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Hafiane A, Gianopoulos I, Sorci-Thomas MG, Daskalopoulou SS. Current models of apolipoprotein A-I lipidation by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1. Curr Opin Lipidol 2022; 33:139-145. [PMID: 34581311 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary cardioprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is to remove excess cellular free cholesterol (FC) from peripheral tissues and deliver it to the liver. Here, we summarize recent research that examines apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) lipidation models by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and discuss its relevance in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). RECENT FINDINGS The first step in HDL formation involves the interaction between apoA-I and ABCA1, where ABCA1 mediates the removal of FC and phospholipids from lipid-laden macrophages to form discoidal nascent HDL (nHDL). However, there are currently no clear-cut systematic models that characterize HDL formation. A number of recent studies have investigated the importance of apoA-I C- and N-terminal domains required for optimal cholesterol efflux and nHDL production. Furthermore, functional ABCA1 is required for direct or indirect binding to apoA-I where ABCA1 dimer-monomer interconversion facilitates apoA-I lipidation from plasma membrane microdomains. Microparticles are also another lipid source for apoA-I solubilization into nHDL. SUMMARY ApoA-I and ABCA1 are key factors in macrophage-mediated cholesterol efflux and nHDL production. Understanding of the key steps in HDL formation may unlock the therapeutic potential of HDL and improve clinical management of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ioanna Gianopoulos
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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2
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B Uribe K, Benito-Vicente A, Martin C, Blanco-Vaca F, Rotllan N. (r)HDL in theranostics: how do we apply HDL's biology for precision medicine in atherosclerosis management? Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3185-3208. [PMID: 33949389 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are key players in cholesterol metabolism homeostasis since they are responsible for transporting excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. Imbalance in this process, due to either excessive accumulation or impaired clearance, results in net cholesterol accumulation and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, significant effort has been focused on the development of therapeutic tools capable of either directly or indirectly enhancing HDL-guided reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). More recently, in light of the emergence of precision nanomedicine, there has been renewed research interest in attempting to take advantage of the development of advanced recombinant HDL (rHDL) for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. In this review, we provide an update on the different approaches that have been developed using rHDL, focusing on the rHDL production methodology and rHDL applications in theranostics. We also compile a series of examples highlighting potential future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepa B Uribe
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo.644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Cesar Martin
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo.644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain. and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain and Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Protein Backbone and Average Particle Dynamics in Reconstituted Discoidal and Spherical HDL Probed by Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange and Elastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010121. [PMID: 31936876 PMCID: PMC7022587 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are supramolecular assemblies of proteins and lipids with dynamic characteristics critically linked to their biological functions as plasma lipid transporters and lipid exchangers. Among them, spherical high-density lipoproteins are the most abundant forms of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in human plasma, active participants in reverse cholesterol transport, and associated with reduced development of atherosclerosis. Here, we employed elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS) and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to determine the average particle dynamics and protein backbone local mobility of physiologically competent discoidal and spherical HDL particles reconstituted with human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Our EINS measurements indicated that discoidal HDL was more dynamic than spherical HDL at ambient temperatures, in agreement with their lipid-protein composition. Combining small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation and MS cross-linking, we showed earlier that the most likely organization of the three apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) chains in spherical HDL is a combination of a hairpin monomer and a helical antiparallel dimer. Here, we corroborated those findings with kinetic studies, employing hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Many overlapping apoA-I digested peptides exhibited bimodal HDX kinetics behavior, suggesting that apoA-I regions with the same amino acid composition located on different apoA-I chains had different conformations and/or interaction environments.
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Lai CT, Sun W, Palekar RU, Thaxton CS, Schatz GC. Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Studies of Gold Nanoparticle Templated HDL-like Nanoparticles for Cholesterol Metabolism Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1247-1254. [PMID: 28001031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Mimics of HDL are being explored as potentially powerful therapeutic agents for removing excess cholesterol from arterial plaques. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with apolipoprotein A-I and with the lipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate] have been demonstrated to be robust acceptors of cellular cholesterol. However, detailed structural information about this functionalized HDL AuNP is still lacking. In this study, we have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase activation experiments together with coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to model the structure and cholesterol uptake properties of the HDL AuNP construct. By simulating different apolipoprotein-loaded AuNPs, we find that lipids are oriented differently in regions with and without apoA-I. We also show that in this functionalized HDL AuNP, the distribution of cholesteryl ester maintains a reverse concentration gradient that is similar to the gradient found in native HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tsung Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wangqiang Sun
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology , 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rohun U Palekar
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology , 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology , 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Midtgaard SR, Pedersen MC, Arleth L. Small-angle X-ray scattering of the cholesterol incorporation into human ApoA1-POPC discoidal particles. Biophys J 2016. [PMID: 26200866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional aspects of high-density lipoproteins have been studied for over half a century. Due to the plasticity of this highly complex system, new aspects continue to be discovered. Here, we present a structural study of the human Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and investigate the role of its N-terminal domain, the so-called globular domain of ApoA1, in discoidal complexes with phospholipids and increasing amounts of cholesterol. Using a combination of solution-based small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and molecular constrained data modeling, we show that the ApoA1-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)-based particles are disk shaped with an elliptical cross section and composed by a central lipid bilayer surrounded by two stabilizing ApoA1 proteins. This structure is very similar to the particles formed in the so-called nanodisc system, which is based on N-terminal truncated ApoA1 protein. Although it is commonly agreed that the nanodisc is plain disk shaped, several more advanced structures have been proposed for the full-length ApoA1 in combination with POPC and cholesterol. This prompted us to make a detailed comparative study of the ApoA1 and nanodisc systems upon cholesterol uptake. Based on the presented SAXS analysis it is found that the N-terminal domains of ApoA1-POPC-cholesterol particles are not globular but instead an integrated part of the protein belt stabilizing the particles. Upon incorporation of increasing amounts of cholesterol, the presence of the N-terminal domain allows the bilayer thickness to increase while maintaining an overall flat bilayer structure. This is contrasted by the energetically more strained and less favorable lens shape required to fit the SAXS data from the N-terminal truncated nanodisc system upon cholesterol incorporation. This suggests that the N-terminal domain of ApoA1 actively participates in the stabilization of the ApoA1-POPC-cholesterol discoidal particle and allows for a more optimal lipid packing upon cholesterol uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Roi Midtgaard
- X-Ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Lise Arleth
- X-Ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Gu X, Wu Z, Huang Y, Wagner MA, Baleanu-Gogonea C, Mehl RA, Buffa JA, DiDonato AJ, Hazen LB, Fox PL, Gogonea V, Parks JS, DiDonato JA, Hazen SL. A Systematic Investigation of Structure/Function Requirements for the Apolipoprotein A-I/Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Interaction Loop of High-density Lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6386-95. [PMID: 26797122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.696088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) plays a critical role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) maturation. We previously identified a highly solvent-exposed apoA-I loop domain (Leu(159)-Leu(170)) in nascent HDL, the so-called "solar flare" (SF) region, and proposed that it serves as an LCAT docking site (Wu, Z., Wagner, M. A., Zheng, L., Parks, J. S., Shy, J. M., 3rd, Smith, J. D., Gogonea, V., and Hazen, S. L. (2007) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 14, 861-868). The stability and role of the SF domain of apoA-I in supporting HDL binding and activation of LCAT are debated. Here we show by site-directed mutagenesis that multiple residues within the SF region (Pro(165), Tyr(166), Ser(167), and Asp(168)) of apoA-I are critical for both LCAT binding to HDL and LCAT catalytic efficiency. The critical role for possible hydrogen bond interaction at apoA-I Tyr(166) was further supported using reconstituted HDL generated from apoA-I mutants (Tyr(166) → Glu or Asn), which showed preservation in both LCAT binding affinity and catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the in vivo functional significance of NO2-Tyr(166)-apoA-I, a specific post-translational modification on apoA-I that is abundant within human atherosclerotic plaque, was further investigated by using the recombinant protein generated from E. coli containing a mutated orthogonal tRNA synthetase/tRNACUA pair enabling site-specific insertion of the unnatural amino acid into apoA-I. NO2-Tyr(166)-apoA-I, after subcutaneous injection into hLCAT(Tg/Tg), apoA-I(-/-) mice, showed impaired LCAT activation in vivo, with significant reduction in HDL cholesteryl ester formation. The present results thus identify multiple structural features within the solvent-exposed SF region of apoA-I of nascent HDL essential for optimal LCAT binding and catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gu
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Zhiping Wu
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Ying Huang
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Matthew A Wagner
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | | | - Ryan A Mehl
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, and
| | - Jennifer A Buffa
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Anthony J DiDonato
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Leah B Hazen
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Paul L Fox
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and the Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | - John S Parks
- the Sections on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195,
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7
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Gogonea V. Structural Insights into High Density Lipoprotein: Old Models and New Facts. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:318. [PMID: 26793109 PMCID: PMC4709926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological link between circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and cardiovascular disease is well-documented, albeit its intricacies are not well-understood. An improved appreciation of HDL function and overall role in vascular health and disease requires at its foundation a better understanding of the lipoprotein's molecular structure, its formation, and its process of maturation through interactions with various plasma enzymes and cell receptors that intervene along the pathway of reverse cholesterol transport. This review focuses on summarizing recent developments in the field of lipid free apoA-I and HDL structure, with emphasis on new insights revealed by newly published nascent and spherical HDL models constructed by combining low resolution structures obtained from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation and geometrical constraints derived from hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), crosslinking mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, Förster resonance energy transfer, and electron spin resonance. Recently published low resolution structures of nascent and spherical HDL obtained from SANS with contrast variation and isotopic labeling of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) will be critically reviewed and discussed in terms of how they accommodate existing biophysical structural data from alternative approaches. The new low resolution structures revealed and also provided some answers to long standing questions concerning lipid organization and particle maturation of lipoproteins. The review will discuss the merits of newly proposed SANS based all atom models for nascent and spherical HDL, and compare them with accepted models. Finally, naturally occurring and bioengineered mutations in apoA-I, and their impact on HDL phenotype, are reviewed and discuss together with new therapeutics employed for restoring HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State UniversityCleveland, OH, USA; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and the Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, USA
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8
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Lai G, Forti KM, Renthal R. Kinetics of lipid mixing between bicelles and nanolipoprotein particles. Biophys Chem 2015; 197:47-52. [PMID: 25660392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs), also known as nanodiscs, are lipid bilayers bounded by apolipoprotein. Lipids and membrane proteins cannot exchange between NLPs. However, the addition of bicelles opens NLPs and transfers their contents to bicelles, which freely exchange lipids and proteins. NLP-bicelle interactions may provide a new method for studying membrane protein oligomerization. The interaction mechanism was investigated by stopped flow fluorometry. NLPs with lipids having fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donors and acceptors were mixed with a 200-fold molar excess of dihexanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DHPC)/dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bicelles, and the rate of lipid transfer was monitored by the disappearance of FRET. Near or below the DMPC phase transition temperature, the kinetics were sigmoidal. Free DHPC and apolipoprotein were ruled out as participants in autocatalytic mechanisms. The NLP-bicelle mixing rate showed a strong temperature dependence (activation energy = 28 kcal/mol). Models are proposed for the NLP-bicelle mixing, including one involving fusion pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginny Lai
- Biology Department, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | | | - Robert Renthal
- Biology Department, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; Biochemistry Department, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory
F. Pirrone
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Roxana E. Iacob
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - John R. Engen
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
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10
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Microenvironmentally controlled secondary structure motifs of apolipoprotein A-I derived peptides. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:99-109. [PMID: 24748322 PMCID: PMC4067536 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The structure of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein of HDL, has been extensively studied in past years. Nevertheless, its corresponding three-dimensional structure has been difficult to obtain due to the frequent conformational changes observed depending on the microenvironment. Although the function of each helical segment of this protein remains unclear, it has been observed that the apoA-I amino (N) and carboxy-end (C) domains are directly involved in receptor-recognition, processes that determine the diameter for HDL particles. In addition, it has been observed that the high structural plasticity of these segments might be related to several amyloidogenic processes. In this work, we studied a series of peptides derived from the N- and C-terminal domains representing the most hydrophobic segments of apoA-I. Measurements carried out using circular dichroism in all tested peptides evidenced that the lipid environment promotes the formation of α-helical structures, whereas an aqueous environment facilitates a strong tendency to adopt β-sheet/disordered conformations. Electron microscopy observations showed the formation of amyloid-like structures similar to those found in other well-defined amyloidogenic proteins. Interestingly, when the apoA-I peptides were incubated under conditions that promote stable globular structures, two of the peptides studied were cytotoxic to microglia and mouse macrophage cells. Our findings provide an insight into the physicochemical properties of key segments contained in apoA-I which may be implicated in disorder-to-order transitions that in turn maintain the delicate equilibrium between both, native and abnormal conformations, and therefore control its propensity to become involved in pathological processes.
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11
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An abundant dysfunctional apolipoprotein A1 in human atheroma. Nat Med 2014; 20:193-203. [PMID: 24464187 PMCID: PMC3923163 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their major structural protein, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), recovered from human atheroma are dysfunctional and are extensively oxidized by myeloperoxidase (MPO). In vitro oxidation of either apoA1 or HDL particles by MPO impairs their cholesterol acceptor function. Here, using phage display affinity maturation, we developed a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes both apoA1 and HDL that have been modified by the MPO-H2O2-Cl(-) system. An oxindolyl alanine (2-OH-Trp) moiety at Trp72 of apoA1 is the immunogenic epitope. Mutagenesis studies confirmed a critical role for apoA1 Trp72 in MPO-mediated inhibition of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-dependent cholesterol acceptor activity of apoA1 in vitro and in vivo. ApoA1 containing a 2-OH-Trp72 group (oxTrp72-apoA1) is in low abundance within the circulation but accounts for 20% of the apoA1 in atherosclerosis-laden arteries. OxTrp72-apoA1 recovered from human atheroma or plasma is lipid poor, virtually devoid of cholesterol acceptor activity and demonstrated both a potent proinflammatory activity on endothelial cells and an impaired HDL biogenesis activity in vivo. Elevated oxTrp72-apoA1 levels in subjects presenting to a cardiology clinic (n = 627) were associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Circulating oxTrp72-apoA1 levels may serve as a way to monitor a proatherogenic process in the artery wall.
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12
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Leman LJ, Maryanoff BE, Ghadiri MR. Molecules that mimic apolipoprotein A-I: potential agents for treating atherosclerosis. J Med Chem 2013; 57:2169-96. [PMID: 24168751 DOI: 10.1021/jm4005847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Certain amphipathic α-helical peptides can functionally mimic many of the properties of full-length apolipoproteins, thereby offering an approach to modulate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) for combating atherosclerosis. In this Perspective, we summarize the key findings and advances over the past 25 years in the development of peptides that mimic apolipoproteins, especially apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). This assemblage of information provides a reasonably clear picture of the state of the art in the apolipoprotein mimetic field, an appreciation of the potential for such agents in pharmacotherapy, and a sense of the opportunities for optimizing the functional properties of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Leman
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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13
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Diditchenko S, Gille A, Pragst I, Stadler D, Waelchli M, Hamilton R, Leis A, Wright SD. Novel Formulation of a Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein (CSL112) Dramatically Enhances ABCA1-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2202-11. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Diditchenko
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.D., D.S., M.W.); CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G., R.H.); CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany (I.P.); AAHL Biosecurity Microscopy Facility, Geelong, Australia (A.L.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Andreas Gille
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.D., D.S., M.W.); CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G., R.H.); CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany (I.P.); AAHL Biosecurity Microscopy Facility, Geelong, Australia (A.L.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Ingo Pragst
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.D., D.S., M.W.); CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G., R.H.); CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany (I.P.); AAHL Biosecurity Microscopy Facility, Geelong, Australia (A.L.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Dominik Stadler
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.D., D.S., M.W.); CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G., R.H.); CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany (I.P.); AAHL Biosecurity Microscopy Facility, Geelong, Australia (A.L.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Marcel Waelchli
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.D., D.S., M.W.); CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G., R.H.); CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany (I.P.); AAHL Biosecurity Microscopy Facility, Geelong, Australia (A.L.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Ross Hamilton
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.D., D.S., M.W.); CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G., R.H.); CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany (I.P.); AAHL Biosecurity Microscopy Facility, Geelong, Australia (A.L.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Andrew Leis
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.D., D.S., M.W.); CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G., R.H.); CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany (I.P.); AAHL Biosecurity Microscopy Facility, Geelong, Australia (A.L.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Samuel D. Wright
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.D., D.S., M.W.); CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G., R.H.); CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany (I.P.); AAHL Biosecurity Microscopy Facility, Geelong, Australia (A.L.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
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Huang Y, Wu Z, Riwanto M, Gao S, Levison BS, Gu X, Fu X, Wagner MA, Besler C, Gerstenecker G, Zhang R, Li XM, DiDonato AJ, Gogonea V, Tang WHW, Smith JD, Plow EF, Fox PL, Shih DM, Lusis AJ, Fisher EA, DiDonato JA, Landmesser U, Hazen SL. Myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase-1, and HDL form a functional ternary complex. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3815-28. [PMID: 23908111 DOI: 10.1172/jci67478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) are high-density lipoprotein-associated (HDL-associated) proteins mechanistically linked to inflammation, oxidant stress, and atherosclerosis. MPO is a source of ROS during inflammation and can oxidize apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) of HDL, impairing its atheroprotective functions. In contrast, PON1 fosters systemic antioxidant effects and promotes some of the atheroprotective properties attributed to HDL. Here, we demonstrate that MPO, PON1, and HDL bind to one another, forming a ternary complex, wherein PON1 partially inhibits MPO activity, while MPO inactivates PON1. MPO oxidizes PON1 on tyrosine 71 (Tyr71), a modified residue found in human atheroma that is critical for HDL binding and PON1 function. Acute inflammation model studies with transgenic and knockout mice for either PON1 or MPO confirmed that MPO and PON1 reciprocally modulate each other's function in vivo. Further structure and function studies identified critical contact sites between APOA1 within HDL, PON1, and MPO, and proteomics studies of HDL recovered from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subjects revealed enhanced chlorotyrosine content, site-specific PON1 methionine oxidation, and reduced PON1 activity. HDL thus serves as a scaffold upon which MPO and PON1 interact during inflammation, whereupon PON1 binding partially inhibits MPO activity, and MPO promotes site-specific oxidative modification and impairment of PON1 and APOA1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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15
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Chetty PS, Nguyen D, Nickel M, Lund-Katz S, Mayne L, Englander SW, Phillips MC. Comparison of apoA-I helical structure and stability in discoidal and spherical HDL particles by HX and mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1589-1597. [PMID: 23580759 PMCID: PMC3646460 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m034785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of apoA-I secondary structure in spherical plasma HDL particles is essential for understanding HDL structure and function at the molecular level. To provide this information, we have applied hydrogen exchange (HX) and mass spectrometry methods to compare apoA-I secondary structure in discoidal (two apoA-I molecules/particle) and spherical (five apoA-I molecules/particle) HDL particles. The HX kinetics indicate that the locations of helical segments within the apoA-I molecules are the same in both discoidal and spherical HDL particles (approximately 10 nm hydrodynamic diameter). Helix stabilities in both types of particles are 3–5 kcal/mol, consistent with the apoA-I molecules being in a highly dynamic state with helical segments unfolding and refolding in seconds. For the spherical HDL, apoA-I fragments corresponding to residues 115–158 exhibit bimodal HX kinetics consistent with this segment adopting an inter-converting (on the timescale of tens of minutes) helix-loop configuration. The segment adopting this configuration in the 10 nm disc is shorter because the surface area available to each apoA-I molecule is apparently larger. Loop formation in the central region of the apoA-I molecule contributes to the ability of the protein to adapt to changes in available space on the HDL particle surface. Overall, apoA-I secondary structure is largely unaffected by a change in HDL particle shape from disc to sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Sevugan Chetty
- Lipid Research Group, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318; and
| | - David Nguyen
- Lipid Research Group, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318; and
| | - Margaret Nickel
- Lipid Research Group, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318; and
| | - Sissel Lund-Katz
- Lipid Research Group, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318; and
| | - Leland Mayne
- The Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318
| | - S Walter Englander
- The Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Lipid Research Group, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318; and.
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