Augmented TXA2 vasoconstriction and decreased PGI2 vasodilation may lead to decreased placental blood flow and compromise maternofetal exchange of waste and nutrients, which could ultimately impact fetal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Griffith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - Krista L Garner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bowdridge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - Evan DeVallance
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - Kallie J Schafner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - Kevin J Engles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - Thomas P Batchelor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - William T Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - Kimberley Wix
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-9229, USA
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Cabaj A, Moszyńska A, Charzyńska A, Bartoszewski R, Dąbrowski M. Functional and HRE motifs count analysis of induction of selected hypoxia-responsive genes by HIF-1 and HIF-2 in human umbilical endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110209. [PMID: 34890779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of selective knockdown of either HIF-1α or HIF-2α on the transcriptional response to hypoxia of human umbilical endothelial cells at two time-points (2 h and 8 h) of hypoxia. We focused on 13 previously identified hypoxia-responsive genes, pre-selected to have different activation kinetics and different proportions of HRE motifs annotated to either HIF-1 or HIF-2 in open promoters - open chromatin DNase-hypersensitive sites (DHS) regions within ±1 kb of the gene start. We report that genes activated by both HIF-1 and 2 tend to be activated earlier than genes activated by HIF-1 only, which, in turn, tend to be activated earlier than genes activated by HIF-2 only. Moreover, for the 13 analyzed genes, we found that the effect of silencing HIF1A on the gene induction by hypoxia is greater for the genes with more HRE motifs annotated to HIF-1 in their promoter open chromatin DHS regions within ±1 kb and also within ±10 kb of the gene start. We corroborated and extended this finding by showing that among 232 genes previously identified as activated by hypoxia, the genes with ChIP-seq peak(s) for HIF-1α within a ±10 kb flank of the gene start contain more HRE motifs annotated to HIF-1 in the DHS regions within this flank than the genes with no ChIP-seq peaks. Also in the whole genome, the DHS regions intersecting ChIP-seq peaks for HIF-1α contain more HRE motifs annotated to HIF-1 than the DHS regions not intersecting the ChIP-seq peaks. This suggests a mechanism, by which higher promoter content of HRE motifs in DHS regions increases HIF-1 binding, which in turn increases gene induction by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Cabaj
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Moszyńska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Charzyńska
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Oyesola OO, Tait Wojno ED. Prostaglandin regulation of type 2 inflammation: From basic biology to therapeutic interventions. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2399-2416. [PMID: 34396535 PMCID: PMC8843787 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is critical for the protective and repair responses that mediate resistance to parasitic helminth infection. This immune response also drives aberrant inflammation during atopic diseases. Prostaglandins are a class of critical lipid mediators that are released during type 2 inflammation and are integral in controlling the initiation, activation, maintenance, effector functions, and resolution of Type 2 inflammation. In this review, we explore the roles of the different prostaglandin family members and the receptors they bind to during allergen‐ and helminth‐induced Type 2 inflammation and the mechanism through which prostaglandins promote or suppress Type 2 inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of prostaglandins produced by helminth parasites in the regulation of host–pathogen interactions, and how prostaglandins may regulate the inverse relationship between helminth infection and allergy. Finally, we discuss opportunities to capitalize on our understanding of prostaglandin pathways to develop new therapeutic options for humans experiencing Type 2 inflammatory disorders that have a significant prostaglandin‐driven component including allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyebola O Oyesola
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98117, USA
| | - Elia D Tait Wojno
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98117, USA
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Schmid T, Brüne B. Prostanoids and Resolution of Inflammation - Beyond the Lipid-Mediator Class Switch. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714042. [PMID: 34322137 PMCID: PMC8312722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators play a major role in regulating inflammatory processes. Herein, early pro-inflammatory phases are characterized and regulated by prostanoids and leukotrienes, whereas specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, dominate during the resolution phase. While pro-inflammatory properties of prostanoids have been studied extensively, their impact on later phases of the inflammatory process has been attributed mainly to their ability to initiate the lipid-mediator class switch towards SPM. Yet, there is accumulating evidence that prostanoids directly contribute to the resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. In this mini review, we summarize the current knowledge of the resolution-regulatory properties of prostanoids and discuss potential implications for anti-inflammatory, prostanoid-targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
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Wang J, Xiang Y, Jiang S, Li H, Caviezel F, Katawatin S, Duangjinda M. Involvement of the VEGF signaling pathway in immunosuppression and hypoxia stress: analysis of mRNA expression in lymphocytes mediating panting in Jersey cattle under heat stress. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:209. [PMID: 34098948 PMCID: PMC8186226 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme panting under heat stress threatens dairy cattle milk production. Previous research has revealed that the gas exchange-mediated respiratory drive in critically ill dairy cattle with low O2 saturation induces panting. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling may play important roles in immunosuppression and oxidative stress during severe respiratory stress responses in heat-stressed cattle. The objectives of this study were to transcriptomically analyze mRNA expression mediating heat-induced respiratory stress-associated panting, evaluate gas exchange, screen hub genes, and verify the expression of proteins encoded by differentially expressed genes in lymphocyte pathways. RESULTS Jersey cattle were naturally heat-exposed. Physiological data were collected for response evaluation, and blood was collected for gas exchange and gene expression assays at 06:00, 10:00 and 14:00 continuously for 1 week. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole-blood samples for mRNA-seq and expression analysis of key pathway genes/proteins. The cattle respiration rates differed with time, averaging 51 bpm at 06:00, 76 bpm at 10:00, and 121 bpm at 14:00 (p < 0.05). Gas exchange analysis showed that both pH and pCO2 differed with time: they were 7.41 and 41 mmHg at 06:00, 7.45 and 37.5 mmHg at 10:00, and 7.49 and 33 mmHg at 14:00, respectively (p < 0.01). Sixteen heat-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 13 upregulated and 3 downregulated) were screened between 212 DEGs and 1370 heat stress-affected genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) hub gene functional analysis annotated eleven genes to signal transduction, six genes to the immune response, and five genes to the endocrine response, including both prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and VEGF. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis revealed that oxygen regulation was associated with the phosphorus metabolic process, response to oxygen levels, response to decreased oxygen levels, response to hypoxia and cytokine activity terms. The main signaling pathways were the VEGF, hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and TNF pathways. Four genes involved Integrin beta 3 (ITBG3), PTGS2, VEGF, and myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) among the 16 genes related to immunosuppression, oxidative stress, and endocrine dysfunction were identified as participants in the VEGF signaling pathway and oxygenation. CONCLUSION These findings help elucidate the underlying immune and oxygen regulation mechanisms associated with the VEGF signaling pathway in heat-stressed dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China.
| | - Yang Xiang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Shisong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hongchang Li
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Flurin Caviezel
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Suporn Katawatin
- Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Monchai Duangjinda
- Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Vitamin D stimulates miR-26b-5p to inhibit placental COX-2 expression in preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11168. [PMID: 34045549 PMCID: PMC8160000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Increased placental cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity was proposed to contribute to the inflammatory response in preeclampsia. This study was to investigate if vitamin D can benefit preeclampsia by inhibiting placental COX-2 expression. Placenta tissues were obtained from 40 pregnant women (23 normotensive and 17 preeclampsia). miR-26b-5p expression was assessed by quantitative PCR. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression and COX-2 expression were determined by immunostaining and Western blot. HTR-8/SVneo trophoblastic cells were cultured in vitro to test anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D in placental trophoblasts treated with oxidative stress inducer CoCl2. 1,25(OH)2D3 was used as bioactive vitamin D. Our results showed that reduced VDR and miR-26b-5p expression, but increased COX-2 expression, was observed in the placentas from women with preeclampsia compared to those from normotensive pregnant women. Transient overexpression of miR-26b-5p attenuated the upregulation of COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production induced by CoCl2 in placental trophoblasts. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment inhibited CoCl2-induced upregulation of COX-2 in placental trophoblasts. Moreover, miR-26b-5p expression were significantly upregulated in cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3, but not in cells transfected with VDR siRNA. Conclusively, downregulation of VDR and miR-26b-5p expression was associated with upregulation of COX-2 expression in the placentas from women with preeclampsia. 1,25(OH)2D3 could promote miR-26b-5p expression which in turn inhibited COX-2 expression and PGE2 formation in placental trophoblasts. The finding of anti-inflammatory property by vitamin D through promotion of VDR/miR-26b-5p expression provides significant evidence that downregulation of vitamin D/VDR signaling could contribute to increased inflammatory response in preeclampsia.
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Yan Y, Song D, Zhang X, Hui G, Wang J. GEO Data Sets Analysis Identifies COX-2 and Its Related Micro RNAs as Biomarkers for Non-Ischemic Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1155. [PMID: 32848764 PMCID: PMC7419645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome with a variety of causes, risk factors, and pathology. Clinically, only brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or its precursor N-terminus proBNP (NTproBNP) has been validated for HF diagnosis, but they are also affected by other conditions, such as female gender, renal disease, and acute coronary syndromes, and false low levels in the setting of obesity or flash pulmonary edema. In addition, there is no one biomarker which could encompass all heart failure phenotypes. Advances in bioinformatics have provided us with large databases that characterize the complex genetic and epigenetic changes associated with human diseases. The use of data mining strategies on public access databases to identify previously unknown disease markers is an innovative approach to identify potential biomarkers or even new therapeutic targets in complex diseases such as heart failure (HF). In this study, we analyzed the genomic and transcription data of HF peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus data sets using Omicsbean online database (http://www.omicsbean.cn/) and found that the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), also named as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as its related micro RNAs including miR-1297 and miR-4649-3p might be used as potential biomarkers for non-ischemic heart failure. Our result showed that plasma COX-2 and miR-4649-3p were significantly up-regulated, whereas the plasma miR-1297 was significantly decreased, and miR-4649-3p displayed high predictive power for non-ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Hui
- The Department of 31656 Troops of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Leshan, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Rendic SP, Peter Guengerich F. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes 5-51 as targets of drugs and natural and environmental compounds: mechanisms, induction, and inhibition - toxic effects and benefits. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 50:256-342. [PMID: 30717606 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1483401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, pro-carcinogens, and other xenobiotic chemicals. They have also been of interest due to their very critical roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, vitamins, and certain eicosanoids. This review covers the 22 (of the total of 57) human P450s in Families 5-51 and their substrate selectivity. Furthermore, included is information and references regarding inducibility, inhibition, and (in some cases) stimulation by chemicals. We update and discuss important aspects of each of these 22 P450s and questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- b Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
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12
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Yajima S, Miyagawa S, Fukushima S, Sakai Y, Iseoka H, Harada A, Isohashi K, Horitsugi G, Mori Y, Shiozaki M, Ohkawara H, Sakaniwa R, Hatazawa J, Yoshioka Y, Sawa Y. Prostacyclin Analogue-Loaded Nanoparticles Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:318-331. [PMID: 31312756 PMCID: PMC6609885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intravenously injected ONO-1301–containing nanoparticles selectively accumulated in the ischemic border area of the myocardium. Prominent up-regulation occurred of proangiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 in the ischemic myocardium, which may have contributed to the preservation of the native vascular and capillary networks, thus preserving regional myocardial blood flow. Down-regulation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the ischemic myocardium might have led to the attenuation of myocyte swelling and the suppression of the endothelial bleb formation, also contributing to the preservation of myocardial blood flow or the reduced infarct size.
Intravenously injected ONO-1301–containing nanoparticles (ONO-1301NPs), unlike an ONO-1301 solution, selectively accumulated in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured myocardium of rats and contributed to the prolonged retention of ONO-1301 in the targeted myocardial tissue. In the ischemic area, proangiogenic cytokines were up-regulated and inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated upon ONO-1301NP administration. Consequently, ONO-1301NP–injected rats exhibited a smaller infarct size, better-preserved capillary networks, and a better-preserved myocardial blood flow at 24 h after I/R injury, compared with those in vehicle-injected or ONO-1301 solution–injected rats. ONO-1301NPs attenuate the myocardial I/R injury via proangiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of the drug.
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Key Words
- ANG, angiopoietin
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- I/R, ischemia/reperfusion
- IL, interleukin
- MBF, myocardial blood flow
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NP, nanoparticle
- ONO-1301
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PMNL, polymorphonuclear leukocyte
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ischemia/reperfusion injury
- nanoparticles
- prostacyclin
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satsuki Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iseoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akima Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayako Isohashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Genki Horitsugi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoko Shiozaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Ohkawara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoto Sakaniwa
- Department of Public Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Wendler S, Schlundt C, Bucher CH, Birkigt J, Schipp CJ, Volk HD, Duda GN, Schmidt-Bleek K. Immune Modulation to Enhance Bone Healing-A New Concept to Induce Bone Using Prostacyclin to Locally Modulate Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:713. [PMID: 31024548 PMCID: PMC6459956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Within an aging population, fracture incidences will rise and with the augmented risks of impaired healing the overall risk of delayed bone regeneration will substantially increase in elderly patients. Thus, new strategies to rescue fracture healing in the elderly are highly warranted. Modulating the initial inflammatory phase toward a reduced pro-inflammation launches new treatment options for delayed or impaired healing specifically in the elderly. Here, we evaluated the capacity of the prostacyclin analog Iloprost to modulate the inflammatory phase toward a pro-regenerative milieu using in vitro as well as in vivo model systems. In vitro, Iloprost administration led to a downregulation of potential unfavorable CD8+ cytotoxic T cells as well as their pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile. Furthermore, Iloprost increased the mineralization capacity of osteogenic induced mesenchymal stromal cells through both direct as well as indirect cues. In an in vivo approach, Iloprost, embedded in a biphasic fibrin scaffold, decreased the pro-inflammatory and simultaneously enhanced the anti-inflammatory phase thereby improving bone healing outcome. Overall, our presented data confirms a possible strategy to modulate the early inflammatory phase in aged individuals toward a physiological healing by a downregulation of an excessive pro-inflammation that otherwise would impair healing. Further confirmation in phase I/II trials, however, is needed to validate the concept in a broader clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wendler
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schlundt
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Birkigt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian J Schipp
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Rahman MS. Prostacyclin: A major prostaglandin in the regulation of adipose tissue development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3254-3262. [PMID: 30431153 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) belong to the group lipid mediators and can act as local hormones. They contain 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring, and are biosynthesized from membrane phospholipid derived arachidonic acid through the arachidonate cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway with the help of various terminal synthase enzymes. Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 ) is one of the major prostanoids produced with the help of prostacyclin synthase (prostaglandin I2 synthase) enzyme and rapidly hydrolyzed into 6-keto-PGF1α in biological fluids. Obesity indicates an excess of body adiposity, which is globally considered as one of the major health disasters responsible for developing complex pathological situations in the human body. Adipose tissues can produce various PGs, and thus, the level and the molecular activity of these endogenously synthesized PGs are considered critical for the development of obesity. In this regard, the involvement of prostacyclin in adipogenesis has been studied in the last few decades. The current review, along with the background of other related PGs, presents the several molecular aspects of endogenous prostaglandin I2 in adipose tissue development. Especially, the regulation of life cycle of adipocytes, impact on terminal differentiation, activity through prostacyclin receptor (IP), autocrine-paracrine manner, thermogenic adipose tissue remodeling and some future experimental aspects of prostacyclin have been focused upon in this study. This discussion might assist to develop new drug molecules acting on the signaling pathways of prostacyclin and devise therapeutic strategies for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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15
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Kang I, Lee BC, Choi SW, Lee JY, Kim JJ, Kim BE, Kim DH, Lee SE, Shin N, Seo Y, Kim HS, Kim DI, Kang KS. Donor-dependent variation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in response to hypoxic preconditioning and amelioration of limb ischemia. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-15. [PMID: 29674661 PMCID: PMC5938050 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-017-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapidly growing demand for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, numerous strategies using MSCs for different diseases have been studied and reported. Because of their immunosuppressive properties, MSCs are commonly used as an allogeneic treatment. However, for the many donors who could potentially be used, it is important to understand the capacity for therapeutic usage with donor-to-donor heterogeneity. In this study, we aimed to investigate MSCs as a promising therapeutic strategy for critical limb ischemia. We evaluated MSCs from two donors (#55 and #64) and analyzed the capacity for angiogenesis through in vivo and in vitro assays to compare the therapeutic effect between different donors. We emphasized the importance of intra-population heterogeneity of MSCs on therapeutic usage by evaluating the effects of hypoxia on activating cellular angiogenesis in MSCs. The precondition of hypoxia in MSCs is known to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Our study suggests that sensitivity to hypoxic conditions is different between cells originating from different donors, and this difference affects the contribution to angiogenesis. The bioinformatics analysis of different donors under hypoxic culture conditions identified intrinsic variability in gene expression patterns and suggests alternative potential genetic factors ANGPTL4, ADM, SLC2A3, and CDON as guaranteed general indicators for further stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insung Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Won Choi
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Seo
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Rain M, Chaudhary H, Kukreti R, Thinlas T, Mohammad G, Pasha Q. Elevated Vasodilatory Cyclases and Shorter Telomere Length Contribute to High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema. High Alt Med Biol 2018; 19:60-68. [PMID: 29443612 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2017.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rain, Manjari, Himanshi Chaudhary, Ritushree Kukreti, Tashi Thinlas, Ghulam Mohammad, and Qadar Pasha. Elevated vasodilatory cyclases and shorter telomere length contribute to high-altitude pulmonary edema. High Alt Med Biol. 19:60-68, 2018. AIM High-altitude (HA) genetics is complex with respect to health and disease (HA pulmonary edema i.e., HAPE). Based on the widely recognized fact that oxidative stress is a major trigger of several physiological processes, this study was designed to establish the significance of vasodilatory cyclases and telomere length in HA physiology. The study was performed in three groups, namely HAPE-free sojourners (HAPE-f, n = 150), HAPE patients (HAPE-p, n = 150), and healthy highland natives or highlanders (HLs, n = 150). Variations in soluble guanylyl cyclase β1-subunit (GUCY1B3) and adenylyl cyclase type 6 (ADCY6) were genotyped by the SNaPshot method and/or Fluidigm SNP type genotyping. Plasma GUCY1B3 and ADCY6 levels were estimated using ELISA, and relative telomere length was estimated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The rs7638AA genotype was over-represented in HLs compared with HAPE-f and HAPE-p (p = 0.035 and p = 0.012, respectively). Similarly, the rs7638A allele was prevalent in HLs compared with both groups, but significance was attained against HAPE-p (p = 0.012). Significantly elevated plasma levels of GUCY1B3 and ADCY6 were obtained in HAPE-p compared with HAPE-f (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) and HLs (p = 3.31E-05 and p = 0.05, respectively). Shorter telomere length was observed in HAPE-p compared with HAPE-f (p > 0.05) and HLs (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Elevated cyclases and shorter telomere length associate with HAPE pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Rain
- 1 CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi, India .,2 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ritushree Kukreti
- 1 CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi, India .,2 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi, India
| | - Tashi Thinlas
- 3 Department of Medicine, Sonam Norboo Memorial Hospital , Leh, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- 3 Department of Medicine, Sonam Norboo Memorial Hospital , Leh, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Qadar Pasha
- 1 CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi, India .,4 Indian Council of Medical Research , New Delhi, India
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17
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Ohkura M, Ohkura N, Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Ida-Yonemochi H, Ohshima H, Saito I, Okiji T. Orthodontic force application upregulated pain-associated prostaglandin-I 2/PGI 2-receptor/TRPV1 pathway-related gene expression in rat molars. Odontology 2017. [PMID: 28631175 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the mRNA expression and protein localization of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) synthase (PGIS), the PGI2 receptor (IP receptor) and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) in force-stimulated rat molars, toward the elucidation of the PGI2-IP receptor-TRPV1 pathway that is in operation in the pulp and possibly associated with orthodontic pain and inflammation. Experimental force was applied to the maxillary first and second molars by inserting an elastic band between them for 6-72 h. PGIS, PTGIR (the IP receptor gene), and TRPV1 mRNA levels in the coronal pulp were analyzed with real-time PCR. PGIS, IP receptor, and TRPV1 proteins were immunostained. The force stimulation induced significant upregulation of PGIS at 6-24 h, and PTGIR and TRPV1 at 6 and 12 h in the pulp. PGIS was immunolocalized in odontoblasts and some fibroblasts in the force-stimulated pulp. The IP receptor and TRPV1 immunoreactivities were detected on odontoblasts and some nerve fibers. It was concluded that PGIS, PTGIR, and TRPV1 in rat molar pulp were significantly upregulated shortly after the force application, and that the IP receptor was co-expressed on TRPV1-expressing nerves and odontoblasts. These findings suggest that the PGI2-IP receptor-TRPV1 pathway is associated with the acute phase of force-induced pulp changes involving odontoblasts and nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ohkura
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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18
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Decreased vasorelaxation induced by iloprost during acute inflammation in human internal mammary artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 804:31-37. [PMID: 28373136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction in human internal mammary arteries (IMA) under inflammatory conditions has been associated with attenuated norepinephrine (NE)-induced vasoconstriction. This effect was associated with increased prostaglandin (PG) E2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) releases. The present study was designed to assess the role of these PG and their receptors (EP and IP, respectively) on the vascular reactivity during acute inflammation. Isolated IMA were cultured in the absence (Control conditions) or presence (Inflammatory conditions) of both interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The vasorelaxation and the increased content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) induced by iloprost, a PGI2 analogue, were significantly reduced under inflammatory conditions and restored in preparations cultured with the IP antagonist (CAY10441). Decreased cAMP levels under inflammatory conditions are due to at least increased phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4B expression. On the other hand, PGE2, thromboxane analogues and EP agonists-induced vasoconstrictions were not affected under inflammatory conditions. No vasorelaxation was observed with PGD2, PGE2 or the EP2/4 agonists in pre-contracted IMA. Finally, using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, the COX-2, IP receptor and PGI2 synthase (PGIS) were detected. A significant increase of COX-2 and moderate increase of IP mRNA expression was observed under inflammatory conditions, whereas PGIS mRNA level was not affected. This study demonstrates that PGI2/IP receptor signalling and PGI2-induced relaxation are impaired in human IMA during acute inflammation, whereas the responses induced by other prostanoids are not affected. These results could explain some of the mechanisms of vascular dysfunction reported in inflammatory conditions.
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19
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HARA S. Prostaglandin terminal synthases as novel therapeutic targets. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:703-723. [PMID: 29129850 PMCID: PMC5743848 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects by reducing prostaglandin (PG) production via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). However, the gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular side effects associated with the pharmacological inhibition of the COX enzymes have focused renewed attention onto other potential targets for NSAIDs. PGH2, a COX metabolite, is converted to each PG species by species-specific PG terminal synthases. Because of their potential for more selective modulation of PG production, PG terminal synthases are now being investigated as a novel target for NSAIDs. In this review, I summarize the current understanding of PG terminal synthases, with a focus on microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and PGI synthase (PGIS). mPGES-1 and PGIS cooperatively exacerbate inflammatory reactions but have opposing effects on carcinogenesis. mPGES-1 and PGIS are expected to be attractive alternatives to COX as therapeutic targets for several diseases, including inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro HARA
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Wang X, Liu K, Li B, Li Y, Ye K, Qi J, Wang Y. Macrophages Aggravate Hypoxia-Induced Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury via Peroxynitrite: Protection by Tongxinluo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 22:39-47. [PMID: 27001368 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2016.1155565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activated macrophages contribute to endothelial dysfunction; however, it is unclear how peroxynitrite contributes to macrophage-mediated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (HCMEC) injury in hypoxia. In macrophage-HCMEC co-cultures subjected to hypoxia, there was an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, HIF-2α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE)-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and concomitant decrease in prostacyclin synthase (PGIS). This was mimicked by a peroxynitrite donor and attenuated by its decomposition catalyst. Tongxinluo (TXL) could decrease HIF-2α, iNOS, ECE-1 and COX-2 and increase PGIS in a dose-dependent manner, with increase of vascular endothelial growth factor. The protein alterations verified the remarkably affected mRNAs, indicating that the effects of TXL were similar to but better than that of peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. Furthermore, TXL inhibited macrophage-mediated nitrotyrosine accumulation and attenuated HCMEC injury. The results suggest that peroxynitrite contributes to macrophage-mediated HCMEC injury in hypoxia, and TXL attenuates HCMEC injury mainly by inhibiting peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Wang
- a Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- a Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- a Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Yanning Li
- b Department of Molecular Biology Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Kaiwei Ye
- a Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- a Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- b Department of Molecular Biology Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
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21
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Goldenberg NM, Kuebler WM. Endothelial cell regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, inflammation, and coagulation. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:531-59. [PMID: 25880504 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary endothelium represents a heterogeneous cell monolayer covering the luminal surface of the entire lung vasculature. As such, this cell layer lies at a critical interface between the blood, airways, and lung parenchyma, and must act as a selective barrier between these diverse compartments. Lung endothelial cells are able to produce and secrete mediators, display surface receptor, and cellular adhesion molecules, and metabolize circulating hormones to influence vasomotor tone, both local and systemic inflammation, and coagulation functions. In this review, we will explore the role of the pulmonary endothelium in each of these systems, highlighting key regulatory functions of the pulmonary endothelial cell, as well as novel aspects of the pulmonary endothelium in contrast to the systemic cell type. The interactions between pulmonary endothelial cells and both leukocytes and platelets will be discussed in detail, and wherever possible, elements of endothelial control over physiological and pathophysiological processes will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Goldenberg
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; German Heart Institute Berlin, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario,Canada
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22
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León X, Bothe C, García J, Parreño M, Alcolea S, Quer M, Vila L, Camacho M. Expression of IL-1α correlates with distant metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:37398-409. [PMID: 26460957 PMCID: PMC4741937 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of IL-1 in human cancers is associated with aggressive tumor biology but its prognostic value is unknown. We studied whether IL-1α expression is a prognostic marker of distant metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). IL-1α mRNA and protein levels were determined in tumor samples and cancer cell lines using RT-PCR and ELISA. The effects of constitutive IL-1α expression by tumor lines were characterized. IL-1α mRNA and protein secretion were higher in tumor samples from patients who later developed distant metastasis than in patients who did not. By using distant metastasis as a dependent variable, patients were classified into two categories of IL-1α transcript-levels. The high-IL-1α group had a significantly lower five-year distant metastasis-free survival than the low-IL-1α group [70.0% (CI 95%: 55.9-84.1%) vs 94.7% (CI 95%:90.2-99.2%)]. When IL-1α transcript-levels were combined with clinical factors related to tumor metastasis, the predictive power of the model increased significantly. Additionally, transcript levels of IL-1α correlated significantly with those of the IL-1 family genes and genes related to the metastatic process. IL-1 treatment of microvascular endothelial cells increased adhesion of HNSCC cells but no differences were found based on constitutive IL-1α expression by tumor cells. Nevertheless, IL-1α produced by tumor cells effectively increased their transmigration across the endothelium. We found a significant relationship between IL-1α expression and development of distant metastasis in HNSCC patients. IL-1α expression could help to define a subset of patients at high risk of distant metastasis who could benefit from adjuvant treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Disease-Free Survival
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Humans
- Interleukin-1alpha/genetics
- Interleukin-1alpha/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- Time Factors
- Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration
- Transfection
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier León
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Bothe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacinto García
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Parreño
- Laboratory of Translational Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Alcolea
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Vila
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Hu B, Guo Y, Garbacz WG, Jiang M, Xu M, Huang H, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Ramakrishnan SK, Shah YM, Lam KSL, Huang M, Xie W. Fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) is a hypoxia inducible gene that sensitizes mice to liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Hepatol 2015; 63:855-62. [PMID: 26070408 PMCID: PMC4867094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been known as a mediator of inflammatory response in the macrophages and adipose tissue, but its hepatic function is poorly understood. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of FABP4 in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), a clinical condition that involves both hypoxia and inflammation. METHODS To examine the I/R regulation of FABP4, mice were subjected to I/R surgery before being measured for FABP4 gene expression. Both loss-of-function (by using a pharmacological FABP4 inhibitor) and gain-of-function (by adenoviral overexpression of FABP4) were used to determine the functional relevance of FABP4 expression and its regulation during I/R. To determine the hypoxia responsive regulation of FABP4, primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to hypoxia. The FABP4 gene promoter was cloned and its regulation by hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was characterized by luciferase reporter gene, electrophoretic mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS We found that the hepatic expression of FABP4 was markedly induced by I/R. At the functional level, pharmacological inhibition of FABP4 alleviated the I/R injury, whereas adenoviral overexpression of FABP4 sensitized mice to I/R injury. We also showed that exposure of primary hepatocytes to hypoxia or transgenic overexpression of HIF-1α in the mouse liver was sufficient to induce the expression of FABP4. Our promoter analysis established FABP4 as a novel transcriptional target of HIF-1α. CONCLUSIONS FABP4 is a hypoxia inducible gene that sensitizes mice to liver I/R injury. FABP4 may represent a novel therapeutic target, and FABP4 inhibitors may be used as therapeutic agents to manage hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wojciech G Garbacz
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mengxi Jiang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Meishu Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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24
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Li YN, Wang XJ, Li B, Liu K, Qi JS, Liu BH, Tian Y. Tongxinluo inhibits cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, hypoxia-inducible factor-2α/vascular endothelial growth factor to antagonize injury in hypoxia-stimulated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:1114-20. [PMID: 25881609 PMCID: PMC4832955 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.155119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial dysfunction is considered as the initiating process and pathological basis of cardiovascular disease. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostacyclin synthase (PGIS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) are key enzymes with opposing actions in inflammation and oxidative stress, which are believed to be the major driver of endothelial dysfunction. And in hypoxia (Hx), Hx-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α are predominantly induced to activate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in abnormal proliferation. Whether and how Tongxinluo (TXL) modulates COX-2, PGIS, iNOS, eNOS, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and VEGF in Hx-stimulated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) have not been clarified. Methods: HCMEC were treated with CoCl2 to mimic Hx and the mRNA expressions of COX-2, PGIS, iNOS, eNOS, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and VEGF were first confirmed, and then their mRNA expression and protein content as well as the cell pathological alterations were evaluated for TXL treatment with different concentrations. In addition, the effector molecular of inflammation prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the oxidative marker nitrotyrosine (NT) was adopted to reflect HCMEC injury. Results: Hx could induce time-dependent increase of COX-2, iNOS, HIF-2α, and VEGF in HCMEC. Based on the Hx-induced increase, TXL could mainly decrease COX-2, iNOS, HIF-2α, and VEGF in a concentration-dependent manner, with limited effect on the increase of PGIS and eNOS. Their protein contents verified the mRNA expression changes, which was consistent with the cell morphological alterations. Furthermore, high dose TXL could inhibit the Hx-induced increase of PGE2 and NT contents, attenuating the inflammatory and oxidative injury. Conclusions: TXL could inhibit inflammation-related COX-2, oxidative stress-related iNOS, and HIF-2α/VEGF to antagonize Hx-induced HCMEC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jin-Sheng Qi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
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25
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Hypoxia-induced force increase (HIFI) is a novel mechanism underlying the strengthening of labor contractions, produced by hypoxic stresses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26195731 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503497112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For successful birth, contractions need to become progressively stronger. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, however. We have found that a novel mechanism, hypoxia-induced force increase (HIFI), is switched on selectively, at term, and is essential to strengthening contractions. HIFI is initiated as contractions cyclically reduce blood flow and produce repeated hypoxic stresses, with associated metabolic and transcriptomic changes. The increases in contractility are a long-lasting, oxytocin-independent, intrinsic mechanism present only in the full-term pregnant uterus. HIFI is inhibited by adenosine receptor antagonism and blockade of cyclooxygenase-2 signaling, and partially reproduced by brief episodes of acidic (but not alkalotic) pH. HIFI explains how labor can progress despite paradoxical metabolic challenge, and provides a new mechanistic target for the 1 in 10 women suffering dysfunctional labor because of poor contractions.
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26
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Rehal S, von der Weid PY. Experimental ileitis alters prostaglandin biosynthesis in mesenteric lymphatic and blood vessels. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 116-117:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Koltsova SV, Shilov B, Birulina JG, Akimova OA, Haloui M, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Tremblay J, Hamet P, Orlov SN. Transcriptomic changes triggered by hypoxia: evidence for HIF-1α-independent, [Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated, excitation-transcription coupling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110597. [PMID: 25375852 PMCID: PMC4222758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the relative impact of canonical hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha- (HIF-1α and Na+i/K+i-mediated signaling on transcriptomic changes evoked by hypoxia and glucose deprivation. Incubation of RASMC in ischemic conditions resulted in ∼3-fold elevation of [Na+]i and 2-fold reduction of [K+]i. Using global gene expression profiling we found that Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition by ouabain or K+-free medium in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMC) led to the differential expression of dozens of genes whose altered expression was previously detected in cells subjected to hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion. For further investigations, we selected Cyp1a1, Fos, Atf3, Klf10, Ptgs2, Nr4a1, Per2 and Hes1, i.e. genes possessing the highest increments of expression under sustained Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition and whose implication in the pathogenesis of hypoxia was proved in previous studies. In ouabain-treated RASMC, low-Na+, high-K+ medium abolished amplification of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio as well as the increased expression of all tested genes. In cells subjected to hypoxia and glucose deprivation, dissipation of the transmembrane gradient of Na+ and K+ completely eliminated increment of Fos, Atf3, Ptgs2 and Per2 mRNAs and sharply diminished augmentation expression of Klf10, Edn1, Nr4a1 and Hes1. In contrast to low-Na+, high-K+ medium, RASMC transfection with Hif-1a siRNA attenuated increments of Vegfa, Edn1, Klf10 and Nr4a1 mRNAs triggered by hypoxia but did not impact Fos, Atf3, Ptgs2 and Per2 expression. Thus, our investigation demonstrates, for the first time, that Na+i/K+i-mediated, Hif-1α- -independent excitation-transcription coupling contributes to transcriptomic changes evoked in RASMC by hypoxia and glucose deprivation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Ouabain/pharmacology
- Rats
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Koltsova
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris Shilov
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia G. Birulina
- Department of Medical Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Akimova
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mounsif Haloui
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonid V. Kapilevich
- Department of Medical Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Physical Education, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Johanne Tremblay
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medical Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Gobbetti T, Le Faouder P, Bertrand J, Dubourdeau M, Barocelli E, Cenac N, Vergnolle N. Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism signature in ischemia differs from reperfusion in mouse intestine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75581. [PMID: 24073272 PMCID: PMC3779198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites are bioactive autoacoids that play an important role in the pathogenesis of a vast number of pathologies, including gut diseases. The induction and the resolution of inflammation depend on PUFA metabolic pathways that are favored. Therefore, understanding the profile of n-6 (eicosanoids)/n-3 (docosanoids) PUFA-derived metabolites appear to be as important as gene or protein array approaches, to uncover the molecules potentially implicated in inflammatory diseases. Using high sensitivity liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we characterized the tissue profile of PUFA metabolites in an experimental model of murine intestinal ischemia reperfusion. We identified temporal and quantitative differences in PUFA metabolite production, which correlated with inflammatory damage. Analysis revealed that early ischemia induces both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory eicosanoid production. Primarily, LOX- (5/15/12/8-HETE, LTB4, LxA4) and CYP- (5, 6-EET) metabolites were produced upon ischemia, but also PGE3, and PDx. This suggests that different lipids simultaneously play a role in the induction and counterbalance of ischemic inflammatory response from its onset. COX-derived metabolites were more present from 2 to 5 hours after reperfusion, fitting with the concomitant inflammatory peaks. All metabolites were decreased 48 hours post-reperfusion except for to the pro-resolving RvE precursor 18-HEPE and the PPAR-γαμμα agonist, 15d-PGJ2. Data obtained through the pharmacological blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid-4, which can be activated by 5, 6-EET, revealed that the endogenous activation of this receptor modulates post-ischemic intestinal inflammation. Altogether, these results demonstrate that different lipid pathways are involved in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion processes. Some metabolites, which expression is severely changed upon intestinal ischemia-reperfusion could provide novel targets and may facilitate the development of new pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbetti
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
- Lipidomic Core Facility, Metatoul Platform, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand
- Lipidomic Core Facility, Metatoul Platform, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Cenac
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
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29
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WANG JIA, IKEDA RYUJI, CHE XIAOFANG, OOYAMA AKIO, YAMAMOTO MASATATSU, FURUKAWA TATSUHIKO, HASUI KAZUHISA, ZHENG CHUNLEI, TAJITSU YUSUKE, OKA TOSHINORI, TABATA SHO, NISHIZAWA YUKIHIKO, EIZURU YOSHITO, AKIYAMA SHINICHI. VEGF expression is augmented by hypoxia-induced PGIS in human fibroblasts. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:746-54. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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30
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Gillberg L, Varsanyi M, Sjöström M, Lördal M, Lindholm J, Hellström PM. Nitric oxide pathway-related gene alterations in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:1283-97. [PMID: 22900953 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.706830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal specific gene activation in nitric oxide (NO)-related inflammation we studied differential gene expression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Total RNA was isolated from 20 biopsies of inflamed mucosa from Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients each as well as from six controls, labeled with (32)P-dCTP and hybridized to a human NO gene array. Significant genes were analyzed for functional gene interactions and heatmaps generated by hierarchical clustering. A selection of differentially expressed genes was further evaluated with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Significant gene expression differences were found for 19 genes in CD and 23 genes in UC compared to controls, both diseases with high expression of ICAM1 and IL-8. Correlation between microarray expression and corresponding protein expression was significant (r = 0.47, p = 0.002). Clustering analysis together with functional gene interaction analysis revealed clusters of coregulation and coexpression in CD and UC: transcripts involved in angiogenesis, inflammatory response mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and tissue fibrosis. Also, a fourth cluster with transcripts regulated by the transcription factor Sp1 was found in UC. CONCLUSIONS Expression analysis in CD and UC revealed disease-specific regulation of NO-related genes, which might be involved in perpetuating inflammatory disease activity in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gillberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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PGI2 as a regulator of inflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:926968. [PMID: 22851816 PMCID: PMC3407649 DOI: 10.1155/2012/926968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin, or PGI2, is an end product derived from the sequential metabolism of arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase and PGI synthase (PGIS). The receptor for PGI2, IP, can be found on a variety of cell types and signaling through this receptor exhibits broad physiological effects. Historically, PGI2 has been understood to play a role in cardiovascular health, specifically having powerful vasodilatory effects via relaxation of smooth muscle and inhibiting of platelet aggregation. For these reasons, PGI2 has a long history of use for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Only recently, its importance as an immunomodulatory agent has been investigated. PGI2 regulates both the innate and adaptive immune systems and its effects are, for the most part, thought to be anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive in nature, which may have implications for its further clinical use.
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Epigenetic deregulation of the COX pathway in cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:301-13. [PMID: 22580191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major cause of cancer and may condition its progression. The deregulation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway is implicated in several pathophysiological processes, including inflammation and cancer. Although, its targeting with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and COX-2 selective inhibitors has been investigated for years with promising results at both preventive and therapeutic levels, undesirable side effects and the limited understanding of the regulation and functionalities of the COX pathway compromise a more extensive application of these drugs. Epigenetics is bringing additional levels of complexity to the understanding of basic biological and pathological processes. The deregulation of signaling and biosynthetic pathways by epigenetic mechanisms may account for new molecular targets in cancer therapeutics. Genes of the COX pathway are seldom mutated in neoplastic cells, but a large proportion of them show aberrant expression in different types of cancer. A growing body of evidence indicates that epigenetic alterations play a critical role in the deregulation of the genes of the COX pathway. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of epigenetic processes to the deregulation of the COX pathway in cancer, getting insights into how these alterations may be relevant for the clinical management of patients.
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Robador PA, San José G, Rodríguez C, Guadall A, Moreno MU, Beaumont J, Fortuño A, Díez J, Martínez-González J, Zalba G. HIF-1-mediated up-regulation of cardiotrophin-1 is involved in the survival response of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:247-55. [PMID: 21771897 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a cytokine of the interleukin-6 superfamily which is up-regulated in cardiac diseases, in part via hypoxia-dependent mechanisms. However, no evidence for a direct regulation of CT-1 gene (CTF1) promoter by hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has been provided. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypoxia increased CT-1 mRNA levels in the murine adult cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 in a time-dependent manner. Interestingly, in a murine model (C57BL/6), we show that systemic hypoxia also significantly up-regulated CT-1 in myocardial tissue. The effect of hypoxia on CT-1 expression was mediated through a transcriptional mechanism, since hypoxia increased luciferase activity of constructs containing CTF1 promoter sequences. The increase in CT-1 levels was significantly reduced by drugs that prevent calcium mobilization, such as lercanidipine, or that inhibit the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway (wortmannin) or mammalian target of rapamycin (rapamycin). The CT-1 elevation was similarly induced by HIF-1α over-expression in co-transfection experiments and prevented by HIF-1α silencing. The direct interaction of HIF-1α with the CTF1 promoter was confirmed through site-directed mutagenesis of hypoxia response elements, electrophoreric mobility shift, and ChIP assays. Hypoxia induced HL-1 apoptosis (measured as annexin-V binding or caspase 3/7 activity) which was increased when CT-1 was silenced in knocked-down cells by lentiviral vectors. CONCLUSION Hypoxia increased CT-1 levels in cardiac cells (in vitro and in vivo) through a direct regulation of CTF1 promoter by HIF-1α. This CT-1 activation by hypoxia may protect cells from apoptosis, thus supporting a protective role for CT-1 as a survival factor for cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Robador
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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