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Xin Y, Wu S, Miao C, Xu T, Lu Y. Towards Lipid from Microalgae: Products, Biosynthesis, and Genetic Engineering. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:447. [PMID: 38672718 PMCID: PMC11051065 DOI: 10.3390/life14040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae can convert carbon dioxide into organic matter through photosynthesis. Thus, they are considered as an environment-friendly and efficient cell chassis for biologically active metabolites. Microalgal lipids are a class of organic compounds that can be used as raw materials for food, feed, cosmetics, healthcare products, bioenergy, etc., with tremendous potential for commercialization. In this review, we summarized the commercial lipid products from eukaryotic microalgae, and updated the mechanisms of lipid synthesis in microalgae. Moreover, we reviewed the enhancement of lipids, triglycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, and terpenes in microalgae via environmental induction and/or metabolic engineering in the past five years. Collectively, we provided a comprehensive overview of the products, biosynthesis, induced strategies and genetic engineering in microalgal lipids. Meanwhile, the outlook has been presented for the development of microalgal lipids industries, emphasizing the significance of the accurate analysis of lipid bioactivity, as well as the high-throughput screening of microalgae with specific lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Life and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (S.W.); (C.M.); (T.X.)
- Haikou Technology Innovation Center for Research and Utilization of Algal Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Life and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (S.W.); (C.M.); (T.X.)
| | - Congcong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Life and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (S.W.); (C.M.); (T.X.)
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Life and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (S.W.); (C.M.); (T.X.)
| | - Yandu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Life and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (S.W.); (C.M.); (T.X.)
- Haikou Technology Innovation Center for Research and Utilization of Algal Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiotechnology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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You C, Miao S, Xie Z, Lin S, Wang S, Chen C, Lin L, Huang Y, Zhou M, Dong Y, Li Y, Zhuang P. Cloning, tissue specificity and regulation of expression of genes of four key enzymes related to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis by ambient salinity during embryogenesis in the marine teleost Siganus guttatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110903. [PMID: 37717849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus was the first marine teleost reported to possess long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthetic ability, and the related molecular mechanisms have been well clarified. Here, we investigated the LC-PUFA biosynthesis capability of the congeneric rabbitfish S. guttatus. First, cDNAs of genes for four key enzymes related to LC-PUFA biosynthesis, namely Δ6Δ5 fatty acyl desaturase (fads2) (1335 bp; 445 aa), Δ4 fads2 (1335 bp; 445 aa), and elongation of very long chain fatty acid proteins (elovl5) (873 bp; 291 aa) and elovl4 (906 bp; 302 aa) were cloned from the liver of S. guttatus. The Δ6Δ5 fads2, Δ4 fads2 and elovl5 genes showed high expression in brain, liver, spleen, gallbladder, and intestine but relatively low expression in eye, whereas the elovl4 gene showed specific and high expression in eye. During embryogenesis, mRNA expression of Δ4 fads2 and elovl4 was detected from 8 h post-fertilization (hpf) and then maintained a high level to 24 hpf, while mRNA expression of Δ6Δ5 fads2 and elovl5 reached a peak at 14 hpf but then declined. In addition, ambient salinity (32 ppt and 20 ppt) exerted some regulatory influence on the expression of the four genes during embryogenesis. The levels of C18 PUFA precursors and, especially, PUFA and DHA of the embryos, decreased from 17 hpf to 24 hpf. These results suggested that S. guttatus, similar to the congeneric S. canaliculatus, would have capability for LC-PUFA biosynthesis, which is still not activated at the fertilized egg stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong You
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510222, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangshuang Miao
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510222, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyuan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Lin
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510222, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510222, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510222, Guangdong, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510222, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences & University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on MBCE, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ping Zhuang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
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3
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Naya-Català F, Belenguer A, Montero D, Torrecillas S, Soriano B, Calduch-Giner J, Llorens C, Fontanillas R, Sarih S, Zamorano MJ, Izquierdo M, Pérez-Sánchez J. Broodstock nutritional programming differentially affects the hepatic transcriptome and genome-wide DNA methylome of farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) depending on genetic background. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:670. [PMID: 37936076 PMCID: PMC10631108 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broodstock nutritional programming improves the offspring utilization of plant-based diets in gilthead sea bream through changes in hepatic metabolism. Attention was initially focused on fatty acid desaturases, but it can involve a wide range of processes that remain largely unexplored. How all this can be driven by a different genetic background is hardly underlined, and the present study aimed to assess how broodstock nutrition affects differentially the transcriptome and genome-wide DNA methylome of reference and genetically selected fish within the PROGENSA® selection program. RESULTS After the stimulus phase with a low fish oil diet, two offspring subsets of each genetic background received a control or a FUTURE-based diet. This highlighted a different hepatic transcriptome (RNA-seq) and genome-wide DNA methylation (MBD-seq) pattern depending on the genetic background. The number of differentially expressed transcripts following the challenge phase varied from 323 in reference fish to 2,009 in genetically selected fish. The number of discriminant transcripts, and associated enriched functions, were also markedly higher in selected fish. Moreover, correlation analysis depicted a hyper-methylated and down-regulated gene expression state in selected fish with the FUTURE diet, whereas the opposite pattern appeared in reference fish. After filtering for highly represented functions in selected fish, 115 epigenetic markers were retrieved in this group. Among them, lipid metabolism genes (23) were the most reactive following ordering by fold-change in expression, rendering a final list of 10 top markers with a key role on hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism (cd36, pitpna, cidea, fasn, g6pd, lipt1, scd1a, acsbg2, acsl14, acsbg2). CONCLUSIONS Gene expression profiles and methylation signatures were dependent on genetic background in our experimental model. Such assumption affected the magnitude, but also the type and direction of change. Thus, the resulting epigenetic clock of reference fish might depict an older phenotype with a lower methylation for the epigenetically responsive genes with a negative methylation-expression pattern. Therefore, epigenetic markers will be specific of each genetic lineage, serving the broodstock programming in our selected fish to prevent and mitigate later in life the risk of hepatic steatosis through changes in hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Naya-Català
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - A Belenguer
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - D Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - S Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - B Soriano
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain
- Biotechvana, Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - J Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - C Llorens
- Biotechvana, Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - R Fontanillas
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - S Sarih
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M J Zamorano
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte S/N, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Gao K, Lu R, Cao X, Yang L, Nie G. Genome-wide comparative identification and analysis of membrane-FADS-like superfamily genes in freshwater economic fishes. FEBS Open Bio 2023. [PMID: 36883721 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane fatty acid desaturase (FADS)-like superfamily proteins (FADSs) are essential for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Recently, studies on FADS in fishes have mostly focused on marine species, and a comprehensive analysis of the FADS superfamily, including the FADS, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), and sphingolipid delta 4-desaturase (DEGS) families, in freshwater economic fishes is urgently required. To this end, we conducted a thorough analysis of the number, gene/protein structure, chromosomal location, gene linkage map, phylogeny, and expression of the FADS superfamily. We identified 156 FADSs genes in the genome of 27 representative species. Notably, FADS1 and SCD5 were lost in most freshwater fish and other teleosts. All FADSs proteins contain 4 transmembrane helices and 2-3 amphipathic α-helices. FADSs in the same family are often linked on the same chromosome; moreover, FADS and SCD or DEGS are frequently collocated on the same chromosome. In addition, FADS, SCD, and DEGS family proteins share similar evolutionary patterns. Interestingly, FADS6, as a member of the FADS family, exhibits a similar gene structure and chromosome location to that of SCD family members, which may be the transitional form of FADS and SCD. This study shed light on the type, structure, and phylogenetic relationship of FADSs in freshwater fishes, offering a new perspective into the functional mechanism analysis of FADSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Centre of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Centre of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kedi Gao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Centre of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Centre of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Centre of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Centre of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Centre of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Shi Z, Pang Y, Xu X, Lai W, Cao X, Mai K, Ai Q. Comparative analysis of nutritional and transcriptional regulation of hacd1 in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 266:110850. [PMID: 36990141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases 1 (Hacd1) is a critical enzyme in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. The difference in expression of hacd1 might account for the stronger capacity of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in freshwater fish than in marine fish, but little is known about fish hacd1. Therefore, this study compared the responses of large yellow croaker and rainbow trout hacd1 to different oil sources or fatty acids, and also examined transcriptional regulation of this gene. In this study, hacd1 was highly expressed in the liver of large yellow croaker and rainbow trout, which is the main organ for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Therefore, we cloned the hacd1 coding sequence, with a phylogenetic analysis showing that this gene is evolutionarily conserved. Its localization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), likely also indicates a conserved structure and function. The expression of hacd1 in the liver was significantly decreased after the substitution of soybean oil (SO) for fish oil but was not significantly affected after palm oil (PO) substitution. Linoleic acid (LA) incubation significantly promoted hacd1 expression in primary hepatocytes of large yellow croaker and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) incubation significantly promoted hacd1 expression in primary hepatocytes of rainbow trout. Transcription factors STAT4, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, HNF1, HSF3 and FOXP3 were identified in both large yellow croaker and rainbow trout. HNF1 had a stronger activation effect in rainbow trout than in large yellow croaker. FOXP3 inhibited hacd1 promoter activity in large yellow croaker but had no effect in rainbow trout. Therefore, the differences between HNF1 and FOXP3 affected the expression of hacd1 in the liver thus being responsible for the high capacity of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in rainbow trout.
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Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase is essential for the production of DHA in zebrafish. J Lipid Res 2022; 64:100326. [PMID: 36592657 PMCID: PMC9974443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with other species, freshwater fish are more capable of synthesizing DHA via same biosynthetic pathways. Freshwater fish have a "Sprecher" pathway to biosynthesize DHA in a peroxisome-dependent manner. Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (Ehhadh) is involved in the hydration and dehydrogenation reactions of fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisomes. However, the role of Ehhadh in the synthesis of DHA in freshwater fish remains largely unclear. In this study, the knockout of Ehhadh significantly inhibited DHA synthesis in zebrafish. Liver transcriptome analysis showed that Ehhadh deletion significantly inhibited SREBF and PPAR signaling pathways and decreased the expression of PUFA synthesis-related genes. Our results from the analysis of transgenic zebrafish (Tg:Ehhadh) showed that Ehhadh overexpression significantly increased the DHA content in the liver and significantly upregulated the expression of genes related to PUFA synthesis. In addition, the DHA content in the liver of Tg:Ehhadh fed with linseed oil was significantly higher than that of wildtype, but the expression of PUFA synthesis-related genes fads2 and elovl2 were significantly lower, indicating that Ehhadh had a direct effect on DHA synthesis. In conclusion, our results showed that Ehhadh was essential for DHA synthesis in the "Sprecher" pathway, and Ehhadh overexpression could promote DHA synthesis. This study provides insight into the role of Ehhadh in freshwater fish.
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Marrero M, Monroig Ó, Navarro JC, Ribes-Navarro A, Pérez JA, Galindo A, Rodríguez C. Metabolic and molecular evidence for long-chain PUFA biosynthesis capacity in the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111232. [PMID: 35580802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest to understand the capacity of farmed fish species to biosynthesise the physiologically important long-chain (≥C20) n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), from their C18 PUFA precursors available in the diet. In fish, the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathways involve sequential desaturation and elongation reactions from α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), catalysed by fatty acyl desaturases (Fads) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) proteins. Our current understanding of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) LC-PUFA biosynthetic capacity is limited despite representing the most farmed finfish produced worldwide. To address this knowledge gap, this study first aimed at characterising molecularly and functionally three genes (fads2, elovl5 and elovl2) with putative roles in LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Using an in vitro yeast-based system, we found that grass carp Fads2 possesses ∆8 and ∆5 desaturase activities, with ∆6 ability to desaturase not only the C18 PUFA precursors (ALA and LA) but also 24:5n-3 to 24:6n-3, a key intermediate to obtain DHA through the "Sprecher pathway". Additionally, the Elovl5 showed capacity to elongate C18 and C20 PUFA substrates, whereas Elovl2 was more active over C20 and C22. Collectively, the molecular cloning and functional characterisation of fads2, elovl5 and elovl2 demonstrated that the grass carp has all the enzymatic activities required to obtain ARA, EPA and DHA from LA and ALA. Importantly, the hepatocytes incubated with radiolabelled fatty acids confirmed the yeast-based results and demonstrated that these enzymes are functionally active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marrero
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Alberto Ribes-Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Galindo
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Bertucci JI, Blanco AM, Navarro JC, Unniappan S, Canosa LF. Dietary protein:lipid ratio modulates somatic growth and expression of genes involved in somatic growth, lipid metabolism and food intake in Pejerrey fry (Odontesthes bonariensis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111231. [PMID: 35537601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pejerrey is a freshwater fish from South America with high potential for aquaculture. This study was designed to determine the effects of different dietary protein:lipid ratio on growth rate and the expression of growth, lipid metabolism and feeding-related genes of this species during early developmental stages. Pejerrey fry were fed for 60 days with four experimental diets containing low (400 g Kg-1) or high (500 g Kg-1) protein (LP or HP, respectively) and low (120 g Kg-1) or high (200 g Kg-1) lipid (LL or HL, respectively), in the combinations: LP-LL; LP-HL; HP-LL and HP-HL. Measurements of growth, lipid and fatty acid content of fry, expression of genes from the endocrine axis (gh, ghrs, igfs), fatty acid metabolism (∆6-desaturase), and food intake behavior (nucb2/nesfatin-1) were collected. Fry fed with diets LP-LL and HP-LL showed the highest growth rate and growth hormone (gh) mRNA expression levels. The gene expression of ∆6-desaturase was high in head of fry fed with diet LP-HL. The mRNA expression of nucb2/nesfatin-1 and gh followed the same patterns in head, and the inverse pattern in body. In conclusion, diets with LL ensure a higher growth of pejerrey fry compared to those that contain HL, without altering the final lipid amount nor the fatty acid profile on fry. In LL groups, the expression of genes from the GH-IGF axis is associated with the observed promotion of somatic growth. The expression of nucb2/nesfatin-1 indicates an effect of this peptide not related to food intake regulation, e.g., a negative regulatory role on GH expression, that would warrant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina CC 164, Argentina.
| | - Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Luis Fabián Canosa
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina CC 164, Argentina.
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Genome-wide characterization of the Elovl gene family in Gymnocypris przewalskii and their potential roles in adaptation to cold temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110759. [PMID: 35605755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The elongase of the very long-chain fatty acids (Elovls) gene family in fish has more diversity than in other vertebrates, which plays several critical roles in fatty acid synthesis and low-temperature stress adaptation. Gymnocypris przewalskii settles in plateau lakes with cold and resource-poor settings, and the evolution and function of Elovl genes in this fish are unknown. In the study, to identify the Elovl genes in G. przewalskii, the genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of the gene members have been conducted with the expression profile of different tissues under cold stress. Fatty acid compositions, meanwhile, were detected in both the hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle during cold adaptation. A total of 21 Elovl members have been identified from the genome of G. przewalskii, belonging to Elovl1, Elovl2, Elovl4, Elovl5, Elovl6, Elovl7, and Elovl8 subgroups, with conserved ELO domain and four common motifs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that subfamilies Elovl1 and Elovl7, Elov2, and Elovl5 have a closer genetic relationship, while the Elovl6 class was classed into an independent clade. Synteny analysis showed that whole-genome duplication, tandem duplicates, and gene conversion could drive the Elovls family expansion in G. przewalskii. The Ka/Ks and RELAX analysis showed distinguishing positive selection traces in ORF sequences of gpElovl2. Transcriptional data showed that different gpElovl subtypes exhibited a tissue-specific expression. Subtypes gpElovl1a, gpElovl2 and gpElovl6l were highly expressed induced by cold stress, as well as fatty acid metabolism-related genes, including Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain gene (Ascl1a-1) and Stearyl-CoA desaturase gene (Scd1a-1). In addition, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents of the hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle were significantly increased under 15-day cold stress. These results provide a better understanding of fish Elovl genes and their roles in cold adaptation.
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Martínez-Angeles E, Castillo-Quintana E, Navarrete-Ramírez P, Ríos-Durán MG, Martínez-Chávez CC, Raggi L, Pedroza-Islas R, Olvera-Novoa MA, Martínez-Palacios CA. Effects of Formulated Microdiets on Weaning Success And Larval Performance Of Pike Silverside Chirostoma Estor (Jordan, 1879). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Amillano-Cisneros JM, Hernández-Rosas PT, Gomez-Gil B, Navarrete-Ramírez P, Ríos-Durán MG, Martínez-Chávez CC, Johnston-Monje D, Martínez-Palacios CA, Raggi L. Loss of gut microbial diversity in the cultured, agastric fish, Mexican pike silverside ( Chirostoma estor: Atherinopsidae). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13052. [PMID: 35282279 PMCID: PMC8908885 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish are the most diverse group of extant vertebrates and have varied digestive anatomical structures and strategies, suggesting they also possess an array of different host-microbiota interactions. Differences in fish gut microbiota have been shown to affect host development, the process of gut colonization, and the outcomes of gene-environment or immune system-microbiota interactions. There is generally a lack of studies on the digestive mechanisms and microbiota of agastric short-intestine fish however, meaning that we do not understand how changes in gut microbial diversity might influence the health of these types of fish. To help fill these gaps in knowledge, we decided to study the Mexican pike silverside (Chirostoma estor) which has a simplified alimentary canal (agastric, short-intestine, 0.7 gut relative length) to observe the diversity and metabolic potential of its intestinal microbiota. We characterized gut microbial populations using high-throughput sequencing of the V3 region in bacterial 16S rRNA genes while searching for population shifts resulting associated with fish development in different environments and cultivation methods. Microbiota samples were taken from the digesta, anterior and posterior intestine (the three different intestinal components) of fish that grew wild in a lake, that were cultivated in indoor tanks, or that were raised in outdoor ponds. Gut microbial diversity was significantly higher in wild fish than in cultivated fish, suggesting a loss of diversity when fish are raised in controlled environments. The most abundant phyla observed in these experiments were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, particularly of the genera Mycoplasma, Staphylococcus, Spiroplasma, and Aeromonas. Of the 14,161 OTUs observed in this experiment, 133 were found in all groups, and 17 of these, belonging to Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Spiroplasma genera, were found in all samples suggesting the existence of a core C. estor microbiome. Functional metagenomic prediction of bacterial ecological functions using PICRUSt2 suggested that different intestinal components select for functionally distinct microbial populations with variation in pathways related to the metabolism of amino acids, vitamins, cofactors, and energy. Our results provide, for the first time, information on the bacterial populations present in an agastric, short-gut teleost with commercial potential and show that controlled cultivation of this fish reduces the diversity of its intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mateo Amillano-Cisneros
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Perla T. Hernández-Rosas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Bruno Gomez-Gil
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Pamela Navarrete-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico,Cátedras-CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Gisela Ríos-Durán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cristian Martínez-Chávez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - David Johnston-Monje
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Plant Microbial Ecology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Carlos Antonio Martínez-Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Luciana Raggi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico,Cátedras-CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Monroig Ó, Shu-Chien A, Kabeya N, Tocher D, Castro L. Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Nyunoya H, Noda T, Kawamoto Y, Hayashi Y, Ishibashi Y, Ito M, Okino N. Lack of ∆5 Desaturase Activity Impairs EPA and DHA Synthesis in Fish Cells from Red Sea Bream and Japanese Flounder. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:472-481. [PMID: 34176006 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain (≥ C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), are necessary for human health and are obtained from marine fish-derived oils. Marine fish are LC-PUFA-rich animals; however, many of them require LC-PUFA for growth. Therefore, it is suggested that they do not have sufficient ability to biosynthesize LC-PUFA. To evaluate in vivo LC-PUFA synthetic activity in fish cells, fish-derived cell lines from red sea bream (Pagrus major, PMS and PMF), Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, HINAE), and zebrafish (Danio rerio, BRF41) were incubated with n-3 fatty acids labeled by radioisotopes or stable isotopes, and then, n-3 PUFA were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Labeled EPA and DHA were biosynthesized from labeled α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in BRF41, whereas they were not detected in PMS, PMF, or HINAE cells. We next cloned the fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2) cDNAs from PMF cells and zebrafish, expressed in budding yeasts, and then analyzed the substrate specificities of enzymes. As a result, we found that Fads2 from PMF cells was a ∆6/∆8 desaturase. Collectively, our study indicates that cell lines from red sea bream and Japanese flounder were not able to synthesize EPA or DHA by themselves, possibly due to the lack of ∆5 desaturase activity. Furthermore, this study provides a sensitive and reproducible non-radioactive method for evaluating LC-PUFA synthesis in fish cells using a stable isotope and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Nyunoya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Noda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - You Kawamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishibashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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14
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De la Cruz-Alvarado FJ, Álvarez-González CA, Llera-Herrera R, Monroig Ó, Kabeya N, Rodríguez-Morales S, Concha-Frias B, Guerrero-Zárate R, Jiménez-Martínez LD, Peña-Marín ES. Expression of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis genes during the early life-cycle stages of the tropical gar Atractosteus tropicus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110628. [PMID: 34052410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), are essential in multiple physiological processes, especially during early development of vertebrates. LC-PUFA biosynthesis is achieved by two key families of enzymes, fatty acyl desaturases (Fads) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl). The present study determined the expression patterns of genes encoding desaturases (fads1 and fads2) and elongases (elovl2 and elovl5) involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis during early life-stages of the tropical gar Atractosteus tropicus. We further analyzed the fatty acid profiles during early development of A. tropicus to evaluate the impact of Fads and Elovl enzymatic activities. Specific oligonucleotides were designed from A. tropicus transcriptome to perform qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) on embryonic and larval stages, along with several organs (intestine, white muscle, brain, liver, heart, mesenteric adipose, kidney, gill, swim bladder, stomach, and spleen) collected from juvenile specimens. Fatty acid content of feeds and embryonic and larval stages were analyzed. Results show that fads1, fads2, elovl2 and elovl5 expression was detected from embryonic stages with expression peaks from day 15 post hatching, which could be related to transcriptional and dietary factors. Moreover, fads1, fads2 and elovl2 showed a higher expression in intestine, while elovl5 showed a higher expression in liver, suggesting that the tropical gar activates its LC-PUFA biosynthetic machinery to produce ARA, EPA and DHA to satisfy physiological demands at crucial developmental milestones during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Janet De la Cruz-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, DACBIOL-UJAT, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas KM 0.5, C.P.86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, DACBIOL-UJAT, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas KM 0.5, C.P.86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Raúl Llera-Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología - Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Joel Montes Camarena S/N, PO Box 811, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Morales
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Química-Sisal, Puerto de Abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Bartolo Concha-Frias
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Nacajuca-Jalpa de Méndez R/a Rivera Alta, C.P. 86200 Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Rocío Guerrero-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, DACBIOL-UJAT, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas KM 0.5, C.P.86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Luis D Jiménez-Martínez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Nacajuca-Jalpa de Méndez R/a Rivera Alta, C.P. 86200 Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Emyr Saúl Peña-Marín
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, DACBIOL-UJAT, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas KM 0.5, C.P.86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CDMX, Mexico.
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15
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Xie D, Chen C, Dong Y, You C, Wang S, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. Regulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in teleost fish. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101095. [PMID: 33741387 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA, C20-24), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), are involved in numerous biological processes and have a range of health benefits. Fish have long been considered as the main source of n-3 LC-PUFA in human diets. However, the capacity for endogenous biosynthesis of LC-PUFA from C18 PUFA varies in fish species based on the presence, expression and activity of key enzymes including fatty acyl desaturases (Fads) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) proteins. In this article, we review progress on the identified Fads and Elovl, as well as the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in teleosts. The most comprehensive advances have been obtained in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus, a marine teleost demonstrated to have the entire pathway for LC-PUFA biosynthesis, including the roles of transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (Hnf4α), liver X receptor alpha (Lxrα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (Srebp-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) and stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1), as well as post-transcriptional regulation by individual microRNA (miRNA) or clusters. This research has, for the first time, demonstrated the involvement of Hnf4α, Pparγ and miRNA in the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in vertebrates. The present review provides readers with a relatively comprehensive overview of the progress made into understanding LC-PUFA biosynthetic systems in teleosts, and some insights into improving endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacity aimed at reducing the dependence of aquafeeds on fish oil while maintaining or increasing flesh LC-PUFA content and the nutritional quality of farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK94LA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Cui J, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Δ6 fatty acid desaturases in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis: insights into the evolution, function with substrate specificities and biotechnological use. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9947-9963. [PMID: 33094384 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Δ6 fatty acid desaturases (FADS6) have different substrate specificities that impact the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are involved in regulating multiple signalling pathways associated with various diseases. For decades, FADS6 with different substrate specificities have been characterized and the functions of these crucial enzymes have been investigated, while it remains enigmatic that the substrate specificities of FADS6 from various species have a huge difference. This review summarizes the substrate specificities of FADS6 in different species and reveals the underlying relationship. Further evaluation of biochemical properties has revealed that the FADS6 prefer linoleic acid that is more hydrophilic and stable. Domain-swapping and site-directed mutagenesis have been employed to delineate the regions and sites that affect the substrate specificities of FADS6. These analyses improve our understanding of the functions of FADS6 and offer information for the discovery of novel biological resources. KEY POINTS: • Outline of the excavation and identification of Δ6 fatty acid desaturases. • Overview of methods used to determine the pivotal resides of desaturases. • Application of substrate properties to generate specific fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 5, Winston-Salem, NC, 27127, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
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17
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Reis D, Pérez J, Lund I, Acosta N, Abdul-Jalbar B, Bolaños A, Rodríguez C. Esterification and modification of [1-14C] n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae reared under linoleic or α-linolenic acid-based diets and variable environmental salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 246-247:110449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Molecular mechanisms for biosynthesis and assembly of nutritionally important very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in microorganisms. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Soo HJ, Sam KK, Chong J, Lau NS, Ting SY, Kuah MK, Kwang SY, Ranjani M, Shu-Chien AC. Functional characterisation of fatty acyl desaturase, Fads2, and elongase, Elovl5, in the Boddart's goggle-eyed goby Boleophthalmus boddarti (Gobiidae) suggests an incapacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:83-99. [PMID: 32222967 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), a process to convert C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or arachidonic acid (ARA), requires the concerted activities of two enzymes, the fatty acyl desaturase (Fads) and elongase (Elovl). This study highlights the cloning, functional characterisation and tissue expression pattern of a Fads and an Elovl from the Boddart's goggle-eyed goby (Boleophthalmus boddarti), a mudskipper species widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cloned fads and elovl are clustered with other teleost orthologs, respectively. The investigation of the genome of several mudskipper species, namely Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Periophthalmus schlosseri and Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus, revealed a single Fads2 and two elongases, Elovl5 and Elovl4 for each respective species. A heterologous yeast assay indicated that the B. boddarti Fads2 possessed low desaturation activity on C18 PUFA and no desaturation on C20 and C22 PUFA substrates. In comparison, the Elovl5 showed a wide range of substrate specificity, with a capacity to elongate C18, C20 and C22 PUFA substrates. An amino acid residue that affects the capacity to elongate C22:5n-3 was identified in the B. boddarti Elovl5. Both genes are highly expressed in brain tissue. Among all tissues, DHA is highly concentrated in neuron-rich tissues, whereas EPA is highly deposited in gills. Taken together, the results showed that due to the inability to perform desaturation steps, B. boddarti is unable to biosynthesise LC-PUFA, relying on dietary intake to acquire these nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jie Soo
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Ka Kei Sam
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
| | - Joey Chong
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Nyok-Sean Lau
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
| | - Seng Yeat Ting
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Kiat Kuah
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
| | - Sim Yee Kwang
- Center for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | | | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
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20
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Rivera-Pérez C, Valenzuela-Quiñonez F, Caraveo-Patiño J. Comparative and functional analysis of desaturase FADS1 (∆5) and FADS2 (∆6) orthologues of marine organisms. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 35:100704. [PMID: 32554222 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases are key enzymes involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, which insert double bonds at specific positions of fatty acids, playing a pivotal role in unsaturated fatty acid synthesis required for membrane lipid fluidity. The ∆5 and ∆6 desaturases are responsible for producing long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) through their precursors α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in organisms lacking or with very low ability to synthesize LC-PUFA by themselves. Extensive studies of fatty acid desaturases are available in model organisms, such as humans and mouse; however, the diversity of these genes in the marine biodiversity is less known. This study performed an exhaustive analysis to identify the ∆5 and ∆6 desaturases in the available marine genomes in databases, as well as transcriptomes and EST databases, and their coding sequences were compared to the well-characterized ∆5 and ∆6 desaturases from humans. The FADS1 and FADS2 genetic structures are well conserved among all the organisms analyzed. A common amino acid pattern was identified to discriminate between ∆5 and ∆6 desaturases. The analysis of the conserved motif involved in catalysis showed that 20% of the desaturases, ∆5 and ∆6, have lost motifs required for catalysis. Additionally, bifunctional ∆5/∆6 desaturases were able to be identified by amino acid sequence patterns found in previously described enzymes. A revision of the expression profiles and functional activity on sequences in databases and scientific literature provided information regarding the function of these marine organism enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Caraveo-Patiño
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
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21
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Nayak M, Giri SS, Pradhan A, Samanta M, Saha A. Effects of dietary α-linolenic acid/linoleic acid ratio on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile, serum metabolites and Δ6 fad and elovl5 gene expression in silver barb (Puntius gonionotus). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1643-1652. [PMID: 31802501 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver barb (Puntius gonionotus) is a medium-sized carp that is promising for freshwater aquaculture in Asia. This study's aim was to investigate the ideal dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA): linoleic acid (LA) ratio for maximizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis and their deposition in the muscle of silver barb, as that of fish oil based control diet. RESULT Fish (with an initial body weight of 11.07 ± 0.12 g) were fed for 60 days with five experimental iso-proteinous, iso-lipidic, and iso-caloric diets, supplemented with linseed oil and peanut oil at varying levels to obtain ALA:LA ratios of 0.35, 0.51, 0.91, 2.04, 2.66. A control diet was prepared by supplementing fish oil. The dietary ALA:LA ratio did not influence the growth performance of fish. With increased dietary ALA:LA ratios, LA content decreased and ALA content increased in the muscle and liver of silver barb. The n-3 LC-PUFA level in muscle and liver was not influenced by feeding different ratios of ALA:LA, whereas n-6 LC-PUFA was decreased in the muscle and increased in the liver with increased dietary ALA:LA ratios. Increasing dietary ALA:LA ratio increased the Δ6fad and elovl5mRNA expression in the liver, muscle, brain, and intestinal tissues of silver barbs. CONCLUSION Silver barb possess the ability to elongate and desaturate ALA and LA to their end products EPA and DHA. The highest level expression of Δ6 fad and elovl5 mRNA at the dietary ALA:LA ratio of 2.66 suggests greater affinity of these enzymes towards ALA than LA in silver barb. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Nayak
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shiba Shankar Giri
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Avinash Pradhan
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
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22
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Martínez-Palacios CA, Concha-Santos S, Toledo-Cuevas EM, Ríos-Durán MG, Martínez-Chávez CC, Navarrete-Ramírez P, Raggi L, Strussmann C, Hualde JP, Demicheli MA, Fonseca-Madrigal J. High levels of docosahexaenoic acid are present in eight New World silversides (Pisces: Atherinopsidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2019-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most critical and least available omega-3 fatty acid in the Western human diet. Currently, the source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is mainly dependent on wild fisheries, making this resource unsustainable in the foreseeable future. In recent years, a high rate of biosynthesis and accumulation of DHA has been discovered in a freshwater species (Chirostoma estor) belonging to the Atherinopsidae family. Interest in evaluating fatty acid composition in other members of the family has emerged, so this study compiles original data of flesh composition of eight atherinopsid species from freshwater and brackish environments, either wild or cultured. High levels of DHA (16 to 31%) were found in all analyzed members of the family, except in C. grandocule, independently of their habitat or origin. The analyzed species of the Jordani group (C. estor, C. promelas and C. humboldtianum) showed high DHA and low EPA levels (<0.5%) as previously reported for cultured C. estor. The low trophic niche of these atherinopsids and their fatty acid accumulation capabilities are factors that make these species noteworthy candidates for sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Raggi
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico
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23
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Garrido D, Kabeya N, Betancor MB, Pérez JA, Acosta NG, Tocher DR, Rodríguez C, Monroig Ó. Functional diversification of teleost Fads2 fatty acyl desaturases occurs independently of the trophic level. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11199. [PMID: 31371768 PMCID: PMC6671994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis capacity of fish varies among species, with trophic level hypothesised as a major factor. The biosynthesis capacity is largely dependent upon the presence of functionally diversified fatty acyl desaturase 2 (Fads2) enzymes, since many teleosts have lost the gene encoding a Δ5 desaturase (Fads1). The present study aimed to characterise Fads2 from four teleosts occupying different trophic levels, namely Sarpa salpa, Chelon labrosus, Pegusa lascaris and Atherina presbyter, which were selected based on available data on functions of Fads2 from closely related species. Therefore, we had insight into the variability of Fads2 within the same phylogenetic group. Our results showed that Fads2 from S. salpa and C. labrosus were both Δ6 desaturases with further Δ8 activity while P. lascaris and A. presbyter Fads2 showed Δ4 activity. Fads2 activities of herbivorous S. salpa are consistent with those reported for carnivorous Sparidae species. The results suggested that trophic level might not directly drive diversification of teleost Fads2 as initially hypothesised, and other factors such as the species' phylogeny appeared to be more influential. In agreement, Fads2 activities from P. lascaris and A. presbyter were similar to their corresponding phylogenetic counterparts Solea senegalensis and Chirostoma estor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garrido
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - José A Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Guadalupe Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
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24
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Tinti E, Geay F, Lopes Rodrigues M, Kestemont P, Perpète EA, Michaux C. Molecular cloning and 3D model of a fatty-acid elongase in a carnivorous freshwater teleost, the European perch ( Perca fluviatilis). 3 Biotech 2019; 9:242. [PMID: 31168435 PMCID: PMC6542919 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a carnivorous freshwater fish able to metabolise polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) into highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). This makes it a potential candidate for sustainable aquaculture development. In this study, special attention is given to the fatty-acid elongase (ELOVL) family, one of the two enzymatic systems implied in the HUFA biosynthesis. Structural information on European perch enzyme converting PUFA into HUFA is obtained by both molecular cloning and in silico characterization of an ELOVL5-like elongase from P. fluviatilis (pfELOVL). The full-length cDNA sequence consists of a 885-base pair Open Reading Frame coding for a 294-amino acid protein. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment with fish elongases predict the pfELOVL clusters within the ELOVL5 sub-group. The amino-acid sequence displays the typical ELOVL features: several transmembrane α helices (TMH), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal, and four "conserved boxes" involved in the catalytic site. In addition, the topology analysis predicts a 7-TMH structure addressed in the ER membrane. A 3D model of the protein embedded in an ER-like membrane environment is also provided using de novo modelling and molecular dynamics. From docking studies, two putative enzyme-substrate-binding modes, including H bonds and CH-π interactions, emphasize the role of specific residues in the "conserved boxes".
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Tinti
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Life-Earth-Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Maximilien Lopes Rodrigues
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Namur Institute of Structures Matter, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Institute of Life-Earth-Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric A. Perpète
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Life-Earth-Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Namur Institute of Structures Matter, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Michaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Namur Institute of Structures Matter, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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25
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Molecular cloning and functional characterization of elongase (elovl5) and fatty acyl desaturase (fads2) in sciaenid, Nibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802). Gene 2019; 695:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Wei Z, Liu X, Zhou Z, Xu J. De novo transcriptomic analysis of gonad of Strongylocentrotus nudus and gene discovery for biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:583-597. [PMID: 30830682 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strongylocentrotus nudus is an important cultured sea urchin species in north China, because its gonad is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly long polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). These PUFAs play pleiotropic and crucial roles in a wide range of biological process. OBJECTIVE However, the genes contributing to biosynthesis PUFAs have not been elucidated yet, and the molecular mechanism relative to the difference in PUFA composition between male and female gonad as been revealed but the corresponding has not been understood. METHODS In this paper, solexa sequencing based transcriptomic approach was used to identify and characterize the key genes relative to PUFA synthesis and further conducted different expressed genes between male and female gonad. RESULTS A total of 130,124 transcripts and 189330 unigenes were de novo assembled from 64.32 Gb data. Next, these unigenes were subjected to functional annotation by mapping to six public databases, and this process revealed a lot of genes involving in lipid metabolism. In addition, three types of fatty acids front-end desaturase and three species of very long fatty acids elongase were identified and the pathway for PUFA biosynthesis was hypothesized. Last, comparative analysis revealed the higher expression level of Δ5 desaturase, Δ6 desaturase, ELOVL-4, -6 and -7 in male gonad compared with female. CONCLUSION This results could plausible explain the differ in composition of PUFAs between male and female gonad of sea urchin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Wei
- Biological Sciences Department, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Junxiao Xu
- Biological Sciences Department, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong, China
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27
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Panserat S, Marandel L, Seiliez I, Skiba-Cassy S. New Insights on Intermediary Metabolism for a Better Understanding of Nutrition in Teleosts. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 7:195-220. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of aquaculture production throughout the world over the past few decades has led to the emergence of new scientific challenges to improve fish nutrition. The diet formulations used for farmed fish have been largely modified in the past few years. However, bottlenecks still exist in being able to suppress totally marine resources (fish meal and fish oil) in diets without negatively affecting growth performance and flesh quality. A better understanding of fish metabolism and its regulation by nutrients is thus mandatory. In this review, we discuss four fields of research that are highly important for improving fish nutrition in the future: ( a) fish genome complexity and subsequent consequences for metabolism, ( b) microRNAs (miRNAs) as new actors in regulation of fish metabolism, ( c) the role of autophagy in regulation of fish metabolism, and ( d) the nutritional programming of metabolism linked to the early life of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Panserat
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - L. Marandel
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - I. Seiliez
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - S. Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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28
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Ferraz RB, Kabeya N, Lopes-Marques M, Machado AM, Ribeiro RA, Salaro AL, Ozório R, Castro LFC, Monroig Ó. A complete enzymatic capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is present in the Amazonian teleost tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 227:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Lopes-Marques M, Kabeya N, Qian Y, Ruivo R, Santos MM, Venkatesh B, Tocher DR, Castro LFC, Monroig Ó. Retention of fatty acyl desaturase 1 (fads1) in Elopomorpha and Cyclostomata provides novel insights into the evolution of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in vertebrates. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:157. [PMID: 30340454 PMCID: PMC6194568 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Provision of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in vertebrates occurs through the diet or via endogenous production from C18 precursors through consecutive elongations and desaturations. It has been postulated that the abundance of LC-PUFA in the marine environment has remarkably modulated the gene complement and function of Fads in marine teleosts. In vertebrates two fatty acyl desaturases, namely Fads1 and Fads2, encode ∆5 and ∆6 desaturases, respectively. To fully clarify the evolutionary history of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in vertebrates, we investigated the gene repertoire and function of Fads from species placed at key evolutionary nodes. Results We demonstrate that functional Fads1Δ5 and Fads2∆6 arose from a tandem gene duplication in the ancestor of vertebrates, since they are present in the Arctic lamprey. Additionally, we show that a similar condition was retained in ray-finned fish such as the Senegal bichir and spotted gar, with the identification of fads1 genes in these lineages. Functional characterisation of the isolated desaturases reveals the first case of a Fads1 enzyme with ∆5 desaturase activity in the Teleostei lineage, the Elopomorpha. In contrast, in Osteoglossomorpha genomes, while no fads1 was identified, two separate fads2 duplicates with ∆6 and ∆5 desaturase activities respectively were uncovered. Conclusions We conclude that, while the essential genetic components involved LC-PUFA biosynthesis evolved in the vertebrate ancestor, the full completion of the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway arose uniquely in gnathostomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1271-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U. Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yu Qian
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U. Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U. Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U. Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. .,Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain.
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30
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Guo B, Tang Z, Wu C, Xu K, Qi P. Transcriptomic analysis reveal an efficient osmoregulatory system in Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri in response to salinity stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14353. [PMID: 30254302 PMCID: PMC6156415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sturgeons are euryhaline fish species that have developed specific mechanisms of osmotic and ion regulation to adapt to waters of varying salinity. For the aim to elucidate the osmoregulation strategy behind its high salinity tolerance of sturgeons, the transcriptomes of gills in Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri under salinity stress (30 ppt) were sequenced using deep-sequencing platform Illumina/HiSeq-2500 and differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified. A total of 167, 501, 278 clean reads were obtained and 280, 238 unigenes were composed of those clean reads with the mean length of 520nt, and the N50 of 630 bp. Unigenes Sequence alignment was implemented via KEGG, KOG, NT, NR, PFAM, Swiss-Prot, and GO databases. 62, 242 unigenes (22.21%) were annoated in at least one database. 11380 significantly differentially expressed unigenes were found, 6969 of which were up-regulated and 4411 were down-regulated by salinity stress. Amongst the top 20 KEGG pathways with the most amount of annotation sequences, some pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty-acid biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation have been comprehensively proved to be relevant to osmoregulation. Despite of these, three possible osmoregulation-related signaling pathways as lipid metabolism related pathways, tight junction pathway and thyroid hormone signaling pathway have been widely analyzed in the current study. In all DEGs, some of the typical genes involved in osmoregulation, including calcium-transporting ATPase 4 (ATP2B4), Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit (α-NKA), potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 (ATP4A) and Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) etc were also identified. RNA-seq results were validated with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), the 12 selected genes showed a consistent direction in both DGE library and qPCR analysis, proving that the RNA-seq results are reliable. The present results would be helpful to elucidate the osmoregulation mechanism of aquatic animals adapting to salinity challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zurong Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Kaida Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhejiang, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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31
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Surm JM, Toledo TM, Prentis PJ, Pavasovic A. Insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of Fad and Elovl gene families in Actiniaria. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5323-5335. [PMID: 29938056 PMCID: PMC6010785 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs, ≥ C20) is reliant on the action of desaturase and elongase enzymes, which are encoded by the fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) gene families, respectively. In Metazoa, research investigating the distribution and evolution of these gene families has been restricted largely to Bilateria. Here, we provide insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of the Fad and Elovl gene families in Cnidaria, the sister phylum to Bilateria. Four model cnidarian genomes and six actiniarian transcriptomes were interrogated. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of a candidate cnidarian species, Actinia tenebrosa, was performed to determine the baseline profile of this species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed lineage-specific gene duplication in actiniarians for both the Fad and Elovl gene families. Two distinct cnidarian Fad clades clustered with functionally characterized Δ5 and Δ6 proteins from fungal and plant species, respectively. Alternatively, only a single cnidarian Elovl clade clustered with functionally characterized Elovl proteins (Elovl4), while two additional clades were identified, one actiniarian-specific (Novel ElovlA) and the another cnidarian-specific (Novel ElovlB). In actiniarians, selection analyses revealed pervasive purifying selection acting on both gene families. However, codons in the Elovl gene family show patterns of nucleotide variation consistent with the action of episodic diversifying selection following gene duplication events. Significantly, these codons may encode amino acid residues that are functionally important for Elovl proteins to target and elongate different precursor fatty acids. In A. tenebrosa, the fatty acid analysis revealed an absence of LC-PUFAs > C20 molecules and implies that the Elovl enzymes are not actively contributing to the elongation of these LC-PUFAs. Overall, this study has revealed that actiniarians possess Fad and Elovl genes required for the biosynthesis of some LC-PUFAs, and that these genes appear to be distinct from bilaterians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim M. Surm
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveAustralia
| | - Tarik M. Toledo
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveAustralia
| | - Peter J. Prentis
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological SciencesScience and Engineering FacultyQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
- Institute for Future EnvironmentsQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ana Pavasovic
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
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Wang S, Chen J, Jiang D, Zhang Q, You C, Tocher DR, Monroig Ó, Dong Y, Li Y. Hnf4α is involved in the regulation of vertebrate LC-PUFA biosynthesis: insights into the regulatory role of Hnf4α on expression of liver fatty acyl desaturases in the marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:805-815. [PMID: 29352428 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis is an important metabolic pathway in vertebrates, especially fish, considering they are the major source of n-3 LC-PUFA in the human diet. However, most fish have only limited capability for biosynthesis of LC-PUFA. The rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) is able to synthesize LC-PUFA as it has all the key enzyme activities required including Δ6Δ5 Fads2, Δ4 Fads2, Elovl5, and Elovl4. We previously reported a direct interaction between the transcription factor Hnf4α and the promoter regions of Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 Fads2, which suggested that Hnf4α was involved in the transcriptional regulation of fads2 in rabbitfish. For functionally investigating it further, a full-length cDNA of 1736-bp-encoding rabbitfish Hnf4α with 454 amino acids was cloned, which was highly expressed in intestine, followed by liver and eyes. Similar to the expression characteristics of its target genes Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 fads2, levels of hnf4α mRNA in liver and eyes were higher in fish reared at low salinity than those reared in high salinity. After the rabbitfish primary hepatocytes were, respectively, incubated with alverine, benfluorex or BI6015, which were anticipated agonists or antagonist for Hnf4α, the mRNA level of Δ6Δ5 and Δ4 fads2 displayed a similar change tendency with that of hnf4α mRNA. Furthermore, when the mRNA level of hhf4α was knocked down using siRNA, the expression of Δ6Δ5 and Δ4 fads2 also decreased. Together, these data suggest that Hnf4α is involved in the transcriptional regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis, specifically, by targeting Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 fads2 in rabbitfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Qinghao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Yewei Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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Dong Y, Zhao J, Chen J, Wang S, Liu Y, Zhang Q, You C, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. Cloning and characterization of ∆6/∆5 fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) gene promoter in the marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus. Gene 2018; 647:174-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Fadhlaoui M, Pierron F, Couture P. Temperature and metal exposure affect membrane fatty acid composition and transcription of desaturases and elongases in fathead minnow muscle and brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:632-643. [PMID: 29132009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that metal exposure affected the normal thermal response of cell membrane FA composition and of elongase and desaturase gene transcription levels. To this end, muscle and brain membrane FA composition and FA desaturase (fads2, degs2 and scd2) and elongase (elovl2, elovl5 and elovl6) gene transcription levels were analyzed in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) acclimated for eight weeks to 15, 25 or 30°C exposed or not to cadmium (Cd, 6μg/l) or nickel (Ni, 450 6μg/l). The response of membrane FA composition to temperature variations or metal exposure differed between muscle and brain. In muscle, an increase of temperature induced a decrease of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and an increase of saturated FA (SFA) in agreement with the current paradigm. Although a similar response was observed in brain between 15 and 25°C, at 30°C, brain membrane unsaturation was higher than predicted. In both tissues, metal exposure affected the normal thermal response of membrane FA composition. The transcription of desaturases and elongases was higher in the brain and varied with acclimation temperature and metal exposure but these variations did not generally reflect changes in membrane FA composition. The mismatch between gene transcription and membrane composition highlights that several levels of control other than gene transcription are involved in adjusting membrane FA composition, including post-transcriptional regulation of elongases and desaturases and de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. Our study also reveals that metal exposure affects the mechanisms involved in adjusting cell membrane FA composition in ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Fadhlaoui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec QC Canada G1K 9A9
| | | | - Patrice Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec QC Canada G1K 9A9.
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Cloning and functional characterization of fads2 desaturase and elovl5 elongase from Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 214:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang Q, Wong MKS, Li Y, Li Y, Takei Y. Changes in Plasma and Tissue Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LC-PUFA) Content in the Eel Anguilla japonica After External and Internal Osmotic Stress. Zoolog Sci 2017; 34:429-437. [PMID: 28990478 DOI: 10.2108/zs170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of external and internal osmotic stress on the profile of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in euryhaline eels Anguilla japonica. Freshwater (FW) fish were transferred to seawater (SW) for external osmotic stress or subjected to internal stress through injection with hypertonic saline. FW eels injected with isotonic saline served as controls. Plasma osmolality, Na+ concentration, and gill Na+/K+ -ATPase activity increased, but hematocrit decreased compared with controls in eels exposed to external or internal osmotic stress. The expression of two major transporter genes for SW adaptation, the Na+ -K+ -2Cl - co-transporter 1a (NKCC1a) in the gill and NKCC2b in the intestine, was up-regulated only in SW-transferred eels, suggesting a direct impact of SW on the gill and intestine via SW ingestion. Total LC-PUFA contents and DHA (22:6 n-3) increased in the gill and liver of SW-transferred eels and in the intestine of hypertonic saline-injected eels. However, total LC-PUFA content in plasma decreased after both external and internal osmotic stimuli. In contrast, the gene expression of two key enzymes involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis, Δ6 fatty acid desaturase and elongase, did not change in the gill, intestine and liver of osmotically stressed eels. These results indicate that LC-PUFA is possibly involved in osmoregulation and the increased LC-PUFA contents of osmoregulatory organs might be a result of LC-PUFA transport via circulation, rather than through de novo biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhang
- 1 Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Marty K S Wong
- 2 Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yiqi Li
- 3 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- 1 Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.,2 Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.,4 School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yoshio Takei
- 2 Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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Elongation of very Long-Chain (>C 24) Fatty Acids in Clarias gariepinus: Cloning, Functional Characterization and Tissue Expression of elovl4 Elongases. Lipids 2017; 52:837-848. [PMID: 28856549 PMCID: PMC5613102 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 4 (Elovl4) proteins participate in the biosynthesis of very long-chain (>C24) saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Previous studies have shown that fish possess two different forms of Elovl4, termed Elovl4a and Elovl4b. The present study aimed to characterize both molecularly and functionally two elovl4 cDNA from the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The results confirmed that C. gariepinus possessed two elovl4-like elongases with high homology to two previously characterized Elovl4 from Danio rerio, and thus they were termed accordingly as Elovl4a and Elovl4b. The C. gariepinus Elovl4a and Elovl4b have open reading frames (ORF) of 945 and 915 base pairs, respectively, encoding putative proteins of 314 and 304 amino acids, respectively. Functional characterization in yeast showed both Elovl4 enzymes have activity towards all the PUFA substrates assayed (18:4n-3, 18:3n-6, 20:5n-3, 20:4n-6, 22:5n-3, 22:4n-6 and 22:6n-3), producing elongated products of up to C36. Moreover, the C. gariepinus Elovl4a and Elovl4b were able to elongate very long-chain saturated FA (VLC-SFA) as denoted by increased levels of 28:0 and longer FA in yeast transformed with elovl4 ORF compared to control yeast. These results confirmed that C. gariepinus Elovl4 play important roles in the biosynthesis of very long-chain FA. Tissue distribution analysis of elovl4 mRNAs showed both genes were widely expressed in all tissues analyzed, with high expression of elovl4a in pituitary and brain, whereas female gonad and pituitary had the highest expression levels for elovl4b.
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Influence of water salinity on genes implicated in somatic growth, lipid metabolism and food intake in Pejerrey ( Odontesthes bonariensis ). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 210:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Roy S, Chakraborty HJ, Kumar V, Behera BK, Rana RS, Babu G. In Silico Structural Studies and Molecular Docking Analysis of Delta6-desaturase in HUFA Biosynthetic Pathway. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 29:161-173. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1332639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R S Rana
- ICAR - Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan I, New Delhi, India
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40
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Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays important physiological roles in vertebrates. Studies in rats and rainbow trout confirmed that DHA biosynthesis proceeds through the so-called “Sprecher pathway”, a biosynthetic process requiring a Δ6 desaturation of 24:5n−3 to 24:6n−3. Alternatively, some teleosts possess fatty acyl desaturases 2 (Fads2) that enable them to biosynthesis DHA through a more direct route termed the “Δ4 pathway”. In order to elucidate the prevalence of both pathways among teleosts, we investigated the Δ6 ability towards C24 substrates of Fads2 from fish with different evolutionary and ecological backgrounds. Subsequently, we retrieved public databases to identify Fads2 containing the YXXN domain responsible for the Δ4 desaturase function, and consequently enabling these species to operate the Δ4 pathway. We demonstrated that, with the exception of Δ4 desaturases, fish Fads2 have the ability to operate as Δ6 desaturases towards C24 PUFA enabling them to synthesise DHA through the Sprecher pathway. Nevertheless, the Δ4 pathway represents an alternative route in some teleosts and we identified the presence of putative Δ4 Fads2 in a further 11 species and confirmed the function as Δ4 desaturases of Fads2 from medaka and Nile tilapia. Our results demonstrated that two alternative pathways for DHA biosynthesis exist in teleosts.
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41
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Li S, Monroig Ó, Wang T, Yuan Y, Carlos Navarro J, Hontoria F, Liao K, Tocher DR, Mai K, Xu W, Ai Q. Functional characterization and differential nutritional regulation of putative Elovl5 and Elovl4 elongases in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Sci Rep 2017; 7:2303. [PMID: 28536436 PMCID: PMC5442133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, two elongases, Elovl4 and Elovl5, were functionally characterized and their transcriptional regulation in response to n-3 LC-PUFA administration were investigated in vivo and in vitro. We previously described the molecular characterization of croaker elovl5. Here, we report the full-length cDNA sequence of croaker elovl4, which contained 1794 bp (excluding the polyA tail), including 909 bp of coding region that encoded a polypeptide of 302 amino acids possessing all the characteristic features of Elovl proteins. Functional studies showed that croaker Elovl5, displayed high elongation activity towards C18 and C20 PUFA, with only low activity towards C22 PUFA. In contrast, croaker Elovl4 could effectively convert both C20 and C22 PUFA to longer polyenoic products up to C34. n-3 LC-PUFA suppressed transcription of the two elongase genes, as well as srebp-1 and lxrα, major regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays and in vitro studies both indicated that the transcriptions of elovl5 and elovl4 elongases could be regulated by Lxrα. Moreover, Lxrα could mediate the transcription of elovl4 directly or indirectly through regulating the transcription of srebp-1. The above findings contribute further insight and understanding of the mechanisms regulating LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Kai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
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Bou M, Østbye TK, Berge GM, Ruyter B. EPA, DHA, and Lipoic Acid Differentially Modulate the n-3 Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway in Atlantic Salmon Hepatocytes. Lipids 2017; 52:265-283. [PMID: 28132119 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how EPA, DHA, and lipoic acid (LA) influence the different metabolic steps in the n-3 fatty acid (FA) biosynthetic pathway in hepatocytes from Atlantic salmon fed four dietary levels (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) of EPA, DHA or a 1:1 mixture of these FA. The hepatocytes were incubated with [1-14C] 18:3n-3 in the presence or absence of LA (0.2 mM). Increased endogenous levels of EPA and/or DHA and LA exposure both led to similar responses in cells with reduced desaturation and elongation of [1-14C] 18:3n-3 to 18:4n-3, 20:4n-3, and EPA, in agreement with reduced expression of the Δ6 desaturase gene involved in the first step of conversion. DHA production, on the other hand, was maintained even in groups with high endogenous levels of DHA, possibly due to a more complex regulation of this last step in the n-3 metabolic pathway. Inhibition of the Δ6 desaturase pathway led to increased direct elongation to 20:3n-3 by both DHA and LA. Possibly the route by 20:3n-3 and then Δ8 desaturation to 20:4n-3, bypassing the first Δ6 desaturase step, can partly explain the maintained or even increased levels of DHA production. LA increased DHA production in the phospholipid fraction of hepatocytes isolated from fish fed 0 and 0.5% EPA and/or DHA, indicating that LA has the potential to further increase the production of this health-beneficial FA in fish fed diets with low levels of EPA and/or DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bou
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), P.O. Box 210, 1431, Ås, Norway. .,Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Tone-Kari Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), P.O. Box 210, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), P.O. Box 210, 1431, Ås, Norway.,Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Kabeya N, Sanz-Jorquera A, Carboni S, Davie A, Oboh A, Monroig O. Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169374. [PMID: 28052125 PMCID: PMC5215697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. Contrarily, the FadsC appears to be sea urchin-specific desaturase. Finally, a further desaturase termed as FadsB exists in starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, but appears to be missing in sea urchins. The functional characterisation of the P. lividus Fads confirmed that the FadsA was a Δ5 desaturase with activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Moreover, our experiments confirmed that FadsA plays a role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA, a group of compounds typically found in marine invertebrates. On the other hand, both FadsC desaturases from P. lividus showed Δ8 activity. The present results demonstrate that P. lividus possesses desaturases that account for all the desaturation reactions required to biosynthesis the physiological essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids through the so-called "Δ8 pathway".
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kabeya
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Sanz-Jorquera
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Carboni
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Davie
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Oboh
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
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44
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Molecular and functional characterization of a fads2 orthologue in the Amazonian teleost, Arapaima gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 203:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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45
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Kuah MK, Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC. A fatty acyl desaturase (fads2) with dual Δ6 and Δ5 activities from the freshwater carnivorous striped snakehead Channa striata. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 201:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The miR-33 gene is identified in a marine teleost: a potential role in regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in Siganus canaliculatus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32909. [PMID: 27640649 PMCID: PMC5027541 DOI: 10.1038/srep32909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first marine teleost demonstrated to have the ability to biosynthesize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 PUFA precursors, rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus provides a good model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts. Here the potential roles of miR-33 in such regulation were investigated. The miR-33 gene was identified within intron 16 of the gene encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (Srebp1), an activator of LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Expression of miR-33 in rabbitfish tissues correlated with that of srebp1, while its expression in liver was highly responsive to ambient salinities and PUFA components, factors affecting LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Srebp1 activation promoted the expression of Δ4 and Δ6 Δ5 fatty acyl desaturases (Fad), key enzymes for LC-PUFA biosynthesis, accompanied by elevated miR-33 abundance in rabbitfish hepatocytes. miR-33 overexpression induced the expression of the two fad, but suppressed that of insulin-induced gene 1 (insig1), which encodes a repressor blocking Srebp proteolytic activation and has targeting sites of miR-33. These results indicated that miR-33, cooperating with Srebp1, may be involved in regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis by facilitating fad expression, probably through targeting insig1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the participation of miR-33 in LC-PUFA biosynthesis in vertebrates.
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Xie D, Chen F, Lin S, You C, Wang S, Zhang Q, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the euryhaline herbivorous teleost Scatophagus argus: Functional characterization, tissue expression and nutritional regulation of two fatty acyl elongases. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 198:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC, Kuah MK. Echium oil increased the expression of a Δ4 Fads2 fatty acyl desaturase and the deposition of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in comparison with linseed oil in striped snakehead (Channa striata) muscle. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1107-1122. [PMID: 26842427 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potential of vegetable oils as aquafeed ingredients, a major drawback associated with their utilization is the inferior level of beneficial n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Echium oil (EO), which is rich in stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3), could potentially improve the deposition of n-3 LC-PUFA as the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA is enhanced through bypassing the rate-limiting ∆6 desaturation step. We report for the first time an attempt to investigate whether the presence of a desaturase (Fads2) capable of ∆4 desaturation activities and an elongase (Elovl5) will leverage the provision of dietary SDA to produce a higher rate of LC-PUFA bioconversion. Experimental diets were designed containing fish oil (FO), EO or linseed oil (LO) (100FO, 100EO, 100LO), and diets which comprised equal mixtures of the designated oils (50EOFO and 50EOLO) were evaluated in a 12-week feeding trial involving striped snakeheads (Channa striata). There was no significant difference in growth and feed conversion efficiency. The hepatic fatty acid composition and higher expression of fads2 and elovl5 genes in fish fed EO-based diets indicate the utilization of dietary SDA for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Collectively, this resulted in a higher deposition of muscle eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) compared to LO-based diets. Dietary EO improved the ratio of n-3 LC-PUFA to n-6 LC-PUFA in fish muscle, which is desirable for human populations with excessive consumption of n-6 PUFA. This study validates the contribution of SDA in improving the content of n-3 LC-PUFA and the ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) in a freshwater carnivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Jaya-Ram
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Meng-Kiat Kuah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Dong Y, Wang S, Chen J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, You C, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) Is a Transcription Factor of Vertebrate Fatty Acyl Desaturase Gene as Identified in Marine Teleost Siganus canaliculatus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160361. [PMID: 27472219 PMCID: PMC4966944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus was the first marine teleost demonstrated to have the capability of biosynthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 precursors, and to possess a Δ4 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ4 Fad) which was the first report in vertebrates, and is a good model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts. In order to understand regulatory mechanisms of transcription of Δ4 Fad, the gene promoter was cloned and characterized in the present study. An upstream sequence of 1859 bp from the initiation codon ATG was cloned as the promoter candidate. On the basis of bioinformatic analysis, several binding sites of transcription factors (TF) including GATA binding protein 2 (GATA-2), CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), nuclear factor 1 (NF-1), nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and sterol regulatory element (SRE), were identified in the promoter by site-directed mutation and functional assays. HNF4α and NF-1 were confirmed to interact with the core promoter of Δ4 Fad by gel shift assay and mass spectrometry. Moreover, over-expression of HNF4α increased promoter activity in HEK 293T cells and mRNA level of Δ4 Fad in rabbitfish primary hepatocytes, respectively. The results indicated that HNF4α is a TF of rabbitfish Δ4 Fad. To our knowledge, this is the first report on promoter structure of a Δ4 Fad, and also the first demonstration of HNF4α as a TF of vertebrate Fad gene involved in transcription regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Dong
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghao Zhang
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyou Li
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Cloning and Characterization of Lxr and Srebp1, and Their Potential Roles in Regulation of LC-PUFA Biosynthesis in Rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus. Lipids 2016; 51:1051-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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