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de Almeida FC, Berzoti-Coelho MG, Toro DM, Cacemiro MDC, Bassan VL, Barretto GD, Garibaldi PMM, Palma LC, de Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Sorgi CA, Faciolli LH, Gardinassi LG, de Castro FA. Bioactive Lipids as Chronic Myeloid Leukemia’s Potential Biomarkers for Disease Progression and Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840173. [PMID: 35493444 PMCID: PMC9043757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that expresses the Philadelphia chromosome and constitutively activated Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) do not definitively cure all CML patients. The efficacy of TKI is reduced in CML patients in the blastic phase—the most severe phase of the disease—and resistance to this drug has emerged. There is limited knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of disease progression and resistance to TKI beyond BCR-ABL1, as well as on the impact of TKI treatment and disease progression on the metabolome of CML patients. The present study reports the metabolomic profiles of CML patients at different phases of the disease treated with TKI. The plasma metabolites from CML patients were analyzed using liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics. Distinct metabolic patterns were identified for CML patients at different phases of the disease and for those who were resistant to TKI. The lipid metabolism in CML patients at advanced phases and TKI-resistant patients is reprogrammed, as detected by analysis of metabolomic data. CML patients who were responsive and resistant to TKI therapy exhibited distinct enriched pathways. In addition, ceramide levels were higher and sphingomyelin levels were lower in resistant patients compared with control and CML groups. Taken together, the results here reported established metabolic profiles of CML patients who progressed to advanced phases of the disease and failed to respond to TKI therapy as well as patients in remission. In the future, an expanded study on CML metabolomics may provide new potential prognostic markers for disease progression and response to therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Lipids/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Campos de Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Felipe Campos de Almeida, ; Fabíola Attié de Castro,
| | - Maria G. Berzoti-Coelho
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diana Mota Toro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Biological Science Institute, Department of Basic and Applied Immunology at Manaus Federal University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maira da Costa Cacemiro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor Leonardo Bassan
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dessotti Barretto
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel Marques Garibaldi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Carvalho Palma
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Arterio Sorgi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Faciolli
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Felipe Campos de Almeida, ; Fabíola Attié de Castro,
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Chung LH, Liu D, Liu XT, Qi Y. Ceramide Transfer Protein (CERT): An Overlooked Molecular Player in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13184. [PMID: 34947980 PMCID: PMC8705978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of essential lipids implicated in constructing cellular membranes and regulating nearly all cellular functions. Sphingolipid metabolic network is centered with the ceramide-sphingomyelin axis. Ceramide is well-recognized as a pro-apoptotic signal; while sphingomyelin, as the most abundant type of sphingolipids, is required for cell growth. Therefore, the balance between these two sphingolipids can be critical for cancer cell survival and functioning. Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) dictates the ratio of ceramide to sphingomyelin within the cell. It is the only lipid transfer protein that specifically delivers ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where ceramide serves as the substrate for sphingomyelin synthesis. In the past two decades, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a critical role of CERT in cancer, but much more intensive efforts are required to draw a definite conclusion. Herein, we review all research findings of CERT, focusing on its molecular structure, cellular functions and implications in cancer. This comprehensive review of CERT will help to better understand the molecular mechanism of cancer and inspire to identify novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
| | | | | | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
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Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. Role of ceramide/sphingomyelin (SM) balance regulated through "SM cycle" in cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110119. [PMID: 34418535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), which comprises of two isozymes, SMS1 and SMS2, is the only enzyme that generates sphingomyelin (SM) by transferring phosphocholine of phosphatidylcholine to ceramide in mammals. Conversely, ceramide is generated from SM hydrolysis via sphingomyelinases (SMases), ceramide de novo synthesis, and the salvage pathway. The biosynthetic pathway for SM and ceramide content by SMS and SMase, respectively, is called "SM cycle." SM forms a SM-rich microdomain on the cell membrane to regulate signal transduction, such as proliferation/survival, migration, and inflammation. On the other hand, ceramide acts as a lipid mediator by forming a ceramide-rich platform on the membrane, and ceramide exhibits physiological actions such as cell death, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy induction. Therefore, the regulation of ceramide/SM balance by SMS and SMase is responsible for diverse cell functions not only in physiological cells but also in cancer cells. This review outlines the implications of ceramide/SM balance through "SM cycle" in cancer progression and prevention. In addition, the possible involvement of "SM cycle" is introduced in anti-cancer tumor immunity, which has become a hot topic to innovate a more effective and safer way to conquer cancer in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan; Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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4
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Cholesterol and Sphingolipid Enriched Lipid Rafts as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020726. [PMID: 33450869 PMCID: PMC7828315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are critical cell membrane lipid platforms enriched in sphingolipid and cholesterol content involved in diverse cellular processes. They have been proposed to influence membrane properties and to accommodate receptors within themselves by facilitating their interaction with ligands. Over the past decade, technical advances have improved our understanding of lipid rafts as bioactive structures. In this review, we will cover the more recent findings about cholesterol, sphingolipids and lipid rafts located in cellular and nuclear membranes in cancer. Collectively, the data provide insights on the role of lipid rafts as biomolecular targets in cancer with good perspectives for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Overriding sorafenib resistance via blocking lipid metabolism and Ras by sphingomyelin synthase 1 inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 87:217-228. [PMID: 33226447 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival benefit of sorafenib, the most used drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is unsatisfactory due to the development of adaptive resistance. Exploring the mechanisms underlying sorafenib resistance is important to develop sensitizing strategy. Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) plays a critical role in sphingolipid metabolism which is involved in oncogenesis and drug resistance. METHODS SMS1 and SMS2 levels in HCC cells in response to prolonged chemotherapy were analyzed using ELISA. mRNA and protein levels of SMS in HCC and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by ELISA and real-time PCR. The roles of SMS and its downstream targets were investigated using cellular and biochemical assays and mass spectrometry. RESULTS SMS1, but not SMS2, was upregulated in HCC in response to sorafenib treatment, although HCC displayed similar RNA and protein level of SMS1 compared to adjacent normal liver tissues. Overexpression of SMS1 promoted HCC growth and migration, and alleviated sorafenib's toxicity. SMS1 inhibition via genetic and pharmacological approaches consistently resulted in inhibition of growth and migration, and apoptosis induction in sorafenib-resistance HCC cells. SMS1 inhibition also augmented the efficacy of sorafenib in sensitive HCC cells. SMS1 inhibition disrupted sphingolipid metabolism via accumulating ceramide and decreasing sphingomyelin, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and decreasing Ras activity in resistant cells. Overexpression of constitutively active Ras reversed the inhibitory effects of SMS1 inhibition. Although SMS1 overexpression did not affect Ras expression and activity, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of SMS1 and Ras expression demonstrated that there was positive correlation between SMS1 and RAS (NRAS, R = 0.55, p < 0.01; KRAS, R = 0.44, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our work is the first to suggest that SMS1 plays a more important role in sorafenib resistance than tumorigenesis, and provides preclinical evidence to overcome sorafenib resistance with SMS1 inhibition in HCC.
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Daian F, Esper BS, Ashrafi N, Yu GQ, Luciano G, Moorthi S, Luberto C. Regulation of human sphingomyelin synthase 1 translation through its 5'-untranslated region. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3751-3764. [PMID: 33037626 PMCID: PMC7756225 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bcr‐abl1 oncogene causes a shift in the transcription start site of the SMS1 gene (SGMS1) encoding the sphingomyelin (SM) synthesizing enzyme, sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1). This results in an mRNA with a significantly shorter 5′‐UTR, called 7‐SGMS1, which is translated more efficiently than another transcript (IIb‐SGMS1) with a longer 5′UTR in Bcr‐abl1‐positive cells. Here, we determine the effects of these alternative 5′UTRs on SMS1 translation and investigate the key features underlying such regulation. First, the presence of the longer IIb 5′UTR is sufficient to greatly impair translation of a reporter gene. Deletion of the upstream open reading frame (−164 nt) or of the predicted stem‐loops in the 5′UTR of IIb‐SGMS1 has minimal effects on SGMS1 translation. Conversely, deletion of nucleotides −310 to −132 enhanced transcription of IIb‐SGMS1 to reach that of 7‐SGMS1. We thus suggest that regulatory features within nucleotides −310 and −132 modulate IIb‐SGMS1 translation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foysal Daian
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | | | - Navid Ashrafi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Gui-Qin Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella Luciano
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Sitapriya Moorthi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
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7
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Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. Ceramide/Sphingomyelin Rheostat Regulated by Sphingomyelin Synthases and Chronic Diseases in Murine Models. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:380-405. [PMID: 33024732 PMCID: PMC7521967 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingomyelin (SM) are major components of the double membrane-bound sphingolipids. Ceramide is an essential bioactive lipid involved in numerous cell processes including apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death. Inversely, SM regulates opposite cellular processes such as proliferation and migration by changing receptor-mediated signal transduction in the lipid microdomain. SM is generated through a transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide by SM synthases (SMSs). Research during the past several decades has revealed that the ceramide/SM balance in cellular membranes regulated by SMSs is important to decide the cell fate, survival, and proliferation. In addition, recent experimental studies utilizing SMS knockout mice and murine disease models provide evidence that SMS-regulated ceramide/SM balance is involved in human diseases. Here, we review the basic structural and functional characteristics of SMSs and focus on their cellular functions through the regulation of ceramide/SM balance in membrane microdomains. In addition, we present the pathological or physiological implications of SMSs by analyzing their role in SMS-knockout mice and human disease models. This review finally presents evidence indicating that the regulation of ceramide/SM balance through SMS could be a therapeutic target for human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Kanazawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
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Inglés M, Mas-Bargues C, Gimeno-Mallench L, Cruz-Guerrero R, García-García FJ, Gambini J, Borrás C, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Viña J. Relation Between Genetic Factors and Frailty in Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:1451-1457. [PMID: 31078485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that identifies individuals at higher risk of disability, institutionalization, and death. We previously reported that frailty is related to oxidative stress and cognitive impairment-related biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine whether frailty is associated with genetic variants. DESIGN Longitudinal population-based cohort of 2488 community-dwelling people from Toledo, Spain, aged 65 years or older. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We obtained blood samples from 78 individuals with frailty and 74 nonfrail individuals who were nonfrail (according to Fried criteria) from the Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing and extracted DNA using the Chemagic DNA blood kit. MEASURES Sample genotyping was carried out by means of Axiom Exome 319 Genotyping Array (Thermo Fisher Scientific), which contains 295,988 markers [single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and rare variants], and transferred to the GeneTitan Instrument (Affymetrix). RESULTS We found 15 SNPs (P < .001), 18 genes (P < .005), and 4 pathways (P < .05) related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, regulation of autophagy, and renin-angiotensin system as the most strongly associated with frailty. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS The specific genetic features related to energy metabolism, biological processes regulation, cognition, and inflammation highlighted by this preliminary analysis offer useful insights for finding biologically meaningful biomarkers of frailty that allow early diagnosis and treatment. Further research is needed to confirm our novel findings in a larger population. Indeed, the EU-funded FRAILOMICS research effort will address this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Cruz-Guerrero
- CIBERER- Genomic Medicine Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Getafe and CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing), Getafe, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Wegner MS, Schömel N, Gruber L, Örtel SB, Kjellberg MA, Mattjus P, Kurz J, Trautmann S, Peng B, Wegner M, Kaulich M, Ahrends R, Geisslinger G, Grösch S. UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase activates AKT, promoted proliferation, and doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3393-3410. [PMID: 29549423 PMCID: PMC11105721 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of glycosylated sphingolipids, since this enzyme generates the precursor for all complex glycosphingolipids (GSL), the GlcCer. The UGCG has been associated with several cancer-related processes such as maintaining cancer stem cell properties or multidrug resistance induction. The precise mechanisms underlying these processes are unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms occurring after UGCG overexpression in breast cancer cells. We observed alterations of several cellular properties such as morphological changes, which enhanced proliferation and doxorubicin resistance in UGCG overexpressing MCF-7 cells. These cellular effects seem to be mediated by an altered composition of glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (GEMs), especially an accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which leads to an activation of Akt and ERK1/2. The induction of the Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathway results in an increased gene expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and anti-apoptotic genes and a decrease of pro-apoptotic gene expression. Inhibition of the protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) reduced MDR1 gene expression. This study discloses how changes in UGCG expression impact several cellular signaling pathways in breast cancer cells resulting in enhanced proliferation and multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nina Schömel
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Gruber
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Beatrice Örtel
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matti Aleksi Kjellberg
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, III, BioCity, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, III, BioCity, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jennifer Kurz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bing Peng
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS e. V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS e. V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Moorthi S, Burns TA, Yu GQ, Luberto C. Bcr-Abl regulation of sphingomyelin synthase 1 reveals a novel oncogenic-driven mechanism of protein up-regulation. FASEB J 2018; 32:4270-4283. [PMID: 29533737 PMCID: PMC6044059 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701016r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bcr-Abl (break-point cluster region-abelson), the oncogenic trigger of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), has previously been shown to up-regulate the expression and activity of sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1), which contributes to the proliferation of CML cells; however, the mechanism by which this increased expression of SMS1 is mediated remains unknown. In the current study, we show that Bcr-Abl enhances the expression of SMS1 via a 30-fold up-regulation of its transcription. Of most interest, the Bcr-Abl-regulated transcription of SMS1 is initiated from a novel transcription start site (TSS) that is just upstream of the open reading frame. This shift in TSS utilization generates an SMS1 mRNA with a substantially shorter 5' UTR compared with its canonical mRNA. This shorter 5' UTR imparts a 20-fold greater translational efficiency to SMS1 mRNA, which further contributes to the increase of its expression in CML cells. Therefore, our study demonstrates that Bcr-Abl increases SMS1 protein levels via 2 concerted mechanisms: up-regulation of transcription and enhanced translation as a result of the shift in TSS utilization. Remarkably, this is the first time that an oncogene-Bcr-Abl-has been demonstrated to drive such a mechanism that up-regulates the expression of a functionally important target gene, SMS1.-Moorthi, S., Burns, T. A., Yu, G.-Q., Luberto, C. Bcr-Abl regulation of sphingomyelin synthase 1 reveals a novel oncogenic-driven mechanism of protein up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitapriya Moorthi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Tara Ann Burns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gui-Qin Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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D'Angelo G, Moorthi S, Luberto C. Role and Function of Sphingomyelin Biosynthesis in the Development of Cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2018; 140:61-96. [PMID: 30060817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) biosynthesis represents a complex, finely regulated process, mostly occurring in vertebrates. It is intimately linked to lipid transport and it is ultimately carried out by two enzymes, SM synthase 1 and 2, selectively localized in the Golgi and plasma membrane. In the course of the SM biosynthetic reaction, various lipids are metabolized. Because these lipids have both structural and signaling functions, the SM biosynthetic process has the potential to affect diverse important cellular processes (such as cell proliferation, cell survival, and migration). Thus defects in SM biosynthesis might directly or indirectly impact the normal physiology of the cell and eventually of the organism. In this chapter, we will focus on evidence supporting a role for SM biosynthesis in specific cellular functions and how its dysregulation can affect neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Sitapriya Moorthi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Inglés M, Gimeno-Mallench L, Mas-Bargues C, Dromant M, Cruz-Guerrero R, García-García FJ, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Gambini J, Borrás C, Viña J. [Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms related to frailty]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2018; 53:202-207. [PMID: 29636291 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for biomarkers that can lead to the early diagnosis and thus, early treatment of frailty, has become one of the main challenges facing the geriatric scientific community. The aim of the present study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to frailty. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on 152 subjects from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging (65 to 95 years of age), and classified as frail (n=78), and non-frail (n=74), according to Fried's criteria. After blood collection, DNA was isolated and amplified for the analysis of SNPs using AxiomTM Genotyping technology (Affymetrix). Statistical analyses were performed using the Plink program and library SNPassoc. RESULTS The results of the study showed 15 SNPs with a P<.001. Those SNPs involved in processes related to frailty, such as energy metabolism, regulation of biological processes, cell motility and integrity, and cognition are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the genetic variations identified in frail individuals that are involved in biological processes related to frailty may be considered as biomarkers for the early detection of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group-Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, España.
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group-Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group-Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Mar Dromant
- Freshage Research Group-Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Raquel Cruz-Guerrero
- CIBERER-Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España
| | | | | | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group-Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group-Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group-Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
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13
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Inhibition of sphingomyelin synthase 1 affects ceramide accumulation and hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells. Neuroreport 2017; 27:967-73. [PMID: 27391427 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in brain injury after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, which contributes toward excessive apoptosis of nerve cells. Therefore, it would be beneficial to identify a therapy that could interfere with the progression of apoptosis and protect the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. As ceramide, a well-known second messenger of apoptosis, can be metabolized by sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1), recent research has focused on the link between SMS1 and apoptosis in different cells. To investigate whether SMS1 is involved in the process of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in neurons and to explore the possible underlying mechanism, we treated mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2A (N2a) cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Incubation with H2O2 significantly upregulated the expression of SMS1, increased the intracellular levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin synthase activity, and induced apoptosis. Moreover, pretreatment of N2a cells with D609, an sphingomyelin synthase inhibitor, or SMS1-silencing RNA (siRNA) further increased ceramide and potentiated H2O2-induced apoptosis which could be reversed by SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor). Thus, our study has shown that SMS1 regulates ceramide levels in N2a cells and plays a potent protective role in this oxidative stress-induced apoptosis partly through the p38 pathway.
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14
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Kalluri HS, Kuo JS, Dempsey RJ. Chronic D609 treatment interferes with cell cycle and targets the expression of Olig2 in Glioma Stem like Cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:81-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Luo S, Pan Z, Liu S, Yuan S, Yan N. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 overexpression promotes cisplatin-induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:483-488. [PMID: 29375716 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most type of common pediatric liver cancer. The primary chemotherapy drug for HB is cisplatin (DDP). However, patients readily develop intrinsic and acquired resistance, and severe side effects to treatment. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is a key enzyme involved in the generation of sphingomyelin (SM), which is able to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. The death receptors (DRs) have important functions in DDP-induced apoptosis. However, whether SMS2 is able to modulate cell apoptosis through the DR signaling pathway remains unknown. To investigate this question, SMS2 was overexpressed in HepG2 cells and treated with 3.5 mg/l cisplatin in the present study. After 24 h, the expression of SMS2, avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-Myc), DR4, DR5 and caspase-3 was analyzed. Furthermore, cell viability was quantified, and apoptosis was assessed by western blot and flow cytometry analysis as well as Cell Counting kit-8. The results of the present study revealed that overexpression of SMS2 was able to increase the expression of c-Myc, cleaved caspase-3, DR4 and DR5 compared with the control group (P<0.05, n=3), and increase the levels of apoptosis in the SMS2 + DDP group, compared with the control (P<0.001, n=3). These results indicate that overexpression of SMS2 is able to improve sensitivity of HepG2 cells to DDP by increasing the expression of c-Myc, DR4 and DR5 in HepG2 cells. This increased sensitivity may decrease intrinsic and acquired resistance of chemotherapy in HB, and reduce the associated severe side effects in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Nianlong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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16
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Tang YC, Yuwen H, Wang K, Bruno PM, Bullock K, Deik A, Santaguida S, Trakala M, Pfau SJ, Zhong N, Huang T, Wang L, Clish CB, Hemann MT, Amon A. Aneuploid Cell Survival Relies upon Sphingolipid Homeostasis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5272-5286. [PMID: 28775166 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer cells, poses an appealing opportunity for cancer treatment and prevention strategies. Using a cell-based screen to identify small molecules that could selectively kill aneuploid cells, we identified the compound N-[2-hydroxy-1-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2-phenylethyl]-decanamide monohydrochloride (DL-PDMP), an antagonist of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase. DL-PDMP selectively inhibited proliferation of aneuploid primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and aneuploid colorectal cancer cells. Its selective cytotoxic effects were based on further accentuating the elevated levels of ceramide, which characterize aneuploid cells, leading to increased apoptosis. We observed that DL-PDMP could also enhance the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel, a standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agent that causes aneuploidy, in human colon cancer and mouse lymphoma cells. Our results offer pharmacologic evidence that the aneuploid state in cancer cells can be targeted selectively for therapeutic purposes, or for reducing the toxicity of taxane-based drug regimens. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5272-86. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chi Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Yuwen
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter M Bruno
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Bullock
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Deik
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stefano Santaguida
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marianna Trakala
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah J Pfau
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Na Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael T Hemann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Angelika Amon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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17
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Kilbey A, Terry A, Wotton S, Borland G, Zhang Q, Mackay N, McDonald A, Bell M, Wakelam MJO, Cameron ER, Neil JC. Runx1 Orchestrates Sphingolipid Metabolism and Glucocorticoid Resistance in Lymphomagenesis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1432-1441. [PMID: 27869314 PMCID: PMC5408393 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The three‐membered RUNX gene family includes RUNX1, a major mutational target in human leukemias, and displays hallmarks of both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In mouse models, the Runx genes appear to act as conditional oncogenes, as ectopic expression is growth suppressive in normal cells but drives lymphoma development potently when combined with over‐expressed Myc or loss of p53. Clues to underlying mechanisms emerged previously from murine fibroblasts where ectopic expression of any of the Runx genes promotes survival through direct and indirect regulation of key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism associated with a shift in the “sphingolipid rheostat” from ceramide to sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P). Testing of this relationship in lymphoma cells was therefore a high priority. We find that ectopic expression of Runx1 in lymphoma cells consistently perturbs the sphingolipid rheostat, whereas an essential physiological role for Runx1 is revealed by reduced S1P levels in normal spleen after partial Cre‐mediated excision. Furthermore, we show that ectopic Runx1 expression confers increased resistance of lymphoma cells to glucocorticoid‐mediated apoptosis, and elucidate the mechanism of cross‐talk between glucocorticoid and sphingolipid metabolism through Sgpp1. Dexamethasone potently induces expression of Sgpp1 in T‐lymphoma cells and drives cell death which is reduced by partial knockdown of Sgpp1 with shRNA or direct transcriptional repression of Sgpp1 by ectopic Runx1. Together these data show that Runx1 plays a role in regulating the sphingolipid rheostat in normal development and that perturbation of this cell fate regulator contributes to Runx‐driven lymphomagenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1432–1441, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kilbey
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Terry
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - S Wotton
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - G Borland
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Q Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - N Mackay
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - A McDonald
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M Bell
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M J O Wakelam
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - E R Cameron
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - J C Neil
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
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18
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Kalluri HSG, Kuo JS, Dempsey RJ. Effect of D609 on the expression of GADD45β protein: Potential inhibitory role in the growth of glioblastoma cancer stem like cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:510-517. [PMID: 27658347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GADD45β (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage inducible protein) is a stress activated protein which plays an important role in regulating apoptosis, proliferation, DNA repair and potentially may have a role in cancer. In this study we examined the role of anti-oxidative stress on the expression of GADD45β in glioma stem-like cells (GSC). We show that patient derived GSCs have high survival in the absence of exogenous growth factors. Addition of D609 (Tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate), a known anti-oxidative compound, to GSCs reduced the cellular ATP content with significant effects observed when GSCs were cultured in growth factor free medium. D609 exposure also resulted in a decrease in the protein and an increase in mRNA of GADD45β with a concomitant decline in the survival of cells. However, under similar conditions the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase (stress activated MAP kinase), a downstream target of GADD45β, was significantly enhanced in response to D609. Therefore it appears that GADD45β might play a role in glioma stem cell survival and that p38 MAP kinase may not be directly activated by GADD45β. Together these observations suggest that anti-oxidative compounds like D609 can target GADD45β which may be one strategy to curtail the growth of glioma stem like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haviryaji S G Kalluri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America.
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
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19
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Kitatani K, Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. Role of Sphingolipids and Metabolizing Enzymes in Hematological Malignancies. Mol Cells 2015; 38:482-95. [PMID: 25997737 PMCID: PMC4469906 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids such as ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingomyelin have been emerging as bioactive lipids since ceramide was reported to play a role in human leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation and death. Recently, it is well-known that ceramide acts as an inducer of cell death, that sphingomyelin works as a regulator for microdomain function of the cell membrane, and that sphingosine-1-phosphate plays a role in cell survival/proliferation. The lipids are metabolized by the specific enzymes, and each metabolite could be again returned to the original form by the reverse action of the different enzyme or after a long journey of many metabolizing/synthesizing pathways. In addition, the metabolites may serve as reciprocal bio-modulators like the rheostat between ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Therefore, the change of lipid amount in the cells, the subcellular localization and the downstream signal in a specific subcellular organelle should be clarified to understand the pathobiological significance of sphingolipids when extracellular stimulation induces a diverse of cell functions such as cell death, proliferation and migration. In this review, we focus on how sphingolipids and their metabolizing enzymes cooperatively exert their function in proliferation, migration, autophagy and death of hematopoetic cells, and discuss the way developing a novel therapeutic device through the regulation of sphingolipids for effectively inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell death in hematological malignancies such as leukemia, malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai,
Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai,
Japan
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293,
Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293,
Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293,
Japan
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20
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Sphingomyelin Synthase 1 Regulates Neuro-2a Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression Through Modulation of p27 Expression and Akt Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1530-41. [PMID: 25084761 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) is a key enzyme involved in the generation of sphingomyelin (SM) and regulation of cell growth and survival. However, the effects of SMS on neuronal cell proliferation and cell cycle progression are not completely elucidated. In this study, we examined the direct effects of SMS1 in regulating cell cycle progression and proliferation of Neuro-2a cells that exhibit neuronal characteristics. Neuro-2a cells transfected with SMS-specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expressed significantly lower levels of SMS1. RNA interference-mediated depletion of SMS1 in Neuro-2a cells caused a significant decrease in SM levels. Decreased SMS1 levels resulted in reduced proliferation rate and morphological changes including neurite-like outgrowth. Also, silencing of SMS1 induced cell cycle arrest as shown by the increased percentage of cells in G0/G1 and decreased proportion of cells in S phase. These changes were accompanied by upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and decreased levels of cyclin D1 and phospho-Akt. Nuclear accumulation of p27 was also evident in SMS1-deficient cells. Furthermore, loss of SMS1 inhibited the migratory potential of Neuro-2a cells in association with decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinases. These results indicate that SMS1 plays an important role in mediating the key signaling pathways that are involved in the tight coordination of multiple cellular activities, including neuronal cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration, and therefore may have significant implications in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. The role of sphingomyelin and sphingomyelin synthases in cell death, proliferation and migration—from cell and animal models to human disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:692-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Taouji S, Higa A, Delom F, Palcy S, Mahon FX, Pasquet JM, Bossé R, Ségui B, Chevet E. Phosphorylation of serine palmitoyltransferase long chain-1 (SPTLC1) on tyrosine 164 inhibits its activity and promotes cell survival. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17190-201. [PMID: 23629659 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In BCR-ABL-expressing cells, sphingolipid metabolism is altered. Because the first step of sphingolipid biosynthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), our objective was to identify ABL targets in the ER. A phosphoproteomic analysis of canine pancreatic ER microsomes identified 49 high scoring phosphotyrosine-containing peptides. These were then categorized in silico and validated in vitro. We demonstrated that the ER-resident human protein serine palmitoyltransferase long chain-1 (SPTLC1), which is the first enzyme of sphingolipid biosynthesis, is phosphorylated at Tyr(164) by the tyrosine kinase ABL. Inhibition of BCR-ABL using either imatinib or shRNA-mediated silencing led to the activation of SPTLC1 and to increased apoptosis in both K562 and LAMA-84 cells. Finally, we demonstrated that mutation of Tyr(164) to Phe in SPTLC1 increased serine palmitoyltransferase activity. The Y164F mutation also promoted the remodeling of cellular sphingolipid content, thereby sensitizing K562 cells to apoptosis. Our observations provide a mechanistic explanation for imatinib-mediated cell death and a novel avenue for therapeutic strategies.
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