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Hu Y, Setayesh T, Vaziri F, Wu X, Hwang ST, Chen X, Yvonne Wan YJ. miR-22 gene therapy treats HCC by promoting anti-tumor immunity and enhancing metabolism. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1829-1845. [PMID: 37143325 PMCID: PMC10277895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-22 (miR-22) can be induced by beneficial metabolites that have metabolic and immune effects, including retinoic acids, bile acids, vitamin D3, and short-chain fatty acids. The tumor suppressor effects of miR-22 have been suggested, but whether miR-22 treats orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not established. The role of miR-22 in regulating tumor immunity is also poorly understood. Our data showed that miR-22 delivered by adeno-associated virus serotype 8 effectively treated HCC. Compared with FDA-approved lenvatinib, miR-22 produced better survival outcomes without noticeable toxicity. miR-22 silenced hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1α) and enhanced retinoic acid signaling in both hepatocytes and T cells. Moreover, miR-22 treatment improved metabolism and reduced inflammation. In the liver, miR-22 reduced the abundance of IL17-producing T cells and inhibited IL17 signaling by reducing the occupancy of HIF1α in the Rorc and Il17a genes. Conversely, increasing IL17 signaling ameliorated the anti-HCC effect of miR-22. Additionally, miR-22 expanded cytotoxic T cells and reduced regulatory T cells (Treg). Moreover, depleting cytotoxic T cells also abolished the anti-HCC effects of miR-22. In patients, miR-22 high HCC had upregulated metabolic pathways and reduced IL17 pro-inflammatory signaling compared with miR-22 low HCC. Together, miR-22 gene therapy can be a novel option for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Samuel T Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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2
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Vesuna F, Penet MF, Mori N, Bhujwalla ZM, Raman V. Twist alters the breast tumor microenvironment via choline kinase to facilitate an aggressive phenotype. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:939-948. [PMID: 36136285 PMCID: PMC11299248 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Twist (TWIST1) is a gene required for cell fate specification in embryos and its expression in mammary epithelium can initiate tumorigenesis through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. To identify downstream target genes of Twist in breast cancer, we performed microarray analysis on the transgenic breast cancer cell line, MCF-7/Twist. One of the targets identified was choline kinase whose upregulation resulted in increased cellular phosphocholine and total choline containing compounds-a characteristic observed in highly aggressive metastatic cancers. To study the interactions between Twist, choline kinase, and their effect on the microenvironment, we used 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and found significantly higher phosphocholine and total choline, as well as increased phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine ratio in MCF-7/Twist cells. We also observed significant increases in extracellular glucose, lactate, and [H +] ion concentrations in the MCF-7/Twist cells. Magnetic resonance imaging of MCF-7/Twist orthotopic breast tumors showed a significant increase in vascular volume and permeability surface area product compared to control tumors. In addition, by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we discovered that Twist upregulated choline kinase expression in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cell lines through FOXA1 downregulation. Moreover, using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we observed a significant inverse relationship between FOXA1 and choline kinase expression and propose that it could act as a modulator of the Twist/choline kinase axis. The data presented indicate that Twist is a driver of choline kinase expression in breast cancer cells via FOXA1 resulting in the generation of an aggressive breast cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vesuna
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noriko Mori
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Venu Raman
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Bhaduri S, Kelly CL, Lesbats C, Sharkey J, Ressel L, Mukherjee S, Platt MD, Delikatny EJ, Poptani H. Metabolic changes in glioblastomas in response to choline kinase inhibition: In vivo MRS in rodent models. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4855. [PMID: 36269130 PMCID: PMC10078495 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in glioblastoma (GBM) metabolism was investigated in response to JAS239, a choline kinase inhibitor, using MRS. In addition to the inhibition of phosphocholine synthesis, we investigated changes in other key metabolic pathways associated with GBM progression and treatment response. Three syngeneic rodent models of GBM were used: F98 (N = 12) and 9L (N = 8) models in rats and GL261 (N = 10) in mice. Rodents were intracranially injected with GBM cells in the right cortex and tumor growth was monitored using T2 -weighted images. Animals were treated once daily with intraperitoneal injections of 4 mg/kg JAS239 (F98 rats, n = 6; 9L rats, n = 6; GL261 mice, n = 5) or saline (control group, F98 rats, n = 6; 9L rats, n = 2; GL261 mice, n = 5) for five consecutive days. Single voxel spectra were acquired on Days 0 (T0, baseline) and 6 (T6, end of treatment) from the tumor as well as the contralateral normal brain using a PRESS sequence. Changes in metabolite ratios (tCho/tCr, tCho/NAA, mI/tCr, Glx/tCr and (Lip + Lac)/Cr) were used to assess metabolic pathway alterations in response to JAS239. Tumor growth arrest was noted in all models in response to JAS239 treatment compared with saline-treated animals, with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the F98 model. A reduction in tCho/tCr was observed with JAS239 treatment in all GBM models, indicating reduced phospholipid metabolism, with the highest reduction in 9L followed by GL261 and F98 tumors. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the tCho/NAA ratio was observed in the 9L model. A significant reduction in mI/tCr (p < 0.05) was found in JAS239-treated F98 tumors compared with the saline-treated animals. A non-significant trend of reduction in Glx/tCr was observed only in F98 and 9L tumors. JAS239-treated F98 tumors also showed a significant increase in Lip + Lac (p < 0.05), indicating increased cell death. This study demonstrated the utility of MRS in assessing metabolic changes in GBM in response to choline kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhaduri
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Claire Louise Kelly
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Clémentine Lesbats
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and PathologyUniversity of LiverpoolChesterUK
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Mark David Platt
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Edward J. Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Nakamura E, Maekawa K, Saito Y, Matsumoto T, Ogawa M, Komohara Y, Asada Y, Yamashita A. Altered choline level in atherosclerotic lesions: Upregulation of choline transporter-like protein 1 in human coronary unstable plaque. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281730. [PMID: 36800352 PMCID: PMC9937458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory activity and hypoxia in atherosclerotic plaques are associated with plaque instability and thrombotic complications. Recent studies show that vascular cell metabolism affects atherogenesis and thrombogenicity. This study aimed to identify the metabolites in macrophage-rich unstable plaques that modulate atherogenesis and serve as potential markers of plaque instability. Atherosclerotic plaques were induced by balloon injury in the iliofemoral arteries of rabbits fed on a conventional or 0.5% cholesterol diet. At 3 months post-balloon injury, the arteries and cardiac tissues were subjected to histological, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and metabolomic analyses. The identified metabolite-related proteins were immunohistochemically analyzed in stable and unstable plaques from human coronary arteries. The factors modulating the identified metabolites were examined in macrophages derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that choline and guanine levels in macrophage-rich arteries were upregulated compared with those in non-injured arteries and cardiac tissues. Vascular choline levels, but not guanine levels, were positively correlated with the areas immunopositive for macrophages and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 mRNA levels in injured arteries. In human coronary arteries, choline transporter-like protein (CTL) 1 was mainly localized to macrophages within plaques. The area that was immunopositive for CTL1 in unstable plaques was significantly higher than that in stable plaques. Intracellular choline levels were upregulated upon stimulation with TNF-α but were downregulated under hypoxia in cultured macrophages. Administration of choline upregulated the expression of TNF-α and CTL1 mRNA in cultured macrophages. The transfection of CTL1 small interfering RNA decreased CTL1, TNF-α, and MMP9 mRNA levels in cultured macrophages. These results suggest that choline metabolism is altered in macrophage-rich atherosclerotic lesions and unstable plaques. Thus, CTL1 may be potential markers of plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazunari Maekawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Saito
- Bioengineering Lab, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- Center for Collaborative Research and Community Cooperation, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Miyazaki Medical Association Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Omics Analysis of Chemoresistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Novel Metabolic Vulnerabilities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172719. [PMID: 36078127 PMCID: PMC9454761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance in cancer poses the greatest hurdle for successful therapeutic results and is associated with most cancer deaths. In triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), due to the lack of specific therapeutic targets, systemic chemotherapy is at the forefront of treatments, but it only benefits a fraction of patients because of the development of resistance. Cancer cells may possess an innate resistance to chemotherapeutic agents or develop new mechanisms of acquired resistance after long-term drug exposure. Such mechanisms involve an interplay between genetic, epigenetic and metabolic alterations that enable cancer cells to evade therapy. In this work, we generated and characterized a chemoresistant TNBC cell line to be used for the investigation of mechanisms that drive resistance to paclitaxel. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted the important role of metabolic-associated pathways in the resistant cells, prompting us to employ 1H-NMR to explore the metabolome and lipidome of these cells. We identified and described herein numerous metabolites and lipids that were significantly altered in the resistant cells. Integrated analysis of our omics data revealed MSMO1, an intermediate enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, as a novel mediator of chemoresistance in TNBC. Overall, our data provide a critical insight into the metabolic adaptations that accompany acquired resistance in TNBC and pinpoint potential new targets.
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6
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Cai L, Ying M, Wu H. Microenvironmental Factors Modulating Tumor Lipid Metabolism: Paving the Way to Better Antitumoral Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:777273. [PMID: 34888248 PMCID: PMC8649922 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.777273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer and is driven by both the oncogenic mutations and challenging microenvironment. To satisfy the demands of energy and biomass for rapid proliferation, the metabolism of various nutrients in tumor cells undergoes important changes, among which the aberrant lipid metabolism has gained increasing attention in facilitating tumor development and metastasis in the past few years. Obstacles emerged in the aspect of application of targeting lipid metabolism for tumor therapy, due to lacking of comprehensive understanding on its regulating mechanism. Tumor cells closely interact with stromal niche, which highly contributes to metabolic rewiring of critical nutrients in cancer cells. This fact makes the impact of microenvironment on tumor lipid metabolism a topic of renewed interest. Abundant evidence has shown that many factors existing in the tumor microenvironment can rewire multiple signaling pathways and proteins involved in lipid metabolic pathways of cancer cells. Hence in this review, we summarized the recent progress on the understanding of microenvironmental factors regulating tumor lipid metabolism, and discuss the potential of modulating lipid metabolism as an anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Cai
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minfeng Ying
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Knitsch R, AlWahsh M, Raschke H, Lambert J, Hergenröder R. In Vitro Spatio-Temporal NMR Metabolomics of Living 3D Cell Models. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13485-13494. [PMID: 34478621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell cultures are of growing importance in biochemical research as they represent tissue features more accurately than standard two-dimensional systems, but to investigate these challenging new models an adaptation of established analytical techniques is required. Spatially resolved data for living organoids are needed to gain insight into transport processes and biochemical characteristics of domains with different nutrient supply and waste product removal. Within this work, we present an NMR-based approach to obtain dynamically radial metabolite profiles for cell spheroids, one of the most frequently used 3D models. Our approach combines an easy to reproduce custom-made measurement design, maintaining physiological conditions without inhibition of the NMR experiment, with spatially selective NMR pulse sequences. To overcome the inherently low sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy we excited slices instead of smaller cube-like voxels in combination with an efficient interleaved measurement approach and employed a commercially available cryogenic NMR probe. Finally, radial metabolite profiles could be obtained via double Abel inversion of the measured one-dimensional intensity profiles. Applying this method to Ty82 cancer cell spheroids demonstrates the achieved spatial resolution, for instance confirming exceedingly high lactic acid and strongly decreased glucose concentrations in the oxygen-depleted core of the spheroid. Furthermore, our approach can be employed to investigate fast and slow metabolic changes in single spheroids simultaneously, which is shown as an example of a spheroid degrading over several days after stopping the nutrient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Knitsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad AlWahsh
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Medical Research Center (ZMF), University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hannes Raschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Lambert
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Hergenröder
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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9
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Li Y, Inglese M, Dubash S, Barnes C, Brickute D, Braga MC, Wang N, Beckley A, Heinzmann K, Allott L, Lu H, Chen C, Fu R, Carroll L, Aboagye EO. Consideration of Metabolite Efflux in Radiolabelled Choline Kinetics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1246. [PMID: 34452207 PMCID: PMC8400349 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a complex microenvironmental condition known to regulate choline kinase α (CHKA) activity and choline transport through transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and, therefore, may confound the uptake of choline radiotracer [18F]fluoromethyl-[1,2-2H4]-choline ([18F]-D4-FCH). The aim of this study was to investigate how hypoxia affects the choline radiotracer dynamics. Three underlying mechanisms by which hypoxia could potentially alter the uptake of the choline radiotracer, [18F]-D4-FCH, were investigated: 18F-D4-FCH import, CHKA phosphorylation activity, and the efflux of [18F]-D4-FCH and its phosphorylated product [18F]-D4-FCHP. The effects of hypoxia on [18F]-D4-FCH uptake were studied in CHKA-overexpressing cell lines of prostate cancer, PC-3, and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The mechanisms of radiotracer efflux were assessed by the cell uptake and immunofluorescence in vitro and examined in vivo (n = 24). The mathematical modelling methodology was further developed to verify the efflux hypothesis using [18F]-D4-FCH dynamic PET scans from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n = 17). We report a novel finding involving the export of phosphorylated [18F]-D4-FCH and [18F]-D4-FCHP via HIF-1α-responsive efflux transporters, including ABCB4, when the HIF-1α level is augmented. This is supported by a graphical analysis of human data with a compartmental model (M2T6k + k5) that accounts for the efflux. Hypoxia/HIF-1α increases the efflux of phosphorylated radiolabelled choline species, thus supporting the consideration of efflux in the modelling of radiotracer dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Li
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Marianna Inglese
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Suraiya Dubash
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Chris Barnes
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Diana Brickute
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Marta Costa Braga
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Alice Beckley
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Kathrin Heinzmann
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Louis Allott
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Haonan Lu
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Cen Chen
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Ruisi Fu
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (Y.L.); (M.I.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (M.C.B.); (N.W.); (A.B.); (K.H.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (C.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.)
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10
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ChoK-Full of Potential: Choline Kinase in B Cell and T Cell Malignancies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060911. [PMID: 34202989 PMCID: PMC8234087 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant choline metabolism, characterized by an increase in total choline-containing compounds, phosphocholine and phosphatidylcholine (PC), is a metabolic hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. This aberration arises from alterations in metabolic enzymes that control PC biosynthesis and catabolism. Among these enzymes, choline kinase α (CHKα) exhibits the most frequent alterations and is commonly overexpressed in human cancers. CHKα catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to generate phosphocholine, the first step in de novo PC biosynthesis. CHKα overexpression is associated with the malignant phenotype, metastatic capability and drug resistance in human cancers, and thus has been recognized as a robust biomarker and therapeutic target of cancer. Of clinical importance, increased choline metabolism and CHKα activity can be detected by non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with radiolabeled choline analogs for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cancer patients. Both choline-based MRS and PET/CT imaging have also been clinically applied for lymphoid malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma and central nervous system lymphoma. However, information on how choline kinase is dysregulated in lymphoid malignancies is very limited and has just begun to be unraveled. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of choline kinase in B cell and T cell malignancies with the goal of promoting future investigation in this area.
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Mohamed Sa’dom SAF, Raikundalia S, Shamsuddin S, See Too WC, Few LL. DNA Methylation of Human Choline Kinase Alpha Promoter-Associated CpG Islands in MCF-7 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060853. [PMID: 34205960 PMCID: PMC8229565 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase (CK) is the enzyme catalyzing the first reaction in CDP-choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. Higher expression of the α isozyme of CK has been implicated in carcinogenesis, and inhibition or downregulation of CKα (CHKA) is a promising anticancer approach. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of CKα expression by DNA methylation of the CpG islands found on the promoter of this gene in MCF-7 cells. Four CpG islands have been predicted in the 2000 bp promoter region of ckα (chka) gene. Six CpG island deletion mutants were constructed using PCR site-directed mutagenesis method and cloned into pGL4.10 vectors for promoter activity assays. Deletion of CpG4C region located between -225 and -56 significantly increased the promoter activity by 4-fold, indicating the presence of important repressive transcription factor binding site. The promoter activity of methylated full-length promoter was significantly lower than the methylated CpG4C deletion mutant by 16-fold. The results show that DNA methylation of CpG4C promotes the binding of the transcription factor that suppresses the promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis showed that cytosine methylation at MZF1 binding site in CpG4C increased the binding of putative MZF1 in nuclear extract. In conclusion, the results suggest that DNA methylation decreased the promoter activity by promoting the binding of putative MZF1 transcription factor at CpG4C region of the ckα gene promoter.
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12
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Lacal JC, Zimmerman T, Campos JM. Choline Kinase: An Unexpected Journey for a Precision Medicine Strategy in Human Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:788. [PMID: 34070409 PMCID: PMC8226952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase (ChoK) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to form phosphorylcholine (PCho) in the presence of ATP and magnesium. ChoK is required for the synthesis of key membrane phospholipids and is involved in malignant transformation in a large variety of human tumours. Active compounds against ChoK have been identified and proposed as antitumor agents. The ChoK inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of symmetrical bispyridinium and bisquinolinium compounds have been defined using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and structural parameters. The design strategy followed in the development of the most active molecules is presented. The selective anticancer activity of these structures is also described. One promising anticancer compound has even entered clinical trials. Recently, ChoKα inhibitors have also been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach against parasites, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory processes, and pathogenic bacteria. The evidence for ChoKα as a novel drug target for approaches in precision medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Lacal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz, IDIPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tahl Zimmerman
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/Campus de Cartuja, s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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13
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Gómez M, Campusano S, Gutiérrez MS, Sepúlveda D, Barahona S, Baeza M, Cifuentes V, Alcaíno J. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein Sre1 regulates carotenogenesis in the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1658-1674. [PMID: 32933952 PMCID: PMC7707178 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is a basidiomycete yeast that produces carotenoids, mainly astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is an organic pigment of commercial interest due to its antioxidant and coloring properties. X. dendrorhous has a functional SREBP pathway, and the Sre1 protein is the SREBP homolog in this yeast. However, how sterol regulatory element (Sre)1 promotes the biosynthesis of sterols and carotenoids in X. dendrorhous is unknown. In this work, comparative RNA-sequencing analysis between modified X. dendrorhous strains that have an active Sre1 protein and the WT was performed to identify Sre1-dependent genes. In addition, Sre1 direct target genes were identified through ChIP combined with lambda exonuclease digestion (ChIP-exo) assays. SRE motifs were detected in the promoter regions of several Sre1 direct target genes and were consistent with the SREs described in other yeast species. Sre1 directly regulates genes related to ergosterol biosynthesis as well as genes related to the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, which synthesizes the building blocks of isoprenoids, including carotenoids. Two carotenogenic genes, crtE and crtR, were also identified as Sre1 direct target genes. Thus, carotenogenesis in X. dendrorhous is regulated by Sre1 through the regulation of the MVA pathway and the regulation of the crtE and crtR genes. As the crtR gene encodes a cytochrome P450 reductase, Sre1 regulates pathways that include cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as the biosynthesis of carotenoids and sterols. These results demonstrate that Sre1 is a sterol master regulator that is conserved in X. dendrorhous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Campusano
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dionisia Sepúlveda
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Salvador Barahona
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Alcaíno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by hypoxia inducible factor 1 in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during hypoxia and reoxygenation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 235:56-65. [PMID: 31100464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a frequent source of stress in the estuarine habitat of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. During hypoxia, L. vannamei gill cells rely more heavily on anaerobic glycolysis to obtain ATP. This is mediated by transcriptional up-regulation of glycolytic enzymes including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is an important transcriptional activator of several glycolytic enzymes during hypoxia in diverse animals, including crustaceans. In this work, we cloned and sequenced a fragment corresponding to the 5' flank of the GAPDH gene and identified a putative HIF-1 binding site, as well as sites for other transcription factors involved in the hypoxia signaling pathway. To investigate the role of HIF-1 in GAPDH regulation, we simultaneously injected double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into shrimp to silence HIF-1α and HIF-1β under normoxia, hypoxia, and hypoxia followed by reoxygenation, and then measured gill HIF-1α, HIF-1β expression, GAPDH expression and activity, and glucose and lactate concentrations at 0, 3, 24 and 48 h. During normoxia, HIF-1 silencing induced up-regulation of GAPDH transcripts and activity, suggesting that expression is down-regulated via HIF-1 under these conditions. In contrast, HIF-1 silencing during hypoxia abolished the increases in GAPDH expression and activity, glucose and lactate concentrations. Finally, HIF-1 silencing during hypoxia-reoxygenation prevented the increase in GAPDH expression, however, those changes were not reflected in GAPDH activity and lactate accumulation. Altogether, these results indicate that GAPDH and glycolysis are transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1 in gills of white shrimp.
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Wang BL, Zhang CW, Wang L, Tang KL, Tanaka N, Gonzalez FJ, Xu Y, Fang ZZ. Lipidomics reveal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)-regulated lipid metabolic pathway in alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:591-601. [PMID: 29737914 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1467065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS)-based lipidomics was employed to elucidate new mechanism of alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in mice. 2. Multiple lipid components significantly increased in ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, including PC 16:0, 20:4, PC 16:0, 22:6, PC 16:0, 18:2, LPC 18:2, PC 18:2, LPC 18:1, PC 18:1, 14:0, SM 18:1, 16:0, oleoylcarnitine and palmitoylcarnitine. This alteration of lipid profile was induced by the changed expression of genes choline kinase (Chk) a, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (SMPD) and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1). 3. Knockout of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) in mice can significantly reverse ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, as indicated by lowered ALT, AST and ALP activity, and liver histology. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout significantly reversed ANIT-induced lipid metabolism alteration through regulating the expression of Chka. 4. In conclusion, this study demonstrated ANIT-induced lipid metabolism disruption might be the potential pathogenesis of ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Long Wang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin , China.,b Department of Urology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Chang-Wen Zhang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin , China
| | - Liang Wang
- b Department of Urology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Kun-Long Tang
- b Department of Urology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- c Laboratory of Metabolism , Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,d Department of Metabolic Regulation , Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- c Laboratory of Metabolism , Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Yong Xu
- a Department of Urology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- c Laboratory of Metabolism , Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,e Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,f Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM) , Jinzhou , China.,g Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
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16
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Viswanath P, Radoul M, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Luchman HA, Gregory Cairncross J, Pieper RO, Phillips JJ, Ronen SM. Mutant IDH1 gliomas downregulate phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine synthesis in a 2-hydroxyglutarate-dependent manner. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:3. [PMID: 29619216 PMCID: PMC5881177 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have identified elevated levels of the phospholipid precursor phosphocholine (PC) and phosphoethanolamine (PE) as metabolic hallmarks of cancer. Unusually, however, PC and PE levels are reduced in mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDHmut) gliomas that produce the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) relative to wild-type IDH1 (IDHwt) gliomas. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism underlying this unusual metabolic reprogramming in IDHmut gliomas. METHODS Steady-state PC and PE were quantified using 31P-MRS. To quantify de novo PC and PE synthesis, we used 13C-MRS and measured flux to 13C-PC and 13C-PE in cells incubated with [1,2-13C]-choline and [1,2-13C]-ethanolamine. The activities of choline kinase (CK) and ethanolamine kinase (EK), the enzymes responsible for PC and PE synthesis, were quantified using 31P-MR-based assays. To interrogate the role of 2-HG, we examined IDHwt cells incubated with 2-HG and, conversely, IDHmut cells treated with the IDHmut inhibitor AGI-5198. To examine the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), we silenced HIF-1α using RNA interference. To confirm our findings in vivo and in the clinic, we studied IDHwt and IDHmut orthotopic tumor xenografts and glioma patient biopsies. RESULTS De novo synthesis of PC and PE was reduced in IDHmut cells relative to IDHwt. Concomitantly, CK activity and EK activity were reduced in IDHmut cells. Pharmacological manipulation of 2-HG levels established that 2-HG was responsible for reduced CK activity, EK activity, PC and PE. 2-HG has previously been reported to stabilize levels of HIF-1α, a known regulator of CK activity. Silencing HIF-1α in IDHmut cells restored CK activity, EK activity, PC and PE to IDHwt levels. Our findings were recapitulated in IDHmut orthotopic tumor xenografts and, most importantly, in IDHmut patient biopsies, validating our findings in vivo and in the clinic. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies, to our knowledge for the first time, a direct role for 2-HG in the downregulation of CK and EK activity, and thereby, PC and PE synthesis in IDHmut gliomas. These results highlight the unusual reprogramming of phospholipid metabolism in IDHmut gliomas and have implications for the identification of MRS-detectable metabolic biomarkers associated with 2-HG status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Box 2532. Byers Hall 3rd Floor, Suite, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Box 2532. Byers Hall 3rd Floor, Suite, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hema Artee Luchman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - J. Gregory Cairncross
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Russell O. Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Joanna J. Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Box 2532. Byers Hall 3rd Floor, Suite, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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17
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Yoon D, Yoon C, Choi H, Noh H, Ok Y, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim S. 1H-NMR-based Metabolomic Study of Miamiensis avidus-infected Olive Flounder. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Changshin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonkyung Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Ok
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine; Pukyong National University; Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Genetic Engineering Institute; Pusan National University; Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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18
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Cuccurullo V, Di Stasio GD, Evangelista L, Castoria G, Mansi L. Biochemical and Pathophysiological Premises to Positron Emission Tomography With Choline Radiotracers. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:270-275. [PMID: 27381438 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choline is a quaternary ammonium base that represents an essential component of phospholipids and cell membranes. Malignant transformation is associated with an abnormal choline metabolism at a higher levels with respect to those exclusively due to cell multiplication. The use of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) with radiocholine (RCH), labeled with 11 C or 18 F, is widely diffuse in oncology, with main reference to restaging of patients with prostate cancer. The enhanced concentration in neoplasm is based not only on the increasing growing rate, but also on more specific issues, such as the augmented uptake in malignant cells due to the up-regulation of choline kinase. Furthermore the role of hypoxia in decreasing choline's uptake determine an in vivo concentration only in well oxygenated tumors, with a lower uptake when malignancy increases, that is, in tumors positive at 18 F-Fluoro-deoxyglucose. In this paper we have analyzed the most important issues related to the possible utilization of RCH in diagnostic imaging of human cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 270-275, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cuccurullo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internistic "F.Magrassi, A.Lanzara"-Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Di Stasio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internistic "F.Magrassi, A.Lanzara"-Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Evangelista
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Mansi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Internistic "F.Magrassi, A.Lanzara"-Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
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Arlauckas SP, Popov AV, Delikatny EJ. Choline kinase alpha-Putting the ChoK-hold on tumor metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:28-40. [PMID: 27073147 PMCID: PMC5360181 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that lipid metabolism is drastically altered during tumor development and response to therapy. Choline kinase alpha (ChoKα) is a key mediator of these changes, as it represents the first committed step in the Kennedy pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and ChoKα expression is upregulated in many human cancers. ChoKα activity is associated with drug resistant, metastatic, and malignant phenotypes, and represents a robust biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. Effective ChoKα inhibitors have been developed and have recently entered clinical trials. ChoKα's clinical relevance was, until recently, attributed solely to its production of second messenger intermediates of phospholipid synthesis. The recent discovery of a non-catalytic scaffolding function of ChoKα may link growth receptor signaling to lipid biogenesis and requires a reinterpretation of the design and validation of ChoKα inhibitors. Advances in positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and optical imaging methods now allow for a comprehensive understanding of ChoKα expression and activity in vivo. We will review the current understanding of ChoKα metabolism, its role in tumor biology and the development and validation of targeted therapies and companion diagnostics for this important regulatory enzyme. This comes at a critical time as ChoKα-targeting programs receive more clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Arlauckas
- Department of Radiology, 317 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, 317 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E James Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, 317 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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20
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Checks and balances on cholinergic signaling in brain and body function. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:448-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Valli A, Rodriguez M, Moutsianas L, Fischer R, Fedele V, Huang HL, Van Stiphout R, Jones D, Mccarthy M, Vinaxia M, Igarashi K, Sato M, Soga T, Buffa F, Mccullagh J, Yanes O, Harris A, Kessler B. Hypoxia induces a lipogenic cancer cell phenotype via HIF1α-dependent and -independent pathways. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1920-41. [PMID: 25605240 PMCID: PMC4385826 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochemistry of cancer cells diverges significantly from normal cells as a result of a comprehensive reprogramming of metabolic pathways. A major factor influencing cancer metabolism is hypoxia, which is mediated by HIF1α and HIF2α. HIF1α represents one of the principal regulators of metabolism and energetic balance in cancer cells through its regulation of glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, Krebs cycle and the pentose phosphate shunt. However, less is known about the role of HIF1α in modulating lipid metabolism. Lipids serve cancer cells to provide molecules acting as oncogenic signals, energetic reserve, precursors for new membrane synthesis and to balance redox biological reactions. To study the role of HIF1α in these processes, we used HCT116 colorectal cancer cells expressing endogenous HIF1α and cells in which the hif1α gene was deleted to characterize HIF1α-dependent and independent effects on hypoxia regulated lipid metabolites. Untargeted metabolomics integrated with proteomics revealed that hypoxia induced many changes in lipids metabolites. Enzymatic steps in fatty acid synthesis and the Kennedy pathway were modified in a HIF1α-dependent fashion. Palmitate, stearate, PLD3 and PAFC16 were regulated in a HIF-independent manner. Our results demonstrate the impact of hypoxia on lipid metabolites, of which a distinct subset is regulated by HIF1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Valli
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mass Spectrometry Research Facility CRL, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loukas Moutsianas
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vita Fedele
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hong-Lei Huang
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruud Van Stiphout
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dylan Jones
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Mccarthy
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Vinaxia
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaori Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Maya Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Mccullagh
- Mass Spectrometry Research Facility CRL, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Kumar M, Arlauckas SP, Saksena S, Verma G, Ittyerah R, Pickup S, Popov AV, Delikatny EJ, Poptani H. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for detection of choline kinase inhibition in the treatment of brain tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:899-908. [PMID: 25657334 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal choline metabolism is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with oncogenesis and tumor progression. Increased choline is consistently observed in both preclinical tumor models and in human brain tumors by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Thus, inhibition of choline metabolism using specific choline kinase inhibitors such as MN58b may be a promising new strategy for treatment of brain tumors. We demonstrate the efficacy of MN58b in suppressing phosphocholine production in three brain tumor cell lines. In vivo MRS studies of rats with intracranial F98-derived brain tumors showed a significant decrease in tumor total choline concentration after treatment with MN58b. High-resolution MRS of tissue extracts confirmed that this decrease was due to a significant reduction in phosphocholine. Concomitantly, a significant increase in poly-unsaturated lipid resonances was also observed in treated tumors, indicating apoptotic cell death. MRI-based volume measurements demonstrated a significant growth arrest in the MN58b-treated tumors in comparison with saline-treated controls. Histologically, MN58b-treated tumors showed decreased cell density, as well as increased apoptotic cells. These results suggest that inhibition of choline kinase can be used as an adjuvant to chemotherapy in the treatment of brain tumors and that decreases in total choline observed by MRS can be used as an effective pharmacodynamic biomarker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sean P Arlauckas
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sona Saksena
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ranjit Ittyerah
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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23
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Localized hypoxia results in spatially heterogeneous metabolic signatures in breast tumor models. Neoplasia 2013; 14:732-41. [PMID: 22952426 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia triggers signaling cascades that significantly affect biologic outcomes such as resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in breast cancer. Hypoxic regions in solid tumor are spatially heterogeneous. Therefore, delineating the origin and extent of hypoxia in tumors is critical. In this study, we have investigated the effect of hypoxia on different metabolic pathways, such as lipid and choline metabolism, in a human breast cancer model. Human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and tumors, which were genetically engineered to express red fluorescent tdTomato protein under hypoxic conditions, were used to investigate hypoxia. Our data were obtained with a novel three-dimensional multimodal molecular imaging platform that combines magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), and optical imaging of hypoxia and necrosis. A higher concentration of noninvasively detected total choline-containing metabolites (tCho) and lipid CH3 localized in the tdTomato-fluorescing hypoxic regions indicated that hypoxia can upregulate tCho and lipid CH3 levels in this breast tumor model. The increase in tCho under hypoxia was primarily due to elevated phosphocholine levels as shown by in vitro MR spectroscopy. Elevated lipid CH3 levels detected under hypoxia were caused by an increase in mobile MR-detectable lipid droplets, as demonstrated by Nile Red staining. Our findings demonstrate that noninvasive MRSI can help delineate hypoxic regions in solid tumors by means of detecting the metabolic outcome of tumor hypoxia, which is characterized by elevated tCho and lipid CH3.
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